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@article{dunning2004conditioning,
	Author = {Dunning, Thad},
	Date-Added = {2018-03-19 08:56:54 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-16 12:06:56 +0000},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {409--423},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Conditioning the Effects of Aid: Cold War Politics, Donor Credibility, and Democracy in Africa},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{bermeo2011foreign,
	Author = {Bermeo, Sarah Blodgett},
	Date-Added = {2018-03-19 08:56:03 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:32:49 +0000},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Number = {11},
	Pages = {2021--2031},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {Foreign Aid and Regime Change: A Role for Donor Intent},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{greene2004fixed,
	Author = {Greene, William},
	Date-Added = {2018-03-13 11:56:12 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:47:19 +0000},
	Journal = {Econometric Reviews},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {125--147},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {Fixed Effects and Bias Due to the Incidental Parameters Problem in the Tobit Model},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{berthelemy2004bilateral,
	Author = {Berth{\'e}lemy, Jean-Claude and Tichit, Ariane},
	Date-Added = {2018-03-13 11:23:04 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-16 12:06:18 +0000},
	Journal = {International Review of Economics \& Finance},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {253--274},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {Bilateral Donors' Aid Allocation Decisions--A Three-Dimensional Panel Analysis},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{berthelemy2006bilateral,
	Author = {Berth{\'e}lemy, Jean-Claude},
	Date-Added = {2018-03-13 11:12:44 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-03-13 11:12:44 +0000},
	Journal = {Review of Development Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {179--194},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Bilateral donors' interest vs. recipients' development motives in aid allocation: do all donors behave the same?},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{burbidge1988alternative,
	Author = {Burbidge, John B. and Magee, Lonnie and Robb, A. Leslie},
	Date-Added = {2018-03-13 11:07:59 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:34:23 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	Number = {401},
	Pages = {123--127},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {Alternative Transformations to Handle Extreme Values of the Dependent Variable},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Honore1992,
	Author = {Honor{\'{e}}, Bo E.},
	File = {:Users/alexad2/Google Drive/Papers/Honore - 1992 - Fixed Effects Tobit.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {533--565},
	Title = {{Trimmed Lad and Least Squares Estimation of Truncated and Censored Regression Models with Fixed Effects}},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{holcombe1996stability,
	Author = {Holcombe, Randall G. and Sobel, Russell S.},
	Date-Added = {2018-01-30 13:11:17 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:45:41 +0000},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {17--34},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {The Stability of International Coalitions in United Nations Voting From 1946 to 1973},
	Volume = {86},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{landler2017,
	Author = {Landler, Marc},
	Date-Added = {2018-01-29 09:55:43 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-16 12:10:26 +0000},
	Journal = {New York Times},
	Title = {Trump Threatens to End American Aid: `We're Watching Those Votes' at the U.N.},
	Volume = {December 20. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/world/middleeast/trump-threatens-to-end-american-aid-were-watching-those-votes-at-the-un.html},
	Year = {2017}}

@article{wang1999us,
	Author = {Wang, Te-Yu},
	Date-Added = {2018-01-18 12:49:08 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:44:40 +0000},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {199--210},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {US Foreign Aid and UN Voting: An Analysis of Important Issues},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{lai2006impact,
	Author = {Lai, Brian and Morey, Daniel S.},
	Date-Added = {2018-01-18 12:48:07 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:46:02 +0000},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy Analysis},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {385--404},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {Impact of Regime Type on the Influence of US Foreign Aid},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{choi2009effect,
	Author = {Choi, Seung-Whan},
	Date-Added = {2018-01-17 10:21:46 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:35:47 +0000},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {153--165},
	Publisher = {Now Publishers, Inc.},
	Title = {The Effect of Outliers on Regression Analysis: Regime Type and Foreign Direct Investment},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{burnside2000aid,
	Author = {Burnside, Craig and Dollar, David},
	Date-Added = {2018-01-17 10:19:49 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:46:56 +0000},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {847--868},
	Title = {Aid, Policies, and Growth},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {2000}}

@webpage{unorg2017,
	Author = {{United Nations}},
	Date-Added = {2017-11-02 11:48:44 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-02 11:56:36 +0000},
	Title = {General Assembly Resolutions},
	Url = {http://www.un.org/en/index.html},
	Year = {2017},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.un.org/en/index.html}}

@article{alker1964dimensions,
	Author = {Alker, Hayward R},
	Date-Added = {2017-11-02 11:29:08 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:32:25 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {642--657},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Dimensions of Conflict in the General Assembly},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1964}}

@article{dixon1981emerging,
	Author = {Dixon, William J},
	Date-Added = {2017-11-02 09:27:52 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:46:38 +0000},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {47--61},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {The Emerging Image of UN Politics},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1981}}

@article{Voeten2009data,
	Author = {Voeten, Erik and Strezhnev, Anton and Bailey, Michael},
	Journal = {Harvard Dataverse},
	Title = {{United Nations General Assembly Voting Data}},
	Url = {https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=hdl:1902.1/12379},
	Volume = {V17},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=hdl:1902.1/12379}}

@book{Hurd2007,
	Address = {Princeton},
	Author = {Hurd, Ian},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {After Anarchy: Legitimacy and Power in the United Nations Security Council},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{milner2015sailing,
	Address = {Princeton},
	Author = {Milner, Helen V and Tingley, Dustin},
	Date-Added = {2017-04-11 21:19:53 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-04-11 21:19:53 +0000},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {Sailing the water's edge: The domestic politics of American foreign policy},
	Year = {2015}}

@article{laslier2002distributive,
	Author = {Laslier, Jean-Francois and Picard, Nathalie},
	Date-Added = {2017-04-10 19:03:08 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-04-10 19:03:08 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {106--130},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {Distributive politics and electoral competition},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{woods2008whose,
	Author = {Woods, Ngaire},
	Date-Added = {2017-04-10 18:50:20 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-16 12:08:56 +0000},
	Journal = {International Affairs},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1205--1221},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Whose Aid? Whose Influence? China, Emerging Donors and the Silent Revolution in Development Assistance},
	Volume = {84},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{pach1991arming,
	Author = {Pach, Chester J},
	Date-Added = {2017-04-10 18:09:35 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-04-10 18:09:35 +0000},
	Publisher = {UNC Press Books},
	Title = {Arming the free world: the origins of the United States military assistance program, 1945-1950},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{milner2010political,
	Author = {Milner, Helen V. and Tingley, Dustin H.},
	Date-Added = {2017-04-10 17:46:00 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:45:03 +0000},
	Journal = {Economics \& Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {200--232},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {The Political Economy of US Foreign Aid: American Legislators and the Domestic Politics of Aid},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{feyzioglu1998panel,
	Author = {Feyzioglu, Tarhan and Swaroop, Vinaya and Zhu, Min},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-29 23:31:51 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:38:42 +0000},
	Journal = {The World Bank Economic Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--58},
	Publisher = {World Bank},
	Title = {A Panel Data Analysis of the Fungibility of Foreign Aid},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{khilji1994fungibility,
	Author = {Khilji, Nasir M. and Zampelli, Ernest M.},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-29 23:31:01 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:45:54 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {345--362},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {The Fungibility of US Military and Non-Military Assistance and the Impacts on Expenditures of Major Aid Recipients},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{Wooldridge2010,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
	Edition = {Second},
	Pages = {1064},
	Publisher = {The MIT Press},
	Title = {{Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data}},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{Vreeland2014,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Vreeland, James Raymond and Dreher, Axel},
	Pages = {291},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of the United Nations Security Council: Money and Influence}},
	Year = {2014}}

@book{Pressman1984,
	Address = {Berkeley and Los Angeles},
	Author = {Pressman, Jeffrey L. and Wildavsky, Aaron},
	Edition = {3rd},
	Pages = {281},
	Publisher = {University of California Press},
	Title = {{Implementation}},
	Year = {1984}}

@book{Gailmard2013,
	Address = {Chicago},
	Author = {Gailmard, Sean and Patty, John W.},
	Pages = {321},
	Publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{Learning While Governing}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Kamenica2011,
	Abstract = {When is it possible for one person to persuade another to change her action? We consider a symmetric information model where a sender chooses a signal to reveal to a receiver, who then takes a noncontractible action that affects the welfare of both players. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a signal that strictly benefits the sender. We characterize sender-optimal signals. We examine comparative statics with respect to the alignment of the sender's and the receiver's preferences. Finally, we apply our results to persuasion by litigators, lobbyists, and salespeople. (JEL D72, D82, D83, K40, M31)},
	Archiveprefix = {arXiv},
	Arxivid = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	Author = {Kamenica, Emir and Gentzkow, Matthew},
	Doi = {10.1257/aer.101.6.2590},
	Eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Gentzkow {\&} Kamenica - 2011 - Bayesian Persuasion.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00028282},
	Issn = {00028282},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {2590--2615},
	Pmid = {10525498},
	Title = {{Bayesian Persuasion}},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.6.2590}}

@techreport{Cowley2006,
	Author = {Cowley, Philip and Stuart, Mark},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Iraq Opposition Day rebellion.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Revolts: research on Parliament},
	Pages = {1--5},
	Title = {{A defeat? On an Opposition Day?}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Watson1993,
	Abstract = {This paper demonstrates that equilibrium concepts are not required in game theory in order for players to establish significant reputations. The author Watson studies games in which a long-run player faces a sequence of short-run opponents. Like Fudenberg and Levine, he considers perturbations of the game involving the Stackelberg strategy. However, whereas Fudenberg and Levine focus on equilibria, Watson will only require that players "best-respond" to their beliefs. Whenever the conjectures of the short-run players are "generally comparable" or contained in a compact set, Watson obtains the same refinement as do Fudenberg and Levine, but without an equilibrium assumption. What is important for reputations is that the belief of the short-run agents not be too dispersed in a sense to be made precise. Players can thus establish meaningful reputations from within the loose confines of individual rationality.},
	Author = {Watson, Joel},
	Doi = {10.2307/2951784},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Watson - 1993 - Reputation as Refinement without Equilibrium.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0012-9682},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Keywords = {GAME theory},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {199--205},
	Title = {{A 'Reputation' Refinement Without Equilibrium}},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2951784}}

@techreport{Priddy2017,
	Author = {Priddy, Sarah},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Opposition Days Briefing.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {House of Commons Library},
	Number = {CBP06315:},
	Pages = {7},
	Title = {{Opposition Day debates since 1997}},
	Year = {2017}}

@article{Oliver1980,
	Abstract = {Positive and negative selective incentives are shown analytically to have different structural implications when used to induce collective action. Positive selective incentives are effective for motivating small numbers of cooperators and generate pressures toward smaller, more "elite" actions, unless the incentives have jointness of supply. Negative selective incentives are effective for motivating unanimous cooperation, but their use is often uneven and cyclical and may generate hostilities wlhich disrupt the cooperation they enforce. Examples of these dynamics are found in many arenas of collective action and social movements.},
	Author = {Oliver, Pamela},
	Doi = {10.1086/227168},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Oliver - 1980 - Rewards and Punishments in Collective Action.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00029602},
	Issn = {0002-9602},
	Journal = {American Journal of Sociology},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1356--1375},
	Title = {{Rewards and Punishments as Selective Incentives for Collective Cction: Theoretical Investigations}},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1980},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/227168}}

@article{Mookherjee1994,
	Author = {Mookherjee, Dilip and Png, I. P. L.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Mookherjee {\&} Png - 1994 - Marginal Deterrence in Enforcement.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1039--1066},
	Title = {{Marginal Deterrence in Enforcement of Law}},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Johnson1997,
	Author = {Johnson, Nevil},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00442.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Johnson - 1997 - Government and Opposition.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0017-257X},
	Journal = {Government and Opposition},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {487--510},
	Title = {{Opposition in the British Political System}},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00442.x}}

@book{Key1961,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Key, V.O.},
	Pages = {598},
	Publisher = {Alfred A. Knopf},
	Title = {{Public Opinion and American Democracy}},
	Year = {1961}}

@book{Wilde2013,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Wilde, Parke},
	Pages = {236},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Food Policy in the United States: An Introduction}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Mattes2015,
	Abstract = {This study examines the effect of changes in$\backslash$ndomestic sources of leader support and domestic$\backslash$npolitical institutions on patterns of UN voting. We$\backslash$nargue that foreign policy change is most likely when$\backslash$na new leader comes to power who relies on a$\backslash$ndifferent core set of societal interests for support$\backslash$nthan her predecessor. We also argue that the extent$\backslash$nto which foreign policy behavior changes with the$\backslash$ndomestic interests with access to power depends on$\backslash$ndomestic political institutions; democratic$\backslash$npolitical institutions should increase foreign$\backslash$npolicy consistency, even in areas of foreign policy$\backslash$nthat are considered to be primarily expressive. We$\backslash$ntest our hypotheses using a new measure of UN voting$\backslash$npatterns and new data on changes in leaders'$\backslash$ndomestic supporting coalitions. In the preliminary$\backslash$nanalysis presented here (which covers the years$\backslash$n1985- 2008), we find that democracies do experience$\backslash$nless change over time in UN voting patterns than$\backslash$nnon-democracies, but changes in a democratic$\backslash$nleader's base of societal support does lead to$\backslash$nincreased change in UN voting. Non-democracies$\backslash$nexhibit more change in UN voting overall, and in our$\backslash$npreliminary analysis, we do not find evidence of$\backslash$nlinkage to change in a leader's base of domestic$\backslash$nsupport within non-democracies.},
	Author = {Mattes, Michaela and Leeds, Brett Ashley and Carroll, Royce},
	Doi = {10.1111/isqu.12175},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Mattes, Leeds {\&} Carroll - 2015 - Leadership Change and Foreign Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {14682478},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {280--290},
	Title = {{Leadership Turnover and Foreign Policy Change: Societal Interests, Domestic Institutions, and Voting in the United Nations}},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12175}}

@article{Canes-Wrone2001a,
	Author = {Canes-Wrone, Brandice and Herron, Michael C. and Shotts, Kenneth W.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2669237},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Canes-Wrone, Herron {\&} Shotts - 2001 - Leadership and Pandering.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0092-5853},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {532--550},
	Title = {{Leadership and Pandering: A Theory of Executive Policymaking}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2669237}}

@unpublished{Grodecka2015,
	Author = {Grodecka, Anna and Kuralbayeva, Karlygash},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Grodecka {\&} Kuralbayeva - 2015 - Prices and Quanitities.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy},
	Number = {201},
	Pages = {29},
	Title = {{The Price vs Quantity Debate: Climate Policy and the Role of Business Cycles}},
	Year = {2015}}

@article{BuenoDeMesquita2010a,
	Abstract = {Nations elected to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) as temporary members have lower levels of economic growth, become less democratic, and expe-rience more restrictions on press freedoms than comparable nations not elected to the UNSC. Using regression and matching techniques the authors show, for instance, that over the two-year period of UNSC membership and the following two years during which a nation is ineligible for reelection, UNSC nations experience a 3.5 percent contraction in their economy relative to nations not elected to the UNSC. The detrimental effects of UNSC membership are strongest in nondemo-cratic nations. The authors contrast these results with the growing evidence that nations elected to the UNSC receive greater development assistance. Election to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) gives a country a two-year window during which it can help shape global security policy. Yet, while a term on the UNSC might bring prestige and international prominence (Hurd 2002), it is det-rimental to a nation's economic and political health. In this article, we compare the},
	Author = {{Bueno De Mesquita}, Bruce and Smith, Alastair},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002710371670},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Bueno de Mesquita {\&} Smith - 2010 - Pernicious Consequences of UNSC Membership.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Keywords = {International Organizations,United Nations Security Council,economic growth,foreign aid},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {667--686},
	Title = {{The Pernicious Consequences of UN Security Council Membership}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002710371670}}

@book{Baldwin2012,
	Abstract = {Used Ch. 7, ``Regulatory Strategies''},
	Address = {Oxford},
	Author = {Baldwin, Robert and Cave, Martin and Lodge, Martin},
	Edition = {2nd},
	Pages = {548},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Understanding Regulation: Theory, Strategy, and Practice}},
	Year = {2012}}

@unpublished{Bateman2009,
	Author = {Bateman, Joel},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Bateman - 2008 - Australia Opposition Studies.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Parliamentary Library},
	Isbn = {9780980655407},
	Pages = {74},
	Series = {Australian Parliamentary Fellow Monograph},
	Title = {{In the Shadows: the Shadow Cabinet in Australia}},
	Year = {2009}}

@incollection{Howell2004,
	Author = {Howell, William G.},
	Booktitle = {Leaving No Child Behind? Options for Kids in Failing Schools},
	Editor = {Hess, F. and Finn, C.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Howell - 2004 - Thundrous Clouds no rain.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {239--261},
	Publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	Title = {{Thundrous Clouds, No Rain: NCLB in Worcester, Massachusetts}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Dewatripont1999,
	Author = {Dewatripont, Mathias and Tirole, Jean},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Dewatripont {\&} Tirole - 1999 - Advocates.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--39},
	Title = {{Advocates}},
	Volume = {107},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Prato2016,
	Abstract = {Scholars have long deplored voters' lack of interest in politics and argued in favor of greater political engagement. We present a formal theory of elections where successful communication of campaign messages requires both effort by candidates and attention from voters. Voters' interest in politics affects their attention and impacts the effectiveness of the electoral process as a screening and disciplining device. In line with existing theories, there exists a curse of the uninterested voter: When voters have little interest in politics, the electoral process performs poorly, and voters' attention to politics is low. Surprisingly, we uncover a curse of the interested voter, by which the same happens when voters have a strong interest in politics. Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between voters' interest and attention, two notions often conflated in empirical studies. Moreover, policy interventions aimed at subsidizing the cost of acquiring political information can have unintended consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
	Author = {Prato, Carlo and Wolton, Stephane},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12223},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Prato {\&} Wolton - 2016 - Goldilocks.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15405907},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {726--737},
	Title = {{The Voters' Curses: Why We Need Goldilocks Voters}},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12223}}

@book{Lodge2012,
	Abstract = {Used pages 76-96},
	Author = {Lodge, Margin and Wegrich, Kai},
	Pages = {276},
	Publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	Title = {{Managing Regulation: Regulatory Analysis, Politics and Policy}},
	Year = {2012}}

@unpublished{Watson2016,
	Abstract = {This paper develops a general definition of perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE) for extensive-form games, based on a new formulation of consistency for the players' beliefs. The definition applies to all finite games as well as to infinite games with the appropriate measurability structure. The consistency notion, called plain consis- tency, operates in a familiar way that is convenient for applications: only limiting how a player's belief is updated on consecutive information sets. Plain consistency implies Fudenberg and Tirole's (1991) reasonableness condition in multistage games with observed actions, and the PBE concept implies subgame perfection. The paper also develops a stronger equilibrium concept called mutual PBE, in which the play- ers' beliefs are required to be derived from a single conditional probability system that satisfies Battigalli's (1996) independence property. Examples and some novel applications are presented to illustrate and compare PBE and mutual PBE with other equilibrium concepts in the literature. A key element of the approach taken herein is to express a player's belief at an information set as a probability distribution over strategy profiles},
	Author = {Watson, Joel},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Watson - 2016 - PBE with Infinite Actions.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {January},
	Pages = {1--34},
	Title = {{Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium: General Definitions and Illustrations}},
	Year = {2016}}

@book{Malcolm1980,
	Author = {Malcolm, Alexander},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Treatise of Music.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{Treatise of Music}},
	Year = {1980}}

@incollection{Gunningham2012,
	Abstract = {Used ch. 7},
	Address = {Oxford},
	Author = {Gunningham, Neil},
	Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Regulation},
	Chapter = {7},
	Editor = {Baldwin, Robert and Cave, Martin and Lodge, Martin},
	Pages = {680},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Enforcement and Compliance Strategies}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Dhaene2015,
	Abstract = {Maximum-likelihood estimation of nonlinear models with fixed effects is subject to the incidental-parameter problem. This typically implies that point estimates suffer from large bias and confidence intervals have poor coverage. This paper presents a jackknife method to reduce this bias and to obtain confidence intervals that are correctly centered under rectangular-array asymptotics. The method is explicitly designed to handle dynamics in the data, and yields estimators that are straightforward to implement and can be readily applied to a range of models and estimands.We provide distribution theory for estimators of model parameters and average effects, present validity tests for the jackknife, and consider extensions to higher-order bias correction and to two-step estimation problems. An empirical illustration relating to female labor-force participation is also provided.},
	Archiveprefix = {arXiv},
	Arxivid = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	Author = {Dhaene, Geert and Jochmans, Koen},
	Doi = {10.1093/restud/rdv007},
	Eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Dhaene {\&} Jochmans - 2015 - Split Panel Jackknife.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9788578110796},
	Issn = {1467937X},
	Journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
	Keywords = {Bias reduction,Dependent data,Incidental-parameter problem,Jackknife,Nonlinear model},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {991--1030},
	Pmid = {25246403},
	Title = {{Split-panel jackknife estimation of fixed-effect models}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdv007}}

@incollection{Arnold1993,
	Address = {Washington},
	Author = {Arnold, Douglas R.},
	Booktitle = {Congress Reconsidered},
	Chapter = {17},
	Edition = {5th},
	Editor = {Dodd, Lawrence C. and Oppenheimer, Bruce I.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Arnold - Cong Recons - Accountability from Challengers.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {401--416},
	Publisher = {CQ Press},
	Title = {{Can Inattentive Citizens Control Their Elected Representatives}},
	Year = {1993}}

@book{Heppell2012,
	Author = {Heppell, Timothy},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Heppell - 2012 - Leaders of the Opposition.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {273},
	Publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	Title = {{Leaders of the Opposition: From Churchill to Cameron}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Howell2017,
	Author = {Howell, William G. and Magazinnik, Asya},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Howell {\&} Magazinnik - 2017 - RttT.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
	Number = {forthcoming},
	Title = {{State Policymaking under Executive Federalism: Obama's Race to the Top Initiative}},
	Year = {2017}}

@unpublished{Pizer1997,
	Abstract = {Uncertainty about compliance costs causes otherwise equivalent price and quantity controls to behave differently. Price controls -- in the form of taxes -- fix the marginal cost of compliance and lead to uncertain levels of compliance. Meanwhile quantity controls -- in the form of tradable permits or quotas -- fix the level of compliance but result in uncertain marginal costs. This fundamental difference in the face of cost uncertainty leads to different welfare outcomes for the two policy instruments. Seminal work by Weitzman (1974) clarified this point and derived theoretical conditions under which one policy is preferred to the other. This paper applies this principal to the issue of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) control, using a global integrated climate economy model to simulate the consequences of uncertainty and to compare the efficiency of taxes and permits empirically. The results indicate that an optimal tax policy generates gains which are five times higher than the optimal permit policy -- a {\$}337 billion dollar gain versus {\$}69 billion at the global level. This result follows from Weitzman's original intuition that relatively flat marginal benefits/damages favor taxes, a feature that drops out of standard assumptions about the nature of climate damages. A hybrid policy, suggested by Roberts and Spence (1976), is also explored. Such a policy uses an initial distribution of tradeable permits to set a target emission level, but then allows additional permits to be purchased at a fixed ``trigger'' price. The optimal hybrid policy leads to welfare benefits only slightly higher than the optimal tax policy. Relative to the tax policy, however, the hybrid preserves the ability to flexibly distribute the rents associated with the right to emit. Perhaps more importantly for policy discussions, a sub-optimal hybrid policy, based on a stringent target and high trigger price (e.g., 1990 emissions and a {\$}100/tC trigger), generates much better welfare outcomes than a straight permit system with the same target. Both of these features suggest that a hybrid policy is a more attractive alternative to either a straight tax or permit system.},
	Author = {Pizer, William a},
	Booktitle = {Resources for the Future},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Pizer - 1997 - Climate Change Revisited.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {2029393460},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {48},
	Title = {{Prices vs. Quantities Revisited: The Case of Climate Change}},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Just2013,
	Abstract = {There is growing interest in the situations in which incentives have a significant effect on positive behaviors, particularly in children. Using a randomized field experiment, we find that incentives increase the fraction of children eating a serving of fruits or vegetables during lunch by 80 percent and reduce the amount of waste by 33 percent. At schools with a larger fraction of low-income children, the increase in the fraction of children who eat a serving of fruits or vegetables is even larger, indicating that incentives successfully target the children who are likely to benefit the most from the increased consumption.},
	Author = {Just, David R. and Price, Joseph},
	Doi = {10.1353/jhr.2013.0029},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Just {\&} Price - 2013 - Incentives for Healthy Eating in Children.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-166X},
	Journal = {Journal of Human Resources},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {855--872},
	Title = {{Using Incentives to Encourage Healthy Eating in Children}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhr.2013.0029}}

@article{Oates1999,
	Abstract = {This paper is a selective survey of fiscal federalism. It begins with a brief review and some reflections on the traditional theory of fiscal federalism: the assignment of functions to levels of government, the welfare gains from fiscal decentralization, and the use of fiscal instruments. It then explores a series of important topics that are the subject of current research: laboratory federalism, interjurisdictional competition and environmental federalism, the political economy of fiscal federalism, market-preserving federalism, and fiscal decentralization in the developing and transitional economies.},
	Archiveprefix = {arXiv},
	Arxivid = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	Author = {Oates, Wallace E.},
	Doi = {10.1257/jel.37.3.1120},
	Eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Oates - 1999 - An Essay on Fiscal Federalism.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022-0515},
	Issn = {0022-0515},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {1120--1149},
	Pmid = {17746758},
	Title = {{An Essay on Fiscal Federalism}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.37.3.1120}}

@article{List2017,
	Abstract = {Almost a third of US children ages two to nineteen are deemed overweight or obese, and part of the problem is the habitual decision to consume high-calorie, low-nutrient foods. We propose that the school lunchroom provides a ``teachable moment'' to engage children in making healthful choices. We conduct a field experiment with over 1,500 participants in grades K to 8 from low-income households in the Chicago Heights, Illinois, School District and then evaluate the impact of small nonmonetary incentives on the selection of milk in the school lunchroom. At baseline, only 16 percent of children select white milk relative to 84 percent choosing chocolate milk. We find a significant effect of incentives, which increase white milk selection by 2.5 times, to 40 percent. One concern with incentives is that they may decrease intrinsic motivation to eat healthy, called ``crowd-out of intrinsic motivation.'' However, we do not find evidence of ``crowd-out''; rather, we see some suggestive evidence of the positive habit forming effect of incentives.},
	Author = {List, John A. and Samek, Anya},
	Doi = {10.1177/1091142115602061},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/List {\&} Samek - 2017 - MILK.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1091-1421},
	Journal = {Public Finance Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {44--67},
	Title = {{A Field Experiment on the Impact of Incentives on Milk Choice in the Lunchroom}},
	Url = {http://pfr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/45/1/44},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2017},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pfr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/45/1/44},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142115602061}}

@article{Heclo1975,
	Author = {Heclo, Hugh},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Heclo - ? - Going Native.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Public Interest},
	Number = {38},
	Pages = {80--98},
	Title = {{OMB and the Presidency: The Problem of 'Neutral Competence'}},
	Year = {1975}}

@article{Myerson,
	Abstract = {Guided by several key examples, we formulate a definition of co-sequential equilibrium for multi-stage games with infinite type sets and infinite action sets, and we prove its general existence.},
	Author = {Myerson, Roger B. and Reny, Philip J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Myerson {\&} Reny - 2016 - Sequential Equilibrium.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{Sequential Equilibria of Multi-Stage Games with Infinite Sets of Types and Actions}}}

@incollection{Dunn1999,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Dunn, John},
	Booktitle = {Democracy, Accountability, and Representation},
	Chapter = {11},
	Editor = {Przeworski, Adam and Stokes, Susan C. and Manin, Bernard},
	Pages = {329--344},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Situating Democratic Political Accountability}},
	Year = {1999}}

@misc{Sherman2014,
	Author = {Sherman, Jake},
	Booktitle = {Politico},
	Pages = {accessed online},
	Title = {{How to blow an easy GOP win}},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{GonzalezAbril2010,
	Abstract = {In this paper, several identities concerning expectation, variance, covariance, cumulative distribution functions, the coefficient of variation, and the Lorenz curve are obtained and they are used in establishing theoretical results. Furthermore, a graphical representation of the variance is proposed which, together with the aforementioned identities, enables the square of the coefficient of variation to be considered as an equality measure in the same way as is the Gini index. A study of the similarities between the theoretical expression of the Gini index and the square of the coefficient of variation is also carried out in this paper.},
	Author = {{Gonz{\'{a}}lez Abril}, Luis and {Velasco Morente}, Francisco and {Gavil{\'{a}}n Ruiz}, Jo{\'{s}}e Manuel and {S{\'{a}}nchez-Reyes Fern{\'{a}}ndez}, Luis Mar{\'{i}}a},
	Doi = {10.1007/s003550050139},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Abril et al - 2010 - Gini and CV.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/dcart?info=link{\&}codigo=3343007{\&}orden=275109},
	Issn = {1886516X},
	Journal = {Revista de Metodos Cuantitativos para la Economia y la Empresa},
	Keywords = {Concentration measures,Cumulative distribution function,Lorenz curve,Mean difference},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {5--18},
	Pmid = {15154692},
	Title = {{Similitud entre el cuadrado del coeficiente de variaci{\'{o}}n y el {\'{i}}ndice de Gini en una variable aleatoria general}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003550050139}}

@article{Dixit2016,
	Author = {Dixit, Avinash and Grossman, Gene M. and Gul, Faruk},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Dixit, Grossman {\&} Gul - 2000 - Dynamics of Political Compromise.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {531--568},
	Title = {{The Dynamics of Political Compromise}},
	Volume = {108},
	Year = {2016}}

@misc{Alvarez1996,
	Abstract = {This study presents a classification of political regimes as democracies and dictatorships for a set of 141 countries between 1950 or the year of independence and 1990. It improves existing classifications by a better grounding in political theory, an exclusive reliance on observables rather than on subjective judgements, an explicit distinction between systematic and random errors, and a more extensive coverage.},
	Author = {Alvarez, Mike and Cheibub, Jos{\'{e}} A. and Limongi, Fernando and Przeworski, Adam},
	Booktitle = {Studies in Comparative International Development},
	Doi = {Doi 10.1007/Bf02719326},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Alvarez et al. - 1996 - Classifying Political Regimes.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0039-3606},
	Issn = {0039-3606},
	Keywords = {democracy,equality},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {3--36},
	Title = {{Classifying Political Regimes}},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/Bf02719326}}

@article{Benhabib2006,
	Abstract = {We ask what redistributions of income and assets are feasible in a democracy, given the initial assets and their distribution. The question is motivated by the possibility that if redistribution is insufficient for the poor or excessive for the rich, they may turn against democracy. In turn, if no redistribution simultaneously satisfies the poor and the wealthy, democracy cannot be sustained. Hence, the corollary question concerns the conditions under which democracy is sustainable. We find that democracies survive in wealthy societies. Conditional on the initial income distribution and the capacity of the poor and the wealthy to overthrow democracy, each country has a threshold of capital stock above which democracy survives. This threshold is lower when the distribution of initial endowments is more equal and when the revolutionary prowess of these groups is lower. Yet in poor unequal countries there exist no redistribution scheme which would be accepted both by the poor and the wealthy. Hence, democracy cannot survive. As endowments increase, redistribution schemes that satisfy both the poor and the wealthy emerge. Moreover, as capital stock grows the wealthy tolerate more and the poor less redistribution, so that the set of feasible redistributions becomes larger. Since the median voter prefers one such scheme to the dictatorship of either group, democracy survives.},
	Author = {Benhabib, Jess and Przeworski, Adam},
	Doi = {10.1007/s00199-005-0002-5},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Benhabib {\&} Przeworski - 2006 - PE of Redistribution and Inequality.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0938-2259},
	Issn = {09382259},
	Journal = {Economic Theory},
	Keywords = {Democracy,Dictatorship,Redistribution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {271--290},
	Title = {{The political economy of redistribution under democracy}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00199-005-0002-5}}

@article{Lau2009,
	Author = {Lau, Richard R. and Rovner, Ivy Brown},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.071905.101448},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Lau {\&} Rovner - 2009 - Negative Campaigning.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {attack advertising,demobilization,meta-analysis,negativity},
	Number = {12},
	Pages = {285--306},
	Title = {{Negative Campaigning}},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.071905.101448}}

@book{Volden2014,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Volden, Craig and Wiseman, Alan E.},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Legislator Effectiveness in the United States Congress: The Lawmakers}},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{Callendar2016,
	Author = {Callendar, Steve and Martin, Gregory J.},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12258},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Downloads/Callander{\_}et{\_}al-2016-American{\_}Journal{\_}of{\_}Political{\_}Science.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {0},
	Pages = {1--18},
	Title = {{Dynamic Policymaking with Decay}},
	Volume = {00},
	Year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12258}}

@incollection{Aragon2016,
	Address = {Switzerland},
	Author = {Aragon, Grisel Ayllon},
	Booktitle = {Trends in Mathematical Economics},
	Chapter = {2},
	Doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-32543-9},
	Editor = {et Al., A.A. Pinto},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Aragon - 2016 - Review of Negative Campaigning.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9783319325439},
	Keywords = {campaigns,credi-,incentives,incentives campaigns,negative campaign,negative messages,political economy,positive messages,probabilistic models,probabilistic voting,spatial,spatial competition,voting},
	Pages = {35--42},
	Publisher = {Springer International Publishing Switzerland},
	Title = {{A Review in Campaigns: Going Positive and Negative}},
	Year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32543-9}}

@article{Eggers2016,
	Author = {Eggers, Andrew and Freier, Ronny and Grembi, Veronica and Nannicini, Tommaso},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Eggers et al - 2015 - RDD with Population Thresholds.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {difference-in-discontinuities,population thresholds,regression discontinuity design},
	Number = {forthcoming},
	Title = {{Regression Discontinuity Designs Based on Population Thresholds: Pitfalls and Solutions.}},
	Year = {2016}}

@article{Berry2016,
	Author = {Berry, Christopher R. and Fowler, Anthony},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12192},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Berry{\&} Fowler - 2016 - Cardinals or Clerics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {692--708},
	Title = {{Cardinals or Clerics? Congressional Committees and the Distribution of Pork}},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12192}}

@article{Krasa2014,
	Abstract = {Many observers argue that political polarization, particularly on social and cultural issues, has increased in the United States. How does this influence the political competition on economic issues? We analyze this question using a framework in which two officemotivated candidates differ in their fixed ideological position and choose a level of government spending to maximize their vote share. In equilibrium, candidates cater to a set of swing voters who contain socially conservative and economically-liberal voters, as well as socially-liberal and economically-conservative voters. We analyze how voters' cultural preferences and candidates' cultural positions influence equilibrium economic positions. (JEL D72, E62, H50, Z13)},
	Author = {Krasa, Stefan and Polborn, Mattias},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Krasa {\&} Polborn - 2014 - Social Ideology and Taxes in a Differentiated Candidates Framework.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {308--322},
	Title = {{Social Ideology and Taxes in a Differentiated Candidates Framework}},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{Soubeyran2009,
	Author = {Soubeyran, Rapha{\"{e}}l},
	Doi = {10.1007/s00355-008-0326-8},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Soubeyran - 2008 - Negative Campaigning and Voter TUrnout.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Social Choice and Welfare},
	Number = {32},
	Pages = {337--353},
	Title = {{Contest with attack and defense: does negative campaigning increase or decrease voter turnout?}},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-008-0326-8}}

@article{Jeong2009,
	Author = {Jeong, Gyung-ho and Miller, Gary J. and Sened, Itai},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055409990189},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Bianco et al - 2009 - Civil Rights UCS.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {588--606},
	Title = {{Closing the Deal: Negotiating Civil Rights Legislation}},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990189}}

@article{Skaperdas1995,
	Author = {Skaperdas, Stergios and Grofman, Bernard},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Skaperdas {\&} Grofman - 1995 - Modeling Negative Campaigning.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {49--61},
	Title = {{Modeling Negative Campaigning}},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Aragones2015,
	Abstract = {Politics must addressmultiple problems simultaneously. In an ideal world, political competition would force parties to adopt priorities that reflect the voters' true concerns. In reality, parties can run their campaigns in such a way as to manipulate voters' priorities. This phenomenon, known as priming, may allow parties to underinvest in solving the issues that they intend to mute. We develop a model of endogenous issue ownership in which two vote-seeking parties (a) invest in policy quality to increase the value of their platform and (b) choose a communication strategy to prime voters. We identify novel feedback between communication and investment. In particular, we find that stronger priming effects can constrain parties to invest more resources in all issues. We also identify the conditions under which parties prefer to focus on their ``historical issues'' or to engage in ``issue stealing.''},
	Author = {Aragon{\`{e}}s, Enriqueta and Castanheira, Micael and Giani, Marco},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12120},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Aragones - 2015 - Electoral Competition through Issue Selection.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15405907},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {71--90},
	Title = {{Electoral competition through issue selection}},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12120}}

@article{Galeotti2013,
	Author = {Galeotti, Andrea and Ghiglino, Christian and Squintani, Francesco},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jet.2013.04.016},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Galeotti, Ghiglini {\&} Squintini - 2013 - Strategic Information Transmission Networks.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0531},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
	Keywords = {cheap talk,multi-agent communication,networks,organizations,strategic communication},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1751--1769},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
	Title = {{Strategic information transmission networks ✩}},
	Volume = {148},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2013.04.016}}

@article{Dragu2013,
	Author = {Dragu, Tiberiu and Polborn, Mattias},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002238161300100X},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Dragu {\&} Polborn - 2013 - Administrative Foundation of the Rule of Law.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1038--1050},
	Title = {{The Administrative Foundation of the Rule of Law}},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002238161300100X}}

@article{Alexander2016,
	Author = {Alexander, Dan and Berry, Christopher R. and Howell, William G.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Alexander et al - 2016 - Distributive Politics and Legislator Ideology.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {214--231},
	Title = {{Distributive Politics and Legislator Ideology}},
	Volume = {78},
	Year = {2016}}

@article{Skaperdas1996,
	Author = {Skaperdas, Stergios},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Skaperdas - 1996 - Contest Success Functions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
	Pages = {283--290},
	Title = {{Contest Success Functions}},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{DeGeest2013,
	Author = {{De Geest}, Gerrit and Dari-Mattiacci, Giuseppe},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Chicago Law Review - 2013 - Rise of Carrots, Decline of Sticks.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The University of Chicago Law Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {341--393},
	Title = {{The Rise of Carrots and the Decline of Sticks}},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Messner2004,
	Abstract = {We consider a society that has to elect an official who provides a public service for the citizens. Potential candidates differ in their competence and every potential candidate has private information about his opportunity cost to perform the task of the elected official. We develop a new citizen candidate model with a unique equilibrium to analyze citizens' candidature decisions. Under some weak additional assumptions, bad candidates run with a higher probability than good ones, and for unattractive positions, good candidates free-ride on bad ones. We also analyze the comparative static effects of wage increases and cost of running on the potential candidates' entry decisions. ?? 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	Author = {Messner, Matthias and Polborn, Mattias K.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.01.004},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Messner {\&} Polborn - 2004 - Paying Politicians.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00472727},
	Issn = {00472727},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Keywords = {Citizen-candidate model,Political economy,Private provision of public goods,Wage for politicians},
	Number = {12},
	Pages = {2423--2445},
	Title = {{Paying politicians}},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.01.004}}

@article{Feddersen2006,
	Author = {Feddersen, Timothy J. and Sandroni, Alvaro},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Fedderson {\&} Sandroni - 2006 - A Theory of Participation in Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1271--1282},
	Title = {{A Theory of Participation in Elections}},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Wiseman2006,
	Author = {Wiseman, A. E.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0951629806061858},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Wiseman - 2006 - Partisan Support and Entry Deterence.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0951-6298},
	Journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
	Keywords = {campaign platforms,elections,entry deterrence,ideal,parties,points,valence model},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {123--158},
	Title = {{A Theory of Partisan Support and Entry Deterrence in Electoral Competition}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629806061858}}

@article{Krasa2009,
	Abstract = {We investigate the welfare effects of policies that increase voter turnout in costly voting models. In a generalized costly voting model, we show that if the electorate is sufficiently large, then increasing voter turnout is generically efficient. Increasing turnout in small elections is only inefficient if the electorate is evenly divided or if there is already almost complete voter participation. Finally, we argue that the effects underlying our results are robust in a large class of endogenous participation models. ?? 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	Author = {Krasa, Stefan and Polborn, Mattias K.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.geb.2008.05.004},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Krasa {\&} Polborn - 2009 - Mandatory vs voluntary voting.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {08998256},
	Journal = {Games and Economic Behavior},
	Keywords = {Compulsory voting,Costly voting,Externalities,Mandatory voting},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {275--291},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
	Title = {{Is mandatory voting better than voluntary voting?}},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2008.05.004},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2008.05.004}}

@article{Polborn2006,
	Abstract = {This paper develops a theoretical model of informative campaigning, both positive and neg- ative. We argue that some information on a candidate can be transmitted more efficiently by his opponents and that negative campaigning, on average, facilitates a more informed choice by the electorate. In our model, voters have incomplete information about candidates' qualities. Each candi- date can either lead a positive campaign, defined as issue-focused, indicating his high quality, or a negative campaign, defined as revealing detrimental information about his competitor. Vot- ers receive the information that candidates choose to reveal and rationally update their beliefs about the remaining issues. We derive the equilibrium behavior of candidates in this framework and compare it to stylized facts of negative campaigning reported in the empirical literature.},
	Author = {Polborn, Mattias K and Yi, David T},
	Doi = {10.1561/100.00000013},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Polborn {\&} Yi - 2006 - Informative Positive and Negative Campaigning.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1554-0626},
	Issn = {15540634},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {elections,information,negative campaigning,political campaigns},
	Pages = {351--371},
	Title = {{Informative positive and negative campaigning}},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00000013}}

@article{Krasa2010,
	Abstract = {Opposing candidates for a political office often differ in their professional backgrounds and previous political experience, leading to both real and perceived differences in political capabilities. We analyze a formal model in which candidates with different productivities in two policy areas compete for voters by choosing how much money or effort they would allocate to each area if elected. The model has a unique equilibrium that differs substantially from the standard median voter model. Although candidates compete for the support of a moderate voter type, this cutoff voter differs from the expected median voter. Moreover, no voter type except the cutoff voter is indifferent between the candidates in equilibrium. The model also predicts that candidates respond to changes in the preferences of voters in a very rigid way. From a welfare perspective, candidates are ``excessively moderate'': almost certainly, a majority of voters would prefer that the winning candidate focus more on his or her strength.},
	Author = {Krasa, Stefan and Polborn, Mattias},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055410000468},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Krasa {\&} Polborn - 2010 - Competition Between Specialized Candidates.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0003-0554},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {CESifo Working Paper no. 2930$\backslash$r$\backslash$nissue ownership,di},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {745--765},
	Title = {{Competition between Specialized Candidates}},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000468}}

@article{Dragu2014,
	Author = {Dragu, Tiberiu and Polborn, Mattias},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Dragu {\&} Polborn - 2014 - Rule of Law and Fight Against Terrorism.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {264--278},
	Title = {{The Rule of Law and the Fight against Terrorism}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.}}

@article{Volden2007,
	Abstract = {We develop a bargaining model in which a legislature divides a budget among particularistic and collective goods. By incorporating both private and public goods in a unified model, we uncover nonmonotonic relationships between legislative preferences for collective spending and the amount of the budget actually allocated to collective goods. Put simply, policy proposers can exploit coalition partners ' strong preferences for public goods to actually provide fewer public goods in equilibrium while directing more private goods to themselves. These results explain why policy reforms to limit special interest spending often fail. This unified model also sheds new light on when legislatures prefer open or closed amendment rules and when coalitions take different sizes and shapes.},
	Author = {Volden, C and Wiseman, A E},
	Doi = {10.1017/s0003055407070037},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Volden {\&} Wiseman - 2007 - Bargaining in Legislatures.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0003-0554},
	Issn = {00030554 (ISSN)},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {79--92},
	Title = {{Bargaining in legislatures over particularistic and collective goods}},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055407070037}}

@article{Kendall2010,
	Abstract = {Abstract  I model the media's role in transmitting information to voters in a strategic framework. Media outlets in which commentators speak primarily to voters of like type face strong incentives to reveal private information about political choices truthfully, while ``mainstream'' outlets observed by all types of voters face mixed incentives. Also, the number of preference-matched news outlets determines the informativeness of the mainstream media; a general increase in the number of news outlets does not necessarily improve the quality of information conveyed by the media. The model also rationalizes why commentators of a single political preference predominate in the mainstream media.},
	Author = {Kendall, Todd D},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-009-9481-4},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Kendall - 2010 - Strategic Political Commentary.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00485829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {Cheap talk,Media,Media bias,Political communication},
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {151--175},
	Title = {{Strategic political commentary}},
	Volume = {142},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9481-4}}

@article{Wiseman2005,
	Author = {Wiseman, A. E.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0951629805056898},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Wiseman - 2005 - Dynamics of Political Compromise.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0951-6298},
	Journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
	Keywords = {and the production of,bargaining,chronically understudied topic in,committees,existing scholarship has either,generally ignored the role,legislative organization,literature,of the,parties,parties in legislative organization,policy outputs is a,the american politics,the role of minority},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {497--514},
	Title = {{Investigating the Dynamics of Political Compromise}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629805056898}}

@article{Hall2015,
	Abstract = {This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to estimate the degree to which in- cumbents scare off ``high-quality'' challengers, where quality is measured by previous officeholder experience. The estimates indicate a surprisingly small amount of scare- off, at least in cases where the previous election was nearly tied. As Lee (2008) and others have shown (and as we confirm for our samples) the estimated party incum- bency advantage in these same cases is quite large -- in fact, it is about as large as the average incumbency advantage for all races found using other approaches. Drawing from previous estimates of the electoral value of candidate quality, we thus calculate that scare-off in these cases accounts for only about 5-7{\%} of the party incumbency advantage. We show that these patterns are similar in elections for U.S. House seats, statewide offices and U.S. senate seats, and state legislative seats},
	Author = {Hall, Andrew B. and Snyder, James M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/psrm.2014.43},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Hall {\&} Snyder - 2015 - Scareoff.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {2049-8470},
	Journal = {Political Science Research and Methods},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {493--514},
	Title = {{How Much of the Incumbency Advantage is Due to Scare-Off?}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2014.43}}

@article{Jacobson1989,
	Abstract = {Analysis of both district-level and aggregate time-series data from postwar House elections supports the thesis that strategic political elites play a pivotal role in translating national conditions into election results and therefore in holding members of Congress collectively accountable for the government's performance. More high-quality candidates run when prospects appear to favor their party; they also win significantly more votes and victories than other candidates in equivalent circumstances. Thus, strategic career decisions both reflect and enhance national partisan tides. The electoral importance of strategic politicians has grown over time in tandem with the trend toward candidate-centered electoral politics. This has rendered the effects of national forces less automatic, more contingent, thus threatening the capacity of elections to enforce some degree of collective responsibility.},
	Author = {Jacobson, Gary C.},
	Doi = {10.2307/1962060},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Jacobson - 1989 - Strategic politicians and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00030554},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {773--793},
	Title = {{Strategic Politicians and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections, 1946-86}},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962060}}

@article{Cox1996,
	Author = {Cox, Gary W. and Katz, Jonathan N.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Cox {\&} Katz - 1996 - Why did the incumbency advantage grow?.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {478--497},
	Title = {{Why Did the Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House Elections Grow?}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Ferejohn1986,
	Author = {Ferejohn, John A.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Ferejohn - 1986 - Incumbent Perofrmance and Electoral Control.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {5--25},
	Title = {{Incumbent Performance and Electoral Control}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1986}}

@article{Besley1997,
	Abstract = {This paper develops an approach to the study of democratic policy-making where politicians are selected by the people from those citizens who present them-selves as candidates for public office. The approach has a number of attractive features. First, it is a conceptualization of a pure form of representative democ- racy in which government is by, as well as of the people. Second, the model is analytically tractable, being able to handle multidimensional issue and policy spaces very naturally. Third, it provides a vehicle for answering normative ques- tions about the performance of representative democracy.},
	Author = {Besley, Timothy and Coate, Stephen},
	Doi = {10.1162/003355397555136},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Besley and Coate - 1997 - An Economic Model of Representative Democracy.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0033553315314650},
	Issn = {0033-5533},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {85--114},
	Title = {{An Economic Model of Representative Democracy}},
	Volume = {112},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003355397555136}}

@article{Canon1993,
	Abstract = {-distinguishes between ambitious and experience seeking candidates -ambitous candidates repsond to favorable district and national conditions in their decision to run -experience seeking amateurs do not},
	Author = {Canon, David T.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2111546},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Canon - 1993 - Sacrificial Lambs or Strategic Politicians.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00925853},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {american politics congress candidate quality},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1119--1141},
	Title = {{Sacrificial Lambs or Strategic Politicians? Political Amateurs in U.S. House Elections}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2111546}}

@article{Fowler2016,
	Abstract = {Does American political representation work as predicted by theory? On average, political candidates diverge considerably in their ideological positioning, but do they diverge less on issues of particular salience to their local constituents? We combine data on Congressional roll call votes, electoral outcomes, district demographics, and substantive information about bills to search for convergence in the places we would most expect to find it. Despite the predictions of prominent models, legislators diverge just as much even when their constituents have strong interests in a particular policy area. These results provide new insights into policymaking and political representation, and they help distinguish between different theoretical explanations for why candidate positions diverge.},
	Author = {Fowler, Anthony and Hall, Andrew B.},
	Doi = {10.1561/100.00015082},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Fowler {\&} Hall - 2016 - Elusive Quest for Convergence.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15540634},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {alisa batey,and,ashworth,authors contributed equally,bob,chris berry,david broockman,elections,gloria chao,hall,jesse shapiro,jim snyder,josh clinton,justin grimmer,legislatures,max palmer,pablo montagnes,political representation,the authors thank scott,zac peskowitz},
	Number = {February},
	Pages = {1--34},
	Title = {{The Elusive Quest for Convergence}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00015082}}

@article{Krasno1988,
	Author = {Krasno, Jonathan S. and Green, Donald P.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Krasno {\&} Green - 1988 - Preempting Quality Challengers in House Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {920--936},
	Title = {{Preempting Quality Challengers in House Elections}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Abramowitz1991,
	Abstract = {The 1986 and 1988 U.S. House elections set all-time records for reelection of incumbents. This paper proposes and tests a comprehensive model of House election outcomes and uses this model to explain competition for House seats. The results indicate that the extraordinarily low level of competition in recent House elections is directly attributable to two trends which affected these elections during the 1980s; the increasing cost of House campaigns and the de- clining ability of House challengers to raise campaign fu.ads. After controlling for inflation, a dollar of campaign spending in 1984 or 1986 yielded a much lower rate of electoral return for House challengers than a dollar of campaign spending in 1974 or 1976. In addition, between 1980 and 1988, average spending by House challengers declined by more than 30{\%} in real dol- lars. Public financing of campaigns could increase competition for House seats, but only if a very high level of funding was provided.},
	Author = {Abramowitz, Alan},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00371.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Abramowitz - 1991 - Incumbency, Campaign Spending, Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1468-2508},
	Issn = {00223816},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {34--56},
	Title = {{Incumbency, Campaign Spending, and the Decline of Competition in U.S. House Elections}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1991},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00371.x}}

@article{Moore1998,
	Abstract = {Previous research on the motivations for voluntary departures from Congress has often focused on individual events, such as the check-writing scandal, on individual election years, such as 1974 or 1992, or has degenerated into a debate over whether or not members quit because the job is "no longer any fun." In this paper we use a dataset on House careers in the last half of the twentieth cen- tury and a synthetic theory to demonstrate that Congress is not universally "no fun," but rather that there are certain situations that lead some members to be less satisfied than others with congressional service. This notion fits well with the data and makes more sense than attempting to conclude whether Congress either is or is not fun. In the process, we show that members who are not achiev- ing their goals are more likely than others to depart voluntarily from the U.S. House.},
	Author = {Moore, Michael K. and Hibbing, John R.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2647732},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Moore {\&} Hibbing - 1998 - Situational Dissatisfaction and Retirement.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1088--1107},
	Title = {{Situational Dissatisfaction in Congress: Explaining Voluntary Departures}},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2647732}}

@article{Kiewiet1993,
	Abstract = {Most previous research on congressional career decisions has focused on one of two binary choices---between retiring and running for reelection, or between running for reelection and seeking higher office. But most of the time, representatives face all three choices simultaneously. Employing a ``mother logit'' model, we estimate the effects of relevant variables both on pairwise comparisons (conditional probabilities) and on the unconditional probabilities of choosing each one of these three alternatives. Probably most intriguing is our finding that a member's age has little or no effect upon the unconditional probability of running for reelection. The interrelatedness of career options is seen particularly clearly in the case of incumbents who had been redistricted out of their seats. When they had an opportunity to run for higher office, they were likely to take it. Only when they lacked such an opportunity were they more likely than other members to opt for retirement.},
	Author = {Kiewiet, D. Roderick and Zeng, Langche},
	Doi = {doi:10.2307/2938824},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Kiewet {\&} Zeng - 1993 - An Analysis of Congressional Career Decisions.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1537-5943},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {928--941},
	Title = {{An Analysis of Congressional Career Decisions, 1947--1986}},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2938824}}

@article{Moore1992,
	Author = {Moore, Michael K. and Hibbing, John R.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Moore {\&} Hibbing - 1992 - Is serving in Congress fun again?.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {824--828},
	Title = {{Is Serving in Congress Fun Again? Voluntary Retirements from the House since the 1970s}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{Rohde1979,
	Abstract = {age influences political ambition},
	Author = {Rohde, David W.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2110769},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Rohde - 1979 - Risk-Bearing and Progressive Ambition.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0092-5853},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political SciencePolitical Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--26},
	Title = {{Risk-Bearing and Progressive Ambition: The Case of Members of the United States House of Representatives}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1979},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2110769}}

@article{Stone2004,
	Abstract = {Competitive elections are essential to representative democracy. Competition in U.S. House elections is low in part because incumbents have strategic advantages that deter strong potential candidates from running. Many observers conclude that incumbents retain their seats without full accountability to the electorate, but the mechanisms of deterrence have never been fully explored from the perspective of strong potential candidates. Based on a survey of potential House candidates designed to capture perceptions of incumbents' personal quality and reelection prospects, we find strong evidence for the 'strategic politicians' thesis (Black 1972; Jacobson and Kernell 1983). We extend the logic of the strategic model first by showing that incumbents' reelection prospects are affected by their personal quality and second by demonstrating that incumbents' personal qualities deter strong challengers from running, independent of their electoral prospects. Our findings prompt us to suggest revisions to our understanding of competition and representation in contemporary House elections. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers},
	Author = {Stone, Walter J. and Maisel, L. Sandy and Maestas, Cherie D.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00082.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Stone, Maisel {\&} Maestas - 2004 - Quality Counts.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00925853},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {479--495},
	Title = {{Quality counts: Extending the strategic politician model of incumbent deterrence}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00082.x}}

@article{Banks1989,
	Author = {Banks, Jeffrey S. and Kiewiet, D. Roderick},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Banks {\&} Kiewet - 1989 - Explaining Patterns of Candidate Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {997--1015},
	Title = {{Explaining Patterns of Candidate Competition in Congressional Elections}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{DeGorter2008,
	Abstract = {A general theory of cross-subsidization due to inframarginal support is developed. Two sources of output distortion are identified: exit deterrence and extramarginal output. Some firms would not be in business without the subsidy. Cost savings due to declining average costs are always greater than the losses incurred where price equals marginal cost. Moreover, it is theoretically possible for inframarginal subsidies to expand output more than equivalent fully coupled subsidies. Empirical analysis of U.S. dairy subsidies isolates these components of cross-subsidization and finds distortions from inframarginal support to be substantial, with implications for trade negotiations, dispute settlement, and policy formulation.},
	Author = {de Gorter, Harry and Just, David R. and Kropp, Jaclyn D.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01044.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Gorter, Just {\&} Kropp - 2008 - Cross-Subsidization in Agriculture.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00029092},
	Journal = {American Journal of Agricultural Economics},
	Keywords = {Cross-subsidization,Dispute settlement,Export subsidies,Firm exit,Inframarginal subsidies,Trade distortion,WTO},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {42--54},
	Title = {{Cross-subsidization due to inframarginal support in agriculture: A general theory and empirical evidence}},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01044.x}}

@article{Faulhaber1975,
	Abstract = {This article analyzes the issues of cross-subsidization in public enterprises with economies of joint production. The problem of pricing commodities produced in the presence of common costs by a publicly owned or regulated enterprise continues to be of great practical interest to regulators and policy makers. It has generated a rich literature in the fields of public finance and public utility regulation, dating back to the 188O's. A paradigm best serves to illustrate the problem: a profit-regulated railroad which interconnects two large cities also provides rail service to a smaller town located on the route between the two cities. The fares charged for passage from the small town are sufficient to generate revenues in excess of the additional costs of serving it, such as ticketing and station costs, but not sufficient to cover an equal or proportionate (however defined) share of the common costs, such as trackage, signaling, and trainyard costs.},
	Author = {Faulhaber, Gerald R},
	Doi = {10.2307/1806633},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Faulhaber - 1975 - Cross-Subsidization in Public Enterprises.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0002-8282},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {966--977},
	Title = {{Cross-Subsidization: Pricing in Public Enterprises}},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {1975},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1806633}}

@article{Sheehan1991,
	Abstract = {This article presents a response to the issues raised by Klaus Becker in the article Why Ramsey Pricing is Wrong: The Case of Telecommunications Regulation. The first of these arises out of a lack of precision in the author's introductory paragraph where he stated that under Ramsey Pricing those classes with inelastic demands would bear the largest share of costs, while those classes with more elastic demands would be assigned a smaller share. With respect to the second point, the author argued that price discrimination based on Ramsey Pricing would allow the telecommunications holding companies to use monopoly rents from customer classes with inelastic demands to subsidize preferred customers with more elastic demands to the injury of both captive customers and competitors.},
	Author = {Sheehan, Michael F.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Steehan - 1991 - Ramsey Pricing and Cross-Subsidization.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00213624},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Issues (Association for Evolutionary Economics)},
	Keywords = {BECKER,ELASTICITY (Economics),Klaus,MONOPOLIES,PRICING,RAMSEY theory,TELECOMMUNICATION},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1152--1155},
	Title = {{Ramsey Pricing Without Cross-Subsidization? A Response to Professor Becker.}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Prendergast2007,
	Abstract = {Many individuals are motivated to exert effort because they care about their jobs, rather than because there are monetary consequences to their actions. The intrinsic motivation of bureaucrats is the focus of this paper, and three primary results are shown. First, bureaucrats should be biased. Second, sometimes this bias takes the form of advocating for their clients more than would their principal, while in other cases, they are more hostile to their interests. For a range of bureaucracies, those who are biased against clients lead to more efficient outcomes. Third, self-selection need not produce the desired bias. Instead, selection to bureaucracies is likely to be bifurcated, in the sense that it becomes composed of those who are most preferred by the principal, and those who are least preferred.},
	Author = {Prendergast, Canice},
	Doi = {10.1257/aer.97.1.180},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Prendergast - 2007 - Motivation and Bias of Bureaucrats.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00028282},
	Issn = {00028282},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {180--196},
	Title = {{The Motivation and Bias of Bureaucrats}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.1.180}}

@article{Fjell2000,
	Author = {Fjell, Kenneth},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0143814X01001143},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Fjell - 2001 - Cross-Subsidy Classification Framework.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0143-814X},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Policy},
	Keywords = {cross-subsidization,predation,public enterprise},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {265--282},
	Title = {{A Cross-subsidy Classification Framework}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X01001143}}

@article{Milgrom1994b,
	Author = {Milgrom, Paul and Shannon, Chris},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Milgrom {\&} Shannon - 1994 - Monotone Comparative Statics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Keywords = {comparative,quasisupermodular,single crossing condition,statics,strategic complements,supermodular},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {157--180},
	Title = {{Monotone Comparative Statics}},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{Derthick2012,
	Address = {Washington, DC},
	Author = {Derthick, Martha A.},
	Edition = {3rd},
	Pages = {265},
	Publisher = {CQ Press},
	Title = {{Up in Smoke: From Legislation to Litigation in Tobacco Politics}},
	Year = {2012}}

@book{Derthick1985,
	Address = {Washington, DC},
	Author = {Derthick, Martha and Quirk, Paul J.},
	Pages = {265},
	Publisher = {The Brookings Institute},
	Title = {{The Politics of Deregulation}},
	Year = {1985}}

@incollection{Moe2000,
	Archiveprefix = {arXiv},
	Arxivid = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	Author = {Moe, Terry},
	Booktitle = {The Presidency and the Political System},
	Doi = {10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004},
	Edition = {6th},
	Eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Moe - 2000 - The Presidency and the Bureaucracy.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9788578110796},
	Issn = {1098-6596},
	Pages = {408--439},
	Pmid = {25246403},
	Title = {{The Presidency and the Bureaucracy: The Presidential Advantage}},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004}}

@article{McCubbins1984,
	Author = {McCubbins, Matthew and Schwartz, Thomas},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/McCubbins {\&} Schwartz - 1984 - Congressional Oversight Overlooked.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {165--179},
	Title = {{Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {1984}}

@article{Gailmard2007,
	Author = {Gailmard, Sean and Patty, John W and Gailmard, Sean},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Gailmard {\&} Patty - 2007 - Slackers and Zealots.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Delegation},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {873--889},
	Title = {{Slackers and Zealots: Civil Policy and Bureaucratic Expertise}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Bendor2001,
	Author = {Bendor, Jonathan and Glazer, A and Hammond, T},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Bendor, Glazer {\&} Hammond - 2001 - Theories of Delegation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {ally principle,among the major themes,and a,covered are the following,credible commitment,goals,hierarchy,information,modern models of delegation,noncooperative game theory,s abstract we survey,subordinate pursue their own,that assume a boss},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {235--269},
	Title = {{Theories of Delegation}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Lewis2007,
	Author = {Lewis, David E.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Lewis - 2007 - Testing Pendleton's Premise.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1073--1088},
	Title = {{Testing Pendleton's Premise: Do Political Appointees Make Worse Bureaucrats?}},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Sen2000,
	Author = {Sen, Amartya},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Sen - 2000 - CBA.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Legal Studies},
	Number = {S2},
	Pages = {931--952},
	Title = {{The Discipline of Cost-Benefit Analysis}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Eisenhauer2015,
	Abstract = {The literature on treatment effects focuses on gross benefits from program participation. We extend this literature by developing conditions under which it is possible to identify parameters measuring the cost and net surplus from program participation. Using the generalized Roy model, we nonparametrically identify the cost, benefit, and net surplus of selection into treatment without requiring the analyst to have direct information on costs. We apply our methodology to estimate the gross benefit and net surplus of attending college.},
	Author = {Eisenhauer, Philipp and Heckman, James J. and Vytlacil, Edward},
	Doi = {10.1086/679498},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Eisenhauer, Heckman {\&} Vytlacil - 2015 - Generalized Roy Model.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {6211813430},
	Issn = {00223808},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {413--443},
	Title = {{The Generalized Roy Model and the Cost-Benefit Analysis of Social Programs}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/679498},
	Volume = {123},
	Year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/679498},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/679498}}

@article{Clemmitt2010,
	Author = {Clemmitt, Marcia},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Clemmitt - 2010 - CQ Gridlock.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {CQ Researcher},
	Number = {17},
	Pages = {385--408},
	Title = {{Gridlock in Washington: Is Congress Too Polarized to Act?}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Lyons2014,
	Author = {Lyons, Christina L.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lyons - 2014 - Nonprofit Groups and Partisan Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {8664277737},
	Journal = {CQ Researcher},
	Number = {41},
	Pages = {961--984},
	Title = {{Nonprofit Groups and Partisan Politics}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{Cameron1996,
	Abstract = {Majority-minority voting districts have been advanced as a remedy to the underrepresentation of minority interests in the political process. Yet, their efficacy in furthering the substantive goals of minority constituents has been questioned because they may dilute minority influence in surrounding areas and lead to an overall decrease in support for minority-sponsored legislation. Thus, there may be a trade-off between increasing the number of minority officeholders and enacting legislation that furthers the interests of the minority community. Using nonlinear estimation techniques, we simulate the districting strategies that maximize substantive minority representation, and find that such a trade-off does exist. We also find that, outside of the South, dividing minority voters equally across districts maximizes substantive representation; inside the South the optimal scheme creates concentrated districts on the order of 47{\%} black voting age population. In addition, minority candidates may have a substantial chance of being elected from districts with less than 50{\%} minority voters.},
	Author = {Cameron, Charles and Epstein, David and O'Halloran, Sharyn},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Cameron, Epstein {\&} O'Halloran - 1996 - Majority-Minority Districts.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {794},
	Title = {{Do Majority-Minority Districts Maximize Substantive Black Representation in Congress}},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Druckman2014,
	Abstract = {Research on democratic representation and public opinion formation has largely ignored one another. Once one considers the reality of the political communication environment, a fundamental tension between these two literatures emerges. In this essay, I review work on each, highlighting problems with both how ``quality opinion'' is often defined and how representation is typically studied. I then offer a way forward.},
	Archiveprefix = {arXiv},
	Arxivid = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	Author = {Druckman, James N.},
	Doi = {10.1080/10584609.2013.852643},
	Eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Druckman - 2014 - Political Communication.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9788578110796},
	Issn = {1058-4609},
	Journal = {Political Communication},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {467--492},
	Pmid = {25246403},
	Title = {{Pathologies of Studying Public Opinion, Political Communication, and Democratic Responsiveness}},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2013.852643}}

@article{Hooghe2003,
	Author = {Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Hooghe {\&} Marks - 2003 - Unraveling the Central State.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {233--243},
	Title = {{Unraveling the Central State, but How? Types of Multi-level Governance}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{McCutcheon2015,
	Author = {McCutcheon, Chuck},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/CQ Researcher on Political Polling.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {074252552X},
	Journal = {CQ Researcher},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {121--144},
	Title = {{Political Polling}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2015}}

@article{Canes-Wrone2001,
	Abstract = {Despite scholars' long-standing appreciation of modern American presidents' plebiscitary powers, no study offers evidence that public appeals systematically facilitate influence, and some research indicates they can actually decrease presidential bargaining power. Our analysis resolves this disparity, developing a theoretical perspective of plebiscitary appeals and testing it on data from the nationally televised addresses of Presidents Eisenhower through Clinton. The perspective suggests that appeals should generate influence, but that this influence depends on presidents strategically choosing issues to promote to the public. In particular, a president will promote issues on which his position is popular, but for which Congress would not otherwise enact his preferred policy. To test this perspective, we analyze a simultaneous-equations model of the causes and policy consequences of presidential appeals over budgetary policy. The results support the hypotheses, establishing the effectiveness of public strategies and conditions to which this effectiveness is limited.},
	Author = {Canes-Wrone, Brandice},
	Doi = {10.2307/2669343},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Canes-Wrone - 2001 - President and Public Appeals.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00925853},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {313--329},
	Title = {{The President's Legislative Influence from Public Appeals}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2669343}}

@article{Maskin2000a,
	Abstract = {Introduces an econometric model on sealed high-bid auctions. Disadvantage of relying on equilibrium based on buyers with monotonic bidding strategies; Asymmetric distribution of different types of buyers; Incorporation of assumption of log super modularity; Absence of equilibrium under the standard tie-breaking rule.},
	Author = {Maskin, Eric and Riley, John},
	Doi = {10.1111/1467-937X.00138},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Maskin {\&} Riley - 2000 - Equilibrium in Sealed High-Bid Auctions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0034-6527},
	Journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {439--454},
	Title = {{Equilibrium in Sealed High Bid Auctions}},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-937X.00138}}

@article{Hall1990,
	Abstract = {Over the last two decades institutional critics have increasingly charged that moneyed interests dominate the legislative process in Congress. Systematic research on campaign contributions and members' floor voting, however, provides little supporting evidence. We develop a view of the member-donor relationship that questions the theoretical underpinnings of the vote-buying hypothesis itself and suggests two alternative claims: (1) the effects of group expenditures are more likely to appear in committee than on the floor; and (2) the behavior most likely to be affected is members' legislative involvement, not their votes. In order to test this account, we specify a model of committee participation and estimate it using data from three House committees. In contrast to the substantial literature on contributions and roll calls, our analysis provides solid support for the importance of moneyed interests in the legislative process. We also find evidence that members are more responsive to organized business interests within their districts than to unorganized voters even when voters have strong preferences and the issue at stake is salient. Such findings suggest several important implications for our understanding of political money, interest groups, and the representativeness of legislative deliberations.},
	Author = {Hall, Richard L. and Wayman, Frank L.},
	Doi = {10.2307/1962767},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Hall {\&} Wayman - 1990 - Buying Time.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00030554},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {797--820},
	Pmid = {9010222923},
	Title = {{Buying Time: Moneyed Interests and the Mobilization of Bias in Congressional Committees}},
	Volume = {84},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962767}}

@article{Milgrom1982a,
	Abstract = {A model of competitive bidding is developed in which the winning bidder's payoff may depend upon his personal preferences, the preferences of others, and the intrinsic qualities of the object being sold. In this model, the English (ascending) auction generates higher average prices than does the second-price auction. Also, when bidders are risk-neutral, the second-price auction generates higher average prices than the Dutch and first-price auctions. In all of these auctions, the seller can raise the expected price by adopting a policy of providing expert appraisals of the quality of the objects he sells.},
	Archiveprefix = {arXiv},
	Arxivid = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	Author = {Milgrom, Paul R and Weber, Robert J},
	Doi = {10.2307/1911865},
	Eprint = {arXiv:1011.1669v3},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Milgrom {\&} Weber - 1982 - A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00129682},
	Issn = {0012-9682},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Keywords = {auctions,cellular,mechanism},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1089--1122},
	Pmid = {25246403},
	Title = {{A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1982},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1911865}}

@article{Maskin2000,
	Abstract = {The revenue-equivalence theorm for auctions predicts that expected$\backslash$nseller revenue is independent of the bidding rules, as long as equilibrium$\backslash$nhas the properties that the buyer with the highest reservation price$\backslash$nwins and any buyer with the lowest possible reservation price has$\backslash$nzero expected surplus. Thus, in particular, the two most common auction$\backslash$ninstitutions--the open "English" and the sealed high-bid$\backslash$nauction--equivalent despite their rather different strategic properties.$\backslash$nCopyright 2000 by The Review of Economic Studies Limited},
	Author = {Maskin, Eric and Riley, John},
	Doi = {10.1111/1467-937X.00137},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Maskin {\&} Riley - 2000 - Asymmetric Auctions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0034-6527},
	Journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {413--438},
	Title = {{Asymmetric Auctions}},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-937X.00137}}

@article{Acemoglu2013,
	Abstract = {The standard approach to policy making and advice in economics implicitly or explicitly ignores politics and political economy and maintains that if possible, any market failure should be rapidly removed. This essay explains why this conclusion may be incorrect; because it ignores politics, this approach is oblivious to the impact of the removal of market failures on future political equilibria and economic efficiency, which can be deleterious. We first outline a simple framework for the study of the impact of current economic policies on future political equilibria -- and indirectly on future economic outcomes. We then illustrate the mechanisms through which such impacts might operate using a series of examples. The main message is that sound economic policy should be based on a careful analysis of political economy and should factor in its influence on future political equilibria.},
	Author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A.},
	Doi = {10.1257/jep.27.2.173},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Acemoglu {\&} Robinson - 2013 - Pitfalls of Policy Advice.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {{\textless}b{\textgreater}ISSN: {\textless}/b{\textgreater}0895-3309},
	Issn = {0895-3309},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Keywords = {economic policy,market failures,poli-,policy advice,political economy},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {173--192},
	Title = {{Economics versus Politics: Pitfalls of Policy Advice}},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.2.173}}

@article{Peltzman1989,
	Abstract = {Peltzman, Sam (1989), `The Economic Theory of Regulation After a Decade of Deregulation', Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, 1-41.},
	Author = {Peltzman, Sam},
	Doi = {10.2307/2534719},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Peltzman - 1989 - Economic Theory of Regulation After a Decade of Deregulation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {10578641},
	Issn = {10578641},
	Journal = {Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. Microeconomics},
	Number = {August},
	Pages = {1--41},
	Pmid = {341},
	Title = {{The Economic Theory of Regulation after a Decade of Deregulation}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2534719}}

@article{Stigler1971,
	Abstract = {The potential uses of public resources and powers to imrtprove the economic status of economic groups (such as industries anid occupations) are analyzed to provide a scheme of the demand for regulation. The characteristics of the political process which allow relatively small groups to obtain such regulation is then sketched to provide elements of a theory of supply of regulation. A variety of empirical evidence and illustration is also presented.},
	Author = {Stigler, George J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Stigler - 1971 - Economic Theory of Regulation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--21},
	Title = {{The Theory of Economic Regulation}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1971}}

@article{Posner1974,
	Abstract = {Several theories have been advanced to explain the observed pattern of government regulation of the economy. These include the "public interest" theory and several versions, proposed either by political scientists or by economists, of the "interest group" or "capture" theory. This article analyzes those theories. It argues that the public interest theory and the political scientists' versions of the interest group theory are unacceptable in their present form. The economists' version of the interest group theory is discussed at greatest length, its theoretical and empirical foundations are reviewed, and the conclusion is reached that, while promising, the theory requires both more analytical development and new sorts of empirical investigation before it can be accepted as an adequate positive theory of regulation.},
	Author = {Posner, Richard A.},
	Doi = {10.2307/3003113},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Posner - 1974 - Theories of Economic Regulation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00058556},
	Issn = {00058556},
	Journal = {The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {335--358},
	Pmid = {5921958},
	Title = {{Theories of Economic Regulation}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {1974},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3003113}}

@article{Simon1990,
	Abstract = {This paper proposes a new approach to the study of economic problems that have hitherto been modelled as games with discontinuous payoffs. Typically, the discontinuities arise from indeterminacies in the underlying problem. Our point of departure from the conventional approach is to view the sharing rules which resolve these indeterminacies as part of the solution rather than as part of the description of the model. A solution to our model is a sharing rule, together with a profile of (mixed) strategies that satisfies the usual (Nash) best response criterion. Our main result is that such a solution always exists.},
	Author = {Simon, Leo K. and Zame, William R.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2938353},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Simon {\&} Zame - 1990 - Endogenous Sharing Rules.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00129682},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Keywords = {bertrand,discontinuous games,games,hotelling problem,nash equilibrium,rationing schemes,sharing rules},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {861--872},
	Title = {{Discontinuous Games and Endogenous Sharing Rules}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2938353}}

@article{Shleifer2005,
	Abstract = {The article examines some of the key theories of economic regulation. The author assessed the relevance of regulation, particularly in the securities markets. The three theories highlighted in the article are the welfare-theoretic or public interest theory of regulation associated with Pigou, the contracting theory associated with Coase and the capture theory of Stigler. The author also presented an alternative way of thinking about regulation and social control of business and explored the differences in regulatory patterns around the world.},
	Author = {Shleifer, Andrei},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1354-7798.2005.00291.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Shleifer - 2005 - Understanding Regulation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {13547798},
	Issn = {1354-7798},
	Journal = {European Financial Management},
	Keywords = {ECONOMIC policy,ECONOMICS,FINANCIAL services industry,GOVERNMENT policy,PLANNING,SECURITIES industry,SECURITIES industry -- Law {\&} legislation,SECURITIES markets,SECURITIES trading},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {439--451},
	Title = {{Understanding regulation}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-7798.2005.00291.x}}

@article{Jackson2002,
	Abstract = {This paper offers a new approach to the study of economic problems usually modeled as games of incomplete information with discontinuous payoffs. Typically, the discontinuities arise from indeterminacies (ties) in the underlying problem. The point of view taken here is that the tie-breaking rules that resolve these indeterminacies should be viewed as part of the solution rather than part of the description of the model. A solution is therefore a tie-breaking rule together with strategies satisfying the usual best-response criterion. When information is incomplete, solutions need not exist; that is, there may be no tie-breaking rule that is compatible with the existence of strategy profiles satisfying the usual bestresponse criteria. It is shown that the introduction of incentive compatible communication (cheap talk) restores existence.},
	Author = {Jackson, Matthew O. and Simon, Leo K. and Swinkels, Jeroen M. and Zame, William R.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.04.001},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Jackson, Simon, Swinkels {\&} Zame - 2002 - Endogenous Sharing Rules Incomplete Info.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00129682},
	Issn = {00129682},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1711--1740},
	Pmid = {19411098},
	Title = {{Communication and Equilibrium in Discontinuous Games of Incomplete Information}},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.04.001}}

@book{Hurd2007,
	Address = {Princeton},
	Author = {Hurd, Ian},
	Pages = {221},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{After Anarchy}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Weitzman1974,
	Author = {Weitzman, Martin L.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2296698},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Weitzman - 1974 - Prices vs Quantities.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0034-6527},
	Issn = {00346527},
	Journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {January},
	Pages = {477--491},
	Title = {{Prices vs. Quantities}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1974},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2296698}}

@misc{Nagourney2004,
	Abstract = {http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/01/politics/campaign/bush-and-kerry-clash-over-iraq-in-debate.html?{\_}r=0},
	Author = {Nagourney, Adam},
	Booktitle = {The New York Times},
	Month = {oct},
	Title = {{Bush and Kerry Clash Over Iraq in Debate}}}

@article{Ashworth2006a,
	Abstract = {We elucidate a powerful yet simple method for deriving comparative statics conclusions for a wide variety of models: Monotone Comparative Statics (Milgrom and Shannon 1994). Monotone comparative static methods allow researchers to extract robust, substantive empirical implications from formal models that can be tested using ordinal data and simple nonparametric tests. When thesemethods apply, they can replace a diverse range of more technically difficult mathematics (facilitating richer, more realistic models), assumptions that are hard to understand or justify substantively (highlighting the political intuitions underlying amodel's results), and a complicated set ofmethods for extracting implications from models. We present an accessible introduction to the central monotone comparative statics results and a series of practical tools for using these techniques in applied models (with reference to original sources, when relevant). Throughout we demonstrate the techniques with examples drawn from political science.},
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott and {Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/mcs.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {214--231},
	Title = {{Monotone Comparative Statics for Models of Politics}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Dube2013,
	Abstract = {This paper explores how commodity price shocks in the international market affect armed conflict. Using a new dataset on civil war in Colombia, we find that exogenous price shocks in the coffee and oil markets affect coflict in opposite directions, and through separate channels. A sharp fall in coffee prices during the late 1990s increased violence dispro- portionately in coffee-intensive municipalities, by lowering wages and the opportunity cost of recruitment into armed groups. In contrast, a rise in oil prices increased conflict in the oil region, by expanding local government budgets and raising potential gains from rapacity and predation on these resources. Our analysis suggests that the price of labor intensive goods affect conflict primarily through the opportunity cost effect, while the price of capital intensive goods affect conflict through the rapacity channel.},
	Author = {Dube, Oeindrila and Vargas, Juan F.},
	Doi = {10.1093/restud/rdt009},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Projects/Conflict/Dube {\&} Vargas - 2013 - Commodity Shocks and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0034-6527, 1467-937X},
	Issn = {00346527},
	Journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
	Keywords = {Commodity prices,Conflict,Income shocks,Natural resources},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1384--1421},
	Title = {{Commodity price shocks and civil conflict: Evidence from Colombia}},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdt009}}

@article{Samuelson1970,
	Author = {Samuelson, Paul A.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2296483},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Samuelson - 1970 - Mean Variance Approx.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0034-6527},
	Issn = {0034-6527},
	Journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {537--542},
	Title = {{The Fundamental Approximation Theorem of Portfolio Analysis in terms of Means, Variances and Higher Moments}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {1970},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2296483}}

@article{Masciandaro2013,
	Abstract = {This paper describes financial systemic risk as a pollution issue. Free riding leads to excess risk production. This problem may be solved, at least partially, either by financial regulation or by taxation. From a normative viewpoint, taxation is superior in many respects. However, reality shows that financial regulation is adopted more frequently. This paper makes a positive, politico-economic argument. If the majority chooses regulation, the level is likely to be too harsh. If it chooses taxation, then the level is likely to be too low. Due to regressive effects, a tax on financial transactions receives low support from a majority of low polluting portfolio owners. The same kind of majority may strategically choose regulation in order to burden the minority with a larger share of the cost of reducing systemic risk.},
	Author = {Masciandaro, Donato and Passarelli, Francesco},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.020},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Masciandaro {\&} Passarelli - 2011 - Systemic Risk and Regulation Taxes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {03784266},
	Journal = {Journal of Banking {\&} Finance},
	Keywords = {Banking regulation,Financial crisis,Financial transaction taxes,O23,O43,O51,Political economy,Systemic risk},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {587--596},
	Title = {{Financial systemic risk: Taxation or regulation?}},
	Url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378426612002968},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378426612002968},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.020}}

@article{Alesina2014,
	Abstract = {We study which policy tool and at what level a majority chooses in order to reduce activities with negative externalities. We consider three instruments: a rule, that sets an upper limit to the activity which produces the negative externality, a quota that forces a proportional reduction of the activity, and a proportional tax on it. For all instruments the majority chooses levels which are too restrictive when the activity is performed mainly by a small fraction of the population, and when costs for reducing activities or paying taxes are sufficiently convex. Also a majority may prefer an instrument different than what a social planner would choose; for instance a rule when the social planner would choose a tax.},
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and Passarelli, Francesco},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.09.001},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Alesina {\&} Passarelli - 2014 - Regulation vs Taxation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0047-2727},
	Issn = {00472727},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Keywords = {D62,D72,Externalities,H23,K32,L51,P16,Rules,Taxation,Voting},
	Pages = {147--156},
	Pmid = {16592419},
	Title = {{Regulation versus taxation}},
	Volume = {110},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.09.001}}

@article{Peress2010,
	Abstract = {The theoretical literature on two candidate elections is dominated by symmetric contests and vote-maximizing candidates. These models fail to capture two important features of real elections. First, most elections pit a stronger candidate against a weaker one. Second, candidates care not only about holding office, but also about policy outcomes. Ignoring any one of these features means we will fail to capture an important dynamic-strong candidates must balance their desire to change policy with their need to win the election. We provide conditions for the existence of an equilibrium in the spatial model with non-policy factors, when candidates are policy motivated. We provide a characterization of 'regular' equilibria and show that there exists at most one regular equilibrium. We provide conditions that guarantee that all equilibria are regular. We derive comparative statics for the model and show that increasing a candidate's non-policy advantage causes that candidate to move towards his ideal point.},
	Author = {Peress, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1007/s00355-009-0396-2},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Peress - 20010 - Spatial Model with Non-Policy Factors.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0176-1714},
	Issn = {0176-1714},
	Journal = {Social Choice and Welfare},
	Pages = {265--294},
	Title = {{The spatial model with non-policy factors: a theory of policy-motivated candidates}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-009-0396-2}}

@article{Gehlbach2014,
	Abstract = {We present a formal model of government control of the media to illuminate variation in media freedom across countries and over time. Media bias is greater and state ownership of the media more likely when the government has a particular interest in mobilizing citizens to take actions that further some political objective but are not necessarily in citizens' individual best interest; however, the distinction between state and private media is smaller. Large advertising markets reduce media bias in both state and private media but increase the incentive for the government to nationalize private media. Media bias in state and private media markets diverge as governments become more democratic, whereas media bias in democracies and autocracies converge as positive externalities from mobilization increase.},
	Author = {Gehlbach, Scott and Sonin, Konstantin},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.06.004},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Gehlbach {\&} Sonin - 2014 - Government Media Bias.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0047-2727},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Keywords = {Formal theory,Media,Political economy},
	Pages = {163--171},
	Publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	Title = {{Government Control of the Media}},
	Url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272714001443{\%}5Cnhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272714001443/pdfft?md5=865eed7bcf9e79652f39b7c478ab5a02{\&}pid=1-s2.0-S0047272714001443-main.pdf},
	Volume = {118},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.06.004}}

@article{King2000,
	Abstract = {Industry self-regulation---the voluntary association of firms to control their collective action---has been proposed as a complement to government regulation. Proponents argue that the establishment of such structures may institutionalize environmental improvement, and critics suggest that without explicit sanctions, such structures will fall victim to opportunistic behavior. In a study of the Chemical Manufacturers Association's Responsible Care Program, we investigate the predictions of these two contradictory perspectives. Our findings highlight the potential for opportunism to overcome the isomorphic pressures of even powerful self-regulatory institutions and suggest that effective industry self-regulation is difficult to maintain without explicit sanctions.},
	Author = {King, Andrew A. and Lenox, Michael J.},
	Doi = {10.2307/1556362},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/King {\&} Lenox - 2000 - Industry Self-Regulation Without Sanctions.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0001-4273},
	Issn = {0001-4273, 1948-0989},
	Journal = {Academy of Management Journal},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {698--716},
	Pmid = {908},
	Title = {{Industry Self-Regulation Without Sanctions: The Chemical Industry's Responsible Care Program}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1556362}}

@article{Wotruba1997,
	Abstract = {Proposes a framework for industrial self-regulation in a global setting. Concentration on industry level of economic activity; Industry self-regulation in a domestic setting; Extension of discussion to global setting; Motivations for industry self-regulation; Character dimensions of codes of conduct; Necessity of empirical studies to support theories for self-regulation.},
	Author = {Wotruba, Thomas R.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Wotruba - 1997 - Industry Self-Regulation in a Global Setting.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0743-9156},
	Issn = {07439156},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Policy {\&} Marketing},
	Keywords = {ECONOMETRIC models,INDUSTRIES,SELF regulation,TRADE regulation},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {38--54},
	Title = {{Industry Self-Regulation: A Review and Extension to a Global Setting}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Ring1965,
	Author = {Ring, Daniel S.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Ring - 1965 - Role of Trade Associations in Self-Regulation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {ABA Antitrust Section},
	Number = {1965},
	Pages = {142--149},
	Title = {{The Role of Trade Associations in Industry Self-Regulation}},
	Url = {http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get{\_}pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/antil27{\&}section=21},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {1965},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get%7B%5C_%7Dpdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/antil27%7B%5C&%7Dsection=21}}

@article{Gupta1983,
	Author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Lad, Lawrence J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Gupta {\&} Lad - 1983 - Industry Self-Regulation economic, organizational, and political analysis.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Academy of Management Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {416--425},
	Title = {{Industry Self-Regulation: An Economic, Organizational, and Political Analysis}},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{Cary1963,
	Author = {Cary, William L.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Cary - 1963 - Self-Regulation in the Securities Industry.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Bar Association Journal},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {244--247},
	Title = {{Self-Regulation in the Securities Industry}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1963}}

@article{Ronit2014,
	Author = {Ronit, K. and Jensen, J. D.},
	Doi = {10.1038/ejcn.2014.60},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Ronit {\&} Jensen - 2014 - Obesity and Self-Regulation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0954-3007},
	Journal = {European Journal of Clinical Nutrition},
	Keywords = {compliance,food marketing,industry self-regulation,regulatory effectiveness},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {753--759},
	Title = {{Obesity and industry self-regulation of food and beverage marketing: a literature review}},
	Volume = {68},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.60}}

@techreport{Castro2011,
	Author = {Castro, Daniel},
	Booktitle = {The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Castro - 2011 - Self-Regulation Online Behavioral Advertising.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {1--14},
	Title = {{Benefits and Limitations of Industry Self-Regulation for Online Behavioral Advertising}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Lenox2006,
	Abstract = {An emerging body of institutional scholarship emphasizes the role played by private decentralized institutions in facilitating collective action among organizations. However, these institutions often suffer from free riding and opportunism. This may lead firms to exit the institution and eventually cause its collapse. In this paper, we explore how private decentralized institutions may be sustained despite these problems. We focus on one form of private decentralized institution---trade association--sponsored industry self-regulatory programs. We advance two alternative hypotheses to explain the sustained existence of industry self-regulatory institutions: (a) Firms participate to gain a participation-contingent benefit, and (b) firms participate to maintain a generally beneficial institution. Using a 10-year panel of data from the chemical industry, we find evidence consistent with the latter hypothesis for at least one prominent example of self-regulation. Our findings have implications for both specific models of industry self-regulation and general theories of collective action.},
	Author = {Lenox, Michael J.},
	Doi = {10.1287/orsc.1060.0211},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Lenox - 2006 - Role of Private Decentralized Institutions in Sustaining Industry Self-Regualtion.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1047-7039},
	Issn = {1047-7039},
	Journal = {Organization Science},
	Keywords = {environmental strategy,industry self-regulation,institutions},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {677--690},
	Pmid = {23486930},
	Title = {{The Role of Private Decentralized Institutions in Sustaining Industry Self-Regulation}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1060.0211}}

@unpublished{Heritier2007,
	Abstract = {Expectations that globalization and leadership change would propel a convergence among Middle East states toward pro -Western foreign policies overlook how differential regime formation, particularly the social forces incorporated in the process, sets states on durable divergent tangents. Despite the rise of two young leaders with similar "modernizing" worldviews in Syria and Jordan, the differential impact of global forces and variations in regime constituencies has reinforced rather than overcome initial divergences. In Syria an undemocratic domestic politics has had a major impact on sustaining the old foreign policy of balancing while in Jordan the old foreign policy of bandwagoning has dictated the de-democratisation of domestic politics.},
	Author = {Heritier, Adrienne and Eckert, Sandra},
	Booktitle = {EUI Working Papers},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Heriter {\&} Eckert - 2007 - New Modes of Governance self regulation in Europe.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {2004027665},
	Issn = {01692070},
	Number = {20},
	Pages = {1--21},
	Title = {{New Modes of Governance in the Shadow of Hierarchy: Self-Regulation by Industry in Europe}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1162/JEEA.2008.6.6.1109/abstract},
	Volume = {2007},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1162/JEEA.2008.6.6.1109/abstract}}

@article{Berman2011,
	Author = {Berman, Eli and Shapiro, Jacob N and Felter, Joseph H},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Berman, Shapiro {\&} Felter - 2011 - Hearts and Minds.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9550091031},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {766--819},
	Title = {{Can Hearts and Minds Be Bought? The Economics of Counterinsurgency in Iraq}},
	Volume = {119},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Weingast1988,
	Abstract = {This paper provides a theory of legislative institutions that parallels the theory of the firm and the theory of contractual institutions. Like market institutions, legislative institutions reflect two key components: the goals or preferences of individuals (here, representatives seeking reelection) and the relevant transaction costs. We present three conclusions. First, we show how the legislative institutions enforce bargains among legislators. Second, we explain why, given the peculiar form of bargaining problems found in legislatures, specific forms of nonmarket exchange prove superior to market exchange. Third, our approach shows how the committee system limits the types of coalitions that may form on a particular issue.},
	Author = {Weingast, Barry R. and Marshall, William J.},
	Doi = {10.1086/261528},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Weingast {\&} Marshall - 1988 - The Industrial Organization of Congress.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00223808},
	Issn = {0022-3808},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {132--163},
	Title = {{The Industrial Organization of Congress; or, Why Legislatures, Like Firms, Are Not Organized as Markets}},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261528}}

@article{Weinstein2005,
	Abstract = {How does the resource base of a rebel group impact its membership, structure, and behavior? While scholars, analysts, and policy makers increasingly link natural resources to the onset and duration of civil war, this article explores how resource endowments shape the character and conduct of rebel groups. This article identifies a rebel "resource curse" much like the one that undermines state institutions in resource- rich environments. While the presence of economic endowments makes it possible for leaders to recruit on the basis of short-term rewards, these groups are flooded with opportunistic joiners who exhibit little com- mitment to the long-term goals of the organization. In resource-poor environments, leaders attract new recruits by drawing on social ties to make credible promises about the private rewards that will come with victory. Opportunistic joiners stay away from these movements, leaving a pool of activist recruits willing to invest their time and energy in the hope of reaping large gains in the future.},
	Author = {Weinstein, J. M.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002705277802},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Weinstein - 2005 - Resources and the Information Problem in Rebel Recruitment.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022-0027},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Keywords = {civil war,natural resources,rebellion,recruitment},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {598--624},
	Title = {{Resources and the Information Problem in Rebel Recruitment}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002705277802}}

@article{Kydd2002,
	Abstract = {Abstract Why are extremists able to sabotage peace processes in some cases but not others? And under what conditions will the public respond to such provocation and return to unpopular wars? We seek to show that extremist violence is not indiscriminate or irrational as many people have assumed but quite strategic. We argue that extremist violence intentionally plays on the uncertainty that exists between the more moderate groups who are attempting to negotiate a peace agreement. Using a game-theoretic model of the interaction of extremist violence and mistrust, we identify the conditions under which extremists will succeed and fail. We find that extremists are most likely to succeed in derailing a peace process when the targeted side believes that opposition moderates are strong. At these times, the public perceives moderates as best able to control and suppress extremists within their own ranks. When moderates are viewed as weak and unable to crack down on extremists, terrorism is more likely to fail. We discuss this finding, as well as a number of additional implications of the model, in connection with the Israeli-Palestinian case.},
	Author = {Kydd, Andrew and Walter, Barbara F.},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081802320005487},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Kydd {\&} Walter - 2002 - Sabotaging the Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00208183},
	Issn = {00208183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {263--296},
	Title = {{Sabotaging the Peace: The Politics of Extremist Violence}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081802320005487}}

@article{Maxwell2000,
	Abstract = {We extend the economic theory of regulation to allow for strategic self-regulation that preempts political action. When political ``entry'' is costly for consumers, firms can deter it through voluntary restraints. Unlike standard entry models, deterrence is achieved by overinvesting to raise the rival's welfare in the event of entry. Empirical evidence on releases of toxic chemicals shows that an increased threat of regulation (as proxied by increased membership in conservation groups) indeed induces firms to reduce toxic releases. We establish conditions under which self-regulation, if it occurs, is a Pareto improvement once costs of influencing policy are included.},
	Author = {Maxwell, John W. and Lyon, Thomas P. and Hackett, Steven C.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Maxwell, Lyon {\&} Hackett - 2000 - Self-Regulation and Social Welfare.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Law and Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {583--618},
	Title = {{Self‐Regulation and Social Welfare: The Political Economy of Corporate Environmentalism}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2000}}

@unpublished{Volden2015,
	Author = {Volden, Craig and Wiseman, Alan E.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Volden {\&} Wiseman - Self-Regulation.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {37},
	Title = {{Government Standards, Activists, and the Prospects for Self-Regulation}},
	Year = {2015}}

@article{Nalebuff1989,
	Abstract = {You have two envelopes. In one you place a hidden amount of money and give the envelope to Ali. Then you flip a hidden coin. If it comes up heads, you place twice the original amount of money in the second envelope. If it comes up tails, you put only half the original amount in the second envelope. You give this second envelope to Baba. So far, the contents of both envelopes are hidden, as is the outcome of the coin toss. Ali and Baba are allowed to look privately at the amount of money in their own envelopes. Then they are given an opportunity to trade envelopes if both agree.$\backslash$nSuppose, for the sake of argument, that Ali finds {\$}10.00 in her envelope. Ali reasons that Baba is equally likely to have {\$}5.00 or {\$}20.00. Trading envelopes gives her an expected gain of {\$}2.50 (or 25 percent). Acting in a risk-neutral manner, she would want to switch. Now Baba looks inside his envelope. Whatever amount he finds (either {\$}5.00 or {\$}20.00), he too reasons that Ali is equally likely to have half or double his amount. The expectation is 0.5[0.5X + 2X] = 1.25X, so he too expects a 25 percent gain from switching envelopes. But this is paradoxical. The sum of the amount in both envelopes is whatever it is. Trading envelopes cannot make both participants better off. Yet, they both expect to make a 25 percent gain. Where did they go wrong?},
	Author = {Nalebuff, Barry},
	Doi = {10.1257/jep.3.1.171},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Nalebuff - 1989 - Two-Envelope Problem.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0895-3309},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {171--181},
	Title = {{Puzzles: The Other Person's Envelope is Always Greener}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.3.1.171}}

@article{Cary2015,
	Author = {Cary, William L.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Cary - 1963 - Self-Regulation in the Securities Industry.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {244--247},
	Title = {{Self-Regulation in the Securities Industry Self-Regulation in the Securities Industry}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2015}}

@article{Gunningham1997,
	Abstract = {Throughout the advanced countries of the world self-regulatory regimes are being introduced. This article suggests that, at least in some contexts, industry self-regulation can be an effective and efficient means of social control that has been largely ignored by economics (which has a focus on individual rather than group behavior) and prematurely discounted by mainstream regulatory theory. The article examines the strengths and to a lesser extent the weaknesses of industry self-regulation from five closely related yet distinct vantage points: mediating institutions; industrial morality; institutionalizing responsibility; institutions responding to external pressure; and the roles of the state and third parties.},
	Author = {Gunningham, Neil and Rees, Joseph},
	Doi = {10.1111/1467-9930.t01-1-00033},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Gunningham {\&} Rees - 1997 - Institutional Perspective of Self Regulation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1467-9930},
	Issn = {1467-9930},
	Journal = {Law {\&} Policy},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {363--414},
	Pmid = {980604},
	Title = {{Industry Self-Regulation: An Institutional Perspective}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9930.t01-1-00033}}

@article{Kydd2006,
	Abstract = {Terrorism is designed to change minds by destroying bodies; it is a form of costly signaling. Terrorists employ five primary strategies of costly signaling: attrition, intimidation, provocation, spoiling, and outbidding. The main targets of persuasion are the enemy and the population that the terrorists hope to represent or control. Terrorists wish to signal that they have the strength and will to impose costs on those who oppose them, and that the enemy and moderate groups on the terrorists' side cannot be trusted and should not be supported. Each strategy works well under certain conditions and poorly under others. State responses to one strategy may be inappropriate for other strategies. In some cases, however, terrorists are pursuing a combination of strategies, and the response must also work well against this combination.},
	Author = {Kydd, Andrew H. and Walter, Barbara F.},
	Doi = {10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.49},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Kydd {\&} Walter - 2006 - Strategies of Terrorism.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0162-2889},
	Issn = {0162-2889},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {49--80},
	Pmid = {21984099},
	Title = {{The Strategies of Terrorism}},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.49}}

@article{Shapiro2012,
	Author = {Shapiro, Jacob N. and Siegel, David a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0043887111000293},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Shapiro {\&} Siegel - 2012 - Moral Hazard, Discipline, and the Management of Terrorist Organizations.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {2002001111},
	Issn = {0043-8871},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {39--78},
	Title = {{Moral Hazard, Discipline, and the Management of Terrorist Organizations}},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0043887111000293}}

@article{Myerson2011,
	Author = {Myerson, Roger B and Reny, Philip J},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Papers/Myerson {\&} Reny - draft - Sequential Eqba with Infinite Types {\&} Actions.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {November},
	Pages = {1--20},
	Title = {{Sequential Equilibria of Multi-Stage Games with Infinite Sets of Types and Actions by}},
	Volume = {2013},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{DalBo2011,
	Author = {{Dal B{\'{o}}}, Ernesto and {Dal B{\'{o}}}, Pedro},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01025.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Dal Bo {\&} Dal Bo - 2011 - Workers, Warriors, and Criminals.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15424766},
	Journal = {Journal of the European Economic Association},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {646--677},
	Title = {{Workers, Warriors, and Criminals: Social Conflict in General Equilibrium}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-4774.2011.01025.x}}

@article{Calvert1985,
	Abstract = {Typically, political decision making involves the concomitant problem of deciding how to use advice. Advice can reduce uncertainty about outcomes, but it is often costly to obtain and assimilate, and is itself subject to uncertainty and error. This paper explores how a rational decision maker uses imperfect advice. Using only the assumption of utility maximization, along with a specification of exactly how knowledge and advice are "imperfect," it is possible to derive some of the initial assumptions of cognitive and bounded-rationality models. Also changes in the decision-making environment can be connected to changes in how advice is used, thereby providing theoretical predictions about political behavior. In particular it is shown here that, under certain reasonable circumstances, the rational decision maker should engage in selective exposure or "bolstering." These results do not depend upon any cost advantage or inherent value in biased advice.},
	Author = {Calvert, Randall L},
	Doi = {10.2307/2130895},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Teaching/Pol Econ II/Calvert - 1985 - Biased Advisor.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00223816},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Keywords = {Election,Flag},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {530--555},
	Title = {{The Value of Biased Information: A Rational Choice Model of Political Advice}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2130895}}

@article{Kass1995,
	Abstract = {In a 1935 paper and in his book Theory of Probability, Jeffreys developed a methodology for quantifying the evidence in favor of a scientific theory. The centerpiece was a number, now called the Bayes factor, which is the posterior odds of the null hypothesis when the prior probability on the null is one-half. Although there has been much discussion of Bayesian hypothesis testing in the context of criticism of P-values, less attention has been given to the Bayes factor as a practical tool of applied statistics. In this article we review and discuss the uses of Bayes factors in the context of five scientific applications in genetics, sports, ecology, sociology, and psychology. We emphasize the following points: From Jeffreys' Bayesian viewpoint, the purpose of hypothesis testing is to evaluate the evidence in favor of a scientific theory. Bayes factors offer a way of evaluating evidence in favor of a null hypothesis. Bayes factors provide a way of incorporating external information into the evaluation of evidence about a hypothesis. Bayes factors are very general and do not require alternative models to be nested. Several techniques are available for computing Bayes factors, including asymptotic approximations that are easy to compute using the output from standard packages that maximize likelihoods. In ''nonstandard'' statistical models that do not satisfy common regularity conditions, it can be technically simpler to calculate Bayes factor; than to derive non-Bayesian significance tests. The Schwarz criterion (or BIG) gives a rough approximation to the logarithm of the Bayes factor, which is easy to use and does not require evaluation of prior distributions. When one is interested in estimation or prediction, Bayes factors may be converted to weights to be attached to various models so that a composite estimate or prediction may be obtained that takes account of structural or model uncertainty. Algorithms have been proposed that allow model uncertainty to be taken into account when the class of models initially considered is very large. Bayes factors are useful for guiding an evolutionary model-building process. It is important, and feasible, to assess the sensitivity of conclusions to the prior distributions used.},
	Author = {Kass, Robert E and Raftery, Adrian E},
	Doi = {10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/Projects/bayes factors.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0162-1459},
	Issn = {01621459},
	Journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	Keywords = {BAYESIAN HYPOTHESIS TESTS,BIG,CHANGE-POINT,CRITERION,EXPONENTIAL FAMILY,GIBBS SAMPLER,IMPORTANCE SAMPLING,IRISH EDUCATION,LAPLACE METHOD,MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO,MODEL SELECTION,MONTE CARLO INTEGRATION,MONTE-CARLO INTEGRATION,POISSON-PROCESS,POSTERIOR DISTRIBUTIONS,POSTERIOR MODEL PROBABILITIES,POSTERIOR ODDS,QUADRATURE,REGRESSION VARIABLES,SCHWARZ,SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS,STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE,VAGUE PRIOR INFORMATION},
	Number = {430},
	Pages = {773--795},
	Pmid = {20179745},
	Title = {{Bayes Factors}},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572}}

@article{Rohner2015,
	Abstract = {We establish a theoretical as well as empirical framework to assess the role of resource endowments and their geographic location for inter-State con‡ict. The main predictions of the theory are that con‡ict tends to be more likely when at least one country has natural resources; when the resources in the resource-endowed country are closer to the border; and, in the case where both countries have natural resources, when the resources are located asymmetrically vis-a-vis the border. We test these predictions on a novel dataset featuring oil{\ldots}eld distances from bilateral borders. The empirical analysis con{\ldots}rms that the presence and location of oil are signi{\ldots}cant predictors of inter-State con‡icts after WW2.},
	Author = {Rohner, Dominic and Boehm, Johannes and Farsian, Cyrus and Luescher, Patrick and Cunningham, Tom and Dube, Oeindrila and Esteban, Joan Maria and Gartzke, Erik and Greenstone, Michael and Kalemli-ozcan, Sebnem and Mueller, Hannes and Neary, Peter and Nunn, Nathan and Papaioannou, Elias and Pischedda, Costantino and Prarolo, Giovanni and Snyder, Jack and Tenreyro, Silvana and Thoenig, Mathias and Wood, Andrew and Yared, Pierre},
	Doi = {10.1093/qje/qju038.Advance},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Caselli, Morelli {\&} Rohner - 2015 - Geography of Interstate Resource Wars.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0033-5533},
	Journal = {Quartely Journal of Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {267--315},
	Title = {{The Geography of Interstate Resource Wars}},
	Volume = {130},
	Year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qju038.Advance}}

@article{Majeski2004,
	Author = {Majeski, Stephen J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Majeski - 2004 - Asymmetric Power among Agents and Maintenance of Cooperation in IR.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {455--470},
	Title = {{Asymmetric Power among Agents and the Generation and Maintenance of Cooperation in International Relations}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Perlo-freeman2006,
	Abstract = {The class of simultaneous 2x2 pure-strategy ordinal games (which include well- known games such as Prisoner's Dilemma, Chicken and Stag Hunt) have received considerable attention, including complete classification schemes by amongst others Rapoport {\&} Guyer (1978) and Robinson {\&} Goforth (2005). This paper focuses on a particularly pertinent subset of these games, described as the `Co-operate-Defect' (C- D) games, which are characterised by each player having a dominant preference for a particular strategy by the other player. These games are therefore relevant in a number of contexts, including arms race games and collective action problems. The C-D games may be efficiently classified by assigning each player one of six distinct types, a classification that cannot be naturally extended to the full class of 2x2 games. The six types and the resulting game forms are analysed, and the subclass of CD games are identified within a topological structure for the 2x2 games devised by Robinson {\&} Goforth (2005).},
	Author = {Perlo-freeman, Sam and Perlo-freeman, Sam},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Perlo-Freeman - 2006 - The Topology of Conflict and Co-operation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Topology},
	Number = {1978},
	Title = {{The Topology of Conflict and Co-operation}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Reisinger2012,
	Author = {Reisinger, William M},
	Doi = {10.2307/2600496},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Reisinger - 1989 - 2x2 Games of Commitment in World Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {111--118},
	Title = {{Research Note : 2 x 2 Games of Commitment in World Politics}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600496}}

@article{Proceedings2015,
	Author = {Proceedings, Source and Society, Royal and Sciences, Biological},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Smith - 1979 - Game Theory and the Evolution of Behaviour.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {1161},
	Pages = {475--488},
	Title = {{Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences,}},
	Volume = {205},
	Year = {2015}}

@article{Kydd1997,
	Author = {Kydd, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1073/pnas.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Kydd - 1997 - Game Theory and the Spiral Model.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0891243208},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {371--400},
	Title = {{Game Theory and the Spiral Model}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.}}

@article{Lewis1997,
	Abstract = {We extend the standard procurement model to examine how an agent is optimally induced to acquire valuable planning information before he chooses an unobservable level of cost-reducing effort. Concerns about information acquisition cause important changes in standard incentive contracts. Reward structures with extreme financial payoffs arise, and super-high-powered contracts are coupled with contracts that entail pronounced cost sharing. However, if the principal can assign the planning and production tasks to two different agents, then all contracting distortions disappear and, except for forgone economies of scope, the principal achieves her most preferred outcome.},
	Author = {Lewis, Tracy R. and Sappington, David E. M.},
	Doi = {10.1086/262094},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Lewis {\&} Sappington - 1997 - Information Management in Incentive Problems.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00223808},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {796},
	Title = {{Information Management in Incentive Problems}},
	Volume = {105},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/262094}}

@article{Allan1999,
	Abstract = {The increasing popularity of game modeling in international relations theory has fostered a tendency toward theoretical elegance to the detriment of empirical concerns. In this article attention is focused on the empirical implications of a series of choices that users of game theory must make when they model social interactions. In particular, possible trade-offs between theoretical complexity and empirical robustness are evaluated. This is done both abstractly and with specific references to recent modeling efforts in the fields of security and international political economy.},
	Author = {Allan, P. and Dupont, C.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0192512199201002},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Allan {\&} Dupont - 1999 - IR Theory and Game Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0192512199201},
	Issn = {0192-5121},
	Journal = {International Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {23--47},
	Title = {{International Relations Theory and Game Theory: Baroque Modeling Choices and Empirical Robustness}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512199201002}}

@article{Fowler2012a,
	Author = {Fowler, Anthony},
	Doi = {10.1017/psrm.2014.25},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Fowler - 2015 - Regular and Marginal Voters.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {2049-8470},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--29},
	Title = {{Regular Voters, Marginal Voters, and the Electoral Effects of Turnout}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2014.25}}

@article{Jervis1978,
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	Doi = {10.4135/9781412994088.n329},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Jervis - 1978 - Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9781412927482},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {167--214},
	Title = {{Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {1978},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412994088.n329}}

@article{Bueno2013,
	Author = {{Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Bueno de Mesquita - 2013 - Rebel Tactics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {323--357},
	Title = {{Rebel Tactics}},
	Volume = {121},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Baliga2011,
	Abstract = {We build a game-theoretic model where aggression can be triggered by domestic political concerns as well as the fear of being attacked. In the model, leaders of full and limited democracies risk losing power if they do not stand up to threats from abroad. In addition, the leader of a fully democratic country loses the support of the median voter if he attacks a non-hostile country. The result is a non-monotonic relationship between democracy and peace. Using Polity data, we classify countries as full democracies, limited democracies, and dictatorships. For the period 1816--2000, Correlates of War data suggest that limited democracies are more aggressive than other regime types, including dictatorships, and not only during periods when the political regime is changing. In particular, a dyad of limited democracies is more likely to be involved in a militarized dispute than any other dyad (including ``mixed'' dyads, where the two countries have different regime types). Thus, while full democratization might advance the cause of peace, limited democratization might advance the cause of war.We also find that as the environment becomes more hostile, fully democratic countries become more aggressive faster than other regime types.},
	Author = {Baliga, Sandeep and Lucca, David O. and Sj{\"{o}}str{\"{o}}m, Tomas},
	Doi = {10.1093/restud/rdq027},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Baliga, Lucca {\&} Sjostrom - 2011 - Domestic Political Suvival and International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00346527},
	Journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
	Keywords = {Democratic peace,Limited democracy,Schelling's dilemma},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {458--486},
	Title = {{Domestic political survival and international conflict: Is democracy good for peace?}},
	Volume = {78},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdq027}}

@article{Cerny2000,
	Abstract = {Traditionally, the central problematic of the Westphalian states system has been how to counteract the so-called `security dilemma', the tendency for states in a context of uncertainty to defect from cooperative arrangements if they perceive other states' security preparations as threatening (misperception; arms racing). As the states system became more centralized and the number of major players declined in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the nondivisibility of benefits---the dangers of potential defection (world wars; nuclear annihilation)---grew while states' incentives to defect increasingly necessitated control from the centre. The end of the Cold War, however, has reflected not a further centralization (nondivisibility) of benefits in the international system but (1) an increasing divisibility of benefits in a globalizing world economy and (2) the declining effectiveness of interstate mechanisms at preventing defection not only by states (`defection from above') but also by non-state, sub-state and trans-state actors (`defection from below'). In this `new security dilemma', the range of incentives grows for the latter to defect from the states system itself--- unless coopted through the increased availability of divisible benefits. Furthermore, attempts to impose security from above (intervention) can create backlashes which interact with complex globalization processes to create new sources of uncertainty: overlapping and com- peting cross-border networks of power, shifting loyalties and identities, and new sources of endemic low-level conflict. In this context, emerging mechanisms of stabilization will be uneven, characterized by structural tensions and suboptimal performance.},
	Author = {Cerny, Philip G.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0260210500006239},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Cerny - 2000 - The New Security Dilemma.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0260-2105},
	Issn = {02602105},
	Journal = {Review of International Studies},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {623--646},
	Title = {{The New Security Dilemma: divisibility, defection and disorder in the global era}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0260210500006239}}

@misc{Glaeser2005,
	Abstract = {Party platforms differ sharply from one another, especially on issues with religious content, such as abortion or gay marriage. Religious extremism in the U.S. appears to be strategically targeted to win elections, since party platforms diverge significantly, while policy outcomes like abortion rates are not affected by changes in the governing party. Given the high returns from attracting the median voter, why do vote-maximizing politicians veer off into extremism? In this paper, we find that strategic extremism depends on an important intensive margin where politicians want to induce their core constituents to vote (or make donations) and the ability to target political messages towards those core constituents. Our model predicts that the political relevance of religious issues is highest when around one-half of the voting population attends church regularly. Using data from across the world and within the U.S., we indeed find a non-monotonic relationship between religious extremism and religious attendance.},
	Author = {Glaeser, Edward L. and Ponzetto, Giacomo A. M. and Shapiro, Jesse M.},
	Booktitle = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Doi = {10.1162/003355305775097533},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Glaeser, Ponzetto {\&} Shapiro - 2005 - Strategic Extremism.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00335533},
	Issn = {0033-5533},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1283--1330},
	Title = {{Strategic Extremism: Why Republicans and Democrats Divide on Religious Values}},
	Volume = {120},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003355305775097533}}

@article{Jervis1988,
	Abstract = {In a recent study, Buekers, Magill, and Hall (1992) showed that even when verbal knowledge of results (KR) was redundant with sensory feedback, erroneous KR influenced the learning of motor skills. To determine why this occurred, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects performed 50 practice trials on a complex anticipation task and then performed three non-KR retention tests of 25 trials each. The results indicated that when correct KR and erroneous KR were provided alternately, subjects ignored the erroneous KR and performed according to the correct KR. Experiment 2 compared different ratios of no KR to erroneous KR. The results showed that, for low ratios (1:1 and 4:1), learning experience was similar to a condition in which erroneous KR was presented on all trials. For a higher ratio (9:1), however, learning performance was similar to performance when KR was correct on all trials or was not presented. These results are interpreted as support for the hypothesis that when two conflicting sources of information are available, the subject's degree of uncertainty about the valid source of information influences his selection of the information to guide performance},
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0043887100009138},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Jervis - 1989 - Realism, Game Theory, and Cooperation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0043-8871},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {317--349},
	Title = {{Realism, Game Theory, and Cooperation}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100009138}}

@article{Acemoglu2014,
	Abstract = {We propose a model of cycles of distrust and conflict. Overlapping generations of agents from two groups sequentially play coordination games under incomplete information about whether the other side consists of extremists who will never take the ...},
	Author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Wolitzky, Alexander},
	Doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2112262},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Acemoglu {\&} Wolitzky - 2014 - Cycles of Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1556-5068},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1350--1367},
	Title = {{Cycles of Conflict: An Economic Model}},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2112262}}

@article{Fang2010,
	Abstract = {The authors develop a model of alliances with outside options to study$\backslash$nburden sharing in nonbinding alliance agreements. The analysis provides$\backslash$nan explanation for the variation in ally contributions to {\{}NATO{\}}$\backslash$nover time and why the {\{}post----??Cold{\}} War period has seen an increase$\backslash$nin the use of coalitions of the willing. Additionally, the analysis$\backslash$nreveals something of an initiator's disadvantage in burden sharing----??the$\backslash$ninitiator of an alliance action pays a disproportionate cost of the$\backslash$nmilitary burden. The authors' argument provides an alternative explanation$\backslash$nfor why the United States has been consistently the largest contributor$\backslash$nto {\{}NATO.{\}}},
	Author = {Fang, Songying and Ramsay, Kristopher. W.},
	Doi = {10.1177/1065912908327528},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Fang {\&} Ramsay - 2010 - Outside Options and Burden Sharing in Nonbinding Alliances.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1065-9129},
	Issn = {1065-9129},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Keywords = {alliances,depends on its relative,larger and richer,political economy,size,that is},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {188--202},
	Title = {{Outside Options and Burden Sharing in Nonbinding Alliances}},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912908327528}}

@article{Christoff2006,
	Abstract = {Weak early compliance with the Kyoto Protocol's current emissions reduction targets and the longer term impact of the US's defection point to emerging problems for the Protocol's effectiveness and legitimacy. This article argues that such problems could in part be addressed by shifting the emphasis of negotiations over the Protocol's second commitment period away from attempts to reengage the United States. Instead, these negotiations and key actors like the European Union should aim for a framework and 'culture of compliance' that actively engage the 'emergent major emitters', China, India and Brazil, either by including them in the Protocol's Annex B list of states, or in a new annex created specially to accommodate them.},
	Author = {Christoff, Peter},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00574.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Christoff - 2006 - Post-Kyoto, Post-Bush, Climate Coalition of Willing.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00205850},
	Journal = {International Affairs},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {831--860},
	Title = {{Post-kyoto? Post-Bush? Towards an effective 'climate coalition of the willing'}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00574.x}}

@article{Glaser1997,
	Author = {Glaser, Charles L.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Glaser - 1997 - The Security Dilemma Revisited.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {171--201},
	Title = {{The Security Dilemma Revisited}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Baum2013,
	Abstract = {Media outlets in multiparty electoral systems tend to report on a wider range of policy issues than media in two-party systems. They thus make more competing policy frames available to citizens. This suggests that a ``free press'' is insufficient to hold governments accountable. Rather, we should observe more challenges to the governments' preferred frames and more politically aware citizens in multiparty democracies. Such citizens should thus be better equipped to hold their leaders accountable, relative to their counterparts in two-party democracies. I propose a mechanism through which democratic publics can sometimes constrain their leaders in foreign policy. I test hypotheses derived from my theory with cross-national data on the content of news coverage of Iraq, on public support for the war, and on decisions to contribute troops to the Iraq ``Coalition of the Willing.'' I find that citizens in countries with larger numbers of parties confronted more critical and diverse coverage of Iraq, while those with more widespread access to mass media were more likely to oppose the war and their nations likely to contribute fewer troops to the Coalition.},
	Author = {Baum, Matthew A.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00627.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Baum - 2013 - Iraq Coalition of the Willing.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {442--458},
	Title = {{The Iraq Coalition of the Willing and (Politically) Able: Party Systems, the Press, and Public Influence on Foreign Policy}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00627.x}}

@article{Hess1991,
	Abstract = {The frequency of foreign conflict initiations in the United States is found to be significantly greater following the onset of recessions during a president's first term than in other periods. We develop an economic theory of the political use of wars which links the election cycle, war decisions, and economic performance consistent with the observed relationships among these events. An incumbent leader with an unfavorable economic perfonnance record may initiate a war to force the learning of his war leadership abilities and thus salvage, with some probability, his reelection. This obtains despite voter rationality and informational symmetry},
	Author = {Hess, Gregory D and Orphanides, Athanasios},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Hess {\&} Orphanides - 1995 - War Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0002-8282 Keywords-Plus = POSITIVE THEORY; PUBLIC-OPINION; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; FORCE GOVERNMENT; EQUILIBRIUM; PRESIDENT; POLICY Subject-Category = Economics Number-of-Cited-References = 39 Times-Cited = 61 Journal-ISO = Am. Econ. Rev. Doc-Delivery-NU - TF603 Unique-ID - ISI:A1995TF60300009},
	Issn = {0002-8282},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {828--847},
	Title = {{War Politics: An Economic, Rational-Voter Framework}},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Fearon1994,
	Abstract = {Domestic Politics and International Relations},
	Author = {Fearon, James D.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2944796},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Fearon - 1994 - Domestic Political Audiences and Escalation of Disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00030554},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {577--592},
	Title = {{Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes}},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944796}}

@article{Kydd2000,
	Abstract = {Of the three major theories developed by post-World War II American social science to explain arms races, the repeated prisoner's dilemma, the spiral model, and the deterrence model, the deterrence model has received the least attention from game theorists. I present a model of this perspective and discuss its implications for arms racing and arms-control theory. Arms races arise in the model when there is a conflict of interest between two states and uncertainty about the ability of at least one side to bear the strains of increased military spending. The model provides support for two common critiques of arms control. First, arms control is difficult to achieve when it is most needed, when there is a dispute accompanied by uncertainty that could lead to war. Second, arms races, though they occur in times of tension, do not necessarily increase the likelihood of war and may even reduce it by reducing uncertainty about relative power.},
	Author = {Kydd, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.2307/2669307},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Kydd - 2000 - Arms Races and Arms Control.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {228--244},
	Title = {{Arms races and arms control: Modeling the hawk perspective}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2669307}}

@article{Bellany1996,
	Author = {Bellany, I.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343396033003002},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Bellany - 1996 - Defensive Arms and the Security Dilemma a cybernetic approach.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {263--271},
	Title = {{Defensive Arms and the Security Dilemma: A Cybernetic Approach}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343396033003002}}

@article{Buchanan1975,
	Author = {Buchanan, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Buchanan - 1975 - Public Finance and Public Choice.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {National Tax Journal},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {383--394},
	Title = {{Public Finance and Public Choice}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {1975}}

@article{Hunter2004,
	Abstract = {The recent U.S. experiment in unilateralism has shown the limitations of "coalitions of the willing." Washington should reaffirm its commitment to the Atlantic alliance and act with others when it can, alone only when it must.},
	Author = {Hunter, Robert E},
	Doi = {papers2://publication/uuid/1F0368FD-6909-4B63-9B07-2111AF4B9416},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Hunter - 2004 - A Forward-Looking Partnernship future of Nato alliances.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {14--18},
	Title = {{A Forward-Looking Partnership: Nato and the Future of Alliances}},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {papers2://publication/uuid/1F0368FD-6909-4B63-9B07-2111AF4B9416}}

@article{Dickson2009,
	Abstract = {Governments are charged with monitoring citizens' compliance with prescribed behavioral standards and punishing noncompliance. Flaws in information available to enforcing agents, however, may lead to subsequent enforcement errors, eroding government authority and undermining incentives for compliance. We explore these concepts in a laboratory experiment. A ``monitor'' player makes punishment decisions after receiving noisy signals about other players' choices to contribute to a public good. We find that the possibility of wrongly accusatory signals has a more deleterious effect on contribution levels than the possibility of wrongly exculpatory signals. We trace this across-treatment difference to a ``false positives trap'': when members of a largely compliant population are sometimes incorrectly accused, some will be unjustly punished if enforcement power is employed, but non-compliant individuals will escape punishment if that power is abdicated. Either kind of error discourages compliance. An additional treatment demonstrates that the functioning of a given enforcement institution may vary, depending on its origins. We consider implications of our findings for theories of deterrence, fairness, and institutional legitimacy.},
	Author = {Dickson, Eric S. and Gordon, Sanford C. and Huber, Gregory a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609990235},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Dickson, Gordon {\&} Huber - 2009 - Enforcement and Compliance in an Uncertain World.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1357},
	Title = {{Enforcement and Compliance in an Uncertain World: An Experimental Investigation}},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609990235}}

@article{Tago2009,
	Abstract = {Why do some democracies break their security commitments whereas others do not? This study proposes a research strategy to answer the question by analyzing the timing of unilateral exits from a coalition military operation. Coalition participants typically do not exit until a military mission has been accomplished. However, in the case of the US-led coalition occupying Iraq since May 2003, 16 states have unilaterally withdrawn their armed forces. Despite the danger such defections may cause to the relationship of these states with the USA, why and when do they exit? The author creates a dataset with a state-month unit of analysis that contains information on 37 partner states and applies a Cox proportional hazard model. The study finds that the occurrence of a national election serves as a strong driving force to accelerate an exit from the coalition. An incumbent leader who faces a challenger who opposes military contributions in Iraq would reverse the policy to support the USA and exit the coali- tion to win an election, even at the risk of damaging a bilateral relationship with the USA. A change in leadership after an election, on the other hand, failed to be a predictor of the timing of defection. Furthermore, results reveal that the division of power within the government and the constitutional rules that enable significant parliamentary control over executive decisions to use force neither delay nor accelerate the timing of withdrawal. To understand the conditions under which democracies break their security commitments, more attention should be paid to election cycles than to a change in leadership and to types of democratic institutional and constitutional arrangements.},
	Author = {Tago, Atsushi},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343308100716},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Tago - 2009 - Unreliable Democratic Friends pulling troops from coalition of willing.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022343308100},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {219--234},
	Title = {{When Are Democratic Friends Unreliable? The Unilateral Withdrawal of Troops from the `Coalition of the Willing'}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308100716}}

@article{Wagner1983,
	Abstract = {The Prisoner's Dilemma game, Rousseau's image of the Stag Hunt, and the concept of a security dilemma have all been used to support the argument that much international conflict is the result of anarchy at the global level rather than the aggressive intentions of governments. This article argues that the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Stag Hunt are usually inadequate models of the problem they have been used to illuminate, and that a security dilemma as commonly defined need not have the implications that are ascribed to it. It also argues that developing more adequate models of the general problem of enforcing agreements in a condition of anarchy will help us to understand better why international cooperation is more easily achieved in some areas than in others.},
	Author = {Wagner, R. Harrison},
	Doi = {10.2307/1958919},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/The Theory of Games and the Problem of International Cooperation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {330--346},
	Title = {{The Theory of Games and the Problem of International Cooperation}},
	Volume = {77},
	Year = {1983},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1958919}}

@article{Snidal1985,
	Abstract = {The study of political institutions in general and international cooperation in particular has been beneficially influenced by the Prisoners'Dilemma (PD) game model, but there is a mistaken tendency to treat PD as representing the singular problem of collective action and cooperation. By relaxing the assumptions of 2 x2 games and developing an alternate model of the coordination game, I show how some cooperation problems have very different properties from those found in PD. The analytical results of the two games are compared across several important dimensions: number of strategies available, number of iterations of the game, numbers of players, and the distribution of power among them. The discussion is illustrated with specific problems of international cooperation, and the implications of alternative cooperation problems for the formation and performance of international regimes are explored. The basic solutions for PD and coordination have divergent ramifications for the institutionalization, stability, and adaptability of regimes and for the role of hegemony in the international system. However, the coordination model does not replace the PD model but complements and supplements it as a way to understand the diversity of political institutions. These results are widely applicable to areas of politics beyond international relations.},
	Author = {Snidal, Duncan},
	Doi = {10.2307/1956241},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Snidal - 1985 - Coordination vs PD implications for international orgs.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00030554},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {cooperation,game theory,regimes},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {923--942},
	Pmid = {1956241},
	Title = {{Coordination versus Prisoners' Dilemma: Implications for International Cooperation and Regimes}},
	Volume = {79},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956241}}

@article{Wang2003,
	Author = {Wang, XH and Yang, BZ},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Wang {\&} Yang - 2003 - Classification of 2x2 and Strategic Business Behavior.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economist},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {78--85},
	Title = {{Classification of 2×2 Games and Strategic Business Behavior}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Snyder1984,
	Author = {Snyder, Glenn H.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Snyder - 1984 - The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {461--495},
	Title = {{The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1984}}

@article{Smith1998,
	Abstract = {Audience costs enable leaders to make credible commitments and to communicate their intentions to their adversaries during a crisis. I explain audience costs by simultaneously modeling crisis behavior and the domestic reelection process. I assume that a leader's ability influences the outcome of a crisis. As such, voters use outcomes as a signal of their leaders' quality. Leaders have incentives to make statements that deter their enemies abroad, since these statements also enhance their standing at home. Yet, such "cheap talk" foreign policy declarations are only credible when leaders suffer domestically if they fail to fulfill their commitments. In equilibrium, false promises are only made by the least competent types of leaders. Leaders that break their promises suffer electorally. Because initial domestic conditions and institutional arrangements affect the vulnerability of leaders to these domestic costs, such factors influence the credibility of policy declarations and, therefore, the crisis outcome.},
	Author = {Smith, Alastair},
	Doi = {10.1126/science.151.3712.868},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Google Drive/papers/Smith - 1998 - International Crises and Domestic Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1537-5943},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {623--638},
	Pmid = {17746760},
	Title = {{International Crises and Domestic Politics}},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.151.3712.868}}

@article{Angeletos2006,
	Abstract = {This paper introduces signaling in a global game so as to examine the informational role of policy in coordination environments such as currency crises and bank runs. While exogenous asymmetric in- formation has been shown to select a unique equilibrium, we show that the endogenous information generated by policy interventions leads to multiple equilibria. The policy maker is thus trapped into a position in which self-fulfilling expectations dictate not only the co- ordination outcome but also the optimal policy. This result does not rely on the freedom to choose out-of-equilibrium beliefs, nor on the policy being a public signal; it may obtain even if the policy is observed with idiosyncratic noise.},
	Author = {Angeletos, George-Marios and Hellwig, Christian and Pavan, Alessandro},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Angeletos, Hellwig, Pavan - 2006 - Signaling in a Global Game Coordination and Policy Trap.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {452--484},
	Title = {{Signaling in a Global Game: Coordination and Policy Trap}},
	Volume = {114},
	Year = {2006}}

@misc{Milgrom1994,
	Abstract = {Consider a family of maximization models in which the optimum trades off beneficial and costly effects. Then comparative statics derived under many kinds of simplifying assumptions about the benefits technology are also true for general (convex and nonconvex) technologies. For example, any comparative statics conclusion about investment by a risk-averse decision maker under uncertainty that holds when expected returns are described by a general linear function also holds for an arbitrary nonlinear expected return function.},
	Author = {Milgrom, Paul},
	Booktitle = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Doi = {10.1086/261948},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milgrom - 1994 - Comparing Optima Do Simplifying Assumptions Affect Conclusions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3808},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {607--615},
	Title = {{Comparing Optima: Do Simplifying Assumptions Affect Conclusions?}},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261948}}

@article{BuenodeMesquita1999,
	Abstract = {We examine formally the link between domestic political institutions and policy choices in the context of eight empirical regularities that constitute the democratic peace. We demonstrate that democratic leaders, when faced with war, are more inclined to shift extra resources into the war effort than are autocrats. This follows because the survival of political leaders with larger winning coalitions hinges on successful policy. The extra effort made by democrats provides a military advantage over autocrats. This makes democrats unattractive targets, since their institutional constraints cause them to mobilize resources for the war effort. In addition to trying harder, democrats are mroe selective in their choice of targets. Because defeat is more likely to lead to domestic replacment for democrats than for autocrats, democrats only initiate wars they expect to win. These two factors lead to the interaction bewteen polities that is often referred to as the democratic peace.},
	Author = {{Bueno de Mesquita}, Bruce and Morrow, James D. and Siverson, Randolph M. and Smith, Alastair},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bueno de Mesquita et al. - 1999 - An Institutional Explanation for the Democratic Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {791--807},
	Title = {{An Institutional Explanation for the Democratic Peace}},
	Volume = {93},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Bandyopadhyay2011,
	Abstract = {A two-stage game depiction of counterterrorism is presented, emphasizing the interaction between preemptive and defensive measures taken by two commonly targeted countries. The preemptor is apt to be the high-cost defender with the greater foreign interests. A prime-target country may also assume the preemptor role. The analysis identifies key factors---cost comparisons, foreign interests, targeting risks and domestic terrorism losses---that determine counterterrorism allocations. Market failures associated with preemptive and defensive measures may be jointly ameliorated by a disadvantaged defender. Nevertheless, the subgame perfect equilibrium will still be suboptimal since externalities are not fully internalized.},
	Author = {Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu and Sandler, Todd},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00823.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bandyopadhyay, Sandler - 2011 - The Interplay Between Preemptive and Defensive Counterterrorism Measures A Two-stage Game.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00130427},
	Issn = {00130427},
	Journal = {Economica},
	Number = {311},
	Pages = {546--564},
	Title = {{The Interplay Between Preemptive and Defensive Counterterrorism Measures: A Two-stage Game}},
	Volume = {78},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00823.x}}

@article{ArceM.2005,
	Abstract = {This article establishes the prevalence of deterrence over preemption when targeted governments can choose between either policies or employ both. There is a similar proclivity to favor defensive counter-terrorist measures over proactive policies. Unfortunately, this predisposition results in an equilibrium with socially inferior payoffs when compared with proactive responses. Proactive policies tend to provide purely public: benefits to all potential targets and are usually undersupplied, whereas defensive policies tend to yield a strong share of provider-specific benefits and are often oversupplied. When terrorists direct a disproportionate number of attacks at one government, its reliance on defensive measures can disappear. Ironically, terrorists can assist governments in addressing coordination dilemmas associated with some antiterrorist policies by targeting some countries more often than others.},
	Author = {{Arce M.}, Daniel G. and Sandler, Todd},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002704272863},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Arce M., Sandler - 2005 - Counterterrorism A Game-Theoretic Analysis.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022-0027},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Keywords = {counterterrorism,deterrence,nash,noncooperative game,preemption,terrorism},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {183--200},
	Title = {{Counterterrorism: A Game-Theoretic Analysis}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002704272863}}

@article{Sandler2006,
	Abstract = {This paper analyses two anti-terrorism policies when a targeted nation's people and property are in jeopardy at home and abroad. A country's deterrence decision involves both external benefits and costs as the terrorist threat is deflected, while its preemption decision typically gives external benefits when the threat is reduced for all potential targets. With damages limited to home interests, a country will overdeter, while, for globalized terror, a country will underdeter. Pre-emption is usually undersupplied. Leader-follower behaviour is apt to lessen inefficiency for deterrence, but worsen inefficiency for pre-emption, compared with simultaneous-choice equilibrium allocations. Targeted nations can never achieve the proper counterterrorism policy through leadership.},
	Author = {Sandler, Todd and Siqueira, Kevin},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5982.2006.00393.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sandler, Siqueira - 2006 - Global terrorism Deterrence versus pre-emption.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00084085},
	Journal = {Canadian Journal of Economics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1370--1387},
	Title = {{Global terrorism: Deterrence versus pre-emption}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2006.00393.x}}

@article{Milgrom1994a,
	Abstract = {We develop an ordinal approach to comparing the equilibria of economic models. Its main advantages over the traditional approach based on signing derivatives are that (i) it utilizes only a subset of the assumptions, resulting in a simpler theory that facilitates focusing attention on the economics rather than the mathematics, (ii) it applies to discrete changes, even when there are multiple equilibria and when some equilibria do not vary smoothly with the parameters, and (iii) it incorporates a formal theory of the robustness of conclusions to assumptions, which helps modelers distinguish which assumptions are "critical" to their comparative-statics conclusions.},
	Author = {Milgrom, Paul and Roberts, John},
	Doi = {10.2307/2118061},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milgrom, Roberts - 1994 - Comparing Equilibria.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0002-8282},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {441--459},
	Title = {{Comparing Equilibria}},
	Volume = {84},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2118061}}

@article{Carter,
	Abstract = {We present a model of two-candidate elections in which candidates are office-motivated, campaigning is voluntary and costly, and one candidate has a valence advantage. In equilibrium, the order of campaign announcements matters: Each candidatewould prefer to announce his or her position after the other candidate has announced his or hers.The fundamental predictions of the model are (1) the impact of valence and campaigning costs on candidates' equilibrium behaviors is in general ambiguous, requiring further specification of the details of the electoral situation, and (2) in general, equilibrium platform announcements are essentially independent of the location of the median voter's ideal point. In addition, the model is consistent with elections in which both, only one, or neither candidate actively campaigns, and, finally, even when one candidate has a large valence advantage, there might be no equilibrium in which he or she will win the election with certainty.},
	Author = {Carter, Jennifer and Patty, John W.},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12136},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carter, Patty - 2015 - Valence and Campaigns.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science, (forthcoming)},
	Pages = {1--16},
	Title = {{Valence and Campaigns}},
	Year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12136}}

@article{Gordon2009a,
	Abstract = {How do voters evaluate candidates in competitive elections? Gordon et al. [Gordon, S.C., Huber, G.A., Landa, D., 2007. Challenger entry and voter learning. American Political Science Review 101 (May), pp. 303-320.] present a model in which the fact of a serious electoral challenge conveys information about the relative competence of the candidates, over and above that conveyed by observable measures of candidate quality. The model predicts differences in voters' responses to candidates depending on challenger opportunity costs. Taken together, these predictions diverge from those associated with an alternative theoretical account. We take advantage of the variation in challenger opportunity costs afforded by state legislative term limits to evaluate the model's predictions. State legislators frequently challenge sitting members of the U.S. House. Those who are term-limited have less to lose from running, whereas those who are not must often risk their current position in pursuit of higher office. Using data on voter attitudes and knowledge about House elections involving state legislators, we find compelling evidence that voters respond to variation in challenger opportunity costs in a manner consistent with the model's predictions. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	Author = {Gordon, Sanford C. and Huber, Gregory A. and Landa, Dimitri},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2008.07.006},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gordon, Huber, Landa - 2009 - Voter Responses to Challenger Opportunity Costs.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {02613794},
	Journal = {Electoral Studies},
	Keywords = {Candidate Entry,Candidate Opportunity Costs,Candidate Quality,Empirical Tests of Formal Models,Formal Theory,Strategic Challenger Entry,Term Limits,Voter Information Acquisition},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {79--93},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	Title = {{Voter Responses to Challenger Opportunity Costs}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2008.07.006}}

@article{Ansolabehere2001b,
	Abstract = {We assess the importance of parties in Congress by comparing roll-call voting behavior against the preferences of members of the House as expressed in surveys conducted during the 1996 and 1998 elections. The surveys were conducted by Project Vote Smart. Our findings support two key conclusions. First, both party and prefer- ences mattered in predicting roll-call behavior in the 103d, 104th, and 105th Congresses. We assess the importance of parties in Congress by comparing roll-call voting gresses. Second, the independent effects of party were present in only about 40{\%} of roll calls. The incidence of party effects was highest on close votes, procedural votes, and key "party" issues. It was lowest on matters of conscience, such as abortion, and "off-the-first-dimension" issues, such as affirmative action and gun control.},
	Author = {Ansolabehere, Stephen and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M. and {Stewart, III.}, Charles},
	Doi = {10.2307/440269},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ansolabehere, Snyder, Jr., Stewart, III. - 2001 - The Effects of Party and Preferences on Congressional Roll-Call Voting.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {AP001229 03629805 AP020106 02A00030},
	Issn = {03629805},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {533--572},
	Title = {{The Effects of Party and Preferences on Congressional Roll-Call Voting}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/440269}}

@article{Adams1997,
	Author = {Adams, Greg D. and Squire, Peverill},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adams, Squire - 1997 - Incumbent Vulnerability and Challenger Emergence in U.S. Senate Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Political Behavior},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {97--111},
	Title = {{Incumbent Vulnerability and Challenger Emergence in U.S. Senate Elections}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Hogan2008,
	Author = {Hogan, Robert E.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hogan - 2008 - Policy Responsiveness in State Legislatures and Incumbent Reelection.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Sciencerican},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {858--873},
	Title = {{Policy Responsiveness in State Legislatures and Incumbent Reelection}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Carson2003,
	Abstract = {In recent work, Signorino (American Political Science Review 93:279-297, 1999; International Interactions 28:93-115, 2002) has sought to test statistical models derived from extensive-form games in the context of international relations research focusing on conflict and interstate bargaining. When two or more actors interact with one another under conditions of uncertainty, Signorino demonstrates that it is necessary to incorporate such strategic interaction into the underlying model to avoid potential threats to statistical inference. Outside the realm of international relations research, however, there have been limited applications of Signorino's strategic probit model in understanding strategic interaction. In this article, I present an empirical comparison of probit and strategic probit models in the context of candidate competition in House elections during the 1990s. I show that incumbent spending deters challenger entry and factors such as minority party affiliation and redistricting significantly affect incumbent career decisions, findings that run counter to those reported in the nonstrategic model. Overall, the results illustrate that failing to account for strategic interaction can lead to biased and inaccurate estimates related to challenger and incumbent entry decisions.},
	Author = {Carson, Jamie L.},
	Doi = {10.1093/pan/mpg022},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carson - 2003 - Strategic Interaction and Candidate Competition in U.S. House Elections Empirical Applications of Probit and Strategic P.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1047-1987},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {368--380},
	Title = {{Strategic Interaction and Candidate Competition in U.S. House Elections: Empirical Applications of Probit and Strategic Probit Models}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpg022}}

@article{Squire2000,
	Abstract = {Uncontested seats are far more common in U.S. state legislative elections than in U.S. House elections. But the incidence of uncontested seats varies across the states. In this paper, I attempt to explain that variance. Using pooled data on state legislative elections from 1992 to 1996, I test relationships suggested by the literature on uncontested seats in U.S. House elections. In addition, I also look at important differences among the state legislatures, such as level of professionalization, the competitiveness of the state's electoral system, the use of multimember districts, and the institution of term limits. I find that the value of a seat, measured either by professionalization level or member pay, and the competitiveness of the state's electoral system are powerful variables in explaining the incidence of uncontested seats across the states. Region also is important, with state legislatures in the South suffering a higher percentage of uncontested seats than state legislatures in the North.},
	Author = {Squire, Peverill},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Squire - 2000 - Uncontested Seats in State Legislative Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {131--146},
	Title = {{Uncontested Seats in State Legislative Elections}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Lazarus2008,
	Abstract = {Most studies of candidate entry focus on the general election challenger, ignoring all other candidates. This limits the study of entry in two ways. First, results are not generalizable. Variables which have been found to correlate with the presence of an experienced challenger in the general election might not correlate with amateur entry or the entry of incumbent-party challengers. Second, existing tests of the ``Rational Model of Candidate Entry'' are weak tests. Studies regularly find a correlation between the presence of experienced challengers in the general election and the outparty's prospects of winning, but this is not a sufficient condition of the model. Amateurs are also more likely to run when the probability of winning is high, and if this correlation is as strong as that between experienced challenger entry and the prospects of winning, this would violate a prediction of the model. I address both issues by separately estimating the entry of experienced challengers and amateurs. Two primary results follow. First, evidence indicates strong support for the rational model. Second, correlates of entry are different for different types of challengers.},
	Author = {Lazarus, Jeffrey},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381608080791},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lazarus - 2008 - Buying In Testing the Rational Model of Candidate Entry.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {837--850},
	Title = {{Buying In: Testing the Rational Model of Candidate Entry}},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608080791}}

@article{Carson2005,
	Abstract = {In the context of congressional elections research on candidate competition, two lines of inquiry have received a considerable amount of scholarly attention. The first deals with the issue of strategic candidate emergence in seeking to identify the conditions under which experienced candidates will challenge incumbents. The second focuses on the question of incumbents' career choices, particularly in terms of their decisions to seek reelection or retire. While past research has treated these questions as mutually exclusive, I argue in this article that such explanations are incomplete due to the complementary nature of the approaches. To unify these related research agendas, I develop a theoretical model of strategic interaction between congressional challengers and incumbents and test the model with House and Senate elections data from 1976 to 2000 using a strategic probit technique. The results both confirm and challenge a number of findings in the literature on candidate competition.},
	Author = {Carson, Jamie L.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2005.00305.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carson - 2005 - Strategy, Selection, and Candidate Competition in U.S. House and Senate Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00223816},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--28},
	Title = {{Strategy, Selection, and Candidate Competition in U.S. House and Senate Elections}},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2005.00305.x}}

@article{Squire1989,
	Abstract = {Most theories of democracy assume that voters are offered parties,$\backslash$ncandidates, or issue positions among which to choose in an election.$\backslash$nBetween 1978 and 1988, 14{\%} of races for the U.S. House of Representatives$\backslash$nwere uncontested. Although this number represents a drop from the$\backslash$nhigher figures of two decades ago, it still suggests a significant$\backslash$nviolation of democratic principles. Probit analysis of data collected$\backslash$non the 1978 to 1984 elections reveals that uncontested races are$\backslash$nmore likely to occur in districts where the incumbent received a$\backslash$nhigh percentage of the vote in the previous election, where the incumbent$\backslash$nis a Democrat, and in the South. A majority of representatives who$\backslash$nare unchallenged in one election, however, are opposed in the next$\backslash$ncampaign. Because the vast majority of House members will face a$\backslash$nchallenger in some future election, the incentive for representation$\backslash$nprovided by potential opposition and defeat is maintained.},
	Author = {Squire, Peverill},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Squire - 1989 - Competition and Uncontested Seats in U. S. House Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {03629805},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {281--295},
	Title = {{Competition and Uncontested Seats in U. S. House Elections}},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Wrighton1997,
	Abstract = {We examine how changes in the incidence of uncontested seats for the$\backslash$nUS House of Representatives over time reflect responses to partisan$\backslash$nchange, changes in electoral rules, and long-term secular changes$\backslash$nin the American political system We use a multiple interrupted times$\backslash$nseries model to test the relationship between the number of uncontested$\backslash$nHouse seats from 1912 to 1994 and the 1932 realignment, midterm elections,$\backslash$nthe rise of the Republican South, redistricting, the abolition of$\backslash$ncrossfiling laws in California, and the pronounced rise of the incumbency$\backslash$nadvantage since 1966 We test models explaining the number of uncontested$\backslash$nHouse seats occupied by each party and the difference between the$\backslash$nparties in the number of those seats. We find that the rise of the$\backslash$nRepublican South started in 1964 and the incidence of midterm elections$\backslash$ncontributed strongly to changes in the overall rate of uncontested$\backslash$nHouse races.},
	Author = {Wrighton, J. Mark and Squire, Peverill},
	Doi = {10.2307/2998172},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wrighton, Squire - 1997 - Uncontested Seats and Electoral Competition for the U.S. House of Representatives Over Time.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {452},
	Title = {{Uncontested Seats and Electoral Competition for the U.S. House of Representatives Over Time}},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998172}}

@article{Anderson2009,
	Abstract = {Much economic policy is deliberately shifted away from direct political processes to administrative processes---political pressure deflection. Pressure deflection poses a puzzle to standard political economy models which suggest that having policies to `sell' is valuable to politicians. The puzzle is solved here by showing that incumbents will favor pressure deflection since it can deter viability of a challenger, essentially like entry deterrence. U.S. trade policy since 1934 provides a prime example, especially antidumping law and its evolution.},
	Author = {Anderson, James E. and Zanardi, Maurizio},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-009-9441-z},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anderson, Zanardi - 2009 - Political Pressure Deflection.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1112700994},
	Issn = {00485829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {Antidumping,Elections,Pressure deflection},
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {129--150},
	Title = {{Political Pressure Deflection}},
	Volume = {141},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9441-z}}

@article{Lazarus2008a,
	Abstract = {Politically experienced challengers are more successful in seeking political office than amateurs. The relationship is found so regularly that political experience has become the standard ex ante indicator of challenger quality in studies of American elections. Despite this, little work has investigated why experienced challengers are so successful. Many scholars attribute the relationship to inherent differences between experienced challengers and amateurs: experienced challengers have stronger electoral skills and greater access to material resources. I argue that these differences play a role, but an indirect one. Rather, experienced challengers are lead by both their resource advantage and the high amount of risk they are exposed to in seeking office to run in races in which their party has a good chance of winning. Thus, the direct cause of the experienced challengers' success is self-selection into winnable races. Empirical analysis supports the self-selection model over a model in which resources directly lead to success.},
	Author = {Lazarus, Jeffrey},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11109-007-9046-5},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lazarus - 2008 - Why Do Experienced Challengers Do Better than Amateurs.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {01909320},
	Journal = {Political Behavior},
	Keywords = {Amateurs,Candidate entry,Challengers,Elections,Political experience},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {185--198},
	Title = {{Why Do Experienced Challengers Do Better than Amateurs?}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9046-5}}

@article{Jewell1988,
	Abstract = {Complete election returns are now available for the 1968-1986 period$\backslash$nfor 14 state legislatures that used single-member districts exclusively$\backslash$nin both houses during that period. An analysis of incumbents shows$\backslash$nthat in most states there was only a modest increase over that period$\backslash$nin the proportion who sought reelection or succeeded in getting re-elected;$\backslash$nthe reason is that in most states that percentage was already high$\backslash$nin 1968. There was, however, a significant increase in most states$\backslash$nin the margin by which incumbents won, though not an increase in$\backslash$nwinning margins for open seats. In many states this increase was$\backslash$nlargely accounted for by an increase in the proportion of uncontested$\backslash$nelections.},
	Author = {Jewell, Malcolm E and Breaux, David},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jewell, Breaux - 1988 - The Effect of Incumbency on State Legislative Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {03629805},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {495--514},
	Title = {{The Effect of Incumbency on State Legislative Elections}},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Epstein1995,
	Abstract = {We examine the role of incumbent fundraising in deterring strong challengers. We construct a signaling model in which incumbents can use fundraising strategically to ward off quality challengers. We show, however, that only under very limited circumstances will there be an observable relationship between fundraising and challenger quality. Therefore, previous empirical tests for deterrence have systematically underestimated the effects of fundraising in decreasing electoral competition. Our analysis also suggests that by making fundraising easily observable, Federal Election Commission regulations may encourage candidates to overinvest time and resources accumulating large war chests instead of governing.},
	Author = {Epstein, David and Zemsky, Peter},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Epstein, Zemsky - 1995 - Money Talks Deterring Quality Challengers in Congressional Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {295--308},
	Title = {{Money Talks: Deterring Quality Challengers in Congressional Elections}},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Milgrom1990,
	Abstract = {We study a rich class of noncooperative games that includes models of oligopoly competition, macroeconomic coordination failures, arms races, bank runs, technology adoption and diffusion, R{\&}D competition, pretrial bargaining, coordination in teams, and many others. For all these games, the sets of pure strategy Nash equilibria, correlated equilibria, and rationalizable strategies have identical bounds. Also, for a class of models of dynamic adaptive choice behavior that encompasses both best-response dynamics and Bayesian learning, the players' choices lie eventually within the same bounds. These bounds are shown to vary monotonically with certain exogenous parameters.},
	Author = {Milgrom, Paul and Roberts, John},
	Doi = {10.2307/2938316},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milgrom, Roberts - 1990 - Rationalizability, Learning, and Equilibrium in Games with Strategic Complementarities.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00129682},
	Issn = {00129682},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Keywords = {game theory,iterated dominance,learning,strate-,supermodular games},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1255--1277},
	Title = {{Rationalizability, Learning, and Equilibrium in Games with Strategic Complementarities}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2938316}}

@article{Baliga2012,
	Abstract = {Two players choose hawkish or dovish actions in a conflict game with incomplete information. An ``extremist,'' who can either be a hawk or a dove, attempts to manipulate decision making. If actions are strategic complements, a hawkish extremist increases the likelihood of conflict, and reduces welfare, by sending a public message which triggers hawkish behavior from both players. If actions are strategic substitutes, a dovish extremist instead sends a public message which causes one player to become more dovish and the other more hawkish. A hawkish (dovish) extremist is unable to manipulate decision making if actions are strategic substitutes (complements). (JEL D74, D82)},
	Author = {Baliga, Sandeep and Sj{\"{o}}str{\"{o}}m, Tomas},
	Doi = {10.1257/aer.102.6.2897},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baliga, Sj{\"{o}}str{\"{o}}m - 2012 - The Strategy of Manipulating Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00028282},
	Issn = {0002-8282},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {6December 2001},
	Pages = {2897--2922},
	Title = {{The Strategy of Manipulating Conflict}},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.6.2897}}

@article{Ashworth2012,
	Abstract = {Competitive elections create a relationship of formal accountability between policy makers and citizens. Recent theoretical work suggests that there are limits on how well this formal accountability links policy decisions to citizen preferences. In particular, incumbents' incentives are driven not by the voters' evaluation of the normative desirability of outcomes but by the outcome's information about the incumbent's type (e.g., competence or ideology). This review surveys both this body of theory and the robust empirical literature it has spawned. It concludes with a short discussion of ongoing work that attempts to integrate this theoretical perspective with a richer view of policy-making institutions.},
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev-polisci-031710-103823},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ashworth - 2012 - Electoral Accountability Recent Theoretical and Empirical Work.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1094-2939$\backslash$n978-0-8243-3315-7},
	Issn = {1094-2939},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {campaigns and elections,incentives,political agency},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {183--201},
	Title = {{Electoral Accountability: Recent Theoretical and Empirical Work}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-031710-103823}}

@article{Holmstrom1979,
	Abstract = {The role of imperfect information in a principal-agent relationship subject to moral hazard is considered. A necessary and sufficient condition for imperfect information, to improve on contracts based on the payoff alone is derived, and a characterization of the optimal use of such information is given.},
	Author = {Holmstrom, Bengt},
	Doi = {10.2307/3003320},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Holmstrom - 1979 - Moral Hazard and Observability.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0361915X},
	Issn = {0361-915X},
	Journal = {The Bell Journal of Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {74--91},
	Pmid = {19928367},
	Title = {{Moral Hazard and Observability}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1979},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3003320}}

@article{Banks1998,
	Abstract = {This paper studies the interaction between a single long-lived principal and a series of short-lived agents in the presence of both moral hazard and adverse selection. We assume that the principal can influence the agents' behavior only through her choice of a retention rule; this rule is further required to be sequentially rational (i.e., no precommitment is allowed). We provide general conditions under which equilibria exist where (a) the principal adopts a cut-off rule under which agents are retained only when the reward they generate exceeds a critical bound; and (b) agents separate according to type, with better agents taking superior actions. We show that in equilibrium, a retained agent's productivity is necessarily declining over time, but that retained agents are also more productive on average than untried agents due to selection effects. Finally, we show that for each given type, agents of that type are more productive in the presence of adverse selection than when there is pure moral hazard (i.e., when that type is the sole type of agent in the model); nonetheless, adding uncertainty about agent-types cannot benefit the principal except in uninteresting cases.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C7, D7, D8.},
	Author = {Banks, Jeffrey S. and Sundaram, Rangarajan K.},
	Doi = {10.1006/jeth.1998.2422},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Banks, Sundaram - 1998 - Optimal Retention in Agency Problems.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00220531},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {293--323},
	Title = {{Optimal Retention in Agency Problems}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1998.2422}}

@article{Ashworth2005,
	Abstract = {I study a model of repeated elections with both symmetric learning about can- didate ability and moral hazard. In this model, candidates choose how to allo- cate their resources between constituency service and policy work. Early in their careers, they devote excessive time to constituency service in an attempt to manipulate voter learning. Since voters use elections to select better candi- dates, incumbents become more confident of reelection over time and reduce the distortion in their effort allocations. I embed the basic model in a common agency framework to study seniority norms in legislative organization. The model organizes many of the stylized facts about elections and congressional organization, including retrospective voting, the incumbency advantage, the dy- namics of effort allocation over a career, the importance of constituency service, and seniority norms in committee assignments.},
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott},
	Doi = {10.1093/jleo/ewi015},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ashworth - 2005 - Reputational dynamics and political careers.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {87566222},
	Journal = {Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {441--466},
	Title = {{Reputational dynamics and political careers}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewi015}}

@article{Benabou2011,
	Abstract = {1. Microeconomics - Welfare Economics - Altruism 2. Microeconomics - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - Asymmetric and Private Information 3. Public Economics - Publicly Provided Goods - Public Goods 4. Law and Economics - Basic Areas of Law 5. Law and Economics - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law 6. Other Special Topics - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and},
	Author = {Benabou, Roland and Tirole, Jean},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Benabou, Tirole - 2011 - Laws and Norms.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {17579},
	Journal = {Working Paper},
	Keywords = {Law and Economics,Public Economics},
	Number = {October 2010},
	Pages = {1--44},
	Title = {{Laws and Norms}},
	Volume = {17579},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Green2007,
	Abstract = {We consider a statistical decision problem faced by a two player organization whose members may not agree on outcome evaluations and prior probabilities. One player is specialized in gathering information and transmitting it to the other, who takes the decision. This process is modeled as a game. Qualitative properties of the equilibria are analyzed. The impact of improving the quality of available information on the equilibrium welfares of the two individuals is studied. Better information generally may not improve welfare. We give conditions under which it will. ?? 2006.},
	Author = {Green, Jerry R. and Stokey, Nancy L.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jet.2003.08.007},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Green, Stokey - 2007 - A two-person game of information transmission.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022-0531},
	Issn = {00220531},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
	Keywords = {Cheap talk,Communication games,Game theory,Information},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {90--104},
	Title = {{A two-person game of information transmission}},
	Volume = {135},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2003.08.007}}

@article{Kaplow2007,
	Abstract = {How should moral sanctions and moral rewards-the moral sentiments involving feelings of guilt and of virtue-be employed to govern individuals' behavior if the objective is to maximize social welfare? In the model that we examine, guilt is a disincentive to act and virtue is an incentive because we assume that they are negative and positive sources of utility. We also suppose that guilt and virtue are costly to inculcate and are subject to certain constraints on their use. We show that the moral sentiments should be used chiefly to control externalities and further that guilt is best to employ when most harmful acts can successfully be deterred whereas virtue is best when only a few individuals can be induced to behave well. We also contrast the optimal use of guilt and virtue to optimal Pigouvian taxation and discuss extensions of our analysis.},
	Author = {Kaplow, Louis and Shavell, Steven},
	Doi = {10.1086/519927},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kaplow, Shavell - 2007 - Moral Rules, the Moral Sentiments, and Behavior Toward a Theory of an Optimal Moral System.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022-3808},
	Issn = {0022-3808},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {494--514},
	Title = {{Moral Rules, the Moral Sentiments, and Behavior: Toward a Theory of an Optimal Moral System}},
	Volume = {115},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519927}}

@article{Powell2004,
	Abstract = {Much of the existing formal work on warmodels the decision to go to war as a game-ending, costly lottery. This article relaxes this assumption by treating war as a costly process during which the states run the risk of military collapse. The model also allows for uncertainty over either the cost of fighting or the distribution of power. The analysis makes four contributions to the growing costly-process literature: (i) the present model provides a more general treatment of the learning process that occurs when states are uncertain about the distribution of power, (ii) it explicitly compares the bargaining and learning processes for the two different sources of uncertainty, (iii) it suggests away to empirically distinguish wars arising from these two sources, and (iv) it shows that the equilibrium dynamics of informational accounts of warmay be quite sensitive to the underlying bargaining environment through which information is conveyed.},
	Author = {Powell, Robert},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00074.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Powell - 2004 - Bargaining and Learning While Fighting.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0092-5853},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {344--361},
	Title = {{Bargaining and Learning While Fighting}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00074.x}}

@book{Mas-Colell1995,
	Address = {Oxford},
	Author = {Mas-Colell, Andreu and Whinston, Michael D. and Green, Jerry R.},
	Pages = {981},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Microeconomic Theory}},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Thaler1988,
	Author = {Thaler, Richard H},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thaler - 1988 - Anomalies The Winner s Curse.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {191--202},
	Title = {{Anomalies The Winner s Curse}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Ashworth2014,
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott and {Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ashworth, Bueno de Mesquita - 2014 - Multitask, Accountability, and Institutional Design.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {working paper},
	Keywords = {career concerns,divided,elections,multitask,political agency,unified vs},
	Pages = {39},
	Title = {{Multitask, Accountability, and Institutional Design}},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{BuenoDeMesquita2010,
	Abstract = {I study how a revolutionary vanguard might use violence to mobilize a mass public. The mechanism is informational---the vanguard uses violence to manipulate population member's beliefs about the level of antigovernment sentiment in society. The model has multiple equilibria, one equilibrium in which there may be revolution and another in which there is certain not to be. In the former, structural factors influence expected mobilization, whereas in the latter they do not. Hence, the model is consistent with structural factors influencing the likelihood of revolution in some societies but not others, offering a partial defense of structural accounts from common critiques. The model also challenges standard arguments about the role of revolutionary vanguards. The model is consistent with vanguard violence facilitating mobilization and even sparking spontaneous uprisings. However, it also predicts selection effects---an active vanguard emerges only in societies that are already coordinated on a participatory equilibrium. Hence, a correlation between vanguard activity and mass mobilization may not constitute evidence for the causal efficacy of vanguards---be it through creating focal points, providing selective incentives, or communicating information.},
	Author = {{Bueno De Mesquita}, Ethan},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055410000274},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bueno De Mesquita - 2010 - Regime Change and Revolutionary Entrepreneurs.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0003-0554},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {446--466},
	Title = {{Regime Change and Revolutionary Entrepreneurs}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=6{\&}fid=7909398{\&}jid=PSR{\&}volumeId=104{\&}issueId=03{\&}aid=7909397{\&}fulltextType=RA{\&}fileId=S0003055410000274{\#}rfh1},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=6%7B%5C&%7Dfid=7909398%7B%5C&%7Djid=PSR%7B%5C&%7DvolumeId=104%7B%5C&%7DissueId=03%7B%5C&%7Daid=7909397%7B%5C&%7DfulltextType=RA%7B%5C&%7DfileId=S0003055410000274%7B%5C#%7Drfh1},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000274}}

@article{Hortala-Vallve2011,
	Abstract = {We analyze the interaction between electoral competition and voters' decision to vote. We show that when voters consider both the benefits and the costs of voting, politicians offer differentiated policies to motivate citizens to vote. In particular, politicians adapt their policies to the most sensitive voters-thus less sensitive voters abstain on the grounds of perceiving politicians as being too similar. In a multidimensional policy space, this implies that citizens who only care about a few issues do not vote. ?? 2010 Elsevier B.V.},
	Author = {Hortala-Vallve, Rafael and Esteve-Volart, Berta},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.11.003},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hortala-Vallve, Esteve-Volart - 2011 - Voter turnout and electoral competition in a multidimensional policy space.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0176-2680},
	Issn = {01762680},
	Journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
	Keywords = {Electoral competition,Turnout},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {376--384},
	Publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	Title = {{Voter turnout and electoral competition in a multidimensional policy space}},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.11.003},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.11.003}}

@article{Posner2005,
	Author = {Posner, Richard A.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Posner - 2005 - Guido Calabresi's 'The Costs of Accidents' A Reassessment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Maryland Law Review},
	Pages = {12--23},
	Title = {{Guido Calabresi's: `The Costs of Accidents': A Reassessment}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{Miceli2004,
	Address = {Stanford},
	Author = {Miceli, Thomas J.},
	Edition = {2nd},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Miceli - 2004 - The Economic Approach to Law.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {390},
	Publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	Title = {{The Economic Approach to Law}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Bigoni2012,
	Author = {Bigoni, Maria and Fridolfsson, Sven-Olof and {Le Coq}, Chloe and Spagnolo, Giancarlo},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bigoni et al. - 2012 - Fines, Leniency, and Rewards in Antitrust.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The RAND Journal of Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {368--390},
	Title = {{Fines, Leniency, and Rewards in Antitrust}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Ashworth2008a,
	Abstract = {We study the comparative statics of the incumbency advantage in a model of electoral selection and strategic challenger entry. The incumbency advantage arises in the model because, on average, incumbents have greater ability than challengers. This is true for two reasons: high-ability candidates are more likely to win election (electoral selection) and high-quality incumbents deter challengers (strategic challenger entry). We show that this quality-based incumbency advantage is expected to be greater for high visibility offices, in polities with relatively small partisan tides, in unpolarized electoral environments, and in electorates that are relatively balanced in their partisan preferences.},
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott and {Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381608081024},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ashworth, Bueno de Mesquita - 2008 - Electoral Selection, Strategic Challenger Entry, and the Incumbency Advantage.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1006--1025},
	Title = {{Electoral Selection, Strategic Challenger Entry, and the Incumbency Advantage}},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608081024}}

@article{Calabresi1972,
	Abstract = {Professor Calabresi and Mr. Melamed develop a framework for legal analysis which they believe serves to integrate various legal relationships which are traditionally analyzed in separate subject areas such as Property and Torts. By using their model to suggest solutions to the pollution problem that have been overlooked by writers in the field, and by applying the model to the question of criminal sanctions, they demonstrate the utility of such an integrated approach.},
	Author = {Calabresi, Guido and Melamed, A. Douglas},
	Doi = {10.2307/1340059},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Calabresi, Melamed - 1972 - Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability One View of the Cathedral.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0017811X},
	Issn = {0017811X},
	Journal = {Harvard Law Review},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1089--1128},
	Pmid = {20736566},
	Title = {{Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral}},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1972},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1340059}}

@article{Dee2009,
	Author = {Dee, Thomas},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dee - 2009 - Conditional Cash Penalties in Education Evidence from the Learnfare Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {NBER Working Paper},
	Number = {15126},
	Pages = {36},
	Title = {{Conditional Cash Penalties in Education: Evidence from the Learnfare Experiment}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Gordon2009,
	Abstract = {We develop a model that calls into question some longstanding presumptions about incumbency advantage. Our results show that increases in some of the ostensible benefits of incumbency frequently cited in the empirical and theoretical literature make it difficult for voters to differentiate incumbents of higher and lower quality. While this leads to an improvement in the electoral prospects of lower-quality incumbents, it is harmful to those of higher quality. Whether the net electoral consequence for high-quality incumbents is positive or negative depends on whether the source of incumbency advantage affects candidate entry and exit decisions directly or indirectly, as mediated through voters choices. Our findings suggest, further, that fundamental tensions may exist between different sources of incumbency advantage, and point to obstacles to disaggregating the sources of incumbency advantage empirically.},
	Author = {Gordon, Sanford C. and Landa, Dimitri},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609990223},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gordon, Landa - 2009 - Do the Advantages of Incumbency Advantage Incumbents.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1481--1498},
	Title = {{Do the Advantages of Incumbency Advantage Incumbents?}},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609990223}}

@article{Chassang2010,
	Abstract = {We examine the mechanics of deterrence and intervention when fear is a motive for conflict. We contrast results obtained in a complete information setting, where coordination is easy, to those obtained in a setting with strategic risk, where players have different assessments of their environment. These two strategic settings allow us to define and distinguish predatory and preemptive incentives as determinants of conflict. We show that while weapons have an unambiguous deterrent effect under complete information, this does not hold anymore under strategic risk. Rather, we find that increases in weapon stocks can have a non-monotonic effect on the sustainability of peace. We also show that under strategic risk, inequality in military strength can ac- tually facilitate peace and that anticipated peace-keeping interventions may improve incentives for peaceful behavior.},
	Author = {Chassang, Sylvain and {Padr{\'{o}} i Miquel}, Gerard},
	Doi = {10.1162/qjec.2010.125.4.1821},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chassang, Padr{\'{o}} i Miquel - 2010 - Conflict and deterrence under strategic risk.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00335533},
	Issn = {0033-5533},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Keywords = {HB Economic Theory,U Military Science (General)},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1821--1858},
	Title = {{Conflict and deterrence under strategic risk}},
	Url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w13964},
	Volume = {125},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w13964},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2010.125.4.1821}}

@article{Powell2010,
	Abstract = {Recent work across a wide range of issues in political economy as well as in American, comparative, and international politics tries to explain the inefficient use ofpower-revolutions, civil wars, high levels of public debt, international conflict, and costly policy insulation-in terms of commitment problems. This paper shows that a common mechanism is at work in a number of these diverse studies. This common mechanism provides a more general formulation of a type of commitment problem that can arise in many different substantive settings. The present analysis then formalizes this mechanism as an "inefficiency condition" that ensures that all of the equilibria of a stochastic game are inefficient. This condition has a natural substantive interpretation: Large, rapid changes in the actors' relative power (measured in terms of their minmax payoffs) may cause inefficiency.},
	Author = {Powell, Robert},
	Doi = {10.2307/4145309},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Powell - 2004 - The Inefficient Use of Power Costly Conflict with Complete Information.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00030554},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {231--241},
	Title = {{The Inefficient Use of Power: Costly Conflict with Complete Information}},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4145309}}

@article{Baliga2004,
	Abstract = {Two players simultaneously decide whether or not to acquire new weapons in an arms race game. Each player's type determines his propensity to arm. Types are private information, and are independently drawn from a continuous distribution. With probability close to one, the best outcome for each player is for neither to acquire new weapons (although each prefers to acquire new weapons if he thinks the opponent will). There is a small probability that a player is a dominant strategy type who always prefers to acquire new weapons. We find conditions under which the unique Bayesian-Nash equilibrium involves an arms race with probability one. However, if the probability that a player is a dominant strategy type is sufficiently small, then there is an equilibrium of the cheap-talk extension of the game where the probability of an arms race is close to zero.},
	Author = {Baliga, Sandeep and Sj{\"{o}}str{\"{o}}m, Tomas},
	Doi = {10.1111/0034-6527.00287},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baliga, Sj{\"{o}}str{\"{o}}m - 2004 - Arms races and negotiations.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00346527},
	Journal = {Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {351--369},
	Title = {{Arms races and negotiations}},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00287}}

@article{Polinsky2000,
	Abstract = {This article surveys the theory of the public enforcement of law--the use of public agents (inspectors, tax auditors, police, prosecutors) to detect and to sanction violators of legal rules. We first present the basic elements of the theory, focusing on the probability of imposition of sanctions, the magnitude and form of sanctions, and the rule of liability. We then examine a variety of extensions of the central theory, concerning accidental harms, costs of imposing fines, errors, general enforcement, marginal deterrence, the principal-agent relationship, settlements, self-reporting, repeat offenders, imperfect knowledge about the probability and magnitude of fines, and incapacitation.},
	Author = {Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Shavell, Steven},
	Doi = {10.1257/jel.38.1.45},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Polinsky, Shavell - 2000 - The Economic Theory of Public Enforcement of Law.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00220515},
	Issn = {0022-0515},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {45--76},
	Title = {{The Economic Theory of Public Enforcement of Law}},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.1.45}}

@article{Becker1985,
	Abstract = {This paper presents a model of competition among special interest groups for political influence.Each active group exerts pressure to affect its taxes and subsidies, where activities of different groups are related by the equality between total tax collections and total tax subsidies. The deadweight costs and benefits of taxes and subsidies play a major role in our model. An increase in the dead weight cost of taxation encourages pressure by taxpayers, while an increase in the deadweight costs of subsidies discourages pressure by recipients. Various applications of the analysis are discussed.},
	Author = {Becker, Gary S.},
	Doi = {10.1016/0047-2727(85)90063-5},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Becker - 1985 - Public policies, pressure groups, and dead weight costs.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00472727},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {329--347},
	Title = {{Public policies, pressure groups, and dead weight costs}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(85)90063-5}}

@article{Becker1983,
	Abstract = {This paper presents a theory of competition among pressure groups for political influence. Political equilibrium depends on the efficiency of each group in producing pressure, the effect of additional pressure on their influence, the number of persons in different groups, and the deadweight cost of taxes and subsidies. An increase in deadweight costs discourages pressure by subsidized groups and encourages pressure by taxpayers. This analysis unifies the view that governments correct market failures with the view that they favor the politically powerful: Both are produced by the competition for political favors.},
	Author = {Becker, Gary S},
	Doi = {10.2307/1886017},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Becker - 1983 - A Theory of Competition Among Pressure Groups for Political Influence.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00335533},
	Issn = {00335533},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {371--400},
	Pmid = {21593173},
	Title = {{A Theory of Competition Among Pressure Groups for Political Influence}},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {1983},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1886017}}

@misc{Becker1991,
	Abstract = {This note tries to explain why many successful restaurants, plays, sporting events, and other activities do not raise prices even with persistent excess demand. My approach assumes that demand by a typical consumer is positively related to quantities demanded by other consumers. This can explain not only the puzzle about prices but also why consumer demand is often fickle, why it is much easier to go from being "in" to being "out" than from "out" to "in," and why supply does not increase to reduce the excess demand.},
	Author = {Becker, Gary S.},
	Booktitle = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Doi = {10.1086/261791},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Becker - 1991 - A Note on Restaurant Pricing and Other Examples of Social Influences on Price.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {00223808},
	Issn = {0022-3808},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1109},
	Title = {{A Note on Restaurant Pricing and Other Examples of Social Influences on Price}},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {1991},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261791}}

@article{Jackson2007,
	Abstract = {We examine how countries' incentives to go to war depend on the "political bias" of their pivotal decision makers. This bias is measured by a decision maker's risk/ reward ratio from a war compared to that of the country at large. If there is no political bias, then there are mutually acceptable transfers from one country to the other that will avoid a war in the presence of commitment or enforceability of peace treaties. There are cases with a strong enough bias on the part of one or both countries where war cannot be prevented by any transfer payments. Our results shed some new light on the uneven contender paradox and the interpretation of the "democratic peace." We examine countries' choices of the bias of their leaders and show that when transfers are possible, at least one country will choose a biased leader, as that leads to a strong bargaining position and extraction of transfers.},
	Author = {Jackson, Matthew O. and Morelli, Massimo},
	Doi = {10.1257/aer.97.4.1353},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jackson, Morelli - 2007 - Political bias and war.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00028282},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1353--1373},
	Title = {{Political bias and war}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.4.1353}}

@article{Gordon2007,
	Abstract = {We develop a model of strategic interaction between voters and potential electoral challengers to sitting incumbents, in which the very fact of a costly challenge conveys relevant information to voters. Given incumbent failure in office, challenger entry is more likely, but the threat of entry by inferior challengers creates an incentive for citizens to become more politically informed. At the same time, challenges to incumbents who perform well can neutralize a voter's positive assessment of incumbent qualifications. How a voter becomes politically informed can in turn deter challengers of different levels of competence from running, depending on the electoral environment. The model permits us to sharpen our understanding of retrospective voting, the incumbency advantage, and the relationship between electoral competition and voter welfare, while pointing to new interpretations of, and future avenues for, empirical research on elections.},
	Author = {Gordon, Sanford C. and Huber, Gregory A. and Landa, Dimitri},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055407070165},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gordon, Huber, Landa - 2007 - Challenger Entry and Voter Learning.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0003-0554},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {303--320},
	Title = {{Challenger Entry and Voter Learning}},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070165}}

@article{Ashworth2008,
	Abstract = {We study a model of party formation in which the informativeness of party labels and inter-party ideological heterogeneity are endogenously and jointly determined in response to electoral incentives. Parties use screening to increase the cost of affiliation for politicians whose ideal points diverge from the party platform. Because affiliation decisions are endogenous, increased screening decreases ideological heterogeneity, improving the informativeness of the party label. The model allows us to examine how the level of screening responds to changes in both the institutional and electoral environments. We find that screening (and, consequently, the informativeness of the party label and ideological homogeneity) is decreasing in the power of the executive branch, the polarization of party platforms, and the average size of partisan tides.},
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott and {Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan},
	Doi = {10.1177/0951629808090135},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ashworth, Bueno de Mesquita - 2008 - Informative Party Labels With Institutional and Electoral Variation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0951629808},
	Issn = {0951-6298},
	Journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {251--273},
	Title = {{Informative Party Labels With Institutional and Electoral Variation}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629808090135}}

@book{Poole2005,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Poole, Keith T.},
	Pages = {248},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Spatial Models of Parliamentary Voting}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Fearon1995,
	Author = {Fearon, James D.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon - 1995 - Rational Explanations for War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {379--414},
	Title = {{Rational Explanations for War}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{DalBo2006,
	Abstract = {We present a model where groups attempt to influence policies using both bribes (plata, Spanish for silver) and the threat of punishment (plomo, Spanish for lead). We then use it to make predictions about the quality of a country's public officials and to understand the role of institutions granting politicians with immunity from legal prosecution. The use of punishment lowers the returns from public office and reduces the incentives of high-ability citizens to enter public life. Cheaper plomo and more resources subject to official discretion are associated with more frequent corruption and less able politicians. This predicts that violence in a country will typically go together with corruption and worse politicians. Moreover, the possibility of punishment changes the nature of the influence game, so that even cheaper plata can lower the ability of public officials. Protecting officials from accusations of corruption (immunity) will decrease the frequency of corruption if the judiciary is weak and may increase the quality of politicians. These predictions cannot emerge from a traditional model where only bribes are used.},
	Archiveprefix = {arXiv},
	Arxivid = {10.1.1.199.969},
	Author = {{Dal Bo}, Ernesto and {Dal Bo}, Pedro and {Di Tella}, Rafael},
	Doi = {10.1.1.199.969},
	Eprint = {10.1.1.199.969},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dal Bo, Dal Bo, Di Tella - 2006 - ``Plata o Plomo'' Bribe and Punishment in a Theory of Political Influence.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0003-0554},
	Issn = {00030554 (ISSN)},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {41--53},
	Title = {{``Plata o Plomo?'': Bribe and Punishment in a Theory of Political Influence}},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1.1.199.969}}

@article{Bagnoli2004,
	Abstract = {In many applications, assumptions about the log-concavity of a probability distribution allow just enough special structure to yield a work- able theory. This paper catalogs a series of theorems relating log-concavity and/or log-convexity of probability density functions, distribution func- tions, reliability functions, and their integrals. We list a large number of commonly-used probability distributions and report the log-concavity or log-convexity of their density functions and their integrals. We also discuss a variety of applications of log-concavity that have appeared in the literature.},
	Author = {Bagnoli, Mark and Bergstrom, Theodore C.},
	Doi = {10.1007/3-540-35375-5},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bagnoli, Bergstrom - 2004 - Log-Concave Probability and Its Applications.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0001250000},
	Journal = {working paper},
	Pages = {29},
	Pmid = {1000111929},
	Title = {{Log-Concave Probability and Its Applications}},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-35375-5}}

@article{Becker1968,
	Abstract = {Durante dos d{\'{e}}cadas seguidas, las del '80 y el '90, la Argentina experiment{\'{o}} como procesos paralelos y tal vez asociados, el crecimiento de sus tasas de desempleo y el incremento de la actividad criminal. Este estado de cosas parecer{\'{i}}a demostrar, sin ...},
	Author = {Becker, Gary S.},
	Doi = {10.1086/259394},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Becker - 1968 - Crime and Punishment An Economic Approach.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0870142631},
	Issn = {0022-3808},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Keywords = {NONE},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {169--217},
	Pmid = {5056610},
	Title = {{Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach}},
	Volume = {76},
	Year = {1968},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/259394}}

@article{Djankov2002,
	Abstract = {We present new data on the regulation of entry of start-up firms in 85 countries. The data cover the number of procedures, official time, and official cost that a start-up must bear before it can operate legally. The official costs of entry are extremely high in most countries. Countries with heavier regulation of entry have higher corruption and larger unofficial economies, but not better quality of public or private goods. Countries with more democratic and limited governments have lighter regulation of entry. The evidence is inconsistent with public interest theories of regulation, but supports the public choice view that entry regulation benefits politicians and bureaucrats.},
	Author = {Djankov, Simeon and {La Porta}, Rafael and Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio and Shleifer, Andrei},
	Isbn = {2033670007},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {437--452},
	Title = {{The Regulation of Entry}},
	Volume = {117},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Kroszner1999,
	Abstract = {This paper investigates private-interest, public-interest, and political- institutional theories of regulatory change to analyze state-level deregulation of bank branching restrictions. Using a hazard model, we find that interest group factors related to the relative strength of potential winners (large banks and small, bank-dependent firms) and losers (small banks and the rival insurance firms) can explain the timing of branching deregulation across states during the last quarter century. The same factors also explain congressional voting on interstate branching deregulation. While we find some support for each theory, the private interest approach provides the most compelling overall explanation of our results.},
	Author = {Kroszner, Randall S. and Strahan, Philip E.},
	Doi = {10.1162/003355399556223},
	Isbn = {00335533},
	Issn = {0033-5533},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1437--1467},
	Pmid = {2586968},
	Title = {{What Drives Deregulation? Economics and Politics of The Relaxation Of Bank Branching Restrictions}},
	Volume = {114},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003355399556223}}

@article{Griliches1986,
	Abstract = {Panel data based studies in econometrics use the analysis of covariance approach to control for various `individual effects' by estimating coefficients from the `within' dimension of the data. Often, however, the results are unsatisfactory, with `too low' and insignificant coefficients. Errors of measurement in the independent variables whose relative importance gets magnified in the within dimension are then blamed for this outcome.},
	Author = {Griliches, Zvi and Hausman, Jerry A.},
	Doi = {10.1016/0304-4076(86)90058-8},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Griliches, Hausman - 1986 - Errors in variables in panel data.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0304-4076},
	Issn = {03044076},
	Journal = {Journal of Econometrics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {93--118},
	Title = {{Errors in variables in panel data}},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {1986},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(86)90058-8}}

@article{Bonica2013b,
	Address = {Stanford, CA},
	Author = {Bonica, Adam},
	Journal = {http://data.stanford.edu/dime},
	Publisher = {Stanford University Libraries},
	Title = {{Database on Ideology, Money in Politics, and Elections}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Tullock1983,
	Author = {Tullock, Gordon},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tullock - 1983 - Further Tests of A Rational Theory of the Size of Government.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Pages = {419--421},
	Title = {{Further Tests of A Rational Theory of the Size of Government}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{Patty2002,
	Author = {Patty, John W.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Patty - 2002 - Equivalence of Objective in Two Candidate Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {151--166},
	Title = {{Equivalence of Objective in Two Candidate Elections}},
	Volume = {112},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Meltzer1983a,
	Abstract = {In a general equilibrium model of a labor economy, the size of government, measured by the share of income redistributed, is determined by majority rule. Voters rationally anticipate the disincentive effects of taxation on the labor-lesiure choices of their fellow citizens and take the effect into account when voting. The share of earned income redistributed depends on the voting rule and on the distribution of productivity in the economy. Under majority rule, the equilibrium tax share balances the budge and pays for the voters' choices. The principal reasons for increased size of government implied by the model are extensions of the franchise that change the position of the decisive voter in the income distribution and changes in relative productivity. An increase in mean income relative to the income of the decisive voter increases the size of government.},
	Author = {Meltzer, Allan H. and Richard, Scott F.},
	Doi = {10.1007/BF00141072},
	Isbn = {DI000065 00223808 DI951009 95P00234},
	Issn = {00485829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Pages = {403--418},
	Title = {{Tests of a rational theory of the size of government}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1983},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00141072}}

@article{Borge2004,
	Abstract = {The Meltzer-Richard hypothesis that more unequal income distribution will create a majority for more redistribution has generated much research, but little empirical support. The empirical literature has concentrated on cross-country studies and the size of the public sector, and the results broadly do not indicate more redistribution with more inequality. This analysis suggests that the hypothesis should be investigated in a more homogenous setting with comparable institutions and with an explicit decision about redistribution (here tax structure). New data on poll tax and property tax in decentralized government in Norway are exploited. We show how the multi-dimensional decision can be analyzed as majority rule assuming intermediate preferences. In the econometric analysis, instruments are used to account for endogeneity of income level and income distribution. The estimated model supports the understanding that more unequal income distribution implies a shift in the tax burden from poll tax to property taxes and thereby gives more redistribution.},
	Author = {Borge, Lars-Erik and Ratts{\o}, J{\o}rn},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.euroecorev.2003.09.003},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Borge, Ratts{\o} - 2004 - Income distribution and tax structure Empirical test of the Meltzer--Richard hypothesis.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0014-2921},
	Issn = {00142921},
	Journal = {European Economic Review},
	Keywords = {income distribution,tax structure},
	Pages = {805--826},
	Title = {{Income distribution and tax structure: Empirical test of the Meltzer--Richard hypothesis}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2003.09.003}}

@article{Garand2010,
	Abstract = {McCarty, Poole, and Rosenthal (2006) demonstrate that political parties---both in the electorate and in government---become more ideologically polarized during periods of high income inequality, while differences between the parties wane during periods of relative equality of incomes. I suggest that the processes described by McCarty, Poole, and Rosenthal at the national level are applicable to the American state electorates and their elected representatives. Using data on individual attitudes, state-level income inequality, state mass polarization, and U.S. senators' roll-call behavior, I consider the possible effects of state-level income inequality on mass attitudes and the roll-call behavior of U.S. senators since the early 1960s. I hypothesize that (1) Democratic and Republican identifiers in the mass public should be more polarized in states with high income inequality, and (2) state mass polarization and state income inequality should be translated into polarized behavior by U.S. senators representing different political parties. My findings are generally consistent with these polarization hypotheses. Specifically, Democratic and Republican identifiers stake out divergent ideological positions as a function of state income inequality, and U.S. senators from states with high levels of income inequality are more polarized than other senators, primarily in response to state income inequality and greater constituency polarization that results from high income inequality.},
	Author = {Garand, James C.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381610000563},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Garand - 2010 - Income Inequality, Party Polarization, and Roll-Call Voting in the U.S. Senate.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1109--1128},
	Title = {{Income Inequality, Party Polarization, and Roll-Call Voting in the U.S. Senate}},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000563}}

@article{Gans1996,
	Abstract = {We clarify and extend a number of sufficient conditions for the existence of a majority voting equilibrium on one-dimensional choice domains. These conditions, variously stated in the previous literature, all impose order restrictions on voter preferences (for instance, monotone marginal rates of substitution) which we show to imply or be equivalent to a general, ordinal version of the single-crossing condition. This simple property is economically intuitive and easily checked in applications. This ease of application is demonstrated through an examination of voting models of redistributive income taxation and trade union bargaining behaviour.},
	Author = {Gans, Joshua S. and Smart, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1016/0047-2727(95)01503-5},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gans, Smart - 1996 - Majority voting with single-crossing preferences.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00472727},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Keywords = {Income tax progression,Majority voting,Quasi-transitivity,Single-crossing condition,Union objectives},
	Pages = {219--237},
	Title = {{Majority voting with single-crossing preferences}},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(95)01503-5}}

@article{Meltzer1983,
	Abstract = {In a general equilibrium model of a labor economy, the size of government, measured by the share of income redistributed, is determined by majority rule. Voters rationally anticipate the disincentive effects of taxation on the labor-lesiure choices of their fellow citizens and take the effect into account when voting. The share of earned income redistributed depends on the voting rule and on the distribution of productivity in the economy. Under majority rule, the equilibrium tax share balances the budge and pays for the voters' choices. The principal reasons for increased size of government implied by the model are extensions of the franchise that change the position of the decisive voter in the income distribution and changes in relative productivity. An increase in mean income relative to the income of the decisive voter increases the size of government.},
	Author = {Meltzer, Allan H. and Richard, Scott F.},
	Doi = {10.1007/BF00141072},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meltzer, Richard - 1983 - Tests of a rational theory of the size of government.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {DI000065 00223808 DI951009 95P00234},
	Issn = {00485829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Pages = {403--418},
	Title = {{Tests of a rational theory of the size of government}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1983},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00141072}}

@article{Kelly2010,
	Abstract = {This article assesses the influence of income inequality on the public's policy mood. Recent work has produced divergent perspectives on the relationship between inequality, public opinion, and government redistribution. One group of scholars suggests that unequal representation of different income groups reproduces inequality as politicians respond to the preferences of the rich. Another group of scholars pays relatively little attention to distributional outcomes but shows that government is generally just as responsive to the poor as to the rich. Utilizing theoretical insights from comparative political economy and time-series data from 1952 to 2006, supplemented with cross-sectional analysis where appropriate, we show that economic inequality is, in fact, self-reinforcing, but that this is fully consistent with the idea that government tends to respond equally to rich and poor in its policy enactments.},
	Author = {Kelly, Nathan J. and Enns, Peter K.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00472.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kelly, Enns - 2010 - Inequality and the Dynamics of Public Opinion The Self-Reinforcing Link Between Economic Inequality and Mass Prefer.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1540-5907},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {855--870},
	Title = {{Inequality and the Dynamics of Public Opinion: The Self-Reinforcing Link Between Economic Inequality and Mass Preferences}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00472.x}}

@article{Benabou2000,
	Abstract = {This paper develops a theory of inequality and the social contract aimingto explain how countrie with similar economic and political "fundamentals" can suatain such different systems of social insurance, fiscal redistribution, and education finance as those of the United States and Western Europe. With imperfect credit and insurance markets some redistributive policies can improve ex ante welfare, and this implies that their political suppor tends to decrease with inequality. Conversely, with credit constraints, lower redistribution translates into more persistent inequality; hence the potential for multiple steady states, with mutually reinforcing high inequality and low redistribution, or vice versa.},
	Author = {Benabou, Roland},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Benabou - 2000 - Unequal Societies Income Dstribution and Social Contract.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0002-8282},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {96--129},
	Title = {{Unequal Societies: Income Dstribution and Social Contract}},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Bonica2013a,
	Abstract = {I develop amethod tomeasure the ideology of candidates and contributors using campaign finance data. Combined with a data set of over 100 million contribution records from state and federal elections, the method estimates ideal points for an expansive range of political actors. The common pool of contributorswho give across institutions and levels of politics makes it possible to recover a unified set of ideological measures for members of Congress, the president and executive branch, state legislators, governors, and other state officials, as well as the interest groups and individuals whomake political donations. Since candidates fundraise regardless of incumbency status, the method estimates ideal points for both incumbents and nonincumbents. After establishing measure validity and addressing issues concerning strategic behavior, I present results for a variety of political actors and discuss several promising avenues of researchmade possible by the newmeasures.},
	Author = {Bonica, Adam},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12062},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bonica - 2013 - Mapping the Ideological Marketplace.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1540-5907},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {367--386},
	Title = {{Mapping the Ideological Marketplace}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12062}}

@article{Bernhardt1985,
	Abstract = {A major shortcoming of the classical median voter model is that its central prediction {\~{}} convergence of platforms to the median voter's idea1 - is seldom observed. One reason is that the classical mode1 neglects the importance of voter expectations as a determinant of votes. Here we associate voters' expectations about candidates with past as well as current candidate pronouncements, and assume that incumbents whose actions are consistent with their `reput- ations' are perceived as less risky than challengers. In equilibrium candidates choose distinct platforms. Typically neither adopts the median voter's ideal point. Either candidate may win depending on how well the incumbent's reputation reflects current voter tastes and how relatively `risky' the electorate percieves the challenger to be.},
	Author = {Bernhardt, M. Daniel and Ingberman, Daniel E.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bernhardt, Ingberman - 1985 - Candidate Reputations and the 'Incumbency Effect'.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Pages = {47--67},
	Title = {{Candidate Reputations and the 'Incumbency Effect'}},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Ingberman1992,
	Abstract = {Abstract-This paper develops an equilibrium model of incumbent-challenger spatial competition with campaign contributions. ln the model, contributions serve to provide information about the at- tributes of the candidates to the risk-averse electorate. Incumbents are distinguished from challengers by voters' perceptions-without contributions, an incumbent who is located at his ``reputation'' is a less risky lottery than any challenger, but this risk-advantage deteriorates as the incumbent's posi- tion deviates from his reputation-as well as by their strategic positions: the incumbent moves first and the challenger moves second. Also, each candidate takes into account the contributions that both candidates receive in (Cournot-Nash) contributor equilibrium. It is shown that for any pair of positions, in contrast to the standard case of refundable contributions, if contributions are non- refundable, then for every pair of candidate positions, contributor equilibrium exists and is unique, and incumbent-challenger equilibrium exists and is unique. The equilibrium effects of contributions on the candidates' positions and probabilities of winning are shown to depend on the relative strengths of contributions and reputation.},
	Author = {Ingberman, Daniel E.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ingberman - 1992 - Incumbent Reputations and Ideological Campaign Contributions in Spatial Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0895717719},
	Journal = {Mathematical and Computer Modelling},
	Number = {819},
	Pages = {147--169},
	Title = {{Incumbent Reputations and Ideological Campaign Contributions in Spatial Competition}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{Berger2000,
	Abstract = {The `Downsian' model is widely held to predict the convergence of parties to the median in two-party systems with unidimensional policy spaces. We show this is not true, if voters are uncertain. This paper gives an exposition of the two-party divergence results, including (1) if both candidate are freem to move, but the incumbent has lower variance of policy action as perceived by voters, then there is no equilibrium, even if preferences are `single-peaked'; (2) if the lower-variance candidate is forced to run on a fixed record, then an equilibrium platrom exists for the challenger, but it always diverges from incumbent's platform; (3) if the incumbent's perceived policy once in office has a lower variance than any propsective challenger, the incumbent may win each of a long series of elections even if the incumbent's poliicy choices diverge from the underlying median of the distribution of voter preferences.},
	Author = {Berger, Mark M. and Munger, Michael C. and Potthoff, Richard F.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berger, Munger, Potthoff - 2000 - The Downsian Model Predicts Divergence.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {228--240},
	Title = {{The Downsian Model Predicts Divergence}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Dreher2009,
	Abstract = {We investigate whether elected members of the UN Security Council receive favorable treatment from the World Bank, using panel data for 157 countries over the period 1970--2004. Our results indicate a robust positive relationship between temporary UN Security Council membership and the number of World Bank projects a country receives, even after accounting for economic and political factors, as well as regional, country and year effects. The size of World Bank loans, however, is not affected by UN Security Council membership.},
	Author = {Dreher, Axel and Sturm, Jan-Egbert and Vreeland, James Raymond},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.02.003},
	Issn = {03043878},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
	Keywords = {aid,un security council,voting,world bank},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--18},
	Publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	Title = {{Development Aid and International Politics: Does Membership on the UN Security Council Influence World Bank Decisions?}},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.02.003}}

@article{Taylor2014,
	Abstract = {Bill Passage Speed in the US House: A Test of a Vote Buying Model of the Legislative Process ANDREW J. TAYLOR This article constitutes a test of central tenets of vote buying theories using data on the number of days it takes to pass important bills in the US House. Survival analyses of a model of bill passage length provide confirmatory evidence of vote buying by presidents and the congressional leadership. Bills that attract buyers of votes to maintain the status quo are shown to pass more quickly than those that do not. Bills on the president's agenda and those that are relatively close to members' ideal points also pass quickly. The analyses furnish some interesting insights into possible efforts to make the legislative process quicker.},
	Author = {Taylor, Andrew J.},
	Doi = {10.1080/13572334.2014.897022},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Taylor - 2014 - Bill Passage Speed in the US House A Test of a Vote Buying Model of the Legislative Process.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1357-2334},
	Journal = {The Journal of Legislative Studies},
	Month = {may},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {285--304},
	Title = {{Bill Passage Speed in the US House: A Test of a Vote Buying Model of the Legislative Process}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2014.897022}}

@article{Wiseman2008,
	Abstract = {We show that the median legislator in the US House is unambiguously closer to the majority party median than to the minority party median. An impor- tant implication of this finding is that the median legislator is predisposed to support the majority party's policy agenda. Thus, in the event that the major- ity party organization exerts no influence over the legislative process, and in the event that all policies then default to the legislative median, policy out- comes will still substantially favor the majority party over the minority. We demonstrate that the legislative median moves predictably toward the major- ity party in response to changes in majority control and the size and ideologi- cal homogeneity of the two parties. Consequently, the median legislators' partisan predisposition increases and decreases in response to electoral change. We conclude that partisan and floor majority, or median, theories of lawmaking are more often complementary than conflicting, and that party activities in the electoral arena have implications for legislative partisanship.},
	Author = {Wiseman, Alan E. and Wright, John R.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0951629807084037},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiseman, Wright - 2008 - The Legislative Median and Partisan Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0951-6298},
	Journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {5--29},
	Title = {{The Legislative Median and Partisan Policy}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629807084037}}

@article{Herron2008,
	Abstract = {Redistricting politics in Illinois provide a novel opportunity for testing competing theories of law making. With this in mind, we demonstrate that the post-2000 Census redistricters in Illinois, dominated by Democrats, strategically reshuffled district demographic profiles in an attempt to convert relatively liberal Republican districts to conservative Democratic districts in the state Senate while decreasing and increasing the ideological diversity of the Democrats and Republicans, respectively, in the House. Such reshufflings suggest that legislative politics in Illinois are conducted in a manner consistent with vote-buying theories of coalition formation.},
	Author = {Herron, Michael C. and Wiseman, Alan E.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381607080115},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Herron, Wiseman - 2008 - Gerrymanders and Theories of Law Making A Study of Legislative Redistricting in Illinois.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {151--167},
	Title = {{Gerrymanders and Theories of Law Making: A Study of Legislative Redistricting in Illinois}},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381607080115}}

@article{Herron2004,
	Abstract = {We study an Illinois state government program called "member initiative spending" and examine the extent to which three competing theories can explain the program's allocations among Illinois's 118 House districts. We show that member initiative monies distributed before the 2000 general election were disproportionately allocated to districts that were politically competitive, represented by legislative leaders, or represented by moderate legislators. Our analysis supports theories that claim budgetary decisions made by elected officials are tactical, and it shows that the Illinois decision makers who allocated member initiative funds sought to distribute them in a way that would be most beneficial in the sense of vote buying.},
	Author = {Herron, Michael C. and Theodos, Brett A.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Herron, Theodos - 2004 - Government Redistribution in the Shadow of Legislative Elections A Study of the Illinois Member Initiative Gran.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {287--311},
	Title = {{Government Redistribution in the Shadow of Legislative Elections: A Study of the Illinois Member Initiative Grants Program}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{McCarty2009,
	Abstract = {Both pundits and scholars have blamed increasing levels of partisan conflict and polarization in Congress on the effects of partisan gerrymandering.We assess whether there is a strong causal relationship between congressional districting and polarization. We find very little evidence for such a link. First, we show that congressional polarization is primarily a function of the differences in how Democrats and Republicans represent the same districts rather than a function of which districts each party represents or the distribution of constituency preferences. Second, we conduct simulations to gauge the level of polarization under various ``neutral'' districting procedures. We find that the actual levels of polarization are not much higher than those produced by the simulations.We do find that gerrymandering has increased the Republican seat share in the House; however, this increase is not an important source of polarization.},
	Author = {McCarty, Nolan M. and Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00393.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McCarty, Poole, Rosenthal - 2009 - Does Gerrymandering Cause Polarization.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {jul},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {666--680},
	Title = {{Does Gerrymandering Cause Polarization?}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00393.x}}

@incollection{Aragones2005,
	Abstract = {This paper examines competition in a spatial model of two-candidate elections, where one candidate enjoys a quality advantage over the other candidate. The candidates care about winning and also have policy preferences. There is two- dimensional private information. Candidate ideal points as well as their tradeoffs between policy preferences and winning are private information. The distribution of this two-dimensional type is common knowledge. The location of the median voter's ideal point is uncertain, with a distribution that is commonly known by both candidates. Pure strategy equilibria always exist in this model. We characterize the effects of increased uncertainty about the median voter, the effect of candidate policy preferences, and the effects of changes in the distribution of private information. We prove that the distribution of candidate policies approaches the mixed equilibrium of Aragones and Palfrey [2J, when both candidates' weights on policy preferences go to zero.},
	Author = {Aragones, Enriqueta and Palfrey, Thomas R.},
	Booktitle = {Social Choice and Strategic Decisions: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey S. Banks},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Aragones, Palfrey - 2005 - Electoral Competition Between Two Candidates of Different Quality The Effects of Candidate Ideology and Priva.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {93--112},
	Title = {{Electoral Competition Between Two Candidates of Different Quality: The Effects of Candidate Ideology and Private Information}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Merrill2013,
	Author = {Merrill, Samuel and Grofman, Bernard and Brunell, TL},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Merrill, Grofman, Brunell - 2013 - Modeling the electoral dynamics of party polarization in two-party legislatures.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
	Title = {{Modeling the electoral dynamics of party polarization in two-party legislatures}},
	Url = {http://jtp.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/11/28/0951629813508847.abstract},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jtp.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/11/28/0951629813508847.abstract}}

@article{Meirowitz2008,
	Abstract = {Most campaigns do not revolve around policy commitments; instead, we think of campaigns as contests in which candidates spend time, energy, and money to win. This paper develops models of electoral competition in which candidates select levels of effort. The analysis offers insights about which causes of the incumbency advantage are consistent with the empirical record. Marginal asymmetries in costs or technology can explain the advantage; asymmetries in voter preferences cannot. The analysis also speaks to the consequences of campaign finance reform. Reforms can be interpreted as shocks to the cost of influencing voters' perceptions; limits generally increase the likelihood that advantaged incumbents win, and even limits that target incumbents do not improve the welfare of disadvantaged challengers. Alternatively, caps on the amount of effort can either increase or decrease the probability that the disadvantaged candidate wins. Ironically, with very tight caps, the advantaged candidate wins for sure.},
	Author = {Meirowitz, Adam},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381608080699},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meirowitz - 2008 - Electoral Contests, Incumbency Advantages, and Campaign Finance.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = {jul},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {681--699},
	Title = {{Electoral Contests, Incumbency Advantages, and Campaign Finance}},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608080699}}

@article{Kernell2009,
	Abstract = {Correctly measuring district preferences is crucial for empirical research on legislative responsiveness and voting behavior. This article argues that the common practice of using presidential vote shares to measure congressional district ideology systematically produces incorrect estimates. I propose an alternative method that employs multiple election returns to estimatevoters' ideological distributionswithindistricts. Ideveloptwoestimationprocedures---a least squared errormodel and a Bayesianmodel---and test eachwith simulations and empirical applications.The models are shown to outperform voteshares, and they are validated with direct measures of voter ideology and out-of-sample election predictions. Beyond estimating district ideology, these models provide valuable information on constituency heterogeneity---an important, but often immeasurable, quantity for research on representatives' strategic behavior.},
	Author = {Kernell, G.},
	Doi = {10.1093/pan/mpp002},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kernell - 2009 - Giving Order to Districts Estimating Voter Distributions with National Election Returns.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1047-1987},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Month = {apr},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {215--235},
	Title = {{Giving Order to Districts: Estimating Voter Distributions with National Election Returns}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpp002}}

@article{Lambie-Hanson2012,
	Abstract = {I study how the possibility of voters contributing to candidates in response to the candidates' policy proposals affects the equilibrium policy in winner-take-all political com- petition. More specifically, I allow each partisan voter to contribute to her preferred candi- date where the amount contributed depends on the relative positions of the two candidates. Candidates then use the donations to build valence through campaigning, which in turn affects the voting decision of impressionable voters. Since candidates are concerned with raising money as well as picking a policy position preferred by the median voter, I show that campaign contributions may lead to divergent equilibria in winner-take-all elections when politicians are policy-motivated, albeit only under stylized utility functions and donor densities. Further, under symmetric voter and donor densities, if either the donor density is single-peaked or the voter utility is concave, a unique equilibrium exists in which both candidates propose the ideal policy of the median voter.},
	Author = {Lambie-Hanson, Timothy},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-012-9927-y},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lambie-Hanson - 2012 - Campaign Contributions as Valence.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {campaign contributions,political competition,valence,voting},
	Month = {feb},
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {3--24},
	Title = {{Campaign Contributions as Valence}},
	Volume = {157},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-012-9927-y}}

@article{Hummel2010,
	Abstract = {I analyze mixed strategy equilibria in a Downsian model with two office-motivated candidates in which one candidate is endowed with a sufficiently large valence advantage that a voter might prefer this candidate even if the voter strictly prefers the other candidate's policies. There is a discrete one-dimensional policy space and the preferences of the median voter are uncertain. I show that there is a range of moderate policies with no gaps that are optimal for the advantaged candidate. There is also a range of liberal policies with no gaps and a corresponding range of conservative policies with no gaps that are optimal actions for the disadvantaged candidate. The upper and lower bounds on these ranges of policies vary in predictable ways with the size of the advantaged candidate's advantage.},
	Author = {Hummel, Patrick},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.geb.2010.01.012},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hummel - 2010 - On the Nature of Equilibria in a Downsian Model with Candidate Valence.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {08998256},
	Journal = {Games and Economic Behavior},
	Month = {nov},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {425--445},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
	Title = {{On the Nature of Equilibria in a Downsian Model with Candidate Valence}},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2010.01.012}}

@article{Groseclose2001,
	Abstract = {This article extends the Calvert-Wittman candidate-location model by allowing one candidate to have a valence advantage over the other, due to, say, superior character, charisma, name recognition, or intelligence. Under some fairly weak assumptions, I show that when one candidate has a small advantage over the other, this alters equilibrium policy positionsin two ways. First, it causes the disadvantaged candidate to move away from the center. Second, and perhaps more suprising, it causes the advantaged candidate to move toward the center. I also show that, under some weak assumptions, for all levels of the valence advantage, the advantaged candidate chooses a more moderate position than the disadvantaged candidate. Empricial studies if congressional elections by Fiorina (1973), and Ansolabehere, Snyder, and Stewart (2001) support this result.},
	Author = {Groseclose, Tim},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Groseclose - 2001 - A Model of Candidate Location when One Candidate Has a Valence Advantage.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {862--886},
	Title = {{A Model of Candidate Location when One Candidate Has a Valence Advantage}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Degan2007,
	Abstract = {This article develops and estimates a dynamic spatial model of voting. The distribution of voters' policy positions and candidates' valence are recovered using individual-level data on voting decisions in two consecutive presidential elections. The estimated model is used to provide an equilibrium interpretation of observed individual voting profiles and aggregate electoral outcomes as well as to conduct counterfactual experiments that assess the impact of candidates' policy positions, valence, and voters' information on electoral outcomes.},
	Author = {Degan, Arianna},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Degan - 2007 - Candidate Valence Evidence from Consecutive Presidential Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {457--482},
	Title = {{Candidate Valence: Evidence from Consecutive Presidential Elections}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Gouret2010,
	Abstract = {Spatial models of voting have dominated mathematical political theory since the seminal work of Downs. The Downsian model assumes that each elector votes on the basis of his utility function which depends only on the distance between his preferred policy platform and the ones proposed by candidates. A succession of papers introduces valence issues into themodel, i.e., candidates' characteristicswhich are independent of the platforms they propose. So far, little is known about which of the existing utility functions used in valence models is the most empirically founded. Using a large survey run prior to the 2007 French presidential election, we evaluate and compare several spatial voting models with valence. Existing models perform poorly in fitting the data. However, strong empirical regularities emerge. This leads us to a new model of valence that we call the intensity valence model. This new model makes sense theoretically and is grounded empirically.},
	Author = {Gouret, Fabian and Hollard, Guillaume and Rossignol, St{\'{e}}phane},
	Doi = {10.1007/s00355-010-0495-0},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gouret, Hollard, Rossignol - 2010 - An Empirical Analysis of Valence in Electoral Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0035501004950},
	Issn = {0176-1714},
	Journal = {Social Choice and Welfare},
	Month = {sep},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {309--340},
	Title = {{An Empirical Analysis of Valence in Electoral Competition}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-010-0495-0}}

@article{Enelow1982,
	Author = {Enelow, James M. and Hinich, Melvin J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Enelow, Hinich - 1982 - Nonspatial Candidate Characteristics and Electoral Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {115--130},
	Title = {{Nonspatial Candidate Characteristics and Electoral Competition}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {1982}}

@article{Carter2014,
	Abstract = {We present a model of two candidate elections in which candidates are office-motivated, campaigning is voluntary and costly, and one candidate has a valence advantage. In equilibrium, the order of campaign announcements matters: each candidate would prefer to announce his or her position after the other candidate has announced his or hers. The fundamental predictions of the model are (1) the impact of valence and cam- paigning costs on candidates' equilibrium behaviors is in general ambiguous, requiring further specification of the details of the electoral situation and (2) in general, equilib- rium platform announcements are essentially independent of the location of median voter's ideal point. In addition, the model is consistent with elections in which both, only one, or neither candidate actively campaigns and, finally, even when one candi- date has a large valence advantage, there might be no equilibrium in which he or she will win the election with certainty. ∗We},
	Author = {Carter, Jennifer and Patty, John W.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carter, Patty - 2014 - Valence and Campaigns.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {1--63},
	Title = {{Valence and Campaigns}},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{Bruter2009,
	Abstract = {This paper offers graphic illustration of so-called ``valence'' models of candidates responding to their perceptions of voter location in a two-party system. Models by Grose- close and others show how the combination of candidate uncertainty about themedian voter location, nonzero candidate valence, and policy motivated candidates leads to departures from the median voter prediction.With one policy dimension, either there exists an equilib- rium where the candidates do not converge to the median (or any other common position) or there exists no equilibrium. We offer illustrations based on plausible conditions. Under some conditions we show an equilibrium where candidates locate at separate policy posi- tions. Under others, we illustrate the absence of equilibrium.},
	Author = {Bruter, Michael and Erikson, Robert S. and Strauss, Aaron B.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-009-9509-9},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bruter, Erikson, Strauss - 2009 - Uncertain Candidates, Valence, and the Dynamics of Candidate Position-Taking.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Month = {sep},
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {153--168},
	Title = {{Uncertain Candidates, Valence, and the Dynamics of Candidate Position-Taking}},
	Volume = {144},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9509-9}}

@article{Callander2008,
	Abstract = {Are politicians motivated by policy outcomes or by the perks of office? To shed light on this im in which candidates portant question, I develop a simple model of two candidate electoral competitions may be either office or policy motivated. In a second departure from standard formulations, the model incorporates both campaign and post-election behaviour of candidates. In this environment, I find that office-motivated candidates are favoured in electoral competition but that their advantage is limited by the electoral mechanism itself and policy-motivated candidates win a significant fraction of elections. More importantly, I show that the competitive interaction among candidates of different motivations affects the incentives of all candidates - both office and policy motivated - and that this competition affects policy outcomes. I also extend the model to explore the decision of citizens to enter politics and show that in all equilibria policy-motivated citizens compose a majority of the candidate pool.},
	Author = {Callander, Steven},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Callander - 2008 - Political Motivations.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {671--697},
	Title = {{Political Motivations}},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Bernhardt2011,
	Abstract = {We develop a dynamic repeated election model in which citizen candidates are distinguished by both their ideology and valence. Voters observe an incumbent's valence and policy choices but only know the challenger's party. Our model provides a rich set of novel results. In contrast to existing predictions from static models, we prove that dynamic considerations make higher-valence incumbents more likely to compromise and win re-election, even though they compromise to more extreme policies. Consequently, we find that the correlation between valence and extremist policies rises with office-holder seniority. This result may help explain previous empirical findings. Despite this result, we establish that the whole electorate gains from improvements in the distribution of valences. In contrast, fixing average valence, the greater dispersion in valence associated with a high-valence political elite always benefits the median voter but can harm a majority of voters when voters are sufficiently risk averse.We then consider interest groups (IGs) or activists who search for candidates with better skills. We derive a complete theoretical explanation for the intuitive conjectures that policies are more extreme when IGs and activists have more extreme ideologies, and that such extremism reduces the welfare of all voters.},
	Author = {Bernhardt, Dan and Camara, Odilon and Squintani, Francesco},
	Doi = {10.1093/restud/rdq019},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bernhardt, Camara, Squintani - 2011 - Competence and Ideology.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0034-6527},
	Journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
	Month = {feb},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {487--522},
	Title = {{Competence and Ideology}},
	Volume = {78},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdq019}}

@article{Aragones2004,
	Abstract = {When two candidates of different quality compete in a one-dimensional policy space, the equi- librium outcomes are asymmetric and do not correspond to the median. There are three main effects. First, the better candidate adopts more centristpolicies than the worse candidate. Second, the equilibrium is statistical, in the sense that itpredicts a probability distribution of outcomes rather than a single degenerate outcome. Third, the equilibrium varies systematically with the level of uncertainty about the location of the median voter. We test these three predictions using laboratory experiments and find strong support for all three. We also observe some biases and show that they can be explained by quantal response equilibrium.},
	Author = {Aragones, Enriqueta and Palfrey, Thomas R.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Aragones, Palfrey - 2004 - The effect of candidate quality on electoral equilibrium An experimental study.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {77--90},
	Title = {{The effect of candidate quality on electoral equilibrium: An experimental study}},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Athey2001a,
	Abstract = {This paper analyzes a class of games of incomplete information where each agent has private information about her own type, and the types are drawn from an atomless joint probability distribution. The main result establishes existence of pure strategy Nash equilibria (PSNE) under a condition we call the single crossing condition (SCC), roughly described as follows: whenever each opponent uses a nondecreasing strategy (in the sense that higher types choose higher actions), a player's best response strategy is also nonde- creasing. When the SCC holds, a PSNE exists in every finite-action game. Further, for games with continuous payoffs and a continuum of actions, there exists a sequence of PSNE to finite-action games that converges to a PSNE of the continuum-action game. These convergence and existence results also extend to some classes of games with discontinuous payoffs, such as first-price auctions, where bidders may be heterogeneous and reserve prices are permitted. Finally, the paper characterizes the SCC based on properties of utility functions and probability distributions over types. Applications in- clude first-price, multi-unit, and all-pay auctions; pricing games with incomplete informa- tion about costs; and noisy signaling games.},
	Author = {Athey, Susan},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Athey - 2001 - Single Crossing Properties and the Existence of Pure Strategy Equilibria in Games of Incomplete Information(2).pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {861--889},
	Title = {{Single Crossing Properties and the Existence of Pure Strategy Equilibria in Games of Incomplete Information}},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Aragones2002,
	Abstract = {This paper examines competition in the standard one-dimensional Downsian model of two-candidate elections, but where one candidate (A) enjoys an advantage over the other candidate (D). Voters' preferences are Euclidean, but any voter will vote for candidate A over candidate D unless D is closer to her ideal point by some fixed distance {\$}. The location of the median voter's ideal point is uncertain, and its distribution is commonly known by both candidates. The candidates simultaneously choose locations to maximize the probability of victory. Pure strategy equilibria often fail to exist in this model, except under special conditions about {\$} and the distribution of the median ideal point. We solve for the essentially unique symmetric mixed equilibrium with no-gaps, show that candidate A adopts more moderate policies than candidate D, and obtain some comparative statics results about the probability of victory and the expected distance between the two candidates' policies. We find that both players' equilibrium strategies converge to the expected median voter as A's advantage shrinks to 0.},
	Author = {Aragones, Enriqueta and Palfrey, Thomas R.},
	Doi = {10.1006/jeth.2001.2821},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Aragones, Palfrey - 2002 - Mixed Equilibrium in a Downsian Model with a Favored Candidate.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00220531},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
	Month = {mar},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {131--161},
	Title = {{Mixed Equilibrium in a Downsian Model with a Favored Candidate}},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeth.2001.2821}}

@article{Ansolabehere2000,
	Abstract = {Spatial models of two-party or two-candidate competition almost never have pure- strategy Nash equilibria when the issue space has more than one dimension. This paper shows that the introduction of valence issues can create conditions where equilibria exist, even in a multidimensional setting. We derive sufficient conditions for the existence of equilibria, and characterize the spatial locations of two competing parties or candidates when such equilibria exist. The party with the advantage on the valence dimension will generally take a moderate position on the positional issues. We consider the implications of these results for public perceptions of the parties, incumbency advantages, and realigning elections.},
	Author = {Ansolabehere, Stephen and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ansolabehere, Snyder, Jr. - 2000 - Valence Politics and Equilibrium in Spatial Election Models.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {327--336},
	Title = {{Valence Politics and Equilibrium in Spatial Election Models}},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Adams2011,
	Abstract = {Several recent spatial modeling studies incorporate valence issues---e.g., voters' evaluations of the candidates' competence, integrity, and charisma---that may give one of the candidates an electoral advantage that is independent of his policy positions. However to date all such models assume that while voters value positive valence characteristics, the candidates themselves do not.We develop a spatialmodel where the candidates are valence- seeking, i.e.---like the voters---the candidates prefer that the winning candidate possess qual- ities, such as integrity, diligence, and competence, that will enhance his job performance. We analyze a spatial model where the candidates value both the valence qualities and the policies of the winning candidate, and we show that the candidates' optimal policy choices typically diverge as the valence differential between them increases, and in particular that the valence-disadvantaged candidate normally has incentives to become more extreme as the valence advantage of her opponent increases.},
	Author = {Adams, James and {Merrill III}, Samuel},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-011-9845-4},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adams, Merrill III - 2011 - Policy-Seeking Candidates Who Value the Valence Attributes of the Winner.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Month = {aug},
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {139--161},
	Title = {{Policy-Seeking Candidates Who Value the Valence Attributes of the Winner}},
	Volume = {155},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-011-9845-4}}

@article{Adams2011a,
	Abstract = {We add to the literature that examines the relationship between candidate valence and policy strategies by arguing that candidates intrinsically value both the policies and the personal character of the winning candidate. In making this argument, we distinguish between two dimensions of candidate valence: strategic valence refers to factors such as name recognition, fundraising ability, and campaigning skills, while character valence is composed of qualities that voters and candidates intrinsically value in office holders, including integrity, competence, and diligence. Our model considers challengers who value both the policies and the character-based valence of the incumbent and assumes that the incumbent's policy position is fixed by prior commitments. Under these conditions, we show that challengers who are superior to the incumbent in their character-based valence have incentives to moderate their policy positions. We report empirical tests of this good-government result of our model, using data on the 2006 congressional elections.},
	Author = {Adams, James and Merrill, Samuel and Simas, Elizabeth N. and Stone, Walter J.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381610000836},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adams et al. - 2011 - When Candidates Value Good Character A Spatial Model with Applications to Congressional Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {17--30},
	Title = {{When Candidates Value Good Character: A Spatial Model with Applications to Congressional Elections}},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000836}}

@article{Adams2009,
	Abstract = {A unidimensional spatial model of multiparty parliamentary elections under proportional represen- tation is presented, in which parties project that the median parliamentary party will implement its policy position. The parties are assumed to be uncertain about the electoral impact of valence issues relating to party elites' images of competence, integrity and charisma. The assumptions of the model, highlighting the importance of the median party in parliament, are consistent with empirical work by McDonald and Budge. Under them, the existence of a Nash equilibrium under quite general concavity conditions is proved and it is shown that parties will moderate their positions when their valence images deteriorate. Computations of party equilibria are reported. The model and its implications for policy-seeking parties with results on vote-seeking parties can be contrasted with that recently reported by Schofield and Sened.},
	Author = {Adams, James and {Merrill III}, Samuel},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0007123408000562},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adams, Merrill III - 2009 - Policy-Seeking Parties in a Parliamentary Democracy with Proportional Representation A Valence-Uncertainty M.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0007-1234},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {mar},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {539},
	Title = {{Policy-Seeking Parties in a Parliamentary Democracy with Proportional Representation: A Valence-Uncertainty Model}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000562}}

@article{Adams2014,
	Abstract = {In the United States and Latin America, candidates for national and state-level office frequently must win primary elections in order to advance to the general election. We model and valence issues for candidates such policy office-seeking facing two-stage elections. We determine a Nash equilibrium for the candidates' optimal strategies, and we find that holding a is likely to increase a party's chances the general in situations where valence issues election, primary of winning particularly that involve the candidates' are more salient campaigning skills and that are not known prior to the campaign than policy issues. Furthermore, we find that primary elections are especially likely to benefit parties that expect to be underdogs in the election. Our conclusions relevant general are directly to U.S. politics and by extension to the strategic decisions that many Latin American about whether parties currently confront, it is strategically desirable to hold primaries.},
	Author = {Adams, James and {Merrill III}, Samuel},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adams, Merrill III - 2014 - Candidate and Party Strategies in Two-Stage Elections Beginning with a Primary.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {344--359},
	Title = {{Candidate and Party Strategies in Two-Stage Elections Beginning with a Primary}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{Stone2014,
	Abstract = {We examine the relationship between the valence qualities of candidates and the ideological positions they take in U.S. House elections based on a study of the 2006 midterm elections. Our design enables us to distinguish between campaign and character dimensions of candidate valence and to place candidates and districts on the same ideological scale. Incumbents with a personal-character advantage are closer ideologically to their district preferences, while disadvantaged challengers take more extreme policy positions. Contrary to conventional wisdom, challengers can reap electoral rewards by taking more extreme positions relative to their districts. We explore a possible mechanism for this extremism effect by demonstrating that challengers closer to the extreme received greater financial contributions, which enhanced their chances of victory. Our results bear on theories of representation that include policy and valence, although the interactions between these two dimensions may be complex and counterintuitive.},
	Author = {Stone, Walter J and Simas, Elizabeth N},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stone, Simas - 2014 - Candidate Valence in U. S. House and Ideological Elections Positions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {371--388},
	Title = {{Candidate Valence in U. S. House and Ideological Elections Positions}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{Serra2010,
	Abstract = {We connect three characteristics of political candidates: their preferences, platforms, their and their valence. To do so, we define and study three types of elite polarization: preference polarization, valence polarization, and platform polarization. In our model, policy is represented as a position in a unidimensional space; candidates are policy motivated; valence is represented as a dimension orthogonal to policy; and candidates can increase their valence by paying a cost. We find that candidates will in general not converge to one another in the policy dimension or in the valence dimension. A candidate's preferences are positively, but not perfectly, correlated with her platform. Strikingly, under some circumstances, candidates' platforms will diverge when their preferences converge. And there is an unfortunate trade-off regarding candidates' attributes: they will display high valence or low polarization, but not both. One of our empirical predictions is a positive correlation between campaign spending and platform polarization.},
	Author = {Serra, Gilles},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609990880},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Serra - 2010 - Polarization of What A Model of Elections with Endogenous Valence.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = {mar},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {426},
	Title = {{Polarization of What? A Model of Elections with Endogenous Valence}},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609990880}}

@article{SnyderJr.2011,
	Abstract = {We develop a model of intraparty candidate selection under partisan electoral competition and voter uncertainty. Candidates for office belong to parties, which are factions of ideologically similar candidates. Each party's candidate for a general election can be selected either by a "centralized" mechanism that effectively randomizes over possible candidates or by voters in a primary election. The electorate cares about ideology and valence, and both primary and general elections may reveal candidate valences. Our main theoretical result is that while primaries raise the expected quality of a party's candidates, they may hurt the ex ante preferred party in a competitive electorate by increasing the chances of revealing the opposing party's candidates as superior. Thus, primaries are adopted in relatively extreme districts where a clear favorite party exists. An empirical analysis of the adoption of direct primaries and the competitiveness of primary elections across U.S. states supports these predictions.},
	Author = {{Snyder, Jr.}, James M. and Ting, Michael M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Snyder, Jr., Ting - 2011 - Electoral Selection with Parties and Primaries.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {782--796},
	Title = {{Electoral Selection with Parties and Primaries}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Sengupta2008,
	Abstract = {We study a variant of the multi-candidate Hotelling--Downs model that recognizes that politicians, even after declaring candidacy, have the option of withdrawing from the electoral contest before the election date and saving the cost of continuing campaign. We find that this natural variant significantly alters equilib- rium predictions. We give conditions for the existence of an equilibrium for an arbitrary finite number of candidates and an arbitrary distribution of single-peaked preferences of voters. We also provide a partial characterization of the equilibrium outcomes that addresses whether policy convergence can be a feature of equilibrium outcomes when more than two candidates enter the electoral contest.},
	Author = {Sengupta, Abhijit and Sengupta, Kunal},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.geb.2007.06.008},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sengupta, Sengupta - 2008 - A Hotelling--Downs Model of Electoral Competition with the Option to Quit.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {08998256},
	Journal = {Games and Economic Behavior},
	Month = {mar},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {661--674},
	Title = {{A Hotelling--Downs Model of Electoral Competition with the Option to Quit}},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2007.06.008}}

@article{Schofield2007a,
	Abstract = {Formal models of voting have emphasizd mean the voter theorem, all parties that should rationally adopt identical positions at the electoral mean. The lack of evidence for this assertion is a paradox or contradiction in need of resolution. This article attempts to resolve this paradox by considering an electoral model that includes "valence" or nonpolicy judgements by voters of party leaders. The theorem is used to suggest Republican that success depends on balancing opposed the demands of economic and social conservatives. Democrat success in future elections resides in overcoming policy the demands of economic liberals and gaining support from cosmopolitans-the socially liberal but economically conservative potential supporters of the party.},
	Author = {Schofield, Norman and Miller, Gary},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schofield, Miller - 2007 - Elections and Activist Coalitions in the United States.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {518--531},
	Title = {{Elections and Activist Coalitions in the United States}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Schofield2006,
	Abstract = {After an election, when party positions and strengths are known, there may be a centrally located large party at the core position. Theory sug- gests that such a core party is able to form a minority government and control policy. In the absence of a core party, theory suggests that the outcome be a lottery associated with coalition risk. Stochastic models of elections typically indicate that all parties, in equilibrium, will adopt positions at the electoral cen- ter. This paper first presents an existence theorem for local Nash equilibrium (LNE) under vote maximization, and then constructs a more general model using the notion of coalition risk. The model allows for the balancing of office and policy motivations. Empirical analyses of elections in the Netherlands and Israel are used as illustrations of the model and of the concept of a structurally stable LNE.},
	Author = {Schofield, Norman},
	Doi = {10.1007/s00355-006-0182-3},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schofield - 2006 - Political Equilibria with Electoral Uncertainty.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0176-1714},
	Journal = {Social Choice and Welfare},
	Month = {aug},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {461--490},
	Title = {{Political Equilibria with Electoral Uncertainty}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-006-0182-3}}

@article{Schofield2007,
	Abstract = {Formal models of elections have emphasized the convergence of party leaders towards the centre of the electoral distribution. This paper attempts to resolve the apparent disparity between the formal result and the perception of political divergence by considering a model incorporating valence. Valence can be interpreted as the non-policy basis of political judgement made by the electorate concerning the quality of political contenders. The theorem presented here shows that there is a necessary condition for convergence. The condition involves the difference in party valences and the electoral variance. When the condition fails, the low-valence parties will be forced to adopt policy positions far from the electoral centre. The inference appears to be substantiated by an empirical model of the Israel election in 1996.},
	Author = {Schofield, Norman},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schofield - 2007 - The Mean Voter Theorem Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Convergent Equilibrium.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {965--980},
	Title = {{The Mean Voter Theorem: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Convergent Equilibrium}},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Penn2006,
	Author = {Penn, Elizabeth Maggie},
	Doi = {10.1007/s00355-006-0153-8},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Penn - 2006 - Book Review David Austen-Smith and John Duggan, Editors. Social Choice and Strategic Decisions Essays in Honor of Jeffrey.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0176-1714},
	Journal = {Social Choice and Welfare},
	Month = {may},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {645--649},
	Title = {{Book Review: David Austen-Smith and John Duggan, Editors. Social Choice and Strategic Decisions: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey S. Banks}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-006-0153-8}}

@article{Sanders2011,
	Abstract = {A six-wave 2005--09 national panel survey conducted in conjunction with the British Election Study provided data for an investigation of sources of stability and change in voters' party preferences. The authors test competing spatial and valence theories of party choice and investigate the hypothesis that spatial calculations provide cues for making valence judgements. Analyses reveal that valence mechanisms -- heuristics based on party leader images, party performance evaluations and mutable partisan attachments -- outperform a spatial model in terms of strength of direct effects on party choice. However, spatial effects still have sizeable indirect effects on the vote via their influence on valence judgements. The results of exogeneity tests bolster claims about the flow of influence from spatial calculations to valence judgments to electoral choice.},
	Author = {Sanders, David and Clarke, Harold D. and Stewart, Marianne C. and Whiteley, Paul},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0007123410000505},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sanders et al. - 2011 - Downs, Stokes and the Dynamics of Electoral Choice.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0007-1234},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {287--314},
	Title = {{Downs, Stokes and the Dynamics of Electoral Choice}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123410000505}}

@article{Osborne2000,
	Abstract = {This paper studies the equilibria of a one-dimensional spatial model in which three candidates seek to maximize their probabilities of winning, are uncertain about the voters' preferences, and may move whenever they wish. In the presence of enough uncertainty there is an equilibrium in which two candidates enter simultaneously at distinct positions in the first period and either the third candidate does not enter or enters between the first two in the second period.},
	Author = {Osborne, Martin J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Osborne - 2000 - Entry-deterring policy differentiation by electoral candidates.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {01654896},
	Journal = {Mathematical Social Sciences},
	Month = {jul},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {41--62},
	Title = {{Entry-deterring policy differentiation by electoral candidates}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Osborne1993,
	Abstract = {I first show that if there are more than two potential candidates in the Hotelling-Downs model of the simultaneous choice of positions by politicians then an equilibrium fails to exist in a wide range of situations. Subsequently I study a temporal model in which candidates are free to act whenever they wish. For the case of three potential candidates I find that in every equilibrium exactly one candidate enters. There is always an equilibrium in which the position chosen by the entrant is the median; the only other possibility is that the position chosen is far from the median.},
	Author = {Osborne, Martin J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Osborne - 1993 - Candidate positioning and entry in a political competition.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Games and Economic Behavior},
	Pages = {133--151},
	Title = {{Candidate positioning and entry in a political competition}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Alt2011,
	Abstract = {We exploit variation in U.S. gubernatorial term limits across states and time to empirically estimate two separate effects of elections on government performance. Holding tenure in office constant, differences in performance by reelection- eligible and term-limited incumbents identify an accountability effect: reelection-eligible governors have greater incentives to exert costly effort on behalf of voters. Holding term-limit status constant, differences in performance by incumbents in different terms identify a competence effect: later-term incumbents are more likely to be competent both because they have survived reelection and because they have experience in office. We show that economic growth is higher and taxes, spending, and borrowing costs are lower under reelection-eligible incumbents than under term-limited incumbents (accountability), and under reelected incumbents than under first-term incumbents (competence), all else equal. In addition to improving our understanding of the role of elections in representative democracy, these findings resolve an empirical puzzle about the disappearance of the effect of term limits on gubernatorial performance over time.},
	Author = {Alt, James and {Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan and Rose, Shanna},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381610000940},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alt, Bueno de Mesquita, Rose - 2011 - Disentangling Accountability and Competence in Elections Evidence from U.S. Term Limits.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {171--186},
	Title = {{Disentangling Accountability and Competence in Elections: Evidence from U.S. Term Limits}},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000940}}

@article{Tesler2012,
	Abstract = {This study argues that President Obama's strong association with an issue like health care should polarize public opinion by racial attitudes and race. Consistent with that hypothesis, racial attitudes had a significantly larger impact on health care opinions in fall 2009 than they had in cross-sectional surveys from the past two decades and in panel data collected beforeObama became the face of the policy.Moreover, the experiments embedded in one of those reinterview surveys found health care policies were significantlymore racialized when attributed to PresidentObama than they were when these same proposals were framed as President Clinton's 1993 reform efforts. Dozens of media polls from 1993 to 1994 and from 2009 to 2010 are also pooled together to show that with African Americans overwhelmingly supportive of Obama's legislative proposals, the racial divide in health care opinions was 20 percentage points greater in 2009--10 than it was over President Clinton's plan back in 1993--94.},
	Author = {Tesler, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00577.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tesler - 2012 - The Spillover of Racialization into Health Care How President Obama Polarized Public Opinion by Racial Attitudes and Rac.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {jul},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {690--704},
	Title = {{The Spillover of Racialization into Health Care: How President Obama Polarized Public Opinion by Racial Attitudes and Race}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00577.x}}

@article{Holmstrom1999,
	Abstract = {The paper studies how a person's concern for a future career may influence his or her incen- tives to put in effort or make decisions on the job. In the model, the person's productive abilities are revealed over time through observations of performance. There are no explicit output-contin- gent contracts, but since the wage in each period is based on expected output and expected output depends on assessed ability, an "implicit contract" links today's performance to future wages. An incentive problem arises from the person's ability and desire to influence the learning process, and therefore the wage process, by taking unobserved actions that affect today's performance. The fundamental incongruity in preferences is between the individual's concern for human capital returns and the firm's concern for financial returns. The two need be only weakly related. It is shown that career motives can be beneficial as well as detrimental, depending on how well the two kinds of capital returns are aligned.},
	Author = {Holmstr{\"{o}}m, Bengt},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Holmstr{\"{o}}m - 1999 - Managerial Incentive Problems A Dynamic Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {169--182},
	Title = {{Managerial Incentive Problems: A Dynamic Perspective}},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{SnyderJr.2008,
	Abstract = {We estimate the impact of press coverage on citizen knowledge, pol- iticians' actions, and policy. We find that voters living in areas where, for exogenous reasons, the press covers their U.S. House represen- tative less are less likely to recall their representative's name and less able to describe and rate him or her. Congressmen who are less cov- ered by the local press work less for their constituencies: they are less likely to stand witness before congressional hearings, to serve on con- stituency-oriented committees (perhaps), and to vote against the party line. Finally, federal spending is lower in areas with exogenously lower press coverage of congressmen.},
	Author = {{Snyder, Jr.}, James M. and Str{\"{o}}mberg, David},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Snyder, Jr., Str{\"{o}}mberg - 2008 - Press Coverage and Political Accountability.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {355--408},
	Title = {{Press Coverage and Political Accountability}},
	Volume = {118},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Hirano2014,
	Abstract = {When voters learn about candidates' issue positions during election campaigns, does it affect how they vote? This basic question about voters remains unanswered in part because of a methodological obstacle: learning candidates' issue positions may influence not only voters' vote choice but also their issue positions. To surmount this obstacle,we attempt to answer this question by examining statewide primary elections, which are arguably less vulnerable to this reverse causation problem because they lack partisan cues and are of much lower salience than presidential elections. Using both existing polling data and our own panel Internet surveys, we find that voters learn about the ideologies of candidates during statewide primary campaigns and that this learning affects their voting decisions in senate and gubernatorial primaries.We fail to find similar results for down-ballot primaries, raising questions about voters' ability to make informed judgments for these types of elections.},
	Author = {Hirano, Shigeo and Lenz, Gabriel S. and Pinkovskiy, Maksim and Snyder, James M.},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12093},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hirano et al. - 2014 - Voter Learning in State Primary Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {mar},
	Number = {0},
	Pages = {1--18},
	Title = {{Voter Learning in State Primary Elections}},
	Volume = {00},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12093}}

@article{Huber2007,
	Abstract = {Do presidential campaignadvertisements mobilize, inform,or persuade citizens?To answer this questionweexploit a natural experiment, the accidental treatment of some individuals living in nonbattleground states during the 2000 presidential election to either high levels or one-sided barrages of campaign advertisements simply because they resided in a media market adjoining a competitive state.We isolate the effects of advertising by matching records of locally broadcast presidential advertising with the opinions of National Annenberg Election Survey respondents living in these uncontested states. This approach remedies the observed correlation between advertising and both other campaign activities and previous election outcomes. In contrast to previous research, we find little evidence that citizens are mobilized by or learn from presidential advertisements, but strong evidence that they are persuaded by them.We also consider the causal mechanisms that facilitate persuasion and investigate whether some individuals are more susceptible to persuasion than others.},
	Author = {Huber, Gregory A. and Arceneaux, Kevin},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Huber, Arceneaux - 2007 - Identifying the Persuasive Effects of Presidential Advertising.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {957--977},
	Title = {{Identifying the Persuasive Effects of Presidential Advertising}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Lenz2009,
	Abstract = {According to numerous studies, campaign and news media messages can alter the importance individuals place on an issue when evaluating politicians, an effect called priming. Research on priming revived scholarly interest in campaign and media effects and implied, according to some, that campaigns and the media can manipulate voters. There are, however, alternative explanations for these priming findings, alternatives that previous studies have not fully considered. In this article, I reanalyze four cases of alleged priming, using panel data to test priming effects against these alternatives. Across these four cases, I find little evidence of priming effects. Instead, campaign and media attention to an issue creates the appearance of priming through a two-part process: Exposing individuals to campaign and media messages on an issue (1) informs some of them about the parties' or candidates' positions on that issue. Once informed, (2) these individuals often adopt their preferred party's or candidate's position as their own.},
	Author = {Lenz, Gabrial S.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lenz - 2009 - Learning and Opinion Change, Not Priming Reconsidering the Priming Hypothesis.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {821--837},
	Title = {{Learning and Opinion Change, Not Priming: Reconsidering the Priming Hypothesis}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Gerber2008,
	Abstract = {Voter turnout theories based on rational self-interested behavior generally fail to predict significant turnout unless they account for the utility that citizens receive from performing their civic duty. We distinguish between two aspects of this type of utility, intrinsic satisfaction from behaving in accordance with a norm and extrinsic incentives to comply, and test the effects of priming intrinsic motives and applying varying degrees of extrinsic pressure. A large-scale field experiment involving several hundred thousand registered voters used a series of mailings to gauge these effects. Substantially higher turnout was observed among those who received mailings promising to publicize their turnout to their household or their neighbors. These findings demonstrate the profound importance of social pressure as an inducement to political participation.},
	Author = {Gerber, Alan S. and Green, Donald P. and Larimer, Christopher W.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S000305540808009X},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gerber, Green, Larimer - 2008 - Social Pressure and Voter Turnout Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {feb},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {33--48},
	Title = {{Social Pressure and Voter Turnout: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment}},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000305540808009X}}

@article{Healy2014,
	Abstract = {According to numerous studies, the election-year economy influences presidential election results farmore than cumulative growth throughout the term. Here we describe a series of surveys and experiments that point to an intriguing explanation for this pattern that runs contrary to standard political science explanations, but one that accords with a large psychological literature.Voters,we find, actually intend to judge presidents on cumulative growth.However, since that characteristic is not readily available to them, voters inadvertently substitute election-year performance because it ismore easily accessible. This ``end-heuristic'' explanation for voters' election-year emphasis reflects a general tendency for people to simplify retrospective assessments by substituting conditions at the end for the whole. The end-heuristic explanation also suggests a remedy, a way to align voters' actions with their intentions. Providing people with the attribute they are seeking---cumulative growth---eliminates the election-year emphasis.},
	Author = {Healy, Andrew and Lenz, Gabriel S.},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12053},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Healy, Lenz - 2014 - Substituting the End for the Whole Why Voters Respond Primarily to the Election-Year Economy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {31--47},
	Title = {{Substituting the End for the Whole: Why Voters Respond Primarily to the Election-Year Economy}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12053}}

@article{Ferraz2008,
	Abstract = {This paper uses publicly released audit reports to study the effects of disclos- ing information about corruption practices on electoral accountability. In 2003, as part of an anticorruption program, Brazil's federal government began to select mu- nicipalities at random to audit their expenditures of federally transferred funds. The findings of these audits were then made publicly available and disseminated to media sources. Using a data set on corruption constructed from the audit re- ports, we compare the electoral outcomes of municipalities audited before versus after the 2004 elections, with the same levels of reported corruption.We show that the release of the audit outcomes had a significant impact on incumbents' elec- toral performance, and that these effects were more pronounced in municipalities where local radio was present to divulge the information. Our findings highlight the value of having a more informed electorate and the role played by local media in enhancing political selection.},
	Author = {Ferraz, Claudio and Finan, Frederico},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ferraz, Finan - 2008 - Exposing Corrupt Politicians The Effects of Brazil's Publicly Released Audits on Electoral Outcomes.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Pages = {703--745},
	Title = {{Exposing Corrupt Politicians: The Effects of Brazil's Publicly Released Audits on Electoral Outcomes}},
	Url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract{\_}id=997867},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract%7B%5C_%7Did=997867}}

@article{Fowler2014,
	Author = {Fowler, Anthony and Margolis, Michele},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2013.09.009},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fowler, Margolis - 2014 - The political consequences of uninformed voters.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {02613794},
	Journal = {Electoral Studies},
	Keywords = {American public opinion and potentially election r,Americans fail to meet the democratic ideal of an,and the conse- quences of this political ignorance,they systematically shift their political preferen,we experimentally test the effect of political inf},
	Mendeley-Tags = {American public opinion and potentially election r,Americans fail to meet the democratic ideal of an,and the conse- quences of this political ignorance,they systematically shift their political preferen,we experimentally test the effect of political inf},
	Month = {jun},
	Pages = {100--110},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	Title = {{The political consequences of uninformed voters}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.09.009}}

@article{Fowler2013,
	Abstract = {Despite extensive research on voting, there is little evidence connecting turnout to tangible outcomes.Would election results and public policy be different if everyone voted? The adoption of compulsory voting in Australia provides a rare opportunity to address this question. First, I collect two novel data sources to assess the extent of turnout inequality in Australia before compulsory voting. Overwhelmingly, wealthy citi- zens voted more than their working-class counterparts. Next, exploiting the differential adoption of compulsory voting across states, I find that the policy increased voter turnout by 24 percentage points which in turn increased the vote shares and seat shares of the Labor Party by 7--10 percentage points. Finally, comparing across OECD countries, I find that Australia's adoption of compulsory voting significantly increased turnout and pension spending at the national level. Results suggest that democracies with voluntary voting do not represent the preferences of all citizens. Instead, increased voter turnout can dramatically alter election outcomes and resulting public policies.},
	Author = {Fowler, Anthony},
	Doi = {10.1561/100.00012055},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fowler - 2013 - Electoral and Policy Consequences of Voter Turnout Evidence from Compulsory Voting in Australia.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15540634},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {apr},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {159--182},
	Title = {{Electoral and Policy Consequences of Voter Turnout: Evidence from Compulsory Voting in Australia}},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00012055}}

@article{Anzia2011,
	Abstract = {If voters are biased against female candidates, only the most talented, hardest working female candidates will succeed in the electoral process. Furthermore, if women perceive there to be sex discrimination in the electoral process, or if they underestimate their qualifications for office, then only the most qualified, politically ambitious females will emerge as candidates.We argue that when either or both forms of sex-based selection are present, the women who are elected to office will performbetter, on average, than theirmale counterparts.We test this central implication of our theory by studying the relative success ofmen and women in delivering federal spending to their districts and in sponsoring legislation. Analyzing changeswithin districts over time, we find that congresswomen secure roughly9{\%}more spending from federal discretionary programs than congressmen.Women also sponsor and cosponsor significantlymore bills than theirmale colleagues.},
	Author = {Anzia, Sarah F. and Berry, Christopher R.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00512.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anzia, Berry - 2011 - The Jackie (and Jill) Robinson Effect Why Do Congresswomen Outperform Congressmen.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {jul},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {478--493},
	Title = {{The Jackie (and Jill) Robinson Effect: Why Do Congresswomen Outperform Congressmen?}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00512.x}}

@article{Ansolabehere2001a,
	Abstract = {We analyze the ideological positioning of House candidates running for office from 1874 to 1996. We find that throughout this period congressional candidates hae primarily espoused the ideology associated with the national party, moderating very little to accommodate local ideological conditions. District-by-district competition exerts some pressure on candidates to fit with their constituents, and there have been times in American history when this pressure has been more acute than others. From the 1940s to 1970s, candidates became much more responsive to district interests, but that degree of responsivenss waned in the 1980s and 1990s.},
	Author = {Ansolabehere, Stephen and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M. and {Stewart, III}, Charles},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ansolabehere, Snyder, Jr., Stewart, III - 2001 - Candidate Positioning in U.S. House Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {136--159},
	Title = {{Candidate Positioning in U.S. House Elections}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Ansolabehere2002,
	Author = {Ansolabehere, Stephen and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ansolabehere, Snyder, Jr. - 2002 - The Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections An Analysis of State and Federal Offices, 1942-2000.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Election Law Journal},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {315--338},
	Title = {{The Incumbency Advantage in U.S. Elections: An Analysis of State and Federal Offices, 1942-2000}},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Ansolabehere2003,
	Abstract = {Court-ordered redistricting in the mid-1960s eradicated severe disparities in the populations of U.S. state legislative districts. We examine the geographic distribution of money by states to counties. Cross-sectional analysis shows that counties with relatively more legislative seats per person prior to redistricting received relatively more transfers from the state per person. Over time, counties that lost legislative seats subsequently received a smaller share of state funds per capita. We calculate that population equalization significantly altered the flowof state transfers to counties, diverting approximately {\$}7 billion annually from formerly overrepresented to formerly underrepresented counties, an effect missed by past studies. For those concerned with the design of democratic institutions around the world today, the American experience provides clear evidence of the political consequences of unequal representation.},
	Author = {Ansolabehere, Stephen and Gerber, Alan and Snyder, James M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055402000448},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ansolabehere, Gerber, Snyder - 2003 - Equal Votes, Equal Money Court-Ordered Redistricting and Public Expenditures in the American State.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {767--777},
	Title = {{Equal Votes, Equal Money: Court-Ordered Redistricting and Public Expenditures in the American States}},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055402000448}}

@article{Ansolabehere2006a,
	Author = {Ansolabehere, Stephen and Rodden, Jonathan and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ansolabehere, Rodden, Snyder, Jr. - 2006 - Purple America.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {97--118},
	Title = {{Purple America}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Voeten2001,
	Abstract = {I examine if and how a superpower can use its asymmetric power to achieve favorable outcomes in multilateral bargaining between states that have conflicting interests and veto power. Using a game-theoretic framework, I show that the ability to act outside, either unilaterally or with an ally, helps the superpower to reach agreements that would be vetoed in the absence of the outside option. These agreements, however, are usually not at the superpower's ideal point. Under some conditions, uncertainty about the credibility of the outside option can lead to unilateral action that all actors prefer to avoid. In other circumstances, this uncertainty results in multilateral actions that the superpower (and the ally) would not initiate without multilateral authorization. The model provides useful insights that help explain patterns of decision-making in the United Nations Security Council in the 1990s, including the failed attempt to reach agreement over the Kosovo intervention.},
	Author = {Voeten, Erik},
	Doi = {10.1017/S000305540101005X},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {dec},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {845--858},
	Title = {{Outside Options and the Logic of Security Council Action}},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000305540101005X}}

@article{Milgrom1985,
	Author = {Milgrom, Paul R. and Weber, Robert J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milgrom, Weber - 1985 - Distributional strategies for games with incomplete information.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Mathematics of Operations {\ldots}},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {619--632},
	Title = {{Distributional strategies for games with incomplete information}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Athey2001,
	Abstract = {This paper analyzes a class of games of incomplete information where each agent has private information about her own type, and the types are drawn from an atomless joint probability distribution. The main result establishes existence of pure strategy Nash equilibria PSNE under a condition we call the single crossing condition SCC , roughly {\v{Z}}. {\v{Z}} . described as follows: whenever each opponent uses a nondecreasing strategy in the sense {\v{Z}} that higher types choose higher actions , a player's best response strategy is also nonde- . creasing. When the SCC holds, a PSNE exists in every finite-action game. Further, for games with continuous payoffs and a continuum of actions, there exists a sequence of PSNE to finite-action games that converges to a PSNE of the continuum-action game. These convergence and existence results also extend to some classes of games with discontinuous payoffs, such as first-price auctions, where bidders may be heterogeneous and reserve prices are permitted. Finally, the paper characterizes the SCC based on properties of utility functions and probability distributions over types. Applications in- clude first-price, multi-unit, and all-pay auctions; pricing games with incomplete informa- tion about costs; and noisy signaling games.},
	Author = {Athey, Susan},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Athey - 2001 - Single crossing properties and the existence of pure strategy equilibria in games of incomplete information.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {861--889},
	Title = {{Single crossing properties and the existence of pure strategy equilibria in games of incomplete information}},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Shor2011,
	Abstract = {The development and elaboration of the spatial theory of voting has contributed greatly to the study of legislative decision making and elections. Statistical models that estimate the spatial locations of individual decision-makers have made a key contribution to this success. Spatial models have been estimated for the U.S. Congress, the Supreme Court, U.S. presidents, a large number of non-U.S. legislatures, and supranational organizations. Yet one potentially fruitful laboratory for testing spatial theories, the individual U.S. states, has remained relatively unexploited, for two reasons. First, state legislative roll call data have not yet been systematically collected for all states over time. Second, because ideal point models are based on latent scales, comparisons of ideal points across states or even between chambers within a state are difficult. This article reports substantial progress on both fronts. First, we have obtained the roll call voting data for all state legislatures from the mid-1990s onward. Second, we exploit a recurring survey of state legislative candidates to allowcomparisons across time, chambers, and states as well as with the U.S. Congress. The resulting mapping of America's state legislatures has great potential to address numerous questions not only about state politics and policymaking, but also about legislative politics in general.},
	Author = {Shor, Boris and McCarty, Nolan M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055411000153},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {jul},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {530--551},
	Title = {{The Ideological Mapping of American Legislatures}},
	Volume = {105},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000153}}

@article{Shor2010,
	Abstract = {Researchers face two major problems when applying ideal point estimation techniques to state legislatures. First, longitudinal roll-call data are scarce. second, even when such data exist, scaling ideal points within a single state is an inadequate approach. No comparisons can be made between these estimates and those for other state legislatures or for Congress. our project provides a solution. We exploit a new comparative dataset of state legislative roll calls to generate ideal points for legislators. taking advantage of the fact that state legislators sometimes go on to serve in Congress, we create a common ideological scale. Using these bridge actors, we estimate state legislative ideal points in congressional common space for 11 states. We present our results and illustrate how these scores can be used to address important topics in state and legislative politics.},
	Author = {Shor, Boris and Berry, Christopher R. and McCarty, Nolan M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Shor, Berry, McCarty - 2010 - A Bridge to Somewhere Mapping State and Congressional Ideology on a Cross-Institutional Common Space.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {1--32},
	Title = {{A Bridge to Somewhere: Mapping State and Congressional Ideology on a Cross-Institutional Common Space}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Kuziemko2006,
	Abstract = {Ten of the 15 seats on the U.N. Security Council are held by rotating members serving two-year terms. We find that a country's U.S. aid increases by 59 percent and its U.N. aid by 8 percent when it rotates onto the council. This effect increases during years in which key dip- lomatic events take place (when members' votes should be especially valuable), and the timing of the effect closely tracks a country's elec- tion to, and exit from, the council. Finally, the U.N. results appear to be driven by UNICEF, an organization over which the United States has historically exerted great control.},
	Author = {Kuziemko, Ilyana and Werker, Eric},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:41:49 +0000},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kuziemko, Werker - 2006 - How much is a seat on the Security Council worth Foreign aid and bribery at the United Nations.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {905--930},
	Title = {{How Much is a Seat on the Security Council Worth? Foreign Aid and Bribery at the United Nations}},
	Volume = {114},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Milgrom1982,
	Abstract = {Limit pricing involves charging prices below the monopoly price to make new entry appear unattractive. If the entrant is a rational decision maker with complete information, pre-entry prices will not influence its entry decision, so the established firm has no incentive to practice limit pricing. However, if the established firm has private, payoff relevant information (e.g., about costs), then prices can signal that information, so limit pricing can arise in equilibrium. The probability that entry actually occurs in such an equilibrium, however, can be lower, the same, or even higher than in a regime of complete information (where no limit pricing would occur).},
	Author = {Milgrom, Paul and Roberts, John},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milgrom, Roberts - 1982 - Limit Pricing and Entry under Incomplete Information An Equilibrium Analysis.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {443--459},
	Title = {{Limit Pricing and Entry under Incomplete Information: An Equilibrium Analysis}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1982}}

@article{Bonica2013,
	Abstract = {I develop a statistical method to measure the ideology of candidates and political action committees (PACs) using contribution data. The method recovers ideal points for incumbents that strongly correlate with ideological measures recovered from voting records, while simultaneously recovering positions for PACs, unsuccessful challengers, and open-seat candidates. As the candidate ideal points are estimated independently of voting records, they represent a useful new resource for testing models of legislative behavior. By incorporating nonideological covariates known to influence PAC contributions, themethod also shows promise as a platform for furthering our understanding of PAC contribution behavior.},
	Author = {Bonica, Adam},
	Doi = {10.1111/ajps.12014},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bonica - 2013 - Ideology and Interests in the Political Marketplace.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {apr},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {294--311},
	Title = {{Ideology and Interests in the Political Marketplace}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12014}}

@article{Holmstrom1999,
	Abstract = {The paper studies how a person's concern for a future career may influence his or her incen- tives to put in effort or make decisions on the job. In the model, the person's productive abilities are revealed over time through observations of performance. There are no explicit output-contin- gent contracts, but since the wage in each period is based on expected output and expected output depends on assessed ability, an "implicit contract" links today's performance to future wages. An incentive problem arises from the person's ability and desire to influence the learning process, and therefore the wage process, by taking unobserved actions that affect today's performance. The fundamental incongruity in preferences is between the individual's concern for human capital returns and the firm's concern for financial returns. The two need be only weakly related. It is shown that career motives can be beneficial as well as detrimental, depending on how well the two kinds of capital returns are aligned.},
	Author = {Holmstr{\"{o}}m, Bengt},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Holmstr{\"{o}}m - 1999 - Managerial Incentive Problems A Dynamic Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {169--182},
	Title = {{Managerial Incentive Problems: A Dynamic Perspective}},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Ashworth2009,
	Abstract = {We study a game in which candidates first choose platforms and then invest in costly valences (e.g., engage in campaign spending). The marginal return to valence depends on platform polarization---the closer platforms are, the more valence affects the election outcome. Consequently, candidates without policy preferences choose divergent platforms to soften valence competition. Moreover, exogenous increases in incentives for valence accumulation lead to both increased valence and increased polarization---the latter because candidates seek to avoid the costs of extra valence. As a result, the increase in valence is smaller than it would have been with exogenous platforms. Finally, the model highlights the overlooked substantive importance of common modeling assumptions. Changing the source of uncertainty in our model from noise around the median voter's ideal point to a shock to one candidate's valence (as is common in the literature) leads to complete platform convergence for all parameter values.},
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott and {Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.geb.2008.11.007},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ashworth, Bueno de Mesquita - 2009 - Elections with Platform and Valence Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {08998256},
	Journal = {Games and Economic Behavior},
	Month = {sep},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {191--216},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
	Title = {{Elections with Platform and Valence Competition}},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2008.11.007}}

@article{Ashworth2006,
	Abstract = {We analyze a model of legislative particularism to understand how the provision of constituency service responds to variations in institutional and electoral environments.We show that increased partisan balance in the electorate, single-member districts, and independent executives all increase incentives for legislators to provide constituency service. The results of the model are consistent with existing comparative-institutional empirical observations. Moreover, the model addresses over time trends in the United States that are not explained by existing models and yields novel hypotheses that are amenable to empirical evaluation.},
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott and {Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ashworth, Bueno de Mesquita - 2006 - Delivering the Goods Legislative Particularism in Different Electoral and Institutional Settings.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {168--179},
	Title = {{Delivering the Goods: Legislative Particularism in Different Electoral and Institutional Settings}},
	Volume = {68},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Frank2009,
	Abstract = {This paper introduces a new comprehensive panel of annual state-level income inequality measures spanning the postwar period 1945--2004. For many states, the share of income held by the top decile experienced a prolonged period of stability after World War II, followed by a substantial increase in inequality during the 1980s and 1990s. This paper also presents an examination of the long-run relationship between income inequality and economic growth. Our findings indicate that the long-run relationship between inequality and growth is positive in nature and driven principally by the concentration of income in the upper end of the income distribution.},
	Author = {Frank, Mark W.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00122.x},
	Issn = {00952583},
	Journal = {Economic Inquiry},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {55--68},
	Title = {{Inequality and Growth in the United States: Evidence From a New State-Level Panel of Income Inequality Measures}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00122.x}}

@article{Meltzer1981,
	Abstract = {In a general equilibrium model of a labor economy, the size of government, measured by the share of income redistributed, is determined by majority rule. Voters rationally anticipate the disincentive effects of taxation on the labor-lesiure choices of their fellow citizens and take the effect into account when voting. The share of earned income redistributed depends on the voting rule and on the distribution of productivity in the economy. Under majority rule, the equilibrium tax share balances the budge and pays for the voters' choices. The principal reasons for increased size of government implied by the model are extensions of the franchise that change the position of the decisive voter in the income distribution and changes in relative productivity. An increase in mean income relative to the income of the decisive voter increases the size of government.},
	Author = {Meltzer, Allan H. and Richard, Scott F.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meltzer, Richard - 1981 - A Rational Theory of the Size of Government.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {914--927},
	Title = {{A Rational Theory of the Size of Government}},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {1981}}

@article{Glaeser2009,
	Abstract = {Much of the inequality literature has focused on national inequality, but local inequality is also important. Crime rates are higher in more unequal cities; people in unequal cities are more likely to say that they are unhappy. There is a negative association between local inequality and the growth of city-level income and population, once we control for the initial distribution of skills. High levels of mobility across cities mean that city-level inequality should not be studied with the same analytical tools used to understand national inequality, and policy approaches need to reflect the urban context. Urban inequality reflects the choices of more and less skilled people to live together in particular areas. City-level skill inequality can explain about one-third of the variation in city-level income inequality, while skill inequality is itself explained by historical schooling patterns and immigration. Local income also reflects the substantial differences in the returns to skill across, which are related to local industrial patterns.},
	Author = {Glaeser, Edward L. and Resseger, Matt and Tobio, Kristina},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9787.2009.00627.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Glaeser, Resseger, Tobio - 2009 - Inequality in Cities.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00224146},
	Journal = {Journal of Regional Science},
	Month = {oct},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {617--646},
	Title = {{Inequality in Cities}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2009.00627.x}}

@article{Attanasio2012,
	Author = {Attanasio, O and Hurst, E and Pistaferri, L},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Attanasio, Hurst, Pistaferri - 2012 - The Evolution of Income, Consumption, and Leisure inequality in the US, 1980-2010.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {March},
	Pages = {1980--2010},
	Title = {{The Evolution of Income, Consumption, and Leisure inequality in the US, 1980-2010}},
	Year = {2012}}

@book{Bickers1991,
	Address = {Aramonk, NY},
	Author = {Bickers, Kenneth N. and Stein, Robert M.},
	Booktitle = {Federal Domestic Outlays, 1983--1990: A Data Book.},
	Publisher = {M. E. Sharpe},
	Title = {{Federal Domestic Outlays, 1983--1990: A Data Book}},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{StewartIII,
	Author = {{Stewart, III}, Charles and Woon, Jonathan},
	Title = {{Congressional Committee Assignments, 103rd to 112th Congresses, 1993--2011: House Committees}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Halberstam2014,
	Author = {Halberstam, Yosh and Montagnes, B. Pablo},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Halberstam, Montagnes - 2014 - Presidential Coattails versus The Median Voter Senator Selection in U.S. Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {unpublished - Available at http://individual.utoronto.ca/halberstam/coattails{\_}extremism.pdf},
	Title = {{Presidential Coattails versus The Median Voter: Senator Selection in U.S. Elections}},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{Nelson,
	Author = {Nelson, Garrison},
	Title = {{Committees in the U.S. Congress, 1947-1992: House Committees, 98th-102nd Congresses}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Dekel2008,
	Abstract = {We examine the consequences of vote buying, assuming this practice were allowed and free of stigma. Two parties compete in a binary election and may purchase votes in a sequential bidding game via up- front binding payments and/or campaign promises (platforms) that are contingent on the outcome of the election. We analyze the role of the parties' and voters' preferences in determining the winner and the payments to voters.},
	Author = {Dekel, Eddie and Jackson, Matthew O. and Wolinsky, Asher},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dekel, Jackson, Wolinsky - 2008 - Vote Buying General Elections(2).pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {351--380},
	Title = {{Vote Buying: General Elections}},
	Volume = {116},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Huck2005,
	Abstract = {The endowment effect describes the fact that people demand much more to give up an object than they are willing to spend to acquire it. The existence of this effect has been documented in numerous experiments. We attempt to explain this effect by showing that evolution favors individuals whose preferences embody an endowment effect. The reason is that an endowment effect improves one's bargaining position in bilateral trades. We show that for a general class of evolutionary processes strictly positive endowment effects will survive in the long run.},
	Author = {Huck, Steffen and Kirchsteiger, Georg and Oechssler, Jorg},
	Journal = {The Economic Journal},
	Number = {1990},
	Pages = {689--702},
	Title = {{Learning to like what you have--explaining the endowment effect}},
	Volume = {115},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Mailath2006,
	Abstract = {We present a model incorporating both social and economic components and analyze their interaction. The notion of a social asset, an attribute that has value only because of the social institutions governing society, is introduced. In the basic model, agents match on the basis of income and unproductive attributes. Anattribute has value insomeequilibrium social institutions (matching patterns), but not in others. We then show that productive attributes (such as education) can have their value increased above their inherent productive value by some social institutions, leading to the notion of the social value of an asset.},
	Author = {Mailath, George J. and Postlewaite, Andrew},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mailath, Postlewaite - 2006 - Social Assets.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1057--1092},
	Title = {{Social Assets}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Alexander2014,
	Author = {Alexander, Dan and Berry, Christopher R. and Howell, William G.},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Title = {{Distributive Politics and Legislator Ideology}},
	Year = {201}}

@article{Feddersen1990,
	Abstract = {We analyze a formal model of electoral competition under plurality rule that is characterized by two novel features. First, rather than assuming a fixed field of candidates, we allow candidates to make decisions regarding entry, as well as location. Second, voters in our model are strategically rational, that is, they maximize utility over expected policy outcomes, rather than simply voting for the ideologically closest candidate. Given these assumptions, all equilibria in this model are such that the set of entrants locates at the median voter's ideal point. This result stands in sharp contrast to earlier models of multicandidate competition in which entry is not allowed and voters vote sincerely.},
	Author = {Feddersen, Timothy J. and Sened, Itai and Wright, Stephen G.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Feddersen, Sened, Wright - 1990 - Rational voting and candidate entry under plurality rule.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1005--1016},
	Title = {{Rational voting and candidate entry under plurality rule}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{Ansolabehere2001,
	Abstract = {We analyze the ideological position- ing of House candidates running for office from 1874 to 1996. We find that throughout this period congressional candidates have primarily espoused the ideology associated with the national party, moderating very little to accommodate local ideological conditions. District-by-district compe- tition exerts some pressure on candi- dates to fit with their constituents, and there have been times in American history when this pressure has been more acute than others. From the 1940s to 1970s, candidates became much more responsive to district interests, but that degree of respon- siveness waned in the 1980s and 1990s.},
	Author = {Ansolabehere, Stephen and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M. and Stewart, Charles},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ansolabehere, Snyder, Jr., Stewart - 2001 - Candidate positioning in US House elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {136--159},
	Title = {{Candidate positioning in US House elections}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Howell2000,
	Abstract = {This paper contributes to the literature on divided government and legislative productivity. We begin by reexamining Mayhew's data on landmark enactments. We show that Mayhew's claim that divided government does not affect legislative productivity is a consequence of aggregating time series that exhibit different behavior. We then extend Mayhew's analysis by broadening the concept of significance and creating a new four-category measure that encompasses all 17,663 public laws enacted in the period of 1945-94. Using appropriate time-series techniques, we demonstrate that periods of divided government depress the production of landmark legislation by about 30{\%}, at least when productivity is measured on the basis of contemporane- ous perceptions of legislative significance. Divided government, however, has no substantive effect on the production of important, albeit not landmark, legislation and actually has a positive effect on the passage of trivial laws.},
	Author = {Howell, William and Adler, Scott and Cameron, Charles and Riemann, Charles},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Howell et al. - 2000 - Divided Government and the Legislative Productivity of Congress, 1945-94.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {285--312},
	Title = {{Divided Government and the Legislative Productivity of Congress, 1945-94}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2000}}

@book{Cox2005,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Cox, Gary W. and McCubbins, Matthew D.},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Setting the Agenda: Responsible Party Government in the U.S. House of Representatives}},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{Cox1993,
	Address = {Berkeley},
	Author = {Cox, Gary W. and McCubbins, Matthew D.},
	Publisher = {University of California Press},
	Title = {{Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House}},
	Year = {1993}}

@book{McCarty2006,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {McCarty, Nolan M. and Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard},
	Publisher = {The MIT Press},
	Title = {{Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches}},
	Year = {2006}}

@misc{Abrams2007,
	Abstract = {Choice Outstanding Academic Title, 2007. The idea of America as politically polarized{\~{N}}that there is an unbridgeable divide between right and left, red and blue states{\~{N}}has become a clich{\'{e}}. What commentators miss, however, is that increasing polarization in recent decades has been closely accompanied by fundamental social and economic changes{\~{N}}most notably, a parallel rise in income inequality. In Polarized America, Nolan McCarty, Keith Poole, and Howard Rosenthal examine the relationships of polarization, wealth disparity, immigration, and other forces, characterizing it as a dance of give and take and back and forth causality. Using NOMINATE (a quantitative procedure that, like interest group ratings, scores politicians on the basis of their roll call voting records) to measure polarization in Congress and public opinion, census data and Federal Election Commission finance records to measure polarization among the public, the authors find that polarization and income inequality fell in tandem from 1913 to 1957 and rose together dramatically from 1977 on; they trace a parallel rise in immigration beginning in the 1970s. They show that Republicans have moved right, away from redistributive policies that would reduce income inequality. Immigration, meanwhile, has facilitated the move to the right: non-citizens, a larger share of the population and disproportionately poor, cannot vote; thus there is less political pressure from the bottom for redistribution than there is from the top against it. In "the choreography of American politics" inequality feeds directly into political polarization, and polarization in turn creates policies that further increase inequality.},
	Author = {Abrams, Samuel J.},
	Booktitle = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1537592707071873},
	Isbn = {0262134640},
	Issn = {1537-5927},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {642},
	Title = {{Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1537592707071873}}

@misc{Abrams2007a,
	Abstract = {Choice Outstanding Academic Title, 2007. The idea of America as politically polarized{\~{N}}that there is an unbridgeable divide between right and left, red and blue states{\~{N}}has become a clich{\'{e}}. What commentators miss, however, is that increasing polarization in recent decades has been closely accompanied by fundamental social and economic changes{\~{N}}most notably, a parallel rise in income inequality. In Polarized America, Nolan McCarty, Keith Poole, and Howard Rosenthal examine the relationships of polarization, wealth disparity, immigration, and other forces, characterizing it as a dance of give and take and back and forth causality. Using NOMINATE (a quantitative procedure that, like interest group ratings, scores politicians on the basis of their roll call voting records) to measure polarization in Congress and public opinion, census data and Federal Election Commission finance records to measure polarization among the public, the authors find that polarization and income inequality fell in tandem from 1913 to 1957 and rose together dramatically from 1977 on; they trace a parallel rise in immigration beginning in the 1970s. They show that Republicans have moved right, away from redistributive policies that would reduce income inequality. Immigration, meanwhile, has facilitated the move to the right: non-citizens, a larger share of the population and disproportionately poor, cannot vote; thus there is less political pressure from the bottom for redistribution than there is from the top against it. In "the choreography of American politics" inequality feeds directly into political polarization, and polarization in turn creates policies that further increase inequality.},
	Author = {Abrams, Samuel J.},
	Booktitle = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1537592707071873},
	Isbn = {0262134640},
	Issn = {1537-5927},
	Pages = {642},
	Title = {{Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1537592707071873}}

@book{Fiorina2010,
	Abstract = {Updated in a new 3rd edition and part of the "Great Questions in Politics" series,Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America combines polling data with a compelling narrative to debunk commonly-believed myths about American politicsparticularly the claim that Americans are deeply divided in their fundamental political views. Authored by one of the most respected political scientists in America, this brief, trade-like text looks at controversial and hot topic issues (such as homosexuality, abortion, etc.) and argues that most Americans are not polarized in relation to them.},
	Address = {Boston},
	Author = {Fiorina, Morris P. and Abrams, Samuel J. and Pope, Jeremy C.},
	Booktitle = {Book},
	Edition = {3rd Editio},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fiorina, Abrams, Pope - 2010 - Culture War The Myth of a Polarized America.docx:docx},
	Isbn = {0321366069},
	Issn = {1556-5068},
	Publisher = {Longman},
	Title = {{Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America}},
	Volume = {2nd},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Hixon2007,
	Abstract = {We introduce a view of congressional party leaders as strategic manipulators of issue dimensions, similar in spirit to Riker's (1982, 1986) heresthetics. Party leaders have incentives to add to bills content from a secondary dimension in order to attract moderates' support. This strategy can be cheaper than compromising along the liberal-conservative dimension. Empirically, moderates differ in their second-dimension preferences from non-moderates -- a necessary condition for the strategy to work as we suggest it might. House passage of a 1997 emergency appro- priations bill illustrates this strategy. Our view of party leadership challenges to some extent the argument that legislative parties reduce the dimensionality of congressional decision making and questions the one-dimensional picture of congressional politics.},
	Author = {Hixon, William and Marshall, Bryan W.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0951629807071020},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hixon, Marshall - 2007 - Agendas, Side Issues and Leadership in the US House.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0951-6298},
	Journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
	Month = {jan},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {83--99},
	Title = {{Agendas, Side Issues and Leadership in the US House}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629807071020}}

@article{Carroll2010,
	Abstract = {We argue that party government in theU.S.House of Representatives rests on two pillars: the pursuit of policy goals and the disbursement of particularistic benefits. Existing theories of party government argue that the majority party in the House is often successful in biasing policy outcomes in its favor. In the process, it creates ``policy losers'' among its own members who nevertheless support their party on procedural votes.We posit that the majority party creates an incentive for even the policy losers to support a procedural coalition through judicious distribution of particularistic benefits that compensates policy losers at a rate commensurate with the policy losses that they suffer. We evaluate our theory empirically using the concept of ``roll rates'' in conjunction with federal domestic outlays data for the period 1983--96.We find that, within the majority party, policy losers are favored in the distribution of ``pork barrel'' spending throughout this period.},
	Author = {Carroll, Royce and Kim, Henry A.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carroll, Kim - 2010 - Party Government and the ``Cohesive Power of Public Plunder''.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {34--44},
	Title = {{Party Government and the ``Cohesive Power of Public Plunder''}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Wiseman2004,
	Abstract = {Formal theories of "vote-buying" aim to explain legislative coalition building, and lobbying. While anecdotal evidence suggests that something approximating vote-buying occurs, these theories have not been subjected to substantial empirical tests. Using roll-call data from all House bills subject to votes on final passage in the House of Representatives in the 103rd Congress, this study tests the coalition size implications of vote-buying theories. The primary method of analysis is ordinary least squares. Variation in coalition size, as represented by the percentage of the chamber voting yea, is accounted for in a manner consistent with vote buying theo- ries. By making an assumption about what kinds of legislation are likely to attract one, or multiple, vote- buyers, we are able to operationalize the number of vote-buyers lobbying on a given bill. Other theoretical pre- dictors of coalition size are also entered into the analysis, and the results offer support the family for of theories. When controlling different for parliamentary procedures, bills that are likely to attract two vote-buyers gener- ate coalitions that are approximately 6 percent larger than single vote-buyer bills.},
	Author = {Wiseman, Alan E.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiseman - 2004 - Tests of Vote-Buyer Theories of Coalition Formation in Legislatures.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {441--450},
	Title = {{Tests of Vote-Buyer Theories of Coalition Formation in Legislatures}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Rothschild1976,
	Abstract = {Economic theorists traditionally banish discussions of infor- mation to footnotes. Serious consideration of costs of communication, imperfect knowledge, and the like would, it is believed, complicate without informing. This paper, which analyzes competitive markets in which the characteristics of the commodities exchanged are not fully known to at least one of the parties to the transaction, suggests that this comforting myth is false. Some of the most important con- clusions of economic theory are not robust to considerations of im- perfect information. We are able to show that not only may a competitive equilibrium not exist, but when equilibria do exist, they may have strange prop- erties. In the insurance market, upon which we focus much of our discussion, sales offers, at least those that survive the competitive process, do not specify a price at which customers can buy all the in- surance. they want, but instead consist of both a price and a quan- tity-a particular amount of insurance that the individual can buy at that price. Furthermore, if individuals were willing or able to reveal their information, everybody could be made better off. By their very being, high-risk individuals cause an externality: the low-risk indi- viduals are worse off than they would be in the absence of the high-risk individuals. However, the high-risk individuals are no better off than they would be in the absence of the low-risk individuals.},
	Author = {Rothschild, Michael and Stiglitz, Joseph},
	Journal = {The quarterly journal of economics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {629--649},
	Title = {{Equilibrium in competitive insurance markets: An essay on the economics of imperfect information}},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1976}}

@article{Riley1979,
	Abstract = {If buyers are less well-informed about product quality than sellers, market prices will reflect average quality. Sellers of high quality products therefore have an incentive to engage in some distinguishing activity which operates as a signal to potential buyers. This paper explores the viability of such signalling or "informational equilibria." It is established that with a continuum of quality levels there is no Nash equilibrium. An alternative non-cooperative equilibrium concept is then developed in which potential price searching agents take account of possible reactions by other agents. It is shown that there is a unique "reactive" informational equilibrium.},
	Author = {Riley, John G.},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {331--359},
	Title = {{Informational equilibrium}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1979}}

@article{Grimmer2012,
	Abstract = {Particularistic spending, a large literature argues, builds support for incumbents. This literature equates money spent in the district with the credit constituents allocate. Yet, constituents lack the necessary information and motivation to allocate credit in thisway.We use extensive observational and experimental evidence to showhowlegislators' credit claimingmessages---and not justmoney spent in the district---affect how constituents allocate credit. Legislators use credit claiming messages to influence the expenditures they receive credit for and to affect how closely they are associated with spending in the district. Constituents are responsive to credit claimingmessages---they build more support than other nonpartisan messages. But contrary to expectations from other studies, constituents are more responsive to the total number of messages sent rather than the amount claimed. Our results have broad implications for political representation, the personal vote, and the study of U.S. Congressional elections.},
	Author = {Grimmer, Justin and Messing, Solomon and Westwood, Sean J.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000457},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Grimmer, Messing, Westwood - 2012 - How Words and Money Cultivate a Personal Vote The Effect of Legislator Credit Claiming on Constituen.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {oct},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {703--719},
	Title = {{How Words and Money Cultivate a Personal Vote: The Effect of Legislator Credit Claiming on Constituent Credit Allocation}},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000457}}

@article{Kriner2012,
	Abstract = {Do voters reward presidents for increased federal spending in their local constituencies? Previous research on the electoral consequences of federal spending has focused almost exclusively on Congress, mostly with null results. However, in a county- and individual-level study of presidential elections from 1988 to 2008, we present evidence that voters reward incumbent presidents (or their party's nominee) for increased federal spending in their communities. This relationship is stronger in battleground states. Furthermore,we showthat federal grants are an electoral currency whose value depends on both the clarity of partisan responsibility for its provision and the characteristics of the recipients. Presidents enjoy increased support from spending in counties represented by co-partisan members of Congress. At the individual level, we also find that ideology conditions the response of constituents to spending; liberal and moderate voters reward presidents for federal spending at higher levels than conservatives. Our results suggest that, although voters may claim to favor deficit reduction, presidents who deliver such benefits are rewarded at the ballot box.},
	Author = {Kriner, Douglas L. and Reeves, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000159},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kriner, Reeves - 2012 - The Influence of Federal Spending on Presidential Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {may},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {348--366},
	Title = {{The Influence of Federal Spending on Presidential Elections}},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000159}}

@article{Jenkins2012,
	Abstract = {We explore the foundations of the legislative party cartel, as theorized by Cox andMcCubbins (1993, 2005), to determine howmajority-partymoderates who suffer net policy losses from themajority leadership's use of negative agenda control are kept from defecting from the cartel arrangement. First, we identify formally the group of majority-party members who are net policy losers. We find that those members occupying the initial 30{\%} of the space within the majority-party blockout zone---that space closest to the floor median---are hurt on a pure policy basis by the cartel arrangement. Second, we find that members in this ``30{\%} zone'' are rewarded disproportionately by majority-party leaders (relative to members in other intervals on the same side of the floor median) via side payments in the form of campaign contributions. In addition, majority-party members within the 30{\%} zone receive side payments commensurate with their particular policy loss.},
	Author = {Jenkins, Jeffery A. and Monroe, Nathan W.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00593.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jenkins, Monroe - 2012 - Buying Negative Agenda Control in the U.S. House.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {oct},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {897--912},
	Title = {{Buying Negative Agenda Control in the U.S. House}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00593.x}}

@misc{Boehmke2008,
	Author = {Boehmke, Frederick J.},
	Title = {{GRINTER: A Stata Utility to graph interaction effects after regression models}},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{Evans2004,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Evans, Diana},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Greasing the Wheels: Using Pork Barrel Projects to Build Majority Coalitions in Congress}},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{Cox1993,
	Address = {Berkeley and Los Angeles},
	Author = {Cox, Gary W. and McCubbins, Matthew D.},
	Publisher = {University of California Press, Ltd.},
	Title = {{Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House}},
	Year = {1993}}

@book{Arnold1990,
	Address = {New Haven and London},
	Author = {Arnold, Douglas R.},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{The Logic of Congressional Action}},
	Year = {1990}}

@book{Ferejohn1974,
	Address = {Stanford},
	Author = {Ferejohn, John A.},
	Publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	Title = {{Pork Barrel Politics: Rivers and Harbors Legislation, 1947-1968}},
	Year = {1974}}

@article{Koford1982,
	Abstract = {This paper presents a model of centralized vote-trading in a legislature. In this model, legislators trade only with party leaders, who set prices at which they will buy needed vote-changes and sell promises to pass or defeat particular bills. Each legislator trades away votes on bills of little concern to him and of high concern to leaders, and purchases promises from the leaders to pass (or defeat) particular bills of high concern to the legislator, relative to the price the leguslator must pay. This model is intended as a formal representation of an 'efficient' and possibly desirable legislature; modifications are needed to make it useful in describing actual legislatures. However, some evidence is cited to show that this model better accords with reality than previous vote- trading models.},
	Author = {Koford, Kenneth J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Koford - 1982 - Centralized vote-trading.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {245--268},
	Title = {{Centralized vote-trading}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1982}}

@article{Ellwood1993,
	Author = {Ellwood, John W. and Patashnik, Eric M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ellwood, Patashnik - 1993 - In praise of pork.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Interest},
	Number = {110},
	Pages = {19--34},
	Title = {{In praise of pork}},
	Url = {http://www2.moundsviewschools.org/moundsview/userfiles/obergs/in praise of pork.pdf},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www2.moundsviewschools.org/moundsview/userfiles/obergs/in%20praise%20of%20pork.pdf}}

@article{Evans1994,
	Abstract = {The literature on distributive politics in legislatures concentrates on the formation of logrolling coalitions to pass the district projects of the coalitions' members at the expense of the general public. This article argues that district projects are also used for another purpose: to help committee leaders to construct supporting coalitions for legislative pack- ages that satisfy the leaders' own goals, including general benefit legislation. This study explicates such a strategy and tests its efficacy by estimating the impact on House members' roll call votes of the inclusion of highway "demonstration" projects in the 1987 highway and urban mass transit reauthorization by the leadership of the House Public Works and Transportation Committee. The analysis shows that distributive benefits conferred by the leaders did indeed influence members' support for the leaders' legislative goals on that bill.},
	Author = {Evans, Diana},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Evans - 1994 - Policy and Pork The Use of Pork Barrel Projects to Build Policy Coalitions in the House of Representatives.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {894--917},
	Title = {{Policy and Pork: The Use of Pork Barrel Projects to Build Policy Coalitions in the House of Representatives}},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Gordon2011,
	Abstract = {When can presidents direct bureaucrats to allocate government expenditures for electoral purposes? To address this question, I exploit a scandal concerning the General Services Administration (GSA), an agency that contracts with private vendors to provide supplies and real estate to other agencies. Shortly after Republican losses in 2006, a White House deputy gave a presentation to GSA political appointees identifying potentially vulnerable congressional districts. I find that vendors in prioritized Republican districts experienced unusually large new contract actions from the GSA's Public Buildings Service following the presentation relative to unmentioned districts, a discrepancy that disappeared once the Washington Post broke the story. Contracts supervised by the agency's Federal Acquisition Service, by contrast, were largely unresponsive to the briefing and media scrutiny. My findings suggest that the extent to which executives succeed in politicizing discretionary allocation decisions depends upon key features of the implementing agency's tasks and its informational environment.},
	Author = {Gordon, Sanford C.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055411000438},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gordon - 2011 - Politicizing Agency Spending Authority Lessons from a Bush-era Scandal.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {nov},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {717--734},
	Title = {{Politicizing Agency Spending Authority: Lessons from a Bush-era Scandal}},
	Volume = {105},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000438}}

@article{Ting2012,
	Abstract = {T his article develops a theory of bureaucratic influence on distributive politics. Although there exists a rich literature on the effects of institutions such as presidents, electoral systems, and bicameralism on government spending, the role of professional bureaucrats has yet to receive formal scrutiny. In themodel, legislators bargain over the allocation of distributive benefits across districts.The legislature may either ``politicize'' a program by bargaining directly over pork and bypassing bureaucratic scrutiny, or ``professionalize'' it by letting a bureaucrat approve or reject project funding in each district according to an underlying quality standard. The model predicts that the legislature will professionalize when the expected program quality is high. However, politicization becomes more likely as the number of high-quality projects increases and under divided government. Further,more competent bureaucrats can encourage politicization if the expected program quality is low. Finally, politicized programs are larger than professionalized programs.},
	Author = {Ting, Michael M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000081},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ting - 2012 - Legislatures, Bureaucracies, and Distributive Spending.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {may},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {367--385},
	Title = {{Legislatures, Bureaucracies, and Distributive Spending}},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000081}}

@article{Woon2012,
	Abstract = {Although Congress passes spending bills every year, there is great variation in the amount of time it takes. Drawing from rational models of bargaining, we identify factors that systematically affect the duration of legislative bargaining in the appropriations process. Analysis of spending bills for fiscal years 1977 to 2009 shows that delays are shorter when the ideological distance between pairs of key players decreases and distributive content is higher, but they are longer following an election. We find that congressional parties matter but that intraparty conflict matters as well, which suggests that Appropriations Committees retain significant autonomy in Congress.},
	Author = {Woon, Jonathan and Anderson, Sarah},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1939-9162.2012.00056.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Woon, Anderson - 2012 - Political Bargaining and the Timing of Congressional Appropriations.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {03629805},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Month = {nov},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {409--436},
	Title = {{Political Bargaining and the Timing of Congressional Appropriations}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-9162.2012.00056.x}}

@article{Groseclose2000,
	Abstract = {In a recent paper, Banks (2000), adopting the framework of our model (Groseclose and Snyder 1996), derives several new and noteworthy results. In addition, he provides a counterexample to ourproposition 4. Here we explain the error in our proposition but note that we can correct it easily if we invoke an additional assumption: In equilibrium the winning vote buyer constructs a nonflooded coalition, that is, she does not bribe every member of her coalition. We conclude with a brief discussion of the substantive implications of Banks's proposition 1; we note that it provides additional support for our general claim that minimal winning coalitions should be rare in a vote-buying game.},
	Author = {Groseclose, Tim and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Groseclose, Snyder, Jr. - 2000 - Vote Buying, Supermajorities, and Flooded Coalitions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {683--684},
	Title = {{Vote Buying, Supermajorities, and Flooded Coalitions}},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Poole1991,
	Abstract = {Congressional roll call voting has been highly structured for most of U.S. history. The structure is revealed by a dynamic, spatial analysis of the entire roll call voting record from 1789 to 1985. The space is characterized by a predominant major dimension with, at times, a significant, but less important second dimension. In the modern era, spatial positions are very stable. This stability is such that, under certain conditions, short run forecasting of roll call votes is possible. Since the end of World War II, changes in congressional voting patterns have occurred almost entirely through the process of replacement of retiring or defeated legislators with new members. Politically, selection is far more important than adaptation.},
	Author = {Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Poole, Rosenthal - 1991 - Patterns of Congressional Voting.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {228--278},
	Title = {{Patterns of Congressional Voting}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Poole1987,
	Abstract = {This article proposes stochastic, spatial model of roll-call voting as a benchmark for evaluating more complex models of congressional behavior. On the basis of several evaluative criteria, this model outperforms Weisberg's two-party and three-party models and Hammond and Fraser's random-voting models. Particularly, the spatial model successfully recovers the occurrences of hurrah, party unity, conservative coalition, and Civil War votes as well as the marginal distribution of yea votes. At the same time, the spatial model is parsimonious, requiring that more parameters be estimated than the two- party model does but fewer than the three-party model.},
	Author = {Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Poole, Rosenthal - 1987 - Analysis of Congressional Coalition Patterns A Unidimensional Spatial Model.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {55--75},
	Title = {{Analysis of Congressional Coalition Patterns: A Unidimensional Spatial Model}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{Poole1985,
	Abstract = {A general nonlinear logit model is used to analyze political choice data. The model assumes probabilistic voting based on a spatial utility function. The parameters of the utility function and the spatial coordinates of the choices and the choosers can all be estimated on the basis of observed choices. Ordinary Guttman scaling is a degenerate case of this model. Estimation of the model is implemented in the NOMINATE pro- gram for one dimensional analysis of two alternative choices with no nonvoting. The robustness and face validity of the program outputs are evaluated on the basis of roll call voting data for the U.S. House and Senate.},
	Author = {Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Poole, Rosenthal - 1985 - A Spatial Model for Legislative Roll Call Analysis.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {357--384},
	Title = {{A Spatial Model for Legislative Roll Call Analysis}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Myerson1993,
	Abstract = {A simple model is used to compare, under different electoral systems, the incentives for A candidates to create inequalities among otherwise homogeneous voters, by making campaign promises that favor small groups, rather than appealing equally to all voters. In this game model, each candidate generates offers for voters independently out of a distribution that is chosen by the candidate, subject only to the constraints that offers must be nonnegative and have mean 1. Symmetric equilibria with sincere voting are analyzed for two-candidate elections and for multican- didate elections under rank-scoring rules, approval voting, and single transferable vote. Voting rules that can guarantee representation for minorities in multiseat elections generate, in this model, the most severely unequal campaign promises.},
	Author = {Myerson, Roger B.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Myerson - 1993 - Incentives to Cultivate Favored Minorities Under Alternative Electoral Systems.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {856--869},
	Title = {{Incentives to Cultivate Favored Minorities Under Alternative Electoral Systems}},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Myerson2013,
	Abstract = {This paper offers a short introduction to some of the fundamental results of social choice theory. Topics include Nash implementability, monotonic social choice correspondences, the Muller--Satterthwaite impossibility theorem, anonymous and neutral social choice correspon- dences, sophisticated solutions of binary agendas, the top cycle of a tournament, the bipartisan set for two-party competition, and median voter theorems. The paper begins with a simple example to illus- trate the importance of multiple equilibria in game-theoretic models of political institutions.},
	Author = {Myerson, Roger B.},
	Doi = {10.1561/100.00013006},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Myerson - 2013 - Fundamentals of Social Choice Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15540634},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {jun},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {305--337},
	Title = {{Fundamentals of Social Choice Theory}},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00013006}}

@article{McCarty2000,
	Abstract = {It is often argued that executive powers such as the veto serve to reduce particularistic spending by the legislature. I argue that the effect of the executive veto depends strongly on assumptions about both the nature of executive preferences and the institutional structure of executive-legislative bargaining. To support these claims, I develop a model of distributive policymaking subject to an executive veto. This framework incorporates variation in presidential objectives and formal powers into a dynamic bargaining model. In equilibrium, stronger veto power leads to a lower level of distributive spending, but the effects are mitigated to the extent that the president prefers spending in some districts over others. The model also generates new insights and predictions about fiscal policy under the separation of powers, including the effects of divided government, electoral rules, and term limitations for the executive.},
	Author = {McCarty, Nolan M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McCarty - 2000 - Presidential Pork Executive Veto Power and Distributive Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {117--129},
	Title = {{Presidential Pork: Executive Veto Power and Distributive Politics}},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Levitt1997,
	Abstract = {While it is widely believed by academics, politicians, and the popu- lar press that incumbent members of Congress are rewarded by the electorate for bringing federal dollars to their district, the em- pirical evidence supporting that claim is extremely weak. One ex- planation for the failure to uncover the expected relationship be- tween federal spending and election outcomes is that incumbents who expect to have difficulty being reelected are likely to exert greater effort in obtaining federal outlays. Since it is generally im- possible to adequately measure this effort, the estimated impact of spending is biased downward because of an omitted variable bias. We address this estimation problem using instrumental variables. For each House district, we use spending outside the district but inside the state containing the district as an instrument for spend- ing in the district. Federal spending is affected by a large number of actors (e.g., governors, senators, mayors, and other House mem- bers in the state delegation), leading to positive correlations in federal spending across the House districts within states. However, federal spending outside of a district is unlikely to be strongly cor- related with the strength of that district's electoral challenge. In contrast to previous studies, we find strong evidence that federal spending benefits congressional incumbents: an additional {\$}100 per capita in spending is worth as much as 2 percent of the popular vote. The only category of federal spending that does not appear to yield electoral rewards is direct transfers to individuals.},
	Author = {Levitt, Steven D. and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levitt, Snyder, Jr. - 1997 - The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {30--53},
	Title = {{The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes}},
	Volume = {105},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Lindbeck1993,
	Abstract = {This paper studies political equilibrium in a two-party representative democracy in which the political parties are policy motivated and voters trade off their policy preferences against their `party identity'. It is shown that the parties will in general adopt differing policy positions in equilibrium, and that, under certain qualifications, the winning policy will lie between the more popular party's preferred policy and a certain utilitarian optimum. The winning policy will be closer to this utilitarian optimum the less biased the electorate is in terms of `party identilication'.},
	Author = {Lindbeck, Assar and Weibull, Jorgen W.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lindbeck, Weibull - 1993 - A Model of Political Equilibrium in a Representative Democracy.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Pages = {195--209},
	Title = {{A Model of Political Equilibrium in a Representative Democracy}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Lindbeck1987,
	Abstract = {This paper models balanced-budget redistribution between socio-economic groups as the outcome of electoral competition between two political parties. Equilibrium is unique in the present model, and a sufficient condition for existence is given, requiring that there be enough 'stochastic heterogeneity' with respect to party preferences in the electorate. The validity of Hotelling's 'principle of minimum differentiation', and of 'Director's Law', are examined under alternative hypotheses concerning administrative costs of redistributions, and voter's possibilities both of abstaining from voting and of becoming campaign activists for one of the parties. The policy strategy of expected-plurality maximization is contrasted with the strategy of maximizing the probability of gaining a plurality. Incomes are fixed and known, so lump- sum taxation is feasible. However, constraints on tax/transfer differentiation between indivi- duals are permitted in the analysis.},
	Author = {Lindbeck, Assar and Weibull, Jorgen W.},
	Doi = {10.1007/BF00116710},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lindbeck, Weibull - 1987 - Balanced-budget Redistribution as the Outcome of Political Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {273--297},
	Title = {{Balanced-budget Redistribution as the Outcome of Political Competition}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {1987},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116710}}

@article{Levitt1999,
	Abstract = {States that were represented by very senior Democratic congressmen grew more quickly during the 1953-1990 period than states that were represented by more junior con- gressional delegations. States with a large fraction of politically competitive House districts also grew faster than average. The first finding is consistent with traditional legislator-based models of distributive politics, the second with partisan models. We cannot detect any substan- tively important association between seniority, state political competition, and the geographic distribution of federal funds, so higher district-specific federal spending does not appear to be the source of the link between state economic growth and congressional representation.},
	Author = {Levitt, Steven D. and Poterba, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levitt, Poterba - 1999 - Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {185--216},
	Title = {{Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance}},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Lee2000,
	Abstract = {The Senate's equal representation of states shapes coalition building in distributive politics. The great variation in state population means that some states have far greater need for federal fttnds than others, but all senators have equal voting weight. As a result, even though all senators' votes are of equal value to the coalition builder, they are not of equal 'prwice. " Coalition builders can include benefits for small states at considerably less expense to program budgets than comparable benefits for more populous states. Building on formal models of coalition building, two hypotheses are developed and tested. First, coalition builders will seek out less costly members to build supportive coalitions efficiently. Second, the final outcomes of distributive policy will more closely reflect the preferences of small-state senators than large-state senators. The hypotheses are tested by examining the 1991 and 1997-98 reauthorizations of federal surface transportation programs. The findings support both hypotheses.},
	Author = {Lee, Frances E.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee - 2000 - Senate Representation and Coalition Building in Distributive Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {59--72},
	Title = {{Senate Representation and Coalition Building in Distributive Politics}},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Levitt996,
	Abstract = {This paper develops a methodology for consistently estimating the relative weights in senator utility functions, despite the fact that senator ideologies are unobserved. The empirical results suggest that voter preferences are assigned only one quarter of the weight in senator utility functions. The national "party line" also has some influence, but the senator's own ideology is the primary determinant of roll-call voting patterns. These results cast doubt on the empirical relevance of the median voter theorem. Estimation of the model requires only roll-call voting data, making it widely applicable.},
	Author = {Levitt, Steven D.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levitt - 1996 - How Do Senators Vote Disentangling the Role of Voter Preferences, Party Affiliation, and Senator Ideology.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {425--441},
	Title = {{How Do Senators Vote? Disentangling the Role of Voter Preferences, Party Affiliation, and Senator Ideology}},
	Volume = {86},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{LeBreton2012,
	Abstract = {In this paper,we analyze the equilibrium of a sequential game-theoretical model of lobbying, due to Groseclose and Snyder (Am Polit Sci Rev 90:303--315, 1996), describing a legislature that vote over two alternatives, where two opposing lobbies compete by bidding for legislators' votes. In this model, the lobbyist mov- ing first suffers from a second mover advantage and will make an offer to a panel of legislators only if it deters any credible counter-reaction from his opponent, i.e., if he anticipates to win the battle.This paper departs from the existing literature in assuming that legislators care about the consequence of their votes rather than their votes per se. Our main focus is on the calculation of the smallest budget that the lobby moving first needs to win the game and on the distribution of this budget across the legislators. We study the impact of the key parameters of the game on these two variables and show the connection of this problem with the combinatorics of sets and notions from cooperative game theory.},
	Author = {{Le Breton}, Michel and Sudh{\"{o}}lter, Peter and Zaporozhets, Vera},
	Doi = {10.1007/s00355-012-0660-8},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Le Breton, Sudh{\"{o}}lter, Zaporozhets - 2012 - Sequential Legislative Lobbying.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0176-1714},
	Journal = {Social Choice and Welfare},
	Month = {mar},
	Pages = {491--520},
	Title = {{Sequential Legislative Lobbying}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-012-0660-8}}

@article{Lazarus2010,
	Abstract = {Prior studies search for evidence that distributive spending influences Congress members' vote shares but find limited evidence. The authors argue that Democratic and Republican members each benefit from different types of distributive projects. Democrats benefit from delivering spending projects (what most people think of as "pork") to their constituents, while many Republican members benefit from delivering contingent liabilities (in which the federal treasury underwrites a private entity's financial risk). Empirical tests using data from U.S. House elections between 1984 and 2002 generally confirm these hypotheses, with one exception: only Republicans in relatively conservative districts gain from contingent liabilities. This result is further explored in the text.},
	Author = {Lazarus, Jeffrey and Reilly, Shauna},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lazarus, Reilly - 2010 - The Electoral Benefits of Distributive Spending.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {343--355},
	Title = {{The Electoral Benefits of Distributive Spending}},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Lazarus2009,
	Abstract = {Nearly all studies of pork-barrel politics in the U.S. Congress focus on the House, biasing our conception of how politics influences federal spending and skewing our attention toward factors that are active in the House. This article highlights differences between the Senate and House in how pork is allocated. We identify four important differences between the House and Senate, generate hypotheses regarding how each difference should influence the distribution of pork projects, and test these hypotheses using data from earmarks in the Appropriations bills passed by the two chambers for fiscal year 2008. The results support three of our four hypotheses, suggesting that senators are driven by different motivations than House members.These results imply that theoretical accounts of pork-barrel spending need to account for these interchamber differences. Our findings also highlight how studies of legislative behavior, more generally, need to account for important differences in legislative structure and organization.},
	Author = {Lazarus, Jeffrey and Steigerwalt, Amy},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lazarus, Steigerwalt - 2009 - Different Houses The Distribution of Earmarks in the U.S. House and Senate.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {August},
	Pages = {347--373},
	Title = {{Different Houses: The Distribution of Earmarks in the U.S. House and Senate}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Kovenock2009,
	Abstract = {This paper examines the effect of inefficient redistribution in Myerson's (Ameri- can Political Science Review 87:856-869, 1993) model of redistributive politics. Regardless of the absolute levels of the efficiency of political parties' transfers to different voter seg- ments, parties have incentive to (stochastically) shift resources away from voter segments with large relative efficiency gaps between the two parties' transfers towards voter segments with smaller relative efficiency gaps. Because of this dependence on relative, and not ab- solute, levels of efficiency, the parties' optimal strategies may lead to large discrepancies between the sum of the budgetary transfers and the sum of the effective transfers.},
	Author = {Kovenock, Dan and Roberson, Brian},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kovenock, Roberson - 2009 - Inefficient Redistribution and Inefficient Redistributive Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {black-hole inefficiency,inefficient redistribution,redistributive politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {263--272},
	Title = {{Inefficient Redistribution and Inefficient Redistributive Politics}},
	Volume = {139},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Hird1993,
	Abstract = {Many allege that Superfund is a pork-barrel program that serves self-interested federal legislators. An earlier empirical study found that Superfund cleanup priorities and expenditures were not dictated by congressional committee influence, but rather largely by public interest con- cerns. Despite this apparent denial of classic distributive politics, it is important to recognize that pork also can arise from legislators voting to expand programs when their constituents stand to benefit disproportionately. This study examines important House and Senate votes on Superfund for their correspondence to theories of congressional self-interest and ideology. On the whole, and despite its theoretical appeal as a potentially-classic pork-barrel program, congressional voting on Superfund is found to represent legislator's environmental and liberal ideologies as much as (if not more than) narrowly-defined self-interest. Along with the results of a previous study, this should be taken as evidence that Superfund has not consistently been a typical pork-barrel program, and that its rapid expansion and legislative support must be explained by other factors, including its symbolic environmental appeal.},
	Author = {Hird, John A.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hird - 1993 - Congressional Voting on Superfund Self-Interest or ideology.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {333--357},
	Title = {{Congressional Voting on Superfund: Self-Interest or ideology?}},
	Volume = {77},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Knight2008,
	Abstract = {This article investigates the relationship between representation in legislatures and the geographic distribution of federal funds. In a legislative bargaining model, we demonstrate that funds are concentrated in high representation areas, and two channels underlie this result. The proposal power channel reflects the role of representation in committee assignments, and the vote cost channel reflects the role of representation in coalition formation. In our empirical analysis, we find that small states, relative to large states, receive more funding in the US Senate, relative to the House. We also find empirical support for the two channels underlying this relationship.},
	Author = {Knight, Brian},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02191.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Knight - 2008 - Legislative Representation, Bargaining Power and The Distribution of Federal Funds Evidence From The US Congress.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00130133},
	Journal = {The Economic Journal},
	Month = {oct},
	Number = {532},
	Pages = {1785--1803},
	Title = {{Legislative Representation, Bargaining Power and The Distribution of Federal Funds: Evidence From The US Congress}},
	Volume = {118},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02191.x}}

@article{Knight2005,
	Abstract = {NA},
	Author = {Knight, Brian},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Knight - 2005 - Estimating the value of proposal power.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1639--1652},
	Title = {{Estimating the value of proposal power}},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Hummel2009,
	Abstract = {This paper considers a model in which two opposing lobbyists compete for the votes of legislators, but the precise preferences of the legislators are not known. I show that, in contrast to the normally predicted effect of uncertainty on the formation of supermajori- ties, in the presence of competing lobbyists, increased risk that members of a lobbyist's coalition will not vote for the proposal may decrease the number of legislators a lobbyist includes in her coalition.},
	Author = {Hummel, Patrick},
	Doi = {10.1007/sl},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hummel - 2009 - Buying Supermajorities in a Stochastic Environment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {jel classification d72,lobbying,supermajorities},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {351--369},
	Title = {{Buying Supermajorities in a Stochastic Environment}},
	Volume = {141},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sl}}

@article{Groseclose1996a,
	Abstract = {This paper examines the strategies that "horse traders" and "power brokers" adopt in trading favors to pass legislation. Although the favors that they trade are generally impossible to observe, the paper develops a model that allows tests of favor trading. With data from the Senate vote on the Byrd Amendment to the 2990 Clean Air Act I conduct such a test. The test provides evidence that on this vote (i) favor trading occurred, (ii) the coalition leaders practiced price discrimination, and (iii) the coalition leaders did not collude with each another.},
	Author = {Groseclose, Tim},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Groseclose - 1996 - An Examination of the Market for Favors and Votes in Congress.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Economic Inquiry},
	Number = {April},
	Pages = {320--340},
	Title = {{An Examination of the Market for Favors and Votes in Congress}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Gul2000,
	Abstract = {Two parties choose redistricting plans to maximize their probability of winning a majority in the House of Representatives. In the unique equilibrium, parties maximally segregate their opponents9 supporters but pool their own supporters into uniform districts. Ceteris paribus, the stronger party segregates more than the weaker one, and the election outcome is biased in the stronger party's favor and against the party whose supporters are easier to identify. We incorporate policy choice into our redistricting game and find that when one party controls redistricting, the equilibrium policy is biased towards the preferences of the redistricting party 's supporters.},
	Author = {Gul, Faruk and Pesendorfer, Wolfgang},
	Doi = {10.1126/science.151.3712.867-a},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gul, Pesendorfer - 2000 - Strategic Redistricting.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0036-8075},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Month = {feb},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1616--1641},
	Pmid = {17746758},
	Title = {{Strategic Redistricting}},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.151.3712.867-a}}

@article{Hird1991,
	Abstract = {In previous studies of distributive politics scholars have investigated legislative influence without accounting for the policies' independent merits. As a result, they have failed to include a plausible explanation of the counterfactual (i.e., which projects would have been funded in the absence of congressional committee influence), which has led to invalid inferences regarding legislative influence. The model of distributive politics is reformulated to account for an assumed efficient and/or equitable project allocation in the absence of legislative influence. Using data from proposed Army Corps of Engineers' projects and the funding recommendations of three institutions, the findings indicate that pork barrel politics indeed exists and imposes significant efficiency costs but that both equity and economic efficiency play prominent roles in the decision-making process as well. Cost-benefit analysis is seen to play a constructive role by improving the efficiency of project choice; and the corps's cost-benefit analysis guidelines are beneficial from the agency's organizational perspective, as well.},
	Author = {Hird, John A.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hird - 1991 - The Political Economy of Pork Project Selection at the US Army Corps of Engineers.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {429--456},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of Pork: Project Selection at the US Army Corps of Engineers}},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Gordon2010,
	Abstract = {I exploit a 2007 scandal concerning the General Services Administration (GSA) to examine whether executives can alter the bureaucratic allocation of government expenditures for electoral purposes. The GSA contracts with private vendors to provide supplies to, and acquire and maintain buildings for, other agencies. Shortly after Republican electoral losses in 2006, a White House Deputy gave a presentation to GSA political appointees identifying potentially vulnerable congressional districts. I find that vendors in mentioned Republican districts experienced unusually high contract expendi- tures from the GSA's Public Buildings Service following the presentation relative to unmentioned districts. This discrepancy diminished following media coverage of the scandal. I find no effect of either the presentation or media coverage on contracts signed by the agency's Federal Supply Service. Differences between the two branches suggest the extent to which the nature of an agency's tasks and constraints on its discretion can mitigate executive efforts to politicize.},
	Author = {Gordon, Sanford C.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gordon - 2010 - Executive Control vs. Bureaucratic Insulation Evidence from Federal Contracting.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {unpublished},
	Title = {{Executive Control vs. Bureaucratic Insulation: Evidence from Federal Contracting}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Fowler2012,
	Abstract = {We propose a new roll call scaling method based on OLS which is easy to implement and understand and produces directly interpretable estimates. This measure, called Conservative Vote Probability (CVP), indicates the probability that an individual legislator votes ``conservatively'' relative to the median legislator. CVP is a flexible non-parametric statistical technique that requires few assumptions but still produces legislator scalings that correlate with previous roll call methods at extremely high levels. In this paper we present the method along with applied examples to highlight its applicability and ease of use.},
	Author = {Fowler, Anthony and Hall, Andrew},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fowler, Hall - 2012 - Conservative Vote Probabilities An Easier Method for the Analysis of Roll Call Data.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {unpublished - Available at SSRN 2120720},
	Title = {{Conservative Vote Probabilities: An Easier Method for the Analysis of Roll Call Data}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{FennoJr1977,
	Abstract = {NA},
	Author = {{Fenno, Jr}, Richard F},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fenno, Jr - 1977 - US House Members in Their Constituencies An Exploration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {883--917},
	Title = {{US House Members in Their Constituencies: An Exploration}},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{Ferejohn1987,
	Abstract = {The new congressional budget process provides- members of Congress with a new set of institutional mechanisms for making budget decisions. This article addresses the ques- tion of whether or under what conditions rigid application of the new budget process (modeled as, first, selection of the size of the budget and, second, its division) produces smaller budgets than a piecemeal appropriations process in which the size of the budget is determined residually. The theoretical result is that the new process sometimes results in relatively large budgets. A testable implication of the theory is that given a choice of how stringently the budget process is to be employed, members of Congress jointly consider preferences and the expected outcomes under available institutional arrangements and select the arrangement (usually a rule) that yields the most favorable outcome. Empirical results from the budget process in the House from 1980 to 1983 are generally supportive of the theoretically derived hypothesis of rational choice of institutional arrangements.},
	Author = {Ferejohn, John A. and Krehbiel, Keith},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ferejohn, Krehbiel - 1987 - The Budget Process and the Size of the Budget.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {296--320},
	Title = {{The Budget Process and the Size of the Budget}},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{Evans2005,
	Abstract = {NA},
	Author = {Evans, Tom A.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Evans - 2005 - The Impact of Representation per Capita on the Distribution of Federal Spending and Income Taxes.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Canadian Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {263--285},
	Title = {{The Impact of Representation per Capita on the Distribution of Federal Spending and Income Taxes}},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Dixit1996,
	Abstract = {We examine what determines whether an interest group will receive favors in pork-barrel politics, using a model of majority voting with two competing parties. Each group's membership is heteroge- neous in its ideological affinity for the parties. Individuals face a trade-off between party affinity and their own transfer receipts. The model is general enough to yield two often-discussed but competing theories as special cases. If the parties are equally effective in delivering transfers to any group, then the outcome of the process conforms to the "swing voter" theory: both parties woo the groups that are politically central, and most willing to switch their votes in response to economic favors. If groups have party affinities, and each party is more effective in delivering favors to its own support group, then we can get the "machine pol- itics" outcome, where each party favors its core support group. We derive these results theoretically, and illustrate their operation in particular examples.},
	Author = {Dixit, Avinash and Londregan, John},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dixit, Londregan - 1996 - The determinants of success of special interests in redistributive politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1132--1155},
	Title = {{The determinants of success of special interests in redistributive politics}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Erikson1980,
	Abstract = {This paper examines two aspects of congressional representation: the responsiveness of House candidates to constituency opinion and the effect of candidate positions on House election outcomes. For both Democratic- and Republican-held seats, consti- tuency liberalism (as measured by the constituency's vote for McGovern in 1972) is strongly related to the liberalism of incumbent candidates but less so to the liberalism of challengers. House election outcomes are visibly influenced by the positions of incumbent candidates but not those of nonincumbent candidates. The paper argues that elections contribute significantly to achieving congressional representation. Candidate positions are measured from a 1974 CBS survey of all major House candi- dates.},
	Author = {Erikson, Robert S. and {Wright, Jr}, Gerald C.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Erikson, Wright, Jr - 1980 - Policy Representation of Constituency Interests.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Political Behavior},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {91--106},
	Title = {{Policy Representation of Constituency Interests}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1980}}

@article{DalBo2007,
	Abstract = {We present a model of influence over collective decisions made through voting. We show how an outside party offering incentives to a committee can manipulate the committee's decisions at no cost and induce inefficient outcomes. A key condition is that the outsider be able to reward decisive votes differently. Inefficiency from results voting externalities. We relax all initial assumptions to investigate how to insulate committees. We study different information settings, credibility assumptions, payoff structures (voters caring about the collective decision and about their own votes), and incentive schemes (offers contingent on pivotal votes, individual votes, vote shares, and the collective decision). We analyze when voting should be made secret; we elucidate role the of individual accountability and various political institutions in preventing buying. vote We discuss implications for lobbying, for clientelism, for decisions in legislatures, boards, and central banks, and for the efficiency of democracy.},
	Author = {{Dal Bo}, Ernesto},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dal Bo - 2007 - Bribing voters.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {789--803},
	Title = {{Bribing voters}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Denzau1985,
	Abstract = {This article is aimed at integrating two kinds of analysis of legislators' calculations of advantage. We assume that legislators operate in two arenas, in the legislative arena itself, where their calcula- tions of advantage concern simply their effectiveness in voting (Farquharson), and in the electoral arena, where their calculations concern the rewards for their position-taking as well as their effective- ness (Fenno). Our analysis is introduced by an interpretation of voting on the Powell amendment, 1956, when some legislators apparently voted strategically and others, equally able to do so, still did not. We then develop an expected utility model of voting that accounts for such divergent choices in terms of legislators' individual beliefs about the distribution of opinions in the legislature (Far- quharson) and in their constituencies (Fenno). We conclude with an analysis of the Nash equilibria of choices to vote strategically or nonstrategically.},
	Author = {Denzau, Arthur and Riker, William and Shepsle, Kenneth},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Denzau, Riker, Shepsle - 1985 - Farquharson and Fenno Sophisticated Voting and Home Style.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1117--1134},
	Title = {{Farquharson and Fenno: Sophisticated Voting and Home Style}},
	Volume = {79},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Dixit1995,
	Abstract = {The political process often compensates the losers from technical change or international competition in an economically inefficient way, namely by subsidizing or protecting declining industries instead of encouraging the movement of resources to other more productive uses. Wefind that a dynamic inconsistency in the game of redistributive politics contributes to this outcome. To achieve economically efficient outcomes, it is necessary that those making economically inefficient choices not be given offsetting transfers. But the political process distributes income on the basis of political characteristics, which are in general different from the economic characteristics that are rewarded by the market. We identify circumstances in which the inefficient choosers have desirable political characteristics and are therefore immune from threats of having to face the economic conse- quences of their choices.},
	Author = {Dixit, Avinash and Londregan, John},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dixit, Londregan - 1995 - Redistributive Politics and Economic Efficiency.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {856--866},
	Title = {{Redistributive Politics and Economic Efficiency}},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Cox,
	Abstract = {In this paper, I review the literature on how political parties target distributive benefits. Extant models focus solely on persuasion (defined as an attempt to change voters' preferences between given alternatives). Once one brings coordination (defined as an attempt to affect the number and character of alternatives from which voters choose) and mobilization (defined as an attempt to affect whether citizens participate in the election at all) into analytic view, the argument that vote-maximizing parties should focus their distributive benefits on core voters is substantially strengthened. Extant models also sometimes fail to explicitly recognize that parties are interested in votes not just in the electoral arena (to win seats) but also in the legislative arena (to pass bills). Thus, parties may engage in ``electoral targeting'' (distributing benefits to optimize electoral outcomes), ``legislative targeting'' (distributing benefits to optimize legislative outcomes), or a mixture of the two.},
	Author = {Cox, Gary W.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cox - Unknown - Swing voters, core voters and distributive politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {unpublished},
	Title = {{Swing voters, core voters and distributive politics}}}

@article{Coate2007,
	Abstract = {This paper investigates the problem of optimal districting in the context of a simple model of legislative elections. In the model, districting matters because it determines the seat-vote curve, which describes the relationship between seats and votes. The paper first characterizes the optimal seat-vote curve and shows that, under a weak there exist districtings that generate this ideal condition, relationship. The paper then develops an empirical methodology for computing seat-vote curves and measuring the welfare gains from implementing optimal districting. This is applied to analyze the districting plans used to elect US. state legislators during the 1990s.},
	Author = {Coate, Stephen and Knight, Brian},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coate, Knight - 2007 - Socially Optimal Districting A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1409--1471},
	Title = {{Socially Optimal Districting: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration}},
	Volume = {122},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Cox1986,
	Abstract = {Spatial models of electoral competition typically simplify the analysis by ignoring the question of internal constituency politics: constituencies are modeled simply as a distribution of ideal points along a set of issue dimensions. Matters related to the stability of divergent electoral coalitions have rarely been addressed. We explicitly take into account how differential rates of support by various groups in a constituency will influence candidates' campaign promises and the likelihood that stable electoral coalitions will be forged. Viewing campaign platforms as promised redistributions of welfare, we argue that the optimal strategy for risk-averse candidates will be to promise redistributions first and foremost to their reelection constituency and thereby to maintain existing political coalitions. We use evidence from the urban services literature to support our propositions.},
	Author = {Cox, Gary W. and McCubbins, Matthew D.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cox, McCubbins - 1986 - Electoral Politics as a Redistributive Game.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {370--389},
	Title = {{Electoral Politics as a Redistributive Game}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {1986}}

@article{Clinton2003,
	Abstract = {Scholars of legislative studies typically use ideal point estimates from scaling procedures to test theories of legislative politics. We contend that theory and methods may be better in tegrated by directly incorporating maintained and to be tested hypotheses in the statistical model used to estimate legislator preferences. In this view of theory and estimation, formal modeling (1) provides auxiliary assumptions that serve as constraints in the estimation process, and (2) generates testable predictions. The estimation and hypothesis testing procedure uses roll call data to evaluate the validity of theoretically derived to be tested in a world where maintained hypotheses hypotheses are presumed true. We articulate the approach using the language of statistical inference (both frequentist and Bayesian). The is demonstrated Powell amendment to the federal approach in analyses of the well-studied aid-to-education bill in the 84th House and the Compromise of 1790 in the 1 st House.},
	Author = {Clinton, Joshua D. and Meirowitz, Adam},
	Doi = {10.1093/pan/mpg023},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Clinton, Meirowitz - 2003 - Integrating Voting Theory and Roll Call Analysis A Framework.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1047-1987},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Month = {nov},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {381--396},
	Title = {{Integrating Voting Theory and Roll Call Analysis: A Framework}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpg023}}

@article{Cann2011,
	Abstract = {Many works acknowledge partisan differences in distributive benefits. Few works, however, have empirically examined the role party-building activities play in these distributions. Through Exchange Theory, we hypothesize that legislators are rewarded with distributive benefits for promoting the legislative and electoral goals of the party. Using data on party unity, member-to-member contributions, and distributive benefits, we observe these exchange relationships occurring between members and their parties in the House of Representatives, as well as directly between representatives and members of the Appropriations Committee. The analyses point to the importance of political parties in distributive politics.},
	Author = {Cann, Damon M. and Sidman, Andrew H.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611000818},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cann, Sidman - 2011 - Exchange Theory, Political Parties, and the Allocation of Federal Distributive Benefits in the House of Representa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = {aug},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1128--1141},
	Title = {{Exchange Theory, Political Parties, and the Allocation of Federal Distributive Benefits in the House of Representatives}},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611000818}}

@article{Cann2008,
	Abstract = {For many years, committee chairs have been selected on the basis of seniority. Recent work has suggested that alternative factors, specifically financial support of party goals and party unity, have diminished the importance of seniority in committee chair selection. However, previous work has either failed to quantify these effects or has done so with inappropriate methods. This paper argues for the use of a Bayesian conditional logit estimator to correctly model committee chair selection in the U.S. House of Representatives. Results show a de clining commitment to seniority throughout the Republican era and support the importance of fundraising as a determinant of committee chair selection. This paper shows that two other factors, financial support of party goals and party unity, have essentially replaced seniority as the central criteria for selecting committee chairs.},
	Author = {Cann, Damon M.},
	Doi = {10.1093/pan/mpm036},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cann - 2008 - Modeling Committee Chair Selection in the U.S. House of Representatives.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1047-1987},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Month = {feb},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {274--289},
	Title = {{Modeling Committee Chair Selection in the U.S. House of Representatives}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpm036}}

@article{Bickers2004,
	Abstract = {Much of the research on the distribution of federal assistance focuses on the activities of members of Congress. Yet it has been long understood that seeking and receiving federal aid programs by state and local governments is a costly activity. What is not understood nor carefully studied is how local jurisdictions attempt to "work" the federal aid system to obtain increased federal funding. To inves- tigate this question, we draw upon theories of collective action among governmental jurisdictions within metropolitan areas to explain both the quantity and quality of participation in the federal aid system. We focus on four questions: (1) To what extent is governmental fragmentation and inter- jurisdictional collaboration among governmental jurisdictions within metropolitan areas positively related to the ability of local actors to secure new federal grant awards? (2) To what extent do con- gressional delegations that represent voters within metropolitan areas influence the flow of grant awards to those areas? (3) To what extent are the efforts of congressional delegations to secure new grants conditional on partisan factors, both nationally and at the local level? (4) Do the effects of cooperative grant seeking endeavors vary across different types of grant programs? The single most important finding is that interlocal cooperation and governmental structure within metropolitan areas matter significantly in the distribution of federal assistance.},
	Author = {Bickers, Kenneth N. and Stein, Robert M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bickers, Stein - 2004 - Interlocal Cooperation and the Distribution of Federal Grant Awards.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {800--822},
	Title = {{Interlocal Cooperation and the Distribution of Federal Grant Awards}},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Bickers2000,
	Abstract = {In this article, we ask what the pattern of distributive spending has been during the 1 04th Congress, in which Republicans have been in the majority, compared to the preceding Congress when Dem- ocrats were the majority party. We seek to understand the patterns of change in light of four alter- native explanations of distributive spending. The changes in the content and recipients of federal domestic outlays between the 103rd and 104t' Congresses are suggestive of a partisan influence. Republican control of Congress does not appear to have significantly altered the politics of domes- tic spending. However, Republican control has influenced the content of domestic public policy. The House under Republican control produced significantly more contingent liability obligations than the 103rd Congress programs that are ideologically and politically compatible with the inter- ests of Republican representatives. Evidence suggests that Republican control has produced a par- tial shift in the interests that are rewarded by federal spending.},
	Author = {Bickers, Kenneth N. and Stein, Robert M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bickers, Stein - 2000 - The Congressional Pork Barrel in a Republican Era.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1070--1086},
	Title = {{The Congressional Pork Barrel in a Republican Era}},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Bertelli2009,
	Abstract = {Scholars have focused attention toward congressional influence over distributive grant allocations, but they have less frequently examined the extent to which administrative agencies play a role in that process. We present a new theory of ideology-contingent executive decision making within a multiple-principals framework to explain the geographic distribution of policy benefits. Our theory is novel in that it locates interbranch ideological conflict and confluence at the center of bureaus' allocational strategies. Discretionary Department of Labor (DOL) grants and Department of Defense (DOD) contracts from 1991 to 2002 are examined to provide evidence that agencies deliver more grants to senators with proximate ideologies. To measure bureaucratic ideology, we generate comparable ideology estimates for cabinet secretaries, presidents, and members of the U.S. Senate via an item-response model. Our findings suggest that ideological congruence between senators and DOL or DOD is associated with significantly larger amounts of grants or contracts, respectively. These findings are important as they recast our understanding of distributive politics into ideological terms.},
	Author = {Bertelli, Anthony M. and Grose, Christian R.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002238160909080X},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bertelli, Grose - 2009 - Secretaries of Pork A New Theory of Distributive Public Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = {jul},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {926--945},
	Title = {{Secretaries of Pork? A New Theory of Distributive Public Policy}},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002238160909080X}}

@article{Bickers1996,
	Abstract = {Theory: This paper articulates a model of distributive policy activity that links decreases in the flow of distributive policy benefits to House districts to an in- creased likelihood that quality challengers will oppose incumbents in primary and/ or general elections. Hypotheses: Do electorally vulnerable legislators seek to increase the flow of new awards early in the subsequent electoral cycle in order to help overcome their vul- nerability? Do heightened levels of new awards reduce the probability incum- that bent legislators will face quality challengers in upcoming primary or general elec- tions? Methods: Congressional district-level data on new awards, where the time from application to final award was less than four months, are regressed on electoral margins, open-seat status, and political action committee campaign contributions for the 100th and 101st Congresses. Results: The flow of new awards early in a Congressional term is higher in districts where the incumbent was elected in an open seat race and when the open seat incumbent was elected by a narrow margin. This is especially true of programs in the Small Business Administration provide that loans and loan guarantees to small businesses. While only a minority of incumbents typically face quality challengers, high levels of new awards early in the Congressional term reduce the likelihood that incumbents will face quality challengers in the subsequent primary or general election. Increases in the number of discretionary awards going to recipients other than small businesses tend to be more useful in fending off quality challengers than loans and loan guarantees from the Small Business Administration.},
	Author = {Bickers, Kenneth N. and Stein, Robert M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bickers, Stein - 1996 - The electoral dynamics of the federal pork barrel.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1300--1326},
	Title = {{The electoral dynamics of the federal pork barrel}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Bickers1997,
	Abstract = {This paper poses a deceptively simple question. It asks, how can a program or group of programs that provides distributive benefits to recipients in a minority of legislative districts be passed by a majority of a legislative body? The answer in the existing body of work on distributive policymaking would suggest that supporters of narrowly focused programs are able to ensure passage of their pet projects by logrolling with other legislators. We argue that logrolling is not always necessary to produce majority support for narrowly focused programs. The paper considers three institutional mechanisms for building majority support for sub-majority benefit distributions: political parties, interest groups, and administrative agencies. The conditions that would be required for each mechanism to be employed are outlined. Descriptive data from the 100th Congress are employed to reflect on the relative plausibility of each of the mechanisms with respect to the question of how a program that provides distributive benefits to recipients in a minority of legislative districts can be passed by a majority of a legislative body. We reject the first mechanism - the party-based explanation - on the grounds that it is empirically implausible, at least in the American case. The other two we argue are empirically plausible under certain conditions.},
	Author = {Bickers, Kenneth N. and Stein, Robert M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bickers, Stein - 1997 - Building Majority Coalitions for Sub-Majority Benefit Distributions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {229--249},
	Title = {{Building Majority Coalitions for Sub-Majority Benefit Distributions}},
	Volume = {91},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Balla2002,
	Abstract = {Recent research has uncovered a majority party advantage in the allo- cation of federal resources, a relation? ship seemingly at odds with the bi- partisan support often enjoyed by distributive policies and pragrams. We reconcile this disjuncture by de- veloping a partisan blame avoidance account of the distribution of legisla? tive pork. According to this account, the majority party inoculates itself against minority party charges of wasteful spending by including the minority in pork barrel coalitions. At the same time, the majority party, mindful of the electoral benefits of bringing home the bacon, reserves the most valuable awards for its members. We assess this account by examining the awarding of appropria- tions earmarks to institutions of higher education between 1995 and 2000. The partisan blame avoidance ac- count is supported.},
	Author = {Balla, Steven J. and Lawrence, Eric D. and Maltzman, Forrest and Spigelman, Lee},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Balla et al. - 2002 - Partisanship, Blame Avoidance, and the Distribution of Legislative Pork.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {515--525},
	Title = {{Partisanship, Blame Avoidance, and the Distribution of Legislative Pork}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Ansolabehere2006,
	Abstract = {This paper examines the effects of party control of state governments on the distribution of intergovernmental transfers across counties from 1957 to 1997. We find that the governing parties skew the distribution of funds in favor of areas that provide them with the strongest electoral support. This is borne out in two ways. (i) Counties that traditionally give the highest vote share to the governing party receive larger shares of state transfers to local governments. (ii) When control of the state government changes, the distribution of funds shifts in the direction of the new governing party. We find only weak evidence that parties reward electorally pivotal counties or counties in electorally pivotal legislative districts. Finally, we find that increased spending in a county increases voter turnout in subsequent elections. This suggests that parties have an electoral incentive to skew the distribution of funds to influence future election results, and the mechanism through which this works is "mobilization" rather than "conversion" of voters in a fixed electorate.},
	Author = {Ansolabehere, Stephen and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9442.2006.00470.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ansolabehere, Snyder, Jr. - 2006 - Party Control of State Government and the Distribution of Public Expenditures.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0347-0520},
	Journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Economics},
	Month = {dec},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {547--569},
	Title = {{Party Control of State Government and the Distribution of Public Expenditures}},
	Volume = {108},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2006.00470.x}}

@article{Alvarez1997a,
	Abstract = {In this study, we examine the extent to which legislators receive elec- toral benefits from altering the geographic distribution of federal outlays. Although there are both theoretical and anecdotal reasons to believe in the existence of such benefits, previous empirical work has largely failed to verify the connection between pork barreling and reelection. We ex- amine House incumbents during the 1980s, when budget deficits were allegedly forcing legislators to end the acquisition of distributive benefits, and we discover that legislators did in fact reap electoral benefits from pork barreling in the 1980s. We further discover that there is a sharp partisan difference in the marginal effects of federal outlays: additional federal monies strongly affect Democratic reelection margins but barely impact the electoral fortunes of Republicans. This conclusion has impor- tant implications for current debates about Congress, divided govern- ment, and the recent Republican takeover of Congress.},
	Author = {Alvarez, R. Michael and Saving, Jason L.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alvarez, Saving - 1997 - Deficits, Democrats, and Distributive Benefits Congressional Elections and the Pork Barrel in the 1980s.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {809--831},
	Title = {{Deficits, Democrats, and Distributive Benefits: Congressional Elections and the Pork Barrel in the 1980s}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Alvarez1997,
	Abstract = {The literature on the organization of the United States Congress has been dominated by "distributive" and "informational" theory. One important source of disagreement between these two theories is their characterization of whether individual legislators can engage in pork-barrel activities. Here we provide evidence which indicates that the pork-barrel is alive and well in the contemporary United States Congress. We focus on whether members of power and constituency committees can direct disproportionate federal expenditures to their dis- tricts. Finding strong and systematic evidence of pork-barrel activities by committee members provides empirical support for distributive theories of legislative organization.},
	Author = {Alvarez, R. Michael and Saving, Jason L.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alvarez, Saving - 1997 - Congressional Committees and the Political Economy of Federal Outlays.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {55--73},
	Title = {{Congressional Committees and the Political Economy of Federal Outlays}},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Alesina1994,
	Abstract = {We study the relationship between politics and economic growth in a simple model of endogenous growth with distributive conflict among agents endowed with varying capital/labor shares. We establish several results regarding the factor ownership of the median individual and the level of taxation, redistribution, and growth. Policies that maximize growth are optimal only for a government that cares solely about pure "capitalists." The greater the inequality of wealth and income, the higher the rate of taxation, and the lower growth. We present empirical results that show that inequality in land and income ownership is negatively correlated with subsequent economic growth.},
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and Rodrik, Dani},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alesina, Rodrik - 1994 - Distributive Politics and Economic Growth.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {465--490},
	Title = {{Distributive Politics and Economic Growth}},
	Volume = {109},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Stein1994,
	Abstract = {It is an enduring belief in American politics that legislators who "bring home the bacon" are re- warded for their efforts at the ballot box. Most researchers, however, have been unsuccessful in cor- roborating empirically a relationship between allocations to member districts and reelection margins. Previous research may have failed to detect a relationship due to misconceptualization, misspecified empirical tests, or both. We argue that not all legislators have the same incentives to utilize pork-barrel strategies to enhance their electoral margins. Furthermore the extent to which voters are influenced by the provision of distributive benefits is likely to depend on the attentiveness of voters to politics, their interest group affiliations, and their sources of political information. In short, both the predisposition to engage in pork-barrel strategies and their effects are likely to be conditional. Hypotheses derived from this respecification of the electoral connection thesis are tested with a data base that combines in- formation on domestic assistance awards to congressional districts, information about members of Congress, and the political knowledge and group affiliations of individual voters. We find that only some incumbents, namely those who are most vulnerable, are likely to seek increases in new awards. Certain constituents, those who are politically attentive members or interest groups are most likely to be aware of new awards to the district and to more favorably evaluate the incumbent as a result. Most members of general public remain indifferent to alterations in the flow of new awards.},
	Author = {Stein, Robert M. and Bickers, Kenneth N.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stein, Bickers - 1994 - Congressional Elections and the Pork Barrel.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {377--399},
	Title = {{Congressional Elections and the Pork Barrel}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Tullock1982,
	Author = {Tullock, Gordon},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tullock - 1982 - The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs A Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics--Comment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {824--826},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs: A Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics--Comment}},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1982}}

@article{Weingast1981,
	Abstract = {This essay offers a rational political explanation for the notorious inefficiency of pork barrel projects with an optimization model of legislative behavior and legislative institutions. The model em- phasizes the (economically arbitrary, from a welfare point of view) importance of the geographic incidence of benefits and costs owing to the geographic basis for political representation. We explore the implications of a legislator's objective function and derive conditions under which a representative legislature will select an omnibus of projects each of which exceeds the efficient scale.},
	Author = {Weingast, Barry R. and Shepsle, Kenneth A. and Johnsen, Christopher},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weingast, Shepsle, Johnsen - 1981 - The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs A Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {642--664},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs: A Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics}},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {1981}}

@article{SnyderJr2003,
	Abstract = {We develop a model of legislative policymaking in which individual legislators are con cerned with both policy and reelection. Legislators' preferences are private information, and they have two means of communicating their preferences to voters. First, they each have a "party label" that credibly identifies an interval within which their ideal points must lie. Second, their roll call votes may convey additional information about their preferences. Each legislator must therefore tailor his or her votes to his or her district in order to fore stall a reelection challenge from the opposing party. In equilibrium, nonsincere voting records will occur mostly in moderate districts, where extreme incumbents are vulnera ble to challenges from relatively centrist candidates. In those districts, the most extreme legislators may even choose to vote sincerely and retire rather than compile a moderate voting record. Thus, both roll call scores and candidate types will be responsive to district type. An empirical test of shifts in roll call scores of retiring House members in moderate districts confirms these findings.},
	Author = {{Snyder, Jr.}, James M. and Ting, Michael M.},
	Doi = {10.1093/pan/mpg025},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Snyder, Jr., Ting - 2003 - Roll Calls, Party Labels, and Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1047-1987},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Month = {nov},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {419--444},
	Title = {{Roll Calls, Party Labels, and Elections}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpg025}}

@article{SnyderJr1991,
	Abstract = {This paper analyzes a simple spatial voting model that includes lobbyists who are able to buy votes on bills to change the status quo. The key results are: (i) if lobbyists can discriminate across legislators when buying votes, then they will pay the largest bribes to legislators who are slightly opposed to the proposed change, rather than to legislators who strongly support or strongly oppose the change; (ii) equilibrium policies exist, and with quadratic preferences these equilibria always lie between the average of the lobbyists' ideal points and the median of the legislators' ideal points; and (iii) ``moderate'' lobbyists, whose positions on a policy issue are close to the median of the legislators' ideal points, will prefer the issue to be salient, while more extreme lobbyists will generally prefer the issue to be obscure.},
	Author = {{Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-0343.1991.tb00041.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Snyder, Jr. - 1991 - On Buying Legislatures.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0954-1985},
	Journal = {Economics and Politics},
	Month = {jul},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {93--109},
	Title = {{On Buying Legislatures}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1991},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1991.tb00041.x}}

@article{Shepsle2009,
	Abstract = {We consider the consequences of the Senate electoral cycle and bicameralism for distributive politics, introducing the concept of contested credit claiming, i.e., that members of a state's House and Senate delegations must share the credit for appropriations that originate in their chamber with delegation members in the other chamber. Using data that isolate appropriations of each chamber, we test a model of the strategic incentives contested credit claiming creates. Our empirical analysis indicates that the Senate electoral cycle induces a back-loading of benefits to the end of senatorial terms, but that the House blunts this tendency with countercyclical appropriations. Our analysis informs our understanding of appropriations earmarking and points a way forward in studying the larger consequences of bicameral legislatures.},
	Author = {Shepsle, Kenneth A. and {Van Houweling}, Robert P. and Abrams, Samuel J. and Hanson, Peter C.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Shepsle et al. - 2009 - The Senate Electoral Cycle and Bicameral Appropriations Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {343--359},
	Title = {{The Senate Electoral Cycle and Bicameral Appropriations Politics}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Shepsle1981,
	Abstract = {This paper provides a rational explanation for the observation of oversized coalitions, often approaching unanimous size, in the realm of distributive policies. Distributive policies are those which concentrate benefits in specific geographic areas (states, congressional dis- tricts) while spreading costs through general taxation. The explanation offered here-that legislators may rationally prefer universalism to "hard-ball" coalition politics-generalizes earlier work of Weingast and Fiorina. In particular, it extends their results to pork-barrel poli- tics, i.e., projects that are economically inefficient, and demonstrates how packages of eco- nomically inefficient projects can nevertheless be politically popular. The main theoretical fea- ture that induces preferences for universalism is uncertainty over the composition of winning coalitions and, consequently, the desire for the political "insurance" that universalism provides.},
	Author = {Shepsle, Kenneth A. and Weingast, Barry R.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Shepsle, Weingast - 1981 - Political Preferences for the Pork Barrel A Generalization.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {96--111},
	Title = {{Political Preferences for the Pork Barrel: A Generalization}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {1981}}

@article{Rudolph2005,
	Abstract = {This article analyzes the relationship between political trust, ideology, and public support for government spending. We argue that the political trust heuristic is activated when individuals are asked to sacrifice ideological as well as material interests. Aggregate- and individual-level analysis shows that the effects ofpolitical trust on support for government spending are moderated by ideology. Consistent with the unbalanced ideological costs imposed by requests for increased government spending, we find that the effects of political trust are significantly more pronounced among conservatives than among liberals. The analysis further demonstrates that ideology conditions the effects of political trust on attitudes toward both distributive and redistributive spending. Our findings suggest that political trust has policy consequences across a much broader range of policy issues than previously thought.},
	Author = {Rudolph, Thomas J. and Evans, Jillian},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rudolph, Evans - 2005 - Political Trust, Ideology, and Public Support for Government Spending.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {660--671},
	Title = {{Political Trust, Ideology, and Public Support for Government Spending}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Roberson2006,
	Abstract = {In the Colonel Blotto game, two players simultaneously distribute forces across n battlefields. Within each battlefield, the player that allocates the higher level of force wins. The payoff of the game is the proportion of wins on the indi vidual battlefields. An equilibrium of the Colonel Blotto game is a pair of rc-var?ate distributions. This paper characterizes the unique equilibrium payoffs for all (sym metric and asymmetric) configurations of the players' aggregate levels of force, characterizes the complete set of equilibrium univariate marginal distributions for most of these configurations, and constructs entirely new and novel equilibrium rc-variate distributions.},
	Author = {Roberson, Brian},
	Doi = {10.1007/sOO},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Roberson - 2006 - The Colonel Blotto Game.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Economic Theory},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--24},
	Title = {{The Colonel Blotto Game}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/sOO}}

@article{Sellers1997,
	Abstract = {Theory: Conventional wisdom holds that legislators win votes by acquiring federal spending for constituents. Scholars have struggled, however, to support this belief empirically. This paper links federal district spending and pork with an explanation based on consistency: electoral performance hinges on legislators' fiscal consis- tency, i.e., whether their votes on federal spending are consistent with their credit claiming for pork flowing to their districts. Hypotheses: In districts receiving substantial pork, fiscally liberal incumbents per- form better electorally than fiscal conservatives. In low-pork districts fiscal conser- vatives perform better. Methods: These hypotheses are tested using aggregate-level data from the 1984- 90 United States House elections and individual-level data from the 1988 Senate Election Study. Results: The hypotheses are supported on the aggregate and individual levels. Fis- cally consistent legislators receive more votes than fiscally inconsistent legislators.},
	Author = {Sellers, Patrick J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sellers - 1997 - Fiscal Consistency and Federal District Spending in Congressional Elections.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {1024--1041},
	Title = {{Fiscal Consistency and Federal District Spending in Congressional Elections}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Roberson2008,
	Abstract = {This article utilizes a simple model of redistributive politics with jurisdictional specific local projects to analyze the inefficiencies that arise under differing levels of targetability in both taxes/transfers and local projects. The ability to tactically target taxes/transfers and/or local projects leads political parties to engage in pandering to favored groups. However, in equilib- rium, we find that greater targetability in the set of available policies actually intensifies the competition between the political parties and so increases efficiency in the provision of local project.},
	Author = {Roberson, Brian},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Roberson - 2008 - Pork-Barrel Politics, Targetable Policies, and Fiscal Federalism.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of the European Economic Association},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {819--844},
	Title = {{Pork-Barrel Politics, Targetable Policies, and Fiscal Federalism}},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Poole1991a,
	Abstract = {Two related issues have developed in the scale analysis of voting in the U.S. Con- gress. One is methodological; it concerns the appropriate dimensionalizing model. The other is more substantive, entailing interpretation of the extent to which voting dimen- sions carry an ideological component. Kenneth Koford contributed to consideration of these issues in his research note, "Dimensions in Congressional Voting," in the Septem- ber 1989 issue of this Review. In this controversy, his claims are challenged vigorously by Keith T. Poole and Howard Rosenthal. In turn, Koford defends his argument that "much roll call voting in Congress does not fit a single dimension."},
	Author = {Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard and Koford, Kenneth J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Poole, Rosenthal, Koford - 1991 - On Dimensionalizing Roll Call Votes in the U.S. Congress.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {955--976},
	Title = {{On Dimensionalizing Roll Call Votes in the U.S. Congress}},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Platt1992,
	Abstract = {Recent research by Rabinowitz and Macdonald (1989) claims that voting behavior is better accounted for by a directional model than by a traditional proximity or Euclidean model. This paper compares directional and Euclidean models using con- gressional roll-call voting data. For these relatively well-informed voters, we can unam- biguously reject the directional model in favor of the traditional Euclidean spatial model. We conclude that congressional voting can indeed be very accurately represented by the Euclidean model.},
	Author = {Platt, Glenn and Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Platt, Poole, Rosenthal - 1992 - Directional and Euclidean Theories of Voting Behavior A Legislative Comparison.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {561--572},
	Title = {{Directional and Euclidean Theories of Voting Behavior: A Legislative Comparison}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{Rich1989,
	Abstract = {Understanding the dynamics of policy distribution requires an appreciation of federal grant programs that have achieved a prominent place in near- ly all areas of domestic policy. The theoretical literature on distributive politics, how- ever, focuses almost exclusively on a centralized, top-down view of policy distribution. By examining the role of presidents, legislators, and bureaucrats, scholars have ignored participants who have become key actors in the distribution of federal expenditures-the recipient jurisdictions. This analysis of the allocation patterns under six federal pro- grams shows that local governments exert important influences on the distribution of federal grants and that the distributional patterns and their determinants vary over time. The analysis also points out the importance of disaggregation by focusing on programs and recipient jurisdictions, as opposed to total federal expenditures and regions, states, or congressional districts.},
	Author = {Rich, Michael J.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rich - 1989 - Distributive Politics and the Allocation of Federal Grants.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {193--213},
	Title = {{Distributive Politics and the Allocation of Federal Grants}},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1989}}

@book{Mayhew1974,
	Address = {New Haven and London},
	Author = {Mayhew, David},
	Edition = {2},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{Congress: The Electoral Connection}},
	Year = {1974}}

@article{Banks2000,
	Abstract = {I analyze the finite-voter version of the Groseclose and Snyder vote-buying model. I identify how the optimal coalition size varies with the underlying preference parameters; derive necessary and sufficient conditions for minimal majority and universal coalitions to form; and show that the necessary condition for minimal majorities found in Groseclose and Snyder is incorrect.},
	Author = {Banks, Jeffrey S.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Banks - 2000 - Buying supermajorities in finite legislatures.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {677--681},
	Title = {{Buying supermajorities in finite legislatures}},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Levitt1995,
	Abstract = {Theory: Several models of distributive politics predict a role for parties in determin- ing the allocation of federal outlays. Hypotheses: The number of Democratic voters will be positively correlated with federal outlays, even after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic vari- ables. The degree to which a program will be skewed to Democrats will be a func- tion of the amount of variation in program benefits across districts, whether the program is administered by formula, and the extent of one-party control when the program is initiated. Methods: Regression analysis of district-level data on election outcomes and fed- eral assistance programs for the period 1984-90. Results: The number of Democratic voters is an important predictor of the amount of federal dollars flowing to a district. Programs with a greater amount of variation across districts are more heavily skewed to Democrats, as are programs adminis- tered by formula. Programs initiated in the latter half of the 1970s, a time of solid Democratic control, exhibit the greatest bias towards Democrats; programs started in the Reagan era show no such bias. Our results are consistent with a model in which parties in the United States play an important, but limited role in determining the distribution of federal dollars: given enough time, parties can target types of voters, but they cannot easily target specific districts.},
	Author = {Levitt, Steven D. and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levitt, Snyder, Jr. - 1995 - Political Parties and the Distribution of Federal Outlays.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {958--980},
	Title = {{Political Parties and the Distribution of Federal Outlays}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Groseclose1996,
	Abstract = {Minimal winning coalitions have appeared as a key prediction or as an essential assumption of virtually all formal models of coalition formation, vote buying, and logrolling. Notwithstanding this research, we provide a model showing that supermajority coalitions may be cheaper than minimal winning coalitions. Specifically, if vote buyers move sequentially, and if the losing vote buyer is always granted a last chance to attack the winner's coalition, then minimal winning coalitions will generally not be cheapest, and equilibrium coalitions will generally not be minimal winning. We provide results relating equilibrium coalition size with preferences of the legislators and vote buyers, and we show that minimal winning coalitions should occur in only rare cases. We discuss these results in light of empirical work on coalition size and suggest other possible avenues for testing our model.},
	Author = {Groseclose, Tim and {Snyder, Jr.}, James M.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Groseclose, Snyder, Jr. - 1996 - Buying Supermajorities.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {303--315},
	Title = {{Buying Supermajorities}},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1996}}

@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011,
	Abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
	Address = {London},
	Author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
	Booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
	Pages = {1--16},
	Publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
	Title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Baron1989,
	Abstract = {Bargaining in legislatures is conducted according to formal rules specifying who may make proposals and how they will be decided. Legislative out- comes depend on those rules and on the structure of the legislature. Although the social choice literature provides theories about voting equilibria, it does not endogenize the formation of the agenda on which the voting is based and rarely takes into account the institutional structure found in legislatures. In our theory members of the legislature act noncooperatively in choosing strategies to serve their own districts, explicitly taking into account the strategies members adopt in response to the sequential nature of proposal making and voting. The model permits the characterization of a legislative equilibrium reflecting the structure of the legislature and also allows consideration of the choice of elements of that structure in a context in which the standard, institution-free model of social choice theory yields no equilibrium.},
	Author = {Baron, David P. and Ferejohn, John A.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baron, Ferejohn - 1989 - Bargaining in Legislatures.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1181--1206},
	Title = {{Bargaining in Legislatures}},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Baron2006,
	Abstract = {This paper presents a complete information model of competitive lobbying in a majority-rule institution where lobbying consists of providing politically-valuable resources to legislators. Legislators have three roles. First, they act as allies or opponents in deciding whether to consider a lobbyist's offer. Second, they act as agenda-setters in deciding whether to bring a policy alternative to a vote. Third, they vote on the agenda. The stationary equilibria include minimal majorities and supermajorities and involve unilateral, counteractive and preemptive lobbying. Supermajorities are recruited either to influence agenda formation or to preempt the opposing lobbyist.},
	Author = {Baron, David P.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9442.2006.00461.x},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baron - 2006 - Competitive Lobbying and Supermajorities in a Majority-rule Institution.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0347-0520},
	Journal = {The Scandinavian Journal of Economics},
	Month = {dec},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {607--642},
	Title = {{Competitive Lobbying and Supermajorities in a Majority-rule Institution}},
	Volume = {108},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2006.00461.x}}

@article{Baron1991,
	Abstract = {Inherent in majority rule institutions is the incentive to particularize benefits and to collectivize costs, and this majoritarian incentive can lead to the adoption of economically inefficient distributive programs. These inefficient, or pork barrel, programs are often said to occur under a norm of uni- versalism in which benefits are distributed among all legislative districts. The distribution of particu- laristic benefits is studied in the context of a legislative model that reflects the sequential nature of proposal making and voting. The set of distributive programs that a legislature will adopt in a perfect Nash equilibrium is characterized, and although inefficient programs will be adopted, the distribution of benefits is majoritarian and not universalistic. The set of programs that will be adopted depends on the amendment procedure used by the legislature, and the set corresponding to a closed rule that prohibits amendments includes very inefficient programs. Through the use of procedures, however, the legislature is able to control the extent of the inefficiency. For example, allowing amendments under an open rule limits, but does not eliminate, the inefficiency of the programs that would be adopted by the legislature. From an ex ante perspective, the legislature prefers an open rule to a closed rule for those policy jurisdictions in which inefficient programs can be expected to be proposed.},
	Author = {Baron, David P.},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baron - 1991 - Majoritarian Incentives, Pork Barrel Programs, and Procedural Control.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {57--90},
	Title = {{Majoritarian Incentives, Pork Barrel Programs, and Procedural Control}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Dekel2009,
	Abstract = {We examine the consequences of lobbying and vote buying, assuming this practice were allowed and free of stigma. Two lobbyists compete for the votes of legislators by offering up-front payments to the legislators in exchange for their votes. We analyze how the lobbyists' budget constraints and legislators' preferences deter- mine the winner and the payments.Whenlobbyists are budget constrained then the preferences of all legislators can matter, and a lobbyist's relative strength increases more steeply with a budget increase than with an increase of equal magnitude to the legislators' original preferences for this lobbyist's positio. When lobbyists are not budget constrained then only the preferences of near median legislatorsmatter and the preferences of these legislators and the budget enter equally in determining the winner.},
	Author = {Dekel, Eddie and Jackson, Matthew O. and Wolinsky, Asher},
	Doi = {10.1561/100.00008063},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dekel, Jackson, Wolinsky - 2009 - Vote Buying Legislatures and Lobbying.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15540634},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Month = {jun},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {103--128},
	Title = {{Vote Buying: Legislatures and Lobbying}},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00008063}}

@article{Berry2010,
	Abstract = {Scholarship on distributive politics focuses almost exclusively on the internal operations ofCongress, paying particular attention to committees and majority parties. This article highlights the president, who has extensive opportunities, both ex ante and ex post,to influence the distribution offederal outlays.We analyze two databases that track the geographic spending of nearly every domestic program S over a 24-year period---the largest and most comprehensive panels of federal spending patterns ever assembled. Using district and county fixed-effects estimation strategies, we find no evidence of committee influence and mixed evidence that majority party members receive larger shares of federal outlays.We find that districts and counties receive systematically more federal outlays when legislators in the president's party represent them.},
	Author = {Berry, Christopher R. and Burden, Barry C. and Howell, William G.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055410000377},
	File = {:Users/danalexander/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berry, Burden, Howell - 2010 - The President and the Distribution of Federal Spending.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = {nov},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {783--799},
	Title = {{The President and the Distribution of Federal Spending}},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000377}}

@article{dekel2008vote,
	Author = {Dekel, Eddie and Jackson, Matthew O and Wolinsky, Asher},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-22 22:44:22 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-03-22 22:44:22 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {351--380},
	Publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {Vote buying: General elections},
	Volume = {116},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{lindbeck1987balanced,
	Author = {Lindbeck, Assar and Weibull, J{\"o}rgen W},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-22 22:41:27 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-03-22 22:41:27 +0000},
	Journal = {Public choice},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {273--297},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {Balanced-budget redistribution as the outcome of political competition},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{cox1986electoral,
	Author = {Cox, Gary W and McCubbins, Mathew D},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-22 22:38:20 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-03-22 22:38:20 +0000},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {370--389},
	Publisher = {Southern Political Science Association},
	Title = {Electoral politics as a redistributive game},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {1986}}

@article{stratmann1992effects,
	Author = {Stratmann, Thomas},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-21 22:54:44 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-03-21 22:54:44 +0000},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Pages = {1162--1176},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {The effects of logrolling on congressional voting},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{brusco2004vote,
	Author = {Brusco, Valeria and Nazareno, Marcelo and Stokes, Susan Carol},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-21 22:52:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-03-21 22:52:23 +0000},
	Journal = {Latin American Research Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {66--88},
	Publisher = {Latin American Studies Association},
	Title = {Vote buying in Argentina},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{o1996power,
	Author = {O'Neill, Barry},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-21 22:05:30 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-03-21 22:39:35 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {219--237},
	Publisher = {Sage Periodicals Press 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320},
	Title = {Power and satisfaction in the United Nations security council},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{chapman2004united,
	Author = {Chapman, Terrence L. and Reiter, Dan},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-21 22:00:57 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:30:34 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {886--909},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA},
	Title = {The United Nations Security Council and the rally'round the flag effect},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{malone2000eyes,
	Author = {Malone, David M},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-21 21:51:11 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:43:01 +0000},
	Journal = {Global Governance},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--23},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Eyes on the Prize: The Quest for Nonpermanent Seats on the UN Security Council},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{dryzek2006reconciling,
	Author = {Dryzek, John S. and Niemeyer, Simon},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-20 21:13:46 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:37:35 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {634--649},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Reconciling Pluralism and Consensus as Political Ideals},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{groseclose1996buying,
	Author = {Groseclose, Tim and Snyder, James M},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-20 18:53:02 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-03-20 18:53:02 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {303--315},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Buying supermajorities},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{stokes2005perverse,
	Author = {Stokes, Susan C},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-20 18:51:50 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-03-20 18:51:50 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {315--325},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Perverse accountability: A formal model of machine politics with evidence from Argentina},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{nichter2008vote,
	Author = {Nichter, Simeon},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-20 18:49:31 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-16 12:11:31 +0000},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {19--31},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Vote Buying or Turnout Buying? Machine Politics and the Secret Ballot},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{carter2015democracy,
	Author = {Carter, David B. and Stone, Randall W.},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-20 18:32:19 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:35:13 +0000},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--33},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Democracy and Multilateralism: The Case of Vote Buying in the UN General Assembly},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2015}}

@article{dreher2009global,
	Author = {Dreher, Axel and Sturm, Jan-Egbert and Vreeland, James Raymond},
	Date-Added = {2017-03-20 18:10:43 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:36:35 +0000},
	Journal = {European Economic Review},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {742--757},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {Global Horse Trading: IMF Loans for Votes in the United Nations Security Council},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{doucouliagos2008aid,
	Author = {Doucouliagos, Hristos and Paldam, Martin},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-31 23:30:05 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-01-31 23:30:05 +0000},
	Journal = {European journal of political economy},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--24},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {Aid effectiveness on growth: A meta study},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{weder2002corrupt,
	Author = {Weder, Beatrice and Alesina, Alberto},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-31 23:28:00 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-01-31 23:28:00 +0000},
	Publisher = {American Economic Association},
	Title = {Do Corrupt Governments Receive Less Foreign Aid?},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{bueno2010pernicious,
	Author = {Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and Smith, Alastair},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-31 23:18:42 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:33:50 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {667--686},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA},
	Title = {The Pernicious Consequences of UN Security Council Membership},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{kuziemko2006much,
	Author = {Kuziemko, Ilyana and Werker, Eric},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-31 23:18:32 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-01-31 23:18:32 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of political economy},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {905--930},
	Publisher = {The University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {How much is a seat on the Security Council worth? Foreign aid and bribery at the United Nations},
	Volume = {114},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{dreher2008does,
	Author = {Dreher, Axel and Nunnenkamp, Peter and Thiele, Rainer},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-31 23:15:28 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:37:10 +0000},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {139--164},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {Does US Aid Buy UN General Assembly Votes? A Disaggregated Analysis},
	Volume = {136},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{fleck2010changing,
	Author = {Fleck, Robert K and Kilby, Christopher},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-31 23:15:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-01-31 23:15:10 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {185--197},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {Changing aid regimes? US foreign aid from the Cold War to the War on Terror},
	Volume = {91},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{younas2008motivation,
	Author = {Younas, Javed},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-31 23:14:55 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2017-01-31 23:14:55 +0000},
	Journal = {European Journal of political economy},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {661--674},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {Motivation for bilateral aid allocation: Altruism or trade benefits},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{hurd2002legitimacy,
	Author = {Hurd, Ian},
	Date-Added = {2017-01-31 23:08:54 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:39:59 +0000},
	Journal = {Global Governance},
	Pages = {35},
	Publisher = {HeinOnline},
	Title = {Legitimacy, Power, and the Symbolic Life of the UN Security Council},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{fisher2016,
	Author = {Fisher, Max},
	Journal = {The New York Times},
	Pages = {P17},
	Title = {{Uncertainty Over Donald Trump's Foreign Policy Could Lead to Global Instability}},
	Volume = {9 November},
	Year = {2016}}

@misc{Kennedy1962,
	Author = {John F. Kennedy},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:07:08 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:07:08 +0000},
	Title = {Press Conference, 27 June 1962},
	Year = {1962}}

@book{elleman2014,
	Author = {Elleman, Bruce A},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:06:59 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:06:59 +0000},
	Publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield},
	Title = {Taiwan Straits: Crisis in Asia and the Role of the US Navy},
	Year = {2014}}

@book{xia2006,
	Author = {Xia, Yafeng},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:06:41 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:06:41 +0000},
	Publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	Title = {Negotiating with the Enemy: US-China Talks during the Cold War, 1949-1972},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{benoit1999,
	Author = {Benoit, William L and Harthcock, Allison},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:06:26 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:06:26 +0000},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {Functions of the great debates: Acclaims, attacks, and defenses in the 1960 presidential debates},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{ross2002,
	Author = {Ross, Robert S},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:06:09 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:06:09 +0000},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {48--85},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {Navigating the Taiwan Strait: Deterrence, escalation dominance, and US-China relations},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{brands1988testing,
	Author = {Brands, HW},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:05:56 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:05:56 +0000},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {124--151},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Testing massive retaliation: credibility and crisis management in the Taiwan Strait},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{gordon1985,
	Author = {Gordon, Leonard HD},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:05:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:05:23 +0000},
	Journal = {The Journal of American History},
	Pages = {637--660},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {United States opposition to use of force in the Taiwan Strait, 1954-1962},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{smil1999china,
	Author = {Smil, Vaclav},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:05:07 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:05:07 +0000},
	Journal = {Bmj},
	Number = {7225},
	Pages = {1619--1621},
	Publisher = {British Medical Journal Publishing Group},
	Title = {China's great famine: 40 years later},
	Volume = {319},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{seawright2008,
	Author = {Seawright, Jason and Gerring, John},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:04:50 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:04:50 +0000},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {294--308},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {Case selection techniques in case study research a menu of qualitative and quantitative options},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{leeds2007,
	Author = {Leeds, Brett Ashley and Savun, Burcu},
	Date-Added = {2016-11-01 01:04:27 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-01 01:04:27 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1118--1132},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Terminating alliances: Why do states abrogate agreements?},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{zagare2003alignment,
	Author = {Zagare, Frank C and Marc Kilgour, D},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-30 17:25:05 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-30 17:25:05 +0000},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {587--615},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {Alignment Patterns, Crisis Bargaining, and Extended Deterrence: A Game-Theoretic Analysis},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{signorino2006unified,
	Author = {Signorino, Curtis S and Tarar, Ahmer},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-30 17:24:17 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-30 17:24:17 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {586--605},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {A unified theory and test of extended immediate deterrence},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{danilovic2001sources,
	Author = {Danilovic, Vesna},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-30 17:23:49 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-30 17:23:49 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {341--369},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {The sources of threat credibility in extended deterrence},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{huth1988extended,
	Author = {Huth, Paul K},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-30 17:23:19 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-30 17:23:19 +0000},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Pages = {423--443},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {Extended deterrence and the outbreak of war},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{huth1990testing,
	Author = {Huth, Paul and Russett, Bruce},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-30 17:22:52 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-30 17:22:52 +0000},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {466--501},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Testing deterrence theory: Rigor makes a difference},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{quackenbush2006not,
	Author = {Quackenbush, Stephen L},
	Date-Added = {2016-10-30 17:22:33 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-10-30 17:22:33 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {562--583},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {Not Only Whether but Whom Three-Party Extended Deterrence},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{bdm1981,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {{Bueno de Mesquita}, Bruce},
	Date-Added = {2016-02-04 21:48:56 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-02-04 21:50:31 +0000},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {The War Trap},
	Year = {1981}}

@article{CarrollKenkel2016,
	Author = {Robert J. Carroll and Brenton Kenkel},
	Date-Added = {2016-01-15 21:54:24 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-11-27 19:13:51 +0000},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Title = {Prediction, Proxies, and Power},
	Volume = {Forthcoming},
	Year = {2016}}

@article{Leeds2002,
	Abstract = {This article introduces the Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) dataset. We begin by describing the rationale for collecting the ATOP data, its scope, and some general coding rules for the project. Then we offer some descriptive statistics for phase one of the dataset, which covers the years 18151944, and reveal some interesting trends in alliance politics. Finally, we replicate a study of alliance for- mation originally conducted by Lai and Reiter (2000) to demonstrate the effect the use of ATOP data may have on past inferences about alliance politics.},
	Author = {Leeds, Brett and Ritter, Jeffrey and Mitchell, Sara and Long, Andrew},
	Date-Added = {2016-01-08 17:21:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-01-08 17:21:23 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050620213653},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Bryan/Third Party and SOLS Change/Sources/Leeds et al 2002 Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions, 1815-1944.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Number = {January},
	Pages = {237--260},
	Title = {{Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions, 1815-1944}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050620213653}}

@book{ThompsonDreyer2011,
	Author = {William Thompson and David Dreyer},
	Date-Added = {2016-01-08 16:45:42 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2016-01-08 16:47:34 +0000},
	Publisher = {Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press},
	Title = {Handbook of International Rivalries,1494-2010},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{choi2007media,
	Author = {Choi, Seung-Whan and James, Patrick},
	Date-Added = {2015-08-05 21:07:46 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-08-05 21:07:46 +0000},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {23--46},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Media openness, democracy and militarized interstate disputes},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{gaubatz1996,
	Author = {Gaubatz, Kurt Taylor},
	Date-Added = {2015-07-29 22:36:23 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-07-29 22:36:43 +0000},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {109--139},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Democratic states and commitment in international relations},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{chiba2015careful,
	Author = {Chiba, Daina and Johnson, Jesse C and Leeds, Brett Ashley},
	Date-Added = {2015-07-29 22:35:07 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-07-29 22:35:07 +0000},
	Title = {Careful Commitments: Democratic States and Alliance Design},
	Year = {2015}}

@book{vanevera1999,
	Author = {Van Evera, Stephen},
	Date-Added = {2015-07-26 20:31:43 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-07-26 20:32:02 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{werner2005making,
	Author = {Werner, Suzanne and Yuen, Amy},
	Date-Added = {2015-07-26 20:27:50 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-07-26 20:27:50 +0000},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {261--292},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {Making and keeping peace},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{Hassner2009,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Ron E. Hassner},
	Date-Added = {2015-02-20 18:17:25 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-02-20 18:18:14 +0000},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {War on Sacred Grounds},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Rauchhaus2011,
	Author = {Robert W. Rauchhaus},
	Date-Added = {2015-02-10 18:53:22 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2015-07-26 20:29:10 +0000},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {207-241},
	Title = {Asymmetric Information, Mediation, and Conflict Management},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{babst1972,
	Author = {Babst, Dean V},
	Date-Added = {2014-12-22 23:43:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-12-22 23:44:56 +0000},
	Journal = {Industrial Research},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {55},
	Title = {A Force for Peace},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {1972}}

@article{long2003defense,
	Author = {Long, Andrew G},
	Date-Added = {2014-09-02 00:05:28 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-09-02 00:05:49 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {537--552},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {Defense Pacts and International Trade},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{Stoessinger1985,
	Author = {Stoessinger, John G.},
	Date-Added = {2014-08-11 14:14:21 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-08-11 14:15:00 +0000},
	Edition = {4th},
	Publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
	Title = {Why Nations Go to War},
	Year = {1985}}

@book{Addington1994,
	Author = {Addington, Larry H.},
	Date-Added = {2014-08-11 14:12:29 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-08-11 16:44:31 +0000},
	Edition = {2nd},
	Publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	Title = {The Patterns of War Since the Eighteenth Century},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{bensonclinton2014,
	Author = {Benson, Brett V and Clinton, Joshua D},
	Date-Added = {2014-04-14 23:01:06 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2014-04-14 23:01:25 +0000},
	Title = {Measured Strength: Estimating the Strength of Alliances in the International System, 1816-2000},
	Year = {2014}}

@article{Smith2009,
	Annote = {This article identifies two causes for the variation in patterns of cooperation: the capacity of different groups within a nation to cooperate and the desire by one nation to influence which group is politically dominant in another nation. If Nation 1 prefers one of the groups in Nation 2 over the other, then it is incentivized to manipulate the political balance within Nation 2 by selectively promoting or withholding cooperation. This article is a good example of something that the CHISOLS data is useful for. Notes that McGillivray and Smith (2004,2008) and McGillivray and Stam (2004) find evidence that changes international cooperation coincides with leadership change, but cannot distinguish whether change in groups too (page 869). },
	Author = {Smith, Alastair},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Smith - 2009 - Political Groups, Leader Change, and the Pattern of International Cooperation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {853--877},
	Title = {{Political Groups, Leader Change, and the Pattern of International Cooperation}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009}}

@book{mead1943,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Mead, Margaret},
	Publisher = {Morrow Publishing},
	Title = {{And Keep Your Powder Dry: An Anthropologist Looks at America}},
	Year = {1943}}

@article{Neumayer2003,
	Author = {Neumayer, Eric},
	Doi = {10.1080/713869429},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Neumayer 2003 What Factors Determine the Allocation of Aid by Arab Countries and Multilateral Agencies?.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0388},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Studies},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {134--147},
	Title = {{What Factors Determine the Allocation of Aid by Arab Countries and Multilateral Agencies?}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713869429}}

@article{Allison2013,
	Author = {Bendor, J and Hammond, TH},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bendor, Hammond - 1992 - Rethinking Allison's Models.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {301--322},
	Title = {{Rethinking Allison's Models}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1964222},
	Volume = {86},
	Year = {1992},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1964222}}

@article{Cohen2008,
	Author = {Cohen, Charles and Werker, Eric D.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002708322157},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cohen, Werker - 2008 - The Political Economy of Natural'' Disasters.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {795--819},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of "Natural'' Disasters}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002708322157}}

@article{Ahmed,
	Author = {Ahmed, Rashid and Seedat, Mohamed and {Van Niekerk}, Ashley and Bulbulia, Samed},
	Journal = {South African Journal of Psychology},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {386--408},
	Title = {{Discerning community resilience in disadvantaged communities in the context of violence and injury prevention}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Powell1991,
	Author = {Powell, Robert},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Powell - 1991 - Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1303--1320},
	Title = {{Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1963947},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1991},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1963947}}

@article{Leeson2009,
	Author = {Leeson, Peter T. and Dean, Andrea M.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00385.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leeson, Dean - 2009 - The Democratic Domino Theory An Empirical Investigation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Diffusion},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Diffusion},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {533--551},
	Title = {{The Democratic Domino Theory: An Empirical Investigation}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00385.x},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00385.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00385.x}}

@book{byman2005,
	Address = {Carlisle, PA},
	Author = {Byman, Daniel},
	Publisher = {U.S. Army War College},
	Title = {{Going to War With the Allies You Have: Allies, Counterinsurgency, and the War on Terrorism}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Ray1998,
	Author = {Ray, J.L.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ray - 1998 - Does democracy cause peace.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {autocracy,conflict,disputes,regime type,war},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {27--46},
	Publisher = {Annual Reviews 4139 El Camino Way, PO Box 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139, USA},
	Title = {{Does democracy cause peace?}},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.27},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.27}}

@article{ajami2003,
	Author = {Ajami, Fouad},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy},
	Number = {September/October},
	Pages = {52--61},
	Title = {{The Falseness of Anti-Americanism}},
	Volume = {No. 138},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{gill2002,
	Address = {Boca Raton, FL},
	Author = {Gill, Jeff},
	Publisher = {Chapman \& Hall/CRC},
	Title = {{Bayesian Methods: A Social and Behavioral Sciences Approach}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Searing2009,
	Author = {Searing, Donald D.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0007123400004440},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Searing - 2009 - A Theory of Political Socialization Institutional Support and Deradicalization in Britain.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0007-1234},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {341--376},
	Title = {{A Theory of Political Socialization: Institutional Support and Deradicalization in Britain}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0007123400004440},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0007123400004440},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400004440}}

@article{long2007,
	Author = {Long, Mark},
	Journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {279--286},
	Title = {{Exploring Anti-Americanism in Post--9/11 Editorial Cartoons in the U.S. and Spain}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Honaker2010,
	Author = {Honaker, James and King, Gary},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00447.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Honaker, King - 2010 - What to Do about Missing Values in Time-Series Cross-Section Data.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {561--581},
	Title = {{What to Do about Missing Values in Time-Series Cross-Section Data}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00447.x},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00447.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00447.x}}

@article{Voeten2005,
	Author = {Voeten, Erik},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818305050198},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Voeten - 2005 - The Political Origins of the UN Security Council's Ability to Legitimize the Use of Force.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {527--557},
	Title = {{The Political Origins of the UN Security Council's Ability to Legitimize the Use of Force}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818305050198},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818305050198},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050198}}

@article{marinov2005,
	Author = {Marinov, Nikolay},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {564--576},
	Title = {{Do economic sanctions destabilize country leaders?}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{gartzkeandlupu2012,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik and Lupu, Yonatan},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {391--397},
	Title = {{Still Looking for Audience Costs}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Rosendorff2001,
	Annote = {Rosendorff, B. Peter and Helen V. Milner. 2001. "The Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and Escape." International Organization 55 (4): 829-57.
- safeguard clauses that allow escape
- 1. when is such increased flexibility rationally optimal for states making international trade agreements?
- 2. if escape clauses allow states more flexibility in meeting their obligations, what impact does this have on their compliance w/ the agreement? What are the consequences of increased flexibility for institutional performance: is cooperation enhanced, and is it more durable?
escape clause = allows a country to suspend the concessions it previously negotiated w/ out violating or abrogating the terms of the agreement. most trade agreements have them, SALT doesn't.
Three central claims:
1. escape clauses are an efficient equilibrium under conditions of domestic uncertainty.
	- offer support for Rational Design conjecture F1:Flexibility increases with uncertainty about the state of the world.
2. for escape clauses to be useful and efficient they must impose some kind of cost on their use.
	- paying costs signals intention to comply in future
	- depends on gains from cooperation relative to benefits of defection.
	- costliness of escape clause is crucial.
3. including escape clauses makes initial agreements easier to reach. 
	- support for conjecture F2: Flexibility increases with the severity of the 	distribution problem.

        
Key problem that makes EC desirable is uncertainty.
- Each country has limited knowledge about the domestic politics of the others.
- Two stages of the model: barganing and enforcement. Trade game is modified version of PD. 
Cooperation...is deeper and more likely, and int'l trade institutions are more durable, with escape clauses than without them.

        
Low costs, frequent escape
- Cost must not be too low but also not too high.
First stage of model: bargaining over EC. When can they escape? when will they be able to agree to impose a cost on themselves and when will it be credible?

        
Agreements are Easier to Conclude
- inclusion of EC may reduce dynamic present in Fearon's article where enforcement problems impact bargaining stage. 

        
Political uncertainty
- Policymakers seeking to max their political support choose to adopt trade policies that redistribute revenue among politically salient groups. Balancing interests of consumers and firms. 
- a period of unusually "high" political pressure applied by the firms means a heightened demand by the firms for higher trade barriers at home and lower ones abroad. 

        
Uncertainty and EC: Implications and Some Evidence
- need for ECs may be associated w/ democracies
 need for ECs may vary by issue area.
- in arms control, unexpected domestic shocks that greatly increase pressures for leaders to cheat are less common.

        
The Optimal Penalty: Institutional Design
If the cost of exercising the EC is too high, the gains from temporary defection and preserving one's cooperative reputation are more than likely outweighed by the penalty associated w/ the use of the EC. That is k > K
- pregame negotiation phase over size of k. 

        
It is the greater cost of invoking ECs that makes firms less likely to do so.

        
Fearon's dynamic
Bargainer's are not stuck in a commitment to a distributional outcome for the infinite horizon, thereby making initial bargains easier to strike. 
In our model, Fearon's argument may not hold: the length of the SotF may play no role in affecting the bitterness of bargaining over the initial agreement. Moreover, including escape clauses may make both enforcement and distributive bargaining easier. 

        

      },
	Author = {Rosendorff, B Peter and Milner, Helen V},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rosendorff, Milner - 2001 - The Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions Uncertainty and Escape.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {829--857},
	Title = {{The Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and Escape}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Snyder1984,
	Abstract = {The concept of the "security dilemma" is applied to alliance relations in multipolar and bipolar systems. The dilemma involves a choice between support or nonsupport of allies, and tension between fears of entrapment and abandonment. It interacts with the adversary security dilemma in which the choice is between firmness and conciliation toward the opponent. The multipolar interaction is illustrated by a survey of the 1904-1914 period, the bipolar by reference to the contemporary crisis in NATO. The alliance security dilemma is more severe, and places more constraints on allies' policies toward adversaries, in multipolar than in bipolar alliances. The weakness of the dilemma in the contemporary system is a major reason for the current persistence of conflict in NATO.},
	Author = {Snyder, Glenn H.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2010183},
	Isbn = {00438871},
	Issn = {0043-8871},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Pages = {461--495},
	Title = {{The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1984},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010183}}

@unpublished{gleditschandward2004,
	Annote = {Typescript. Department of Political Science. University of California, San Diego},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Kristian S and Ward, Michael D},
	Title = {{The Diffusion of Democracy and the International Context of Democratization}},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{vonhippel2000,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {von Hippel, Karin},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Democracy by Force: US Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War World}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Koubi2012,
	Author = {Koubi, V. and Bernauer, T. and Kalbhenn, a. and Spilker, G.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343311427173},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Koubi et al. - 2012 - Climate variability, economic growth, and civil conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {113--127},
	Title = {{Climate variability, economic growth, and civil conflict}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343311427173},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
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	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311427173}}

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@article{Weiss2009,
	Annote = {Why did global governance emerge?
1. Interdependence; also, technological advance identified new global problems.
2. Increase in NSAs
3. Idea of world government seems crazy.

        
We have governance w/out government.

        
"The short answer to the question in this article's title is: The United States became obsessed with anticommunism; Europe focused on the construction of a regional economic and political federation; the burgeoning number of post-colonial countries shifted their preoccupations toward nonalignment and Third World solidarity; and scholars got out of the business." (261)

        
We have gone overboard in enthusiasm for NGOs, informal arrangements. },
	Author = {Weiss, Thomas G.},
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@book{Jackson2011,
	Address = {London},
	Annote = {Chapter 1:
Carl Sagan - baloney detection
Karl Popper

        
The science question in IR
-The role played by science in IR is "at least conditionally, if not completely, independent of any detailed philosophical or conceptual sense afforded to the term." (3)
-Science is typically presented as an attitude (baloney detection), method (mathematical formalism), and goal (law-like generalizations). (3)
Comment: Is Jackson's characterization of Morgenthau's inconsistency fair (on p. 4)?
- "all sides of the debate agreed that the point of studying world politics is to produce empirically grounded and justified claims" (6)
- the result of the "second debate" was linking science to quant, formal models, and general propositions. Allusions to success of physics/econ. Jackson points out that burden falls on traditionalists to adapt to the "scientists" in Knorr and Rosenau's attempt to reconcile the two approaches. "Testable hypotheses and general claims are thus portrayed as almost unquestionable goals of IR scholarship, hardly even needing the label 'science' to distinguish them from alternatives." (7) Debate has shifted to quant vs. qual, which strips philosophical issues out.
- B/c Bull failed to give alternative to generalization, there seemed to be no compelling reason not to.
- 2 conclusions (so far): "science" has been a notion in play in IR debates since the beginning, and the function of "science" is primarily disciplining. 

        
The demarcation problem
- demarcation problem: the quest for a set of criteria that can adequately demarcate science from non-science (10, quote). 
- solving this problem would answer how IR should proceed as scientific field. This is what already happens when people look at successful scientific practices in other disciplines. 
- "Unfortunately, philosophers have come to no global consensus about what defines a field of inquiry as a 'science' or a practice of knowledge-production as 'scientific.'" (11)
- Verifiability - first aspiration of logical positivists. 
- "law-like claims are not verifiable. All that exists, empirically, are specific objects and entities inhabiting particular situations, and if we were to confine ourselves strictly to what we can verify we could not say with certainty that, for instance, "books fall to the floor when dropped." " (12)
- This led to FALSIFICATION (Popper)
- "charges that some claim or piece of research is 'unfalsifiable' are often used in transparently disciplining manner, to exclude that claim or peice of research from serious consideration." (13) Jackson says these debates nowhere actually defend falsifiability as a solution to the demarcation problem. 
- Kuhn pointed out that the practice of science did not adhere to this principle, scholars simply reinterpret findings (Comment: does this matter? Isn't falsifiability still a good criterion in principle? There is a difference between describing how science is actually practiced, and what science should be. Just because science is not actually practiced in a certain way does not undermine the way science should theoretically be conducted)
- Philosophers of science do not speak in a unified way, so you cannot appeal to a general notion of science

        
Science, broadly understood
- it is possible to move beyond the tactical use of science
- we should "treat other arguments about world politics as serious attempts to generate knowledge" (18)
- the common element might be found in the GOALS of science --> The explanatory content according to Wight
- science - empirical inquiry designed to produce knowledge. This is a Weberian definition.
- I don't agree with the comparison to using the theoretically concept of Christianity as defining what is Christian and the theoretical use of science, but maybe I am not understanding this properly. 
- "the decisive issue is internal validity: whether, given our assumptions, our conclusions follow rigorously from the evidence and logical argumentation that we provide." (22).

        

        
Chapter 2: Philosophical wagers
- methodology is "a concern with the logical structure and procedure of scientific inquiry." 25 (Sartori)
- POS comes before methodology

        

        
Chapter 6: Reflexivity

      },
	Author = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations}},
	Year = {2011}}

@techreport{pew2009,
	Annote = {Available at $\backslash$href\{http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/264.pdf\}\{$\backslash$url\{http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/264.pdf\}\}},
	Author = {{Pew Global Attitudes Project}},
	Institution = {The Pew Research Center for the People \& the Press},
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	Year = {2009}}

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@article{Koremenos2005,
	Annote = {Koremonos, Barbara. 2005. "Contracting Around International Uncertainty." American Political Science Review 99 (4): 549-65. 
- Duration provisions can insure states in a context where they are uncertain about how circumstances will alter their expected benefits.
- What if states can protect themselves in situations of high uncertainty?
- I develop a model that features flexibility rather than hands-tying to make such protection possible. The specific provision is a limited duration agreement that can be renegotiated. 
- data is a random sample across all four of the major issue areas from the UN Treaty Series.
- p. 549/550 - suggests that there are similarities b/w subfields to a greater degree than previously acknowledged (Eelco's question)

        
Explaining the Structure of Int'l Agreements
- Rosendorff/Milner
- Uncertainty (in this model) is persistent: there is no learning.

        
The Theory
Assumes that parties select an initial distribution of gains based on their relative bargaining power, but this gain evolves over time under the agreement due to external shocks. 
A shock to the distribution of gains occurs in each period --> either gains to one state increase relative to that of the other, or there is no change if the shock equals zero.
Shocks are:
1. completely random and independent; cannot be predicted
2. the precise value of any shock is discoverable only at a cost
3. the shocks add up over time

        
Types of Agreements
1. agreement of infinite duration (inflexible)
2. a series of agreements renegotiated at regular intervals in order to adjust the distribution of gains for the effects of the shocks that cumulate during each agreement
	has two costs for states:
	1. negotiation costs required to reach initial agreement in the series.
	2. renegotiation costs at the start of each new agreement.
		- as parties increase, costs go up.
- states will choose to renegotiate more often when renegotiation costs fall and when the variance of the shocks increases b/c this increases the expected deviation b/w the realize and the desired distributions of gains and when their level of risk aversion increases b/c the variance is more costly to them.
	(DQ: Are agreements that are inflexible but also create international organizations (or some other central body to implement the agreement) less likely to fail due to shifts in distributional outcomes?)
Comparative statics (Hypotheses)
1. As renegotiation costs increase, prob that parties choose finite, renegotiated agreements decreases.
2. If parties conclude a series of agreements, as renegotiation costs increase, parties will choose to make each agreement in the series longer.
3. As uncertainty increases, prob of finite agreements increases.
4.  If parties conclude a series of agreements, as uncertainty increases, parties will choose to make each agreement in the series shorter.
5. As risk aversion of the parties increases, prob of finite agreements increases.
6.  If parties conclude a series of agreements, as risk aversion increases, parties will choose to make each agreement in the series shorter.

        
Variables
DV - whether the agreement is finite or not.
IVs - renegotiation costs, uncertainty, risk aversion

        
Lots of finite agreements
Whether agreement is finite or not depends on issue area
Economic and environmental issues more likely to be finite.
HR agreements are more likely to be finite than security agreements

        
States transcend uncertainty by negotiating agreements that include the proper amount of flexibility and thereby create for themselves a kind of int'l insurance. 
The descriptive stats alone force us to reconsider one of the conventional wisdoms concerning int'l coop: states tie their hands in order to make their commitments credible. In fact, 2/3 of the agreements in this sample are designed not to last forever.

      },
	Author = {Koremenos, Barbara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Koremenos - 2005 - Contracting Around International Uncertainty.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {549--565},
	Title = {{Contracting Around International Uncertainty}},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{dafoeonealandrussett2013,
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@article{Koremenos2001,
	Annote = {Koremonos, Barbara,  Lipson, Charles and Duncan Snidal. 2001. "The Rational Design of International Institutions." International Organization 55 (4): 761-799.
- How do international institutions actually work?
- Why do differences exist? Do they matter?
- States use int'l institutions to further their own goals, and they design institutions accordingly. 
- Misleading to think of IOs as exogenous actors (i.e. constructivists are wrong).
- Yet realists are not entirely right either. States spend time constructing institutions b/c they can advance/impede state goals. Institutions cannot be changed swiftly --> Germany and Japan exercise less influence in UN b/c they are not on UNSC
- Design differences are not random, they are the result of rational, purposive interactions among states and other int'l actors to solve specific problems.
Def: Int'l institutions are explicit arrangements, negotiated among int'l actors, that prescribe, proscribe, and/or authorize behavior. Public, at least among parties themselves. The fruits of agreement. May require or prohibit certain behavior, or simply permit it. Definition does not necessarily apply only to states; NGOs and other NSAs count too.
5 dimensions within which institutions may vary:
1. Membership rules
2. Scope of issue covered
3. Centralization of tasks
4. Rules for controlling the institution
5. Flexibility of arrangements 
- All are substantively important, can be measured, and apply to full range of institutions. 

        
From Cooperation Theory to Rational Design
- descriptive --> regime theory --> theorizing about institutions

        
Extending coop theory
- coop theory premised on Folk theorem (repeated interactions make coop possible)
- distribution, enforcement, large numbers, and uncertainty suggest that coop can be very brittle in the real world. 

        
Bringing in institutions
- states use institutions to overcome weakness of decentralized coop.
- as institutions evolve, rational design choices arise in 2 ways:
1. participants may modify institutions in stages, by making decisions as new circumstances arise, by imitating features from other institutions that work well in similar settings, or by designing explicit institutions to strengthen tacit cooperation.
2. institutions may evolve as states (and other int'l actors) select among them over time. 

        
Institutions can be aspects of equilibria:
1. Institutional rules must be "incentive compatible" so that actors create, change, and adhere to institutions b/c doing so is in their interests.
2. specifying IVs and DVs requires special care.
3. the very institutions we seek to explain as "outcomes" may also play a causal role in shaping others, now or in the future. 

        
Dependent variables
1. Membership rules - who belongs? restrictive? NGOs?
2. Scope of issue covered - what issues are covered? linkage? often unclear.
3. Centralization of tasks - tasks performed by single entity or not? controversial b/c of the way it touches on sovereignty. least intrusive activity is info collection. bargaining procedures.
4. Rules for controlling the institution - how will collective decisions be made? rules for electing? financed how?
5. Flexibility of arrangements - how are new circumstances accommodated? adaptive (escape clauses) vs. transformative. 

        
Independent variables
1. Distribution Problems - when more than 1 agreement is possible.
2. Enforcement Problems - incentives for cheating?
3. Number of Actors and Asymmetries among them - exogenous, not the same as membership
4. Uncertainty (Uncertainty about behavior, about the state of the world, about preferences) - choices, consequences, and preferences. (preferences of others)

        
Conjectures about rational design
Assumptions:
1. Rational design: States and other int'l actors, acting for self-interest reasons, design institutions purposefully to advance their joint interests.
2. SotF: The value of future gains is strong enough to support a cooperative arrangement.
3. Transaction costs: Establishing and participating in int'l institutions is costly.
4. Risk aversion: States are risk-averse and worry about possible adverse effects when creating or modifying int'l institutions.

        
Specific conjectures:
Membership:
M1: Restrictive membership increases w/ the severity of the enforcement problem
M2: Restrictive membership increases w/ uncertainty about preferences
M3: Inclusive membership increases w/ the severity of the distribution problem
Scope:
S1: Issue scope increases w/ greater heterogeneity among larger numbers of actors.
S2: Issue scope increases w/ the severity of the distribution problem
	- linkage not only allow states to increase efficiency but may also allow them to overcome distributional obstacles.
S3: Issue scope increases w/ the severity of the enforcement problem.
Centralization:
C1: Centralization increases w/ uncertainty about behavior. 
C2: Centralization increases with uncertainty about the state of the world.
C3: Centralization increases with number.
C4: Centralization increases w/ the severity of the enforcement problem
Control:
V1: Individual control decreases as number increases.
V2: Asymmetry of control increases w/ asymmetry among contributors (number). 
V3: Individual control (to block undesirable outcomes) increases w/ uncertainty about the state of the world. 
Flexibility:
F1: Flexibility increases with uncertainty about the state of the world.
F2: Flexibility increases with the severity of the distribution problem.
	Busch and Koremonos (p. 794)
F3: Flexibility decreases with number.

      },
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	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2001}}

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	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Conlisk1996,
	Author = {Conlisk, John},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Conlisk - 1996 - Why Bounded Rationality.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of economic literature},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {669--700},
	Title = {{Why Bounded Rationality?}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2729218},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2729218}}

@article{bremer1992,
	Author = {Bremer, Stuart A},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {309--341},
	Title = {{Dangerous Dyads: Conditions Affecting the Likelihood of Interstate War, 1816--1965}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{Norris2008,
	Abstract = {Communities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non-disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities--Economic Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community Competence--that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities, engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires flexibility, decision-making skills, and trusted sources of information that function in the face of unknowns.},
	Author = {Norris, Fran H and Stevens, Susan P and Pfefferbaum, Betty and Wyche, Karen F and Pfefferbaum, Rose L},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Norris et al. - 2008 - Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0091-0562},
	Journal = {American journal of community psychology},
	Keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological,Consumer Participation,Disaster Planning,Humans,Models, Theoretical,Residence Characteristics,Social Support},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {127--50},
	Pmid = {18157631},
	Title = {{Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157631},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157631},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6}}

@article{Carrubba2008,
	Author = {Carrubba, Clifford J. and Gabel, Matthew and Hankla, Charles},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055408080350},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carrubba, Gabel, Hankla - 2008 - Judicial Behavior under Political Constraints Evidence from the European Court of Justice.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {IOs and Domestic Politics,International Law},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs and Domestic Politics,International Law},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {435},
	Title = {{Judicial Behavior under Political Constraints: Evidence from the European Court of Justice}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055408080350},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055408080350},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080350}}

@book{revel2003,
	Address = {San Francisco, CA},
	Author = {Revel, Jean--Fran\c{c}ois},
	Publisher = {Encounter Books},
	Title = {{Anti-Americanism}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{gelman2006,
	Author = {Gelman, Andrew},
	Journal = {Bayesian Analysis},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {515--533},
	Title = {{Prior Distributions for Variance Parameters in Hierarchical Models}},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{alesinaetal2003,
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and Devleeschauwer, Arnaud and Easterly, William and Kurlat, Sergio and Wacziarg, Romain},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {155--194},
	Title = {{Fractionalization}},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Vasquez2001,
	Author = {Vasquez, John and Leskiw, Christopher S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vasquez, Leskiw - 2001 - The Origins and War Proneness of Interstate Rivalries.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {abstract the study of,and new research on,contributions to,in the,interstate rivalry,is reviewed,militarized disputes,of rivalries is presented,origin and war proneness,power politics,recent research has shown,rivalry,territory,that states,the role of territory,theory and research on,war,which has made major},
	Pages = {295--316},
	Title = {{The Origins and War Proneness of Interstate Rivalries}},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Gourevitch2009,
	Author = {Gourevitch, Peter},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002081830003201X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gourevitch - 2009 - The second image reversed the international sources of domestic politics.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {881},
	Title = {{The second image reversed: the international sources of domestic politics}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830003201X},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081830003201X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081830003201X}}

@misc{polityIV2000,
	Author = {{Polity IV Project}},
	Howpublished = {Center for International Development and Conflict Management, University of Maryland, College Park, MD},
	Title = {{Polity IV Dataset, version p4v2000}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{heisbourg1999-00,
	Author = {Heisbourg, Fran\c{c}ois},
	Journal = {Survival},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {5--19},
	Title = {{American Hegemony? Perceptions of the US Abroad}},
	Volume = {41}}

@article{Urpelainen2012,
	Author = {Urpelainen, Johannes},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1752971911000194},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Urpelainen - 2012 - How uncertainty about outside options impedes international cooperation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1752-9719},
	Journal = {International Theory},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {133--163},
	Title = {{How uncertainty about outside options impedes international cooperation}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S1752971911000194},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S1752971911000194},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1752971911000194}}

@incollection{Ray2003,
	Annote = {DP hard core:
- democracy exists; its impact is universal; reduces probability of war
- analyses should focus on pairs of states
- domestic political processes have important impacts on international interactions, vice versa

        
negative heuristic: not to abandon or contradict any element of the hard core

        
positive heuristic: rules and guidelines for formulating the protective belt of auxiliary hypotheses. develop definitions/operationalizations of democracy and war that can be applied consistently to controversial cases.

        
auxiliary hypotheses: p. 221

        
difficult to identify SRPs.

        
- table on p. 216, what are the chances of drawing \~{}40,000 dyads at random from the population of \~{}410,000 and observing a perfect \%0?

      },
	Author = {Ray, James Lee},
	Booktitle = {Progress in International Relations Theory},
	Editor = {Elman, Colin and {Fendius Elman}, Miriam},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ray - 2003 - A Lakatosian View of the Democratic Peace Research Program.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {205--243},
	Title = {{A Lakatosian View of the Democratic Peace Research Program}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Corstange2012,
	Author = {Corstange, Daniel and Marinov, Nikolay},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00583.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Corstange, Marinov - 2012 - Taking Sides in Other People's Elections The Polarizing Effect of Foreign Intervention.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {655--670},
	Title = {{Taking Sides in Other People's Elections: The Polarizing Effect of Foreign Intervention}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00583.x},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00583.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00583.x}}

@article{Foster2002,
	Author = {Foster, John Bellamy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Foster - 2002 - The Rediscovery of Imperialism Monthly Review.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{The Rediscovery of Imperialism :: Monthly Review}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{waltz1988,
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	Journal = {Journal of Interdisciplinary History},
	Number = {Spring},
	Pages = {615--628},
	Title = {{The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Ikenberry1990,
	Author = {Ikenberry, GJ and Kupchan, Charles A.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ikenberry, Kupchan - 1990 - Socialization and hegemonic power.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {283--315},
	Title = {{Socialization and hegemonic power}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=4322908},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=4322908}}

@article{Mcgillivray2013,
	Author = {McGillivray, F and Smith, Alastair},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McGillivray, Smith - 2000 - Trust and Cooperation Through Agent-Specific Punishments.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {809--824},
	Title = {{Trust and Cooperation Through Agent-Specific Punishments}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=164738},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=164738}}

@book{rodman1964,
	Address = {Seattle},
	Author = {Rodman, Selden},
	Publisher = {University of Washington Press},
	Title = {{Quissqueya; A History of the Dominican Republic}},
	Year = {1964}}

@article{colaresiandthompson2002,
	Author = {Colaresi, Michael and Thompson, William},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1175--1198},
	Title = {{Hot Spots or Hot Hands? Serial Crisis Behavior, Escalating Risks, and Rivalry}},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Morrow2007,
	Author = {Morrow, James D.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S000305540707027X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morrow - 2007 - When Do States Follow the Laws of War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {559},
	Title = {{When Do States Follow the Laws of War?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S000305540707027X},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S000305540707027X},
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@article{krasner2011,
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	Journal = {PRISM},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {65--74},
	Title = {{International Support for State-Building: Flawed Consensus}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Biermann2010,
	Author = {Biermann, Frank and Boas, Ingrid},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Biermann, Boas - 2010 - Preparing for a Warmer World Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {60--88},
	Title = {{Preparing for a Warmer World : Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Most1984,
	Author = {Most, Benjamin A. and Starr, Harvey},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/FP Substitutability/Most and Starr 1984 International Relations Theory, Foreign Policy Substitutability, and "Nice" Laws.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {383--406},
	Title = {{International Relations Theory, Foreign Policy Substitutability, and "Nice" Laws}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1984}}

@book{vallecillos1967,
	Address = {San Salvador, El Salvador},
	Author = {Vallecillos, Italo L\'{o}pez},
	Publisher = {Ministerio de Educaci\'{o}n, Derecci\'{o}n General de Publicaciones},
	Title = {{Gerardo Barrios y su Tiempo}},
	Volume = {II},
	Year = {1967}}

@article{Wittman1979,
	Author = {Wittman, Donald},
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	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {743--763},
	Title = {{How a War Ends: A Rational Model Approach}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/23/4/743.short},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1979},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/23/4/743.short}}

@article{Ha2012,
	Author = {Ha, Eunyoung},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611001757},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ha - 2012 - Globalization, Government Ideology, and Income Inequality in Developing Countries.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {541--557},
	Title = {{Globalization, Government Ideology, and Income Inequality in Developing Countries}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381611001757},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611001757},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611001757}}

@book{wolfers1962,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Author = {Wolfers, Arnold},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Discord and Collaboration}},
	Year = {1962}}

@article{Key2007,
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	Doi = {10.1079/PNS2005481},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Key, Appleby, Rosell - 2007 - Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0029-6651},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the Nutrition Society},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {35--41},
	Title = {{Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002966510600005X},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002966510600005X},
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@article{Wolford2007,
	Author = {Wolford, Scott},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00280.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wolford - 2007 - The Turnover Trap New Leaders, Reputation, and International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict,Domestic Politics and Conflict,Leaders},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict,Domestic Politics and Conflict,Leaders},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {772--788},
	Title = {{The Turnover Trap: New Leaders, Reputation, and International Conflict}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00280.x}}

@incollection{ikenberry2005,
	Address = {Armonk, NY},
	Author = {Ikenberry, G John},
	Booktitle = {\{K\}orean Attitudes toward the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates: Changing Dynamics},
	Chapter = {1},
	Editor = {Steinberg, David I},
	Pages = {3--20},
	Publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanism in the Age of American Unipolarity}},
	Year = {2005}}

@incollection{Lonergan2001,
	Address = {Boulder},
	Author = {Lonergan, Steve C.},
	Booktitle = {Environmental Conflict},
	Editor = {Diehl, Paul F. and Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	Pages = {109--124},
	Publisher = {Westview Press},
	Title = {{Water and Conflict: Rhetoric and Reality}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Fordham2012,
	Author = {Fordham, Benjamin O. and Kleinberg, Katja B.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000057},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fordham, Kleinberg - 2012 - How Can Economic Interests Influence Support for Free Trade.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {311--328},
	Title = {{How Can Economic Interests Influence Support for Free Trade?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000057},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000057},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000057}}

@article{fabbrini2002,
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	Journal = {Government and Opposition},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--14},
	Title = {{The Domestic Sources of European Anti-Americanism}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Massey1990,
	Author = {Massey, Douglas S.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey - 1990 - Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population Index},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--26},
	Title = {{Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{beckkatzandtucker1998,
	Author = {Beck, Nathaniel and Katz, Jonathan N and Tucker, Richard},
	Journal = {A\{merican Journal of Political Science\}},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1260--1288},
	Title = {{Taking Time Seriously: Time-Series--Cross-Section Analysis with a Binary Dependent Variable}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {1998}}

@book{clausewitz1976,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Annote = {Edited and Translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret},
	Author = {von Clausewitz, Carl},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{On War}},
	Year = {1976}}

@article{Slantchev2003,
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	Doi = {10.1017/S000305540300056X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Slantchev - 2003 - The Power to Hurt Costly Conflict with Completely Informed States.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {123},
	Title = {{The Power to Hurt: Costly Conflict with Completely Informed States}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S000305540300056X},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003},
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@article{Davis2009,
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	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609090860},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Davis, Bermeo - 2009 - Who Files Developing Country Participation in GATTWTO Adjudication.pdf:pdf},
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	Number = {03},
	Pages = {1033},
	Title = {{Who Files? Developing Country Participation in GATT/WTO Adjudication}},
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@article{wrightandescriba-folch2012,
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	Title = {{Authoritarian Institutions and Regime Survival: Transitions to Democracy and Subsequent Autocracy}},
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	Year = {2012}}

@article{Lewis2005,
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	Isbn = {0020818305050},
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@misc{Videos2009c,
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	Title = {{Bahamas: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.}},
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	Volume = {105},
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@article{fish2002,
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@article{Snyder2011,
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	Title = {{Realism, Game Theory, and Cooperation}},
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@book{braceandhinckley1992,
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@incollection{johnstonandstockmann2007,
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	Author = {Johnston, Alastair Iain and Stockmann, Daniela},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Chapter = {6},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
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	Author = {Cox, Michael},
	Journal = {European Journal of International Relations},
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@article{safire2003,
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	Pages = {A13},
	Title = {{Nixon on Bush}},
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@incollection{joffe2002,
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	Author = {Joffe, Josef},
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	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
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	Year = {2002}}

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@article{Slantchev2010a,
	Author = {Slantchev, Branislav L.},
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Slantchev - 2010 - Feigning Weakness(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
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@article{Gibler2007,
	Annote = {-democracy and peace are both symptoms - not causes - of the removal of territorial issues between neighbors --> DP may be spurious.
- tests whether democracy might actually be an instrumental variable

        
Territorial issues and the steps to war
- Bremer (1992) finds contiguity is single most important factor in predicting war onset. This actually serves as a proxy for territorial issues (since contiguity is a constant).
- Disputes involving territory are most war-prone.

        
The DP and the Steps to War
- No consensus on causes of DP
- Three dominant theoretical models: normative, structural, and institutional
(DQ: What are the three theoretical models of the democratic peace that Gibler identifies? (510))
- Normative - states externalize their internal methods of conflict resolution when doing so is not a threat to their basic security, which is more likely when dealing with democracies
- Domestic structures - Harder to mobilize for war in democracies, unless threat is imminent. Autocracies can mobilize quickly, and thus represent an imminent threat.
- Institutions - dem leaders must distribute public goods. Democracies are more hesitant to risk unwinnable wars, and they try harder.

        
Two important findings of DP: Democracies are no less war prone in general, only against each other; they are more likely to submit their disputes to negotiation and arbitration instead of resorting to force

        
"Each of the above findings is consistent with the assertion that democracies have avoided war with one another because of a lack of territorial issues. First, if neighboring states do not have territorial issues they should be highly unlikely to fight a priori... Second, if states are more likely to become democratic in the absence of territorial issues, then democracies should cluster around stable interstate borders."

        
(DQ: "This argument also makes sense in light of several important challenges to the democratic peace, notably in Reed's (2000) finding that joint democracy exerts a pacifying effect only on dispute onset and not on escalation to war."(512)-- What does this mean?)

        
Borders, Conflict, and Democracy
"democracy is most likely to take root when the threat of fighting wars on or near a state's home territory is low -- that is, when the territorial status quo of a state's borders is settled." (513)
- "States that experience external threats to their home territory are more likely to construct large militaries and to experience slower economic development, resulting in a relatively low cost of repression for the leite, as well as more intense redistributive pressures from the poor." (513)
- Stable borders --> econ growth, reducing diff b/w rich and poor, raising costs of repression, increasing mobility of capital, and rendering strategies of high taxation increasingly difficult. 514.

        
"Stated in terms of the developmental path of the state, peace, properly specified as a reduction in territorial threat, can lead to democracy because the international environment can affect directly (1) the incentives for and costs of repression and (2) the prospects for economic development and diversification." 516. 

        
"As neighbors experience fewer and fewer territorial issues, they are more likely to, first, have a peaceful relationship and, second, become more democratic." 516.

        
Only land borders are unstable. Focuses on geographic conditions that should promote unstable borders. Control for the overall capability distribution in the dyad because this often will determine the likelihood of border renegotiation. 517.

        

      },
	Author = {Gibler, Douglas M.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00462.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gibler - 2007 - Bordering on Peace Democracy, Territorial Issues, and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8833},
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	Number = {3},
	Pages = {509--532},
	Title = {{Bordering on Peace: Democracy, Territorial Issues, and Conflict}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00462.x}}

@article{rubin2006,
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@article{Aydin2008,
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@incollection{shinandpark2008,
	Address = {New York},
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	Chapter = {2},
	Editor = {Chu, Yun--Han and Diamond, Larry and Nathan, Andrew J and Shin, Chull Doh},
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@misc{geddes2010,
	Author = {Geddes, Barbara},
	Howpublished = {Paper presented at the Leitner Political Economy Seminar, Yale University, October 18, 2010; available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.yale.edu/leitner/resources/papers/Geddes2010.pdf\} (accessed on June 10, 2012).},
	Title = {{How the Military Shapes Dictatorships}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Garrido2011,
	Author = {Garrido, Samuel},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Garrido - 2011 - Governing scarcity. Water markets, equity and efficiency in pre-1950s eastern Spain.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {10739,Ostrom,acknowledgements,and the final version,calatayud and jes\'{u}s mill\'{a}n,efficiency,equity,funded by the spanish,innovation,irrigation communities,ministry of science and,provided valuable suggestions,salvador,spain,the research project eco2009-,this article stems from,water markets},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {513--534},
	Title = {{Governing scarcity. Water markets, equity and efficiency in pre-1950s eastern Spain}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/274},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/274}}

@book{krueger2007,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Krueger, Alan B},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Shorttitle = {What Makes a Terrorist},
	Title = {{What Makes a Terrorist: Economics and the Roots of Terrorism}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Hildebrandt2012,
	Author = {Hildebrandt, Timothy and Hillebrecht, Courtney and Holm, Peter M. and Pevehouse, Jon},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1743-8594.2012.00189.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hildebrandt et al. - 2012 - The Domestic Politics of Humanitarian Intervention Public Opinion, Partisanship, and Ideology.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {17438586},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy Analysis},
	Month = jun,
	Pages = {n/a--n/a},
	Title = {{The Domestic Politics of Humanitarian Intervention: Public Opinion, Partisanship, and Ideology}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2012.00189.x},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2012.00189.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2012.00189.x}}

@unpublished{gates2011,
	Annote = {Delivered at the United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, Friday, February 25, 2011; available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1539\}},
	Author = {Gates, Robert M},
	Title = {{Speech}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Alesina2000,
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and Dollar, David},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alesina, Dollar - 2000 - Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
	Keywords = {democracy,economic development,f35,foreign aid,jel classification,o1,political economy},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {33--63},
	Title = {{Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?}},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{feyramsay2011,
	Author = {Fey, Mark and Ramsay, Kristopher W},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00486.x},
	Issn = {1540-5907},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {149--169},
	Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc},
	Title = {{Uncertainty and Incentives in Crisis Bargaining: Game-Free Analysis of International Conflict}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00486.x}}

@book{blalock1979,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {jr. Blalock, Hubert M.,},
	Publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
	Title = {{Social Statistics}},
	Year = {1979}}

@article{Grieco2001,
	Abstract = {This article seeks to shed light on the problem of recurrent international conflicts. It does so by investigating the relative frequency of a particular class of such conflicts, those in which the challenger in a given conflict is the challenger in the next conflict involving the same two countries. I demonstrate that these "repetitive military challenges" constitute a significant majority of several types of recurrent conflicts. I also develop a Cox proportional hazards model of the risk that, after a given conflict, the defender is re-challenged by the original challenger, a conflict that is usually but not always a repetitive challenge. This analysis finds that a range of systemic, dyadic, and national conditions contribute to the risk of re-challenges. One key finding is that after low-severity conflicts, democratic defenders are at a greater risk than are nondemocratic defenders to be the victims of re-challenges.},
	Author = {Grieco, Joseph M},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Pages = {295--316},
	Title = {{Repetitive Military Challenges and Recurrent International Conflicts, 1918-1994}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{kleingoertzanddiehl2006,
	Author = {Klein, James and Goertz, Gary and Diehl, Paul},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {331--348},
	Title = {{The New Rivalry Dataset: Procedures and Patterns}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Kim1996,
	Author = {Kim, Soo Yeon and Russett, Bruce},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-10 08:40:59 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818300033531},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kim, Russett - 2009 - The new politics of voting alignments in the United Nations General Assembly.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {629},
	Title = {{The New Politics of Voting Alignments in the United Nations General Assembly}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300033531},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300033531}}

@book{montufar1887,
	Address = {Guatemala},
	Author = {Mont\'{u}far, Lorenzo},
	Publisher = {Tipografia ``La Union''},
	Title = {{Rese\~{n}a Hist\'{o}rica. Centro-America}},
	Volume = {Tomo Sexto},
	Year = {1887}}

@book{morgenthau1985,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Morgenthau, Hans J},
	Edition = {6th},
	Publisher = {Knopf},
	Title = {{Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace}},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Baldini2011,
	Abstract = {-},
	Author = {Baldini, Chiara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baldini - 2011 - Book review Fast Facts Rheumatoid Arthritis.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0392-856X},
	Journal = {Clinical and experimental rheumatology},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1063},
	Pmid = {22206651},
	Title = {{Book review: Fast Facts: Rheumatoid Arthritis.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22210688},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22210688}}

@article{montalvoandreynal-querol2005,
	Author = {Montalvo, Jos\'{e} G and Reynal-Querol, Marta},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {796--816},
	Title = {{Ethnic Polarization, Potential Conflict and Civil War}},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Gartzke2012,
	Annote = {Gartzke, E. 2012. Could climate change precipitate peace? Journal of Peace Research
        49 (1): 177--192.},
	Author = {Gartzke, E.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343311427342},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gartzke - 2012 - Could climate change precipitate peace.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {177--192},
	Title = {{Could climate change precipitate peace?}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311427342}}

@incollection{cha2005,
	Address = {Armonk, NY},
	Author = {Cha, Victor D},
	Booktitle = {\{K\}orean Attitudes Toward the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates: Changing Dynamics},
	Editor = {Steinberg, David I},
	Pages = {116--138},
	Publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanism and the U.S. Role in Inter-\{K\}orean Relations}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Schimmelfennig2005,
	Author = {Schimmelfennig, Frank},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818305050290},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schimmelfennig - 2005 - Strategic Calculation and International Socialization Membership Incentives, Party Constellations, and Sustained.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {827--860},
	Title = {{Strategic Calculation and International Socialization: Membership Incentives, Party Constellations, and Sustained Compliance in Central and Eastern Europe}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818305050290},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818305050290},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050290}}

@article{Aksoy2012,
	Author = {Aksoy, Deniz and Carter, David B. and Wright, Joseph},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381612000400},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Aksoy, Carter, Wright - 2012 - Terrorism In Dictatorships.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {810--826},
	Title = {{Terrorism In Dictatorships}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381612000400},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381612000400},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381612000400}}

@article{Drury1998,
	Author = {Drury, A. Cooper and Olson, Richard Stuart},
	Doi = {10.1111/1468-5973.00084},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Prospectus Writing/Sources/Drury and Olson 1998 Disasters and Political Unrest- An Empirical Investigation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0966-0879},
	Journal = {Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {153--161},
	Title = {{Disasters and Political Unrest: An Empirical Investigation}},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00084}}

@article{Schroeder2013,
	Author = {Schroeder, Paul},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schroeder - 1994 - Historical Reality vs. Neo-realist Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {108--148},
	Title = {{Historical Reality vs. Neo-realist Theory}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539150},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539150}}

@book{kochandpeden1946,
	Address = {New York},
	Editor = {Koch, Adrienne and Peden, William},
	Publisher = {Knopf},
	Title = {{The Selected Writings of John and John Quincy Adams}},
	Year = {1946}}

@article{gartonash2003,
	Author = {{Garton Ash}, Timothy},
	Journal = {New York Review of Books},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {XXX},
	Title = {{Anti-Europeanism in America}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Nelson2010,
	Author = {Nelson, Travis},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nelson - 2010 - When Disaster Strikes On the Relationship between Natural Disaster and Interstate Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Change, Peace \& Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {155--174},
	Title = {{When Disaster Strikes: On the Relationship between Natural Disaster and Interstate Conflict}},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{gartzke2007,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {166--191},
	Title = {{The Capitalist Peace}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Smith2004,
	Author = {Smith, Alastair and Stam, Allan},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002704268026},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Smith, Stam - 2004 - Bargaining and the Nature of War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {783--813},
	Title = {{Bargaining and the Nature of War}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002704268026},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002704268026},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002704268026}}

@article{Harun-Ar-Rashid2006,
	Abstract = {Health research in Bangladesh is increasing and hence there is a need to consider the ethical issues with regard such research. This paper describes the measures being taken in Bangladesh to address research ethics, such as the bioethics educational programmes and the ethics review committees functioning within the country. The role and work of the Central Ethics Review Committee and the regulatory guidelines are outlined. The paper also discusses the situation regarding research ethics within the South Asia region.},
	Author = {Harun-Ar-Rashid},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harun-Ar-Rashid - 2006 - Regional perspectives in research ethics a report from Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1020-3397},
	Journal = {Eastern Mediterranean health journal},
	Keywords = {Academies and Institutes,Academies and Institutes: organization \& administr,Bangladesh,Developing Countries,Drive,Education,Ethics,Ethics Committees,Guidelines as Topic,Health Services Needs and Demand,Human Experimentation,Human Experimentation: ethics,Humans,Medical,Medical: organization \& administration,Models,Organizational Objectives,Psychological,Regional Health Planning,Regional Health Planning: ethics,Regional Health Planning: organization \& administr,Research,Research: ethics,Research: organization \& administration},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {Supplement 1},
	Pages = {S66--72},
	Pmid = {17037691},
	Title = {{Regional perspectives in research ethics: a report from Bangladesh.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037691},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037691}}

@article{Croco2011,
	Author = {Croco, Sarah E.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055411000219},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Croco - 2011 - The Decider's Dilemma Leader Culpability, War Outcomes, and Domestic Punishment.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,Leaders},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,Leaders},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {457--477},
	Title = {{The Decider's Dilemma: Leader Culpability, War Outcomes, and Domestic Punishment}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055411000219},
	Volume = {105},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055411000219},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000219}}

@article{doyle1983a,
	Annote = {Part I},
	Author = {Doyle, Michael W},
	Journal = {Philosophy and Public Affairs},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {205--235},
	Title = {{Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{Goodhart2011a,
	Author = {Goodhart, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002238161000085X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Goodhart - 2011 - Democratic Accountability in Global Politics Norms, not Agents.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {45--60},
	Title = {{Democratic Accountability in Global Politics: Norms, not Agents}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002238161000085X},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002238161000085X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002238161000085X}}

@article{hermann1980,
	Author = {Hermann, Margaret G},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--46},
	Title = {{Explaining Foreign Policy Behavior Using the Personal Characteristics of Political Leaders}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {1980}}

@article{Bertocchi2010,
	Author = {Bertocchi, Graziella and Strozzi, Chiara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bertocchi, Strozzi - 2010 - The Evolution of Citizenship Economic and Institutional Determinants.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Law and Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {95--136},
	Title = {{The Evolution of Citizenship : Economic and Institutional Determinants}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{sylvanandmajeski2009,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Sylvan, David and Majeski, Stephen},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{U.S. Foreign Policy in Perspective: Clients, Enemies and Empire}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Barr2003,
	Author = {Barr, A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barr - 2003 - Trust and expected trustworthiness experimental evidence from Zimbabwean villages.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Economic Journal},
	Number = {489},
	Pages = {614--630},
	Title = {{Trust and expected trustworthiness: experimental evidence from Zimbabwean villages}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0297.t01-1-00150/full},
	Volume = {113},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0297.t01-1-00150/full}}

@article{Branch2011,
	Author = {Branch, Jordan},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000299},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Branch - 2011 - Mapping the Sovereign State Technology, Authority, and Systemic Change.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Norms},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {1--36},
	Title = {{Mapping the Sovereign State: Technology, Authority, and Systemic Change}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000299},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000299},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000299}}

@article{e-bdm2005,
	Author = {de Mesquita, Ethan},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {515--530},
	Title = {{The Quality of Terror}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{snyderbruckandsapin1962,
	Address = {New York},
	Editor = {Snyder, Richard Carlton and Bruck, H W and Sapin, Burton},
	Publisher = {Free Press of Glencoe},
	Title = {{Foreign Policy Decision-Making; An Approach to the Study of International Politics}},
	Year = {1962}}

@incollection{Hensel2012,
	Address = {Lanham},
	Author = {Hensel, Paul R.},
	Booktitle = {What Do We Know About War?},
	Editor = {Vasquez, John},
	Pages = {3--26},
	Publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers, Inc.},
	Title = {{Territory: Geography, Contentious Issues, and World Politics}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Milner2005,
	Author = {Milner, H},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milner - 2005 - Globalization, Development, and International Institutions Normative and Positive Perspectives.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {833--854},
	Title = {{Globalization, Development, and International Institutions: Normative and Positive Perspectives}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=357442},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=357442}}

@article{Moravcsik2009,
	Author = {Moravcsik, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818300001387},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moravcsik - 1991 - Negotiating the Single European Act national interests and conventional statecraft in the European Community.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818300},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {19--56},
	Title = {{Negotiating the Single European Act: national interests and conventional statecraft in the European Community}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300001387},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {1991},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300001387},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001387}}

@book{therneauandgrambsch2000,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Therneau, Terry M and Grambsch, Patricia M},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {{Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Pevehouse2002,
	Author = {Pevehouse, Jon C.},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081802760199872},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pevehouse - 2002 - Democracy from the Outside-In International Organizations and Democratization.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {515--549},
	Title = {{Democracy from the Outside-In? International Organizations and Democratization}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818302441781},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818302441781},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081802760199872}}

@article{mor1991,
	Author = {Mor, Ben D},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {359--375},
	Title = {{Nasser's Decision-Making in the 1967 Middel East Crisis: A Rational Choice Explanation}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{W.Abbott2000a,
	Author = {{W. Abbott}, Kenneth and Snidal, Duncan},
	Issn = {1531-5088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Language = {English},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {421--456},
	Title = {{Hard and Soft Law in International Governance}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300441111},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300441111}}

@incollection{pipes2002,
	Address = {Stanford, CA},
	Author = {Pipes, Daniel},
	Booktitle = {Our Brave New World: Essays on the Impact of September 11},
	Editor = {Pleszczynski, Wladyslaw},
	Pages = {41--61},
	Publisher = {Hoover Institution Press},
	Title = {{A New Round of Anger and Humiliation: Islam after 9/11}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Palmer2002,
	Author = {Palmer, Glenn and Wohlander, Scott B. and Morgan, T. Clifton},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343302039001001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/FP Substitutability/Palmer et al 2002 Give or Take- Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy Substitutability.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
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	Title = {{Give or Take: Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy Substitutability}},
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@article{Cunningham2013,
	Annote = {- Combines interstate and civil wars to study onset, duration, and outcome in order to draw more general conclusions about war. Example: instead of saying "civil wars are unlikely to be resolved without external guarantees," we might be able to say "conflicts in which combatants have high levels of mistrust are unlikely to be resolved without external guarantees." (614)
- They use a monadic design for interstate war in order to make it comparable to intrastate war. },
	Author = {Cunningham, David E. and Lemke, Douglas},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818313000167},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cunningham, Lemke - 2013 - Combining Civil and Interstate Wars.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818313000},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {609--627},
	Title = {{Combining Civil and Interstate Wars}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818313000167},
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	Year = {2013},
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@article{Walt1992,
	Annote = {Why do revolutionary states fight foreign wars almost immediately after gaining power? Are revolutionary regimes inherengtly aggressive, or are they simply victims of other powers? Is relationship between war and revolution spurious?
Revolutions cause war by increasing the level of threat between the revolutionary state and its rivals and by encouraging both sides to view the use of force as an effective way to eliminate the threat. Balance of threat; states balance against threatening states: those with greater offensive capability and those with aggressive intentions.
Revolutionary states are more prone to spiral because other states have little/no experience dealing with them; because the leaders of the revolutionary movement will be wary of other foreign powers that have committed past wrongs against the country; because elites may gain from exploiting foreign threat to gain nationalist support. },
	Author = {Walt, Stephen M.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Walt - 1992 - Revolution and War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
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@article{Bond2007,
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	Journal = {International Security},
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@article{cameron1978,
	Author = {Cameron, David R},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
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@article{Pevehouse2006,
	Annote = {Pevehouse, Jon and Bruce Russett. 2006. "Democratic International Governmental Organizations Promote Peace." International Organization 60: 969-1000. 
- Offers three theoretical processes through which IGOs populated largely by democratic states are likely to encourage peace, independently of the state-level effects of democracy.  To-date, studies show conflicting findings pertaining to IGOs. 3 other interpretations: realism is right; peace-inducing effects obscured by possibility that they may reflect existing conflicts or stimulate new ones; type of IO may matter - military, political, economic, social. 

        
Theory: Densely Democratic IGOs
Theoretical position looks at IGOs in terms of the states that compose them. Densely democratic. Hypothesize that IGOs should interact with democracy to more effectively reduce risk of MID b/w members than other kinds of IGOs. 3 mechanisms: 
1. credible commitment - IGOs help ameliorate the turnover problem in democracies. Also helps stop autocratic backsliding. 
2. dispute settlement - democracies more likely to use adjudicative and arbitration measures. value added on 976. can help prevent liberalizing regimes from spurring nationalism --> Hungary
3. socialization - 978

        
Results: democratic IGOs matter; institutional density b/w states doesn't matter; democratic IGOs serve as instruments to enhance the effects of democracy.

        
DQ: Some theories of the democratic peace argue that the mechanism through which the democratic peace operates is liberalism. According to this view, democratic states will fight nondemocracies and not other democracies not because of the constraining power of institutions necessarily, but because there is a normative distinction made between democracy/autocracy. In thinking about the Pevehouse and Russett article, what if joining a highly democratic IGO is one way for states to gain the benefits of the democratic peace without having to change their domestic institutions? In other words, the democratic states in an organization might see the act of joining a deeply democratic IGO by a nondemocratic member as signal of commitment to liberal values. },
	Author = {Pevehouse, Jon and Russett, Bruce},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pevehouse, Russett - 2006 - Democratic International Governmental Organizations Promote Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Pages = {969--1000},
	Title = {{Democratic International Governmental Organizations Promote Peace}},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2006}}

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@book{Claude,
	Annote = {Collective security (CS) is goal of move toward IO
- definition: "the principle that, in the relations of states, everyone is his brother's keeper; it is an international translation of the slogan, 'one for all and all for one'; it is the proposition that aggressive and unlawful use of force by any nation against any nation will be met by the comined force of all other nations" (224)
- CS is often misused. It is NOT an alliance.
- If US likes it, it's CS. If not, it's not.
- For ex., Eisenhower espoused contradictory views at various points
- We must know what causes war in order for CS to succeed, but these causes are multiple. This does not invalidate CS, though. 
- CS is based on a threat.
- CS fails if blame is not clear and states do not behave rationally. It is a deterrent. 

        
Rests on two sets of requirements:
1. Subjective requirements: commitment to peace by states. View that peace is indivisible. Interdependence. Chamberlain went back and forth. Loyalty to the world community. People must see the general interest of the world as being in their own interest. Collective must be greater than national. Commitment to deterrent must be perfectly credible. This requires an international authority. Peace must take precedence over justice. CS is directed against aggression, alliances are against power. 

        
2. Objective Requirements - a considerable diffusion of power, and universal membership. Also requires partial disarmament. CS is circular: requires disarming, but states won't do this until CS is realized. States must also lack economic self-sufficiency. 

        
These subjective and objective requirements have never been realized. League had balance of power, but not universal membership. UN has opposite problem. NATO is some for some. 

        
Uniting for Peace - GA takes on security issues.UFP is deficient in that it is big, slow, only makes recommendations, too diffuse, gives no certain deterrent. It is oriented toward CS, but not operational. It is dead. 

        
UN and League failed for objective and subjective reasons (people did not develop universal identity)},
	Author = {Claude, Inis},
	Title = {{Swords into Plowshares}}}

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	Author = {Aguiar-Conraria, Lu\'{\i}s and Magalh\~{a}es, Pedro C. and Soares, Maria Joana},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00566.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Aguiar-Conraria, Magalh\~{a}es, Soares - 2012 - Cycles in Politics Wavelet Analysis of Political Time Series.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {500--518},
	Title = {{Cycles in Politics: Wavelet Analysis of Political Time Series}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00566.x},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00566.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00566.x}}

@book{copeland2000,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Copeland, Dale C},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{The Origins of Major War}},
	Year = {2000}}

@book{MacDonald2013,
	Author = {MacDonald, Paul K.},
	Booktitle = {International Organization},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818313000027},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/MacDonald - 2013 - ``Retribution Must Succeed Rebellion'' The Colonial Origins of Counterinsurgency Failure.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818313000},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {253--286},
	Title = {{``Retribution Must Succeed Rebellion'': The Colonial Origins of Counterinsurgency Failure}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818313000027},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818313000027},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000027}}

@article{shear2010,
	Author = {Shear, Michael D},
	Journal = {Washington Post},
	Pages = {available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp}},
	Title = {{White House Hints It Might Cancel Obama Meeting with Afghan President Next Month}},
	Volume = {7 April 20},
	Year = {2010}}

@incollection{Alam2005,
	Address = {Bangkok},
	Author = {Alam, S. M. Nazul},
	Booktitle = {Integrated Tropical Coastal Zone Management: Application and Practices in Asia},
	Editor = {Andong, Rebeca F. and Ikejima, Kou and Boromthanarat and Pederson, Ole},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alam - 2005 - Shrimp-Based Farming Systems in the Southwestern Coastal Zone of Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {disease,economics,paddy farming,small-scale shrimp aquaculture},
	Number = {August},
	Pages = {75--90},
	Publisher = {Asian Institute of Technology},
	Title = {{Shrimp-Based Farming Systems in the Southwestern Coastal Zone of Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Regan2000,
	Author = {Regan, Patrick M.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002700044001005},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/FP Substitutability/Regan 2000 Substituting Policies during U.S. Interventions in Internal Conflicts- A Little of This, a Little of That.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {90--106},
	Title = {{Substituting Policies during U.S. Interventions in Internal Conflicts: A Little of This, a Little of That}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002700044001005}}

@unpublished{baer2000,
	Annote = {ICPSR Summer Program},
	Author = {Baer, Douglas},
	Title = {{Latent Variable Structural Equation Models}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Barkin2013,
	Author = {Barkin, J Samuel},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barkin - 2013 - Discounting the Discount Rate Ecocentrism and Environmental Economics Discounting the Discount Rate Ecocentrism and En.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {56--72},
	Title = {{Discounting the Discount Rate : Ecocentrism and Environmental Economics Discounting the Discount Rate : Ecocentrism and Environmental}},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{weeks2008,
	Author = {Weeks, Jessica L},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {35--64},
	Title = {{Autocratic Audience Costs: Regime Type and Signaling Resolve}},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{gall2007,
	Author = {Gall, Sandy},
	Journal = {The Guardian},
	Pages = {\~{}available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/}},
	Title = {{Mohammad Zahir Shah: The Last King of Afghanistan, a Patriotic but Indecisive Leader}},
	Volume = {23 July 20},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Adger2002a,
	Abstract = {We argue that all aspects of demographic change, including migration, impact on the social resilience of individuals and communities, as well as on the sustainability of the underlying resource base. Social resilience is the ability to cope with and adapt to environmental and social change mediated through appropriate institutions. We investigate one aspect of the relationship between demographic change, social resilience, and sustainable development in contemporary coastal Vietnam: the effects of migration and remittances on resource-dependent communities in population source areas. We find, using longitudinal data on livelihood sources, that emigration and remittances have offsetting effects on resilience within an evolving social and political context. Emigration is occurring concurrently with, not driving, the expansion of unsustainable coastal aquaculture. Increasing economic inequality also undermines social resilience. At the same time diversification and increasing income levels are beneficial for resilience.},
	Author = {Adger, W Neil and Kelly, P Mick and Winkels, Alexandra and Huy, Luong Quang and Locke, Catherine},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adger et al. - 2002 - Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Ambio},
	Keywords = {Animals,Aquaculture,Conservation of Natural Resources,Demography,Emigration and Immigration,Humans,Income,Social Conditions,Vietnam},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {358--366},
	Pmid = {12174607},
	Title = {{Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174607},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174607}}

@book{Milner1997,
	Address = {Princeton},
	Author = {Milner, Helen V.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milner - 1997 - Interests, Institutions, and Information Domestic Politics and Information.pdf:pdf},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Interests, Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and Information}},
	Year = {1997}}

@misc{polityIV2010,
	Author = {{Polity IV Project}},
	Howpublished = {Center for Systemic Peace, available at $\backslash$url\{www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm\}},
	Title = {{Polity \{IV\} Dataset, version p4v2010}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Dreher2012,
	Author = {Dreher, Axel and Gassebner, Martin},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000094},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dreher, Gassebner - 2012 - Do IMF and World Bank Programs Induce Government Crises An Empirical Analysis.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs and Domestic Politics,IPE,International Finance},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs and Domestic Politics,IPE,International Finance},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {329--358},
	Title = {{Do IMF and World Bank Programs Induce Government Crises? An Empirical Analysis}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000094},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000094},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000094}}

@article{jhee2008,
	Author = {Jhee, Byong--Kuen},
	Journal = {Political Science Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {301--318},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanism and Electoral Politics in \{K\}orea}},
	Volume = {123},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{lynch2003,
	Author = {Lynch, Marc},
	Journal = {Politics \& Society},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {55--91},
	Title = {{Beyond the Arab Street: Iraq and the Arab Public Sphere}},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Ray1989a,
	Author = {Ray, James Lee},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ray - 1989 - The Abolition of Slavery and the End of International War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {405--439},
	Title = {{The Abolition of Slavery and the End of International War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2706653},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2706653}}

@article{Schultz2012,
	Author = {Schultz, Kenneth a.},
	Doi = {10.1080/09636412.2012.706475},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schultz - 2012 - Why We Needed Audience Costs and What We Need Now.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0963-6412},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {369--375},
	Title = {{Why We Needed Audience Costs and What We Need Now}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09636412.2012.706475},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09636412.2012.706475},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2012.706475}}

@article{Maoz2009,
	Author = {Maoz, Zeev},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00367.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Maoz - 2009 - The Effects of Strategic and Economic Interdependence on International Conflict Across Levels of Analysis.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {IPE,Trade and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,Trade and Conflict},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {223--240},
	Title = {{The Effects of Strategic and Economic Interdependence on International Conflict Across Levels of Analysis}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00367.x},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00367.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00367.x}}

@article{economist2003,
	Author = {Economist},
	Journal = {The Economist},
	Pages = {\~{}available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.economist.com/node/1}},
	Title = {{The Bumpy Road Ahead: Roh \{M\}oo--\{H\}yun, To Be Inaugurated on \{F\}ebruary 25th, Can Expect No Honeymoon}},
	Volume = {23 Februar},
	Year = {2003}}

@incollection{bethell1991,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Cardoso, Ciro F S},
	Booktitle = {Central America since Independence},
	Chapter = {2},
	Editor = {Bethell, Leslie},
	Pages = {37--68},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The Liberal era, $\backslash$textit\{c.\} 1870 -- 1930}},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{ayish2001,
	Author = {Ayish, Muhammed I},
	Journal = {Transnational Broadcasting Journal},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {$\backslash$href\{http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Spring01/}},
	Title = {{American--Style Journalism and Arab World television: An Explanatory Study of News Selection at Six Arab World Satellite Television Channels}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Anderson2004,
	Author = {Anderson, Lisa R and Mellor, Jennifer M and Milyo, Jeffrey},
	Doi = {10.1257/0002828041302082},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anderson, Mellor, Milyo - 2004 - Social Capital and Contributions in a Public-Goods Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0002-8282},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Month = may,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {373--376},
	Title = {{Social Capital and Contributions in a Public-Goods Experiment}},
	Url = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0002828041302082},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0002828041302082},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302082}}

@article{Shapiro2007,
	Annote = {Reason that terrorist organizations are underfunded is that middlemen skim off funds but terrorist leaders still have to give enough to prevent middlemen from defecting to government, which can offer bribes and immunity.},
	Author = {Shapiro, Jacob N and Siegel, David A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Shapiro, Siegel - 2007 - Underfunding in Terrorist Organizations.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {405--429},
	Title = {{Underfunding in Terrorist Organizations}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00457.x/full},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00457.x/full}}

@techreport{Morris2013,
	Author = {Morris, Tim},
	Institution = {2013 UK Stata Users Group},
	Title = {{Multiple Imputation of Covariates in the Presence of Interactions and Nonlinearities}},
	Year = {2013}}

@unpublished{bermanandlaitin2006,
	Annote = {Paper available at $\backslash$url\{http://econ.ucsd.edu/\~{}elib/Hardtargets.pdf\}},
	Author = {Berman, Eli and Laitin, David D},
	Shorttitle = {Hard Targets},
	Title = {{Hard Targets: Theory and Evidence on Suicide Attacks}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Roy2011,
	Abstract = {Objectives This study sought to increase government, civil society and media attention to the tobacco-poverty connection in Bangladesh, particularly as it relates to bidi-dependent livelihoods. Data sources This study consisted of a literature review that examined the socioeconomic impacts of tobacco farming, the working conditions of tobacco workers and the impact of tobacco on consumers, and a primary research study among bidi workers and users. The research included in-depth and semistructured interviews and focus group discussions among bidi workers and a closed-ended quantitative survey among bidi users. Data synthesis Most bidi worker families earn about \$6.40 per 7-day work week, leaving them below the poverty line. The majority of bidi workers are women and children, classified as unpaid assistants, who toil long hours in toxic environments. Bidi users are primarily low-income earners who spend up to 10\% of their daily income on bidis; the average proportion of income spent on bidis decreased as income increased. If bidi expenditures were reduced and spent instead on food or local transportation, many higher value jobs could be created. This could also mean better health and nutrition for those currently engaged in bidi work. Conclusions The results of this study illustrate the linkages between tobacco and poverty. Tobacco control is not simply about health and the environment, but also about the living conditions of the poorest of the poor. If we are to improve the lives of the poor, we must address the root causes of poverty, which include the production and use of tobacco.},
	Author = {Roy, Anupom and Efroymson, Debra and Jones, Lori and Ahmed, Saifuddin and Arafat, Islam and Sarker, Rashmi and Fitzgerald, Sian},
	Doi = {10.1136/tc.2011.043000},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Roy et al. - 2011 - Gainfully employed An inquiry into bidi-dependent livelihoods in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1468-3318},
	Journal = {Tobacco control},
	Month = jul,
	Pages = {1--6},
	Pmid = {21775505},
	Title = {{Gainfully employed? An inquiry into bidi-dependent livelihoods in Bangladesh.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21775505},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21775505},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2011.043000}}

@article{Prugl2011,
	Author = {Pr\"{u}gl, Elisabeth},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1743923X10000619},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pr\"{u}gl - 2011 - Feminist International Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1743-923X},
	Journal = {Politics \& Gender},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {111--116},
	Title = {{Feminist International Relations}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S1743923X10000619},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S1743923X10000619},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X10000619}}

@article{schweller1994,
	Author = {Schweller, Randall L},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {72--107},
	Title = {{Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Beyers2005,
	Author = {Beyers, Jan},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818305050319},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Beyers - 2005 - Multiple Embeddedness and Socialization in Europe The Case of Council Officials.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {899--936},
	Title = {{Multiple Embeddedness and Socialization in Europe: The Case of Council Officials}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818305050319},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818305050319},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050319}}

@article{Koch2010,
	Author = {Koch, Michael T. and Sullivan, Patricia},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381610000058},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Koch, Sullivan - 2010 - Should I Stay or Should I Go Now Partisanship, Approval, and the Duration of Major Power Democratic Military Int.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {616--629},
	Title = {{Should I Stay or Should I Go Now? Partisanship, Approval, and the Duration of Major Power Democratic Military Interventions}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381610000058},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381610000058},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000058}}

@incollection{peiaminandgarz2006,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Author = {Pei, Minxin and Amin, Samia and Garz, Seth},
	Booktitle = {Nation-Building beyond Afghanistan and Iraq},
	Chapter = {3},
	Editor = {Fukuyama, Francis},
	Pages = {64--85},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Building Nations: The American Experience}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Brancati2007,
	Author = {Brancati, Dawn},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002707305234},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Prospectus Writing/Sources/Brancati 2007 Political Aftershocks- The Impact of Earthquakes on Intrastate Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022002707305},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {715--743},
	Title = {{Political Aftershocks: The Impact of Earthquakes on Intrastate Conflict}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002707305234}}

@unpublished{Gleditsch2011,
	Author = {Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede and Hug, Simon and Schubiger, Livia Isabella and Wucherpfennig, Julian},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch et al. - 2011 - International Conventions and Non-State Actors Selection , Signaling , and Reputation Effects ∗.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{International Conventions and Non-State Actors : Selection , Signaling , and Reputation Effects ∗}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Mukherjee2010,
	Author = {Mukherjee, Bumba and Singer, David Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00417.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mukherjee, Singer - 2010 - International Institutions and Domestic Compensation The IMF and the Politics of Capital Account Liberalizati.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {45--60},
	Title = {{International Institutions and Domestic Compensation: The IMF and the Politics of Capital Account Liberalization}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00417.x},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00417.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00417.x}}

@article{morganandanderson1999,
	Author = {Morgan, Clifton T and Anderson, Christopher J},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {799--814},
	Title = {{Domestic Support and Diversionary External Conflict in Great Britain, 1950--1992}},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {1999}}

@book{gupta1990,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Gupta, Dipak K},
	Publisher = {Praeger},
	Title = {{The Economics of Political Violence; The Effect of Political Instability on Economic Growth}},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{Milner2013,
	Author = {Milner, Helen},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milner - 2013 - The assumption of anarchy in relations theory international a critique.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {67--85},
	Title = {{The assumption of anarchy in relations theory : international a critique *}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Lake2002,
	Author = {Lake, David A.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lake - 2002 - Rational Extremism Understanding Terrorism in the Twenty-first Century.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Dialog-IO},
	Pages = {15--29},
	Title = {{Rational Extremism: Understanding Terrorism in the Twenty-first Century}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=149064},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=149064}}

@book{harrell2001,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Harrell, Frank E., Jr.},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {{Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis}},
	Year = {2001}}

@book{Jenson,
	Author = {Jenson, Jane},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jenson - 2010 - Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9781849290234},
	Title = {{Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion}},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{Hopf2013,
	Author = {Hopf, Ted},
	Booktitle = {International Organization},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818313000040},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hopf - 2013 - Common-sense Constructivism and Hegemony in World Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818313000},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Keywords = {Norms,Theory},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Norms,Theory},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {317--354},
	Title = {{Common-sense Constructivism and Hegemony in World Politics}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818313000040},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818313000040},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000040}}

@article{shanker2010a,
	Author = {Shanker, Thom},
	Journal = {New York Times},
	Pages = {A10},
	Title = {{Top U.S. Commander Sees Progress in Afghanistan}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Kuo2007,
	Author = {Kuo, Alexander G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kuo - 2007 - Attributing Blame The Public's Response to Hurricane Katrina.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {Disasters and Incumbent Punishment},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Disasters and Incumbent Punishment},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--16},
	Title = {{Attributing Blame: The Public's Response to Hurricane Katrina}},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Schultz2010,
	Author = {Schultz, Kenneth a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000032},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schultz - 2010 - The Enforcement Problem in Coercive Bargaining Interstate Conflict over Rebel Support in Civil Wars.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Civil War,War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War,War},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {281},
	Title = {{The Enforcement Problem in Coercive Bargaining: Interstate Conflict over Rebel Support in Civil Wars}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000032},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000032},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000032}}

@article{wilkenfeld1968,
	Author = {Wilkenfeld, Jonathan},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {56--69},
	Title = {{Domestic and Foreign Conflict Behavior of Nations}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {1968}}

@book{armymanual2007,
	Address = {Chicago, IL},
	Author = {{U.S. Army/Marine Corps}},
	Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{Counterinsurgency Field Manual}},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{wintrobe1998,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Wintrobe, Ronald},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of Dictatorship}},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Wendt1994,
	Author = {Wendt, Alexander},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wendt - 1994 - Collective Identity Formation and the International State.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {384--396},
	Title = {{Collective Identity Formation and the International State}},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{liandreuveny2003,
	Author = {Li, Quan and Reuveny, Rafael},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--54},
	Title = {{Economic Globalization and Democracy: An Empirical Analysis}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Publications2013a,
	Author = {Publications, Sage},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Publications - 2013 - Peace by Empire Conflict Outcomes and International.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {227--241},
	Title = {{Peace by Empire ? Conflict Outcomes and International}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Pelissero1992a,
	Author = {Downs, George W. and Rocke, David M.},
	Doi = {10.2307/419585},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Downs, Rocke - 1994 - Conflict, Agency, and Gambling for Resurrection The Principal-Agent Problem Goes to War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {10490965},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {362--380},
	Title = {{Conflict, Agency, and Gambling for Resurrection: The Principal-Agent Problem Goes to War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/419585?origin=crossref},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/419585?origin=crossref},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419585}}

@article{Karreth2012,
	Author = {Karreth, Johannes and Tir, Jaroslav},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381612000898},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Karreth, Tir - 2012 - International Institutions and Civil War Prevention.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {96--109},
	Title = {{International Institutions and Civil War Prevention}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381612000898},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381612000898},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381612000898}}

@book{scott1990,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {Scott, James C},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts}},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{colvin2005,
	Author = {Colvin, Joe},
	Journal = {Nuclear Plant Journal},
	Number = {January/February},
	Pages = {42--46},
	Title = {{Dawn of a New Era}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{Kelman2012,
	Address = {Abingdon, U.K.},
	Author = {Kelman, Ilan},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Disaster Diplomacy: How Disasters Affect Peace and Conflict}},
	Year = {2012}}

@incollection{yan2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Yan, Yunxiang},
	Booktitle = {Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World},
	Chapter = {1},
	Editor = {Berger, Peter L and Huntington, Samuel P},
	Pages = {19--47},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Managed Globalization: State Power and Cultural Transistion in China}},
	Year = {2002}}

@book{allison2002,
	Address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	Author = {Allison, Paul D},
	Publisher = {Sage},
	Series = {Sage University Papers Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, 07-136.},
	Title = {{Missing Data}},
	Year = {2002}}

@unpublished{Ratner2010a,
	Author = {Ratner, B D and Meinzen-Dick, R and May, C and Haglund, E},
	Number = {100},
	Title = {{Resource Conflict, Collective Action, and Resilience: An Analytical Framework}},
	Url = {http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/7072},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/7072}}

@book{Tsebelis2001,
	Author = {Tsebelis, George and Garrett, Geoffrey},
	Booktitle = {International Organization},
	Doi = {10.1162/00208180151140603},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tsebelis, Garrett - 2001 - The Institutional Foundations of Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism in the European Union.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818301441},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {357--390},
	Title = {{The Institutional Foundations of Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism in the European Union}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830144135X},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081830144135X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00208180151140603}}

@article{okane1983,
	Author = {O'Kane, Rosemary H T},
	Journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
	Pages = {27--44},
	Title = {{Towards and Examination of the General Causes of Coups d'\'{E}tat}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{Echegaray2011,
	Author = {Echegaray, Esther Pascua},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Echegaray - 2011 - Communities and sustainability in medieval and early modern Aragon, 1200-1600.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,animal husbandry,aragon,collective action,common land,confraternities,guilds,natural resources,pasture,rural communities,sheep},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {535--556},
	Title = {{Communities and sustainability in medieval and early modern Aragon, 1200-1600}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/304},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/304}}

@book{russett1963,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Russett, Bruce M},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {{Community and Contention: Britain and America in the Twentieth Century}},
	Year = {1963}}

@article{Starr2000,
	Author = {Starr, Harvey},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002700044001007},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/FP Substitutability/Starr 2000 Substitutability in Foreign Policy- Theoretically Central, Empirically Elusive.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {128--138},
	Title = {{Substitutability in Foreign Policy: Theoretically Central, Empirically Elusive}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002700044001007}}

@article{biglaiserandderouen2007,
	Author = {Biglaiser, Glen and DeRouen, Karl},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {835--854},
	Title = {{Following the Flag: Troop Deployment and U.S. Foreign Direct Investment}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@incollection{Singer1972,
	Address = {Beverly Hills},
	Author = {Singer, J. David and Bremer, Stuart and {John Stuckey}},
	Booktitle = {Peace, War, and Numbers},
	Editor = {Russett, Bruce},
	Pages = {19--48},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {{Capability Distribution, Uncertainty, and Major Power War, 1820-1965}},
	Year = {1972}}

@article{Boucoyannis2007,
	Author = {Boucoyannis, Deborah},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1537592707072180},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Boucoyannis - 2007 - The International Wanderings of a Liberal Idea, or Why Liberals Can Learn to Stop Worrying and Love the Balance of.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1537-5927},
	Journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {703--727},
	Title = {{The International Wanderings of a Liberal Idea, or Why Liberals Can Learn to Stop Worrying and Love the Balance of Power}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S1537592707072180},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S1537592707072180},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1537592707072180}}

@article{Pl2008,
	Author = {Pl\"{u}mper, T and Troeger, VE},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pl\"{u}mper, Troeger - 2008 - Fear of Floating and the External Effects of Currency Unions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {656--676},
	Title = {{Fear of Floating and the External Effects of Currency Unions}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00335.x/full},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00335.x/full}}

@book{vasquez1993,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Vasquez, John},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The War Puzzle}},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Frieden2001,
	Author = {Frieden, Jeffry and Martin, LL},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Frieden, Martin - 2001 - International Political Economy The state of the sub-discipline.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {\ldots , MA, Department of \ldots},
	Pages = {1--53},
	Title = {{International Political Economy: The state of the sub-discipline}},
	Url = {http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/jrv24/frieden\&martin2002.pdf},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/jrv24/frieden%5C&martin2002.pdf}}

@book{lentz2002,
	Address = {Jefferson, NC},
	Author = {Lentz, Harris M},
	Publisher = {McFarland},
	Title = {{Assassinations and Executions: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence, 1900 through 2000}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{gill1999,
	Author = {Gill, Jeff},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {647--674},
	Title = {{The Insignificance of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {1999}}

@unpublished{Gartzke2006a,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik and Nordstrom, Timothy and Boehmer, Charles and Hewitt, Joseph},
	Institution = {Columbia University},
	Title = {{Peace by the Numbers: Disaggregating IGOs in Time and Space}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{gartzkeandsimon1999,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik and Simon, Michael W},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {777--798},
	Title = {{Hot Hand: A Critical Analysis of Enduring Rivalries}},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{sargan1958,
	Author = {Sargan, J D},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {393--415},
	Title = {{The Estimation of Economic Relationships using Instrumental Variables}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {1958}}

@article{Jervis,
	Annote = {Misperception: ``Inaccurate inferences, miscalculations of consequences, and misjudgments about how others will react to one's policies'' (675). Focuses on misperceptions of intentions of potential adversaries. 
Not true that every war involves a misperception. Country might value fighting; Considerations of honor, domestic politics, or int'l reputation. Also, judgments are always probabilistic. 
Because a state which finds the status quo intolerable or thinks it can be preserved only by fighting can be driven to act despite an unfavorable assessment of the balance of forces, it is neither surprising nor evidence of misperception that those who start wars often lose them. (679). 
Methodological problems: 
1. Judged in terms of outcomes or processes? 
2. PS does not study peaceful interaction as much, so we don't know what role misperception plays there. 
3. Are perceptions accurate? First, how do we know what perceptions of a statesmen are? Second, how to compare with reality? 

        
Models of conflict: 
1. Wars can occur if aggressors underestimate the willingness of status quo powers to fight (WWII model) 
2. Wars can also result if two states exaggerate each other's hostility when their differences are in fact bridgeable (WWI model or spiral model). 

        
States are more likely to overestimate the hostility of others than to underestimate it. 
``Whether a commitment -- and indeed any message -- is perceived as intended (or perceived at all) depends not only on its clarity and plausibility, but also on how it fits with the recipient's cognitive predispositions. Messages which are inconsistent with a person's beliefs about international politics and other actors are not likely to be perceived the way the sender intended.'' (Does the nomological question apply here?) 
Crisis instability \`{a} perceptions create their own reality. 
1. b/c status quo forms most reference points, people are willing to take risks to recoup recent losses. 
2. If a statesman thinks that war is nearly certain, he may decide to strike since that is his best option. 

        
Conclusion: Although war can occur in the absence of misperception, in fact misperception almost always accompanies it.  To say that misperceptions are common is not to specify their content. Wars are especially likely to occur when a state simultaneously underestimates an adversary's strength and exaggerates its hostility. Objective analyses of the int'l system which are so popular among political scientists are not likely to provide a complete explanation for the outbreak of most wars. },
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	Title = {{War and Misperception}}}

@article{Hensel2001,
	Author = {Hensel, Paul R.},
	Doi = {10.1111/0020-8833.00183},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hensel - 2001 - Contentious Issues and World Politics The Management of Territorial Claims in the Americas, 1816-1992.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {81--109},
	Title = {{Contentious Issues and World Politics: The Management of Territorial Claims in the Americas, 1816-1992}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/0020-8833.00183},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/0020-8833.00183},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00183}}

@book{wasserman2004,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Wasserman, Larry},
	Publisher = {Springer},
	Title = {{All of Statistics: A Concise Course in Statistical Inference}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Myers2002,
	Abstract = {There is a new phenomenon in the global arena: environmental refugees. These are people who can no longer gain a secure livelihood in their homelands because of drought, soil erosion, desertification, deforestation and other environmental problems, together with the associated problems of population pressures and profound poverty. In their desperation, these people feel they have no alternative but to seek sanctuary elsewhere, however hazardous the attempt. Not all of them have fled their countries, many being internally displaced. But all have abandoned their homelands on a semi-permanent if not permanent basis, with little hope of a foreseeable return. In 1995, environmental refugees totalled at least 25 million people, compared with 27 million traditional refugees (people fleeing political oppression, religious persecution and ethnic troubles). The total number of environmental refugees could well double by the year 2010, and increase steadily for a good while thereafter as growing numbers of impoverished people press ever harder on overloaded environments. When global warming takes hold, there could be as many as 200 million people overtaken by sea-level rise and coastal flooding, by disruptions of monsoon systems and other rainfall regimes, and by droughts of unprecedented severity and duration.},
	Author = {Myers, Norman},
	Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2001.0953},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Myers - 2002 - Environmental refugees a growing phenomenon of the 21st century.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0962-8436},
	Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London},
	Keywords = {Disasters,Emigration and Immigration,Emigration and Immigration: trends,Environment,Haiti,Population Dynamics,Public Policy,Refugees},
	Month = apr,
	Pages = {609--13},
	Pmid = {12028796},
	Title = {{Environmental refugees: a growing phenomenon of the 21st century.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1692964\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {357},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1692964%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0953}}

@article{fearon1997,
	Author = {Fearon, James D},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {68--90},
	Title = {{Signaling Foreign Policy Interests: Tying Hands Versus Sinking Costs}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Morrow1993,
	Author = {Morrow, James D.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morrow - 1993 - Arms Versus Allies Trade-Offs in the Search for Security.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {207--233},
	Title = {{Arms Versus Allies: Trade-Offs in the Search for Security}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2706889},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2706889}}

@book{blainey1988,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Blainey, Geoffrey},
	Edition = {third},
	Publisher = {The Free Press},
	Title = {{The Causes of War}},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Hathaway2012,
	Author = {Hathaway, OA and Crootof, Rebecca and Levitz, Philip},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hathaway, Crootof, Levitz - 2012 - The Law of Cyber-Attack.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {California Law Review},
	Pages = {1--76},
	Title = {{The Law of Cyber-Attack}},
	Url = {http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/cglc/LawOfCyberAttack.pdf},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/cglc/LawOfCyberAttack.pdf}}

@article{Horowitz2010,
	Author = {Horowitz, Michael C.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309990233},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Horowitz - 2010 - Nonstate Actors and the Diffusion of Innovations The Case of Suicide Terrorism.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Terrorism},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Terrorism},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {33},
	Title = {{Nonstate Actors and the Diffusion of Innovations: The Case of Suicide Terrorism}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990233},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309990233},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309990233}}

@incollection{linz1964,
	Address = {Helsinki},
	Author = {Linz, Juan J},
	Booktitle = {Cleavages, Ideologies, and Party Systems: Contributions to Comparative Political Sociology},
	Editor = {Allardt, Erik and Littunen, Yrjo},
	Pages = {291--341},
	Publisher = {Academic Bookstore},
	Title = {{An Authoritarian Regime: Spain}},
	Year = {1964}}

@incollection{cheibubandprzeworski1999,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Cheibub, Jos\'{e} Antonio and Przeworski, Adam},
	Booktitle = {Democracy, Accountability, and Representation},
	Editor = {Przeworski, Adam and Stokes, Susan C and Manin, Bernard},
	Pages = {222--249},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Democracy, Elections, and Accountability for Economic Outcomes}},
	Year = {1999}}

@book{bloom2005,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Bloom, Mia},
	Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	Shorttitle = {Dying to Kill},
	Title = {{Dying to Kill: The Allure of Suicide Terror}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Naoi2011,
	Author = {Naoi, Megumi and Kume, Ikuo},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818311000221},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Naoi, Kume - 2011 - Explaining Mass Support for Agricultural Protectionism Evidence from a Survey Experiment During the Global Recession.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,IPE,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,IPE,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {771--795},
	Title = {{Explaining Mass Support for Agricultural Protectionism: Evidence from a Survey Experiment During the Global Recession}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000221},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818311000221},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000221}}

@article{bakerandoneal2001,
	Author = {Baker, William D and Oneal, John R},
	Journal = {J\{ournal of Conflict Resolution\}},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {661--687},
	Title = {{Patriotism or Opinion Leadership? The Nature and Origins of the ``Rally 'round the Flag'' Effect}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{amemiya-78,
	Author = {Amemiya, Takeshi},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1193--1205},
	Title = {{The Estimation of a Simultaneous Equation Generalized Probit Model}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {1978}}

@book{shin2010,
	Address = {Stanford, CA},
	Author = {Shin, Gi--Wook},
	Publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	Title = {{One Alliance, Two Lenses: U.S.--\{K\}orea Relations in a New Era}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Blaydes2013,
	Author = {Blaydes, Lisa and Chaney, Eric},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000561},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Blaydes, Chaney - 2013 - The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise Political Divergence of the Christian West and the Muslim World before.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {International System},
	Mendeley-Tags = {International System},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {16--34},
	Title = {{The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise: Political Divergence of the Christian West and the Muslim World before 1500 CE}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055412000561},
	Volume = {107},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055412000561},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000561}}

@article{Lonergan1998,
	Abstract = {This article answers a series of questions about the role of environmental degradation in population displacement, refugee movement, and migration. The environment tends not to be included in the reasons for migration. Roger's indicators of migration potential include population growth, economic restructuring, increased economic disparities, and increased refugee flows. Myers (1993) estimated that international displacement and internal displacement may amount to about 25 million and may rise to 150 million by 2050. The role of the environment in displacement must be examined in the broader political and cultural context. Definitions of environmental refugees are ambiguous and inconsistent, and research has not answered why people continue to move to Mexico City and Chongqing, China, which both have very high levels of pollution. El-Hinnawi (1985) defined 3 groups of environmental refugees: those displaced due to natural disasters; those displaced due to permanent habitat changes; and those displaced who migrated from areas that cannot support their basic needs and who desire an improved quality of life. Lonergan (1994) identified environmental stresses as natural disasters, cumulative or slow-onset changes, accidental disruptions or industrial accidents, development projects, and conflict and warfare. These 5 causes must be treated separately and not lumped together as environmental degradation. Shoreline erosion, coastal flooding, and agricultural disruption associated with climate change may increase migration. Global measures must address world poverty and promote sustainable development.},
	Author = {Lonergan, S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lonergan - 1998 - The Role of Environmental Degradation in Population Displacement.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1091-9988},
	Journal = {Environmental Change and Security Project report},
	Keywords = {Demography,Emigration and Immigration,Environment,Health Planning Guidelines,Population,Population Dynamics,Public Policy,Refugees,Transients and Migrants},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {5--15},
	Pmid = {12321719},
	Title = {{The Role of Environmental Degradation in Population Displacement}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12321719},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12321719}}

@book{huntington1968,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {Huntington, Samuel P},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{Political Order in Changing Societies}},
	Year = {1968}}

@article{Johnston2005,
	Author = {Johnston, Alastair Iain},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818305050344},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Johnston - 2005 - Conclusions and Extensions Toward Mid-Range Theorizing and Beyond Europe.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1013--1044},
	Title = {{Conclusions and Extensions: Toward Mid-Range Theorizing and Beyond Europe}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818305050344},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818305050344},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050344}}

@article{Glaeser2000,
	Author = {Glaeser, Edward L. and Laibson, David I. and Scheinkman, Jose A. and Soutter, Christine L.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Glaeser et al. - 2000 - Measuring Trust.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {811--846},
	Title = {{Measuring Trust}},
	Volume = {115},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Douglas2010,
	Author = {Lubell, M and Henry, AD and McCoy, M},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lubell, Henry, McCoy - 2010 - Collaborative institutions in an ecology of games.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political \ldots},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {287--300},
	Title = {{Collaborative institutions in an ecology of games}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00431.x/full},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00431.x/full}}

@book{jamal2012,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Jamal, Amaney A},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Shorttitle = {Of Empires and Citizens},
	Title = {{Of Empires and Citizens: Pro-American Democracy or No Democracy at All?}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Claude1966,
	Abstract = {My thesis is that the function of collective legitmization is one of the most significant elements in the pattern of political activity that the United Nations has evolved in response to the set of limitations and possibilities posed by the political realities of our time. 373.},
	Author = {Claude, Inis},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {legitimacy},
	Pages = {367--379},
	Title = {{Collective Legitimization as a Political Function of the United Nations}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1966}}

@article{Waltz1988,
	Annote = {Fearon, James D. 2009. Rationalist explanations for war. International Organization
        49 (03): 379.
Fey, Mark, and Kristopher W. Ramsay. 2011. Uncertainty and Incentives in Crisis Bargaining: Game-Free Analysis of International Conflict. American Journal of Political Science
        55 (1): 149--169.
Waltz, Kenneth N. 1988. The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory. Journal of Interdisciplinary History
        18 (4): 615.},
	Author = {Waltz, Kenneth N.},
	Doi = {10.2307/204817},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Waltz - 1988 - The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00221953},
	Journal = {Journal of Interdisciplinary History},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {615--628},
	Title = {{The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/204817?origin=crossref},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/204817?origin=crossref},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204817}}

@article{jamesandoneal1991,
	Author = {James, Patrick and Oneal, John R},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {307--322},
	Title = {{The Influence of Domestic and International Politics on the President's Use of Force}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1991}}

@book{El-Hinnawi1985,
	Address = {Nairobi, Kenya},
	Author = {El-Hinnawi, E.},
	Publisher = {United Nations Environmental Programme},
	Title = {{Environmental Refugees}},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Weinstein2008,
	Author = {Humphreys, M and Weinstein, JM},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Humphreys, Weinstein - 2008 - Who Fights The Determinants of Participation in Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political \ldots},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {436--455},
	Title = {{Who Fights? The Determinants of Participation in Civil War}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00322.x/full},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00322.x/full}}

@book{leites1951,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Leites, Nathan},
	Publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
	Title = {{The Operational Code of the Politburo}},
	Year = {1951}}

@article{Walter2004,
	Abstract = {This article attempts to explain why some countries experience civil wars while others do not. It argues that renewed war is likely to have less to do with the attributes of a previous war, as many people have argued, than with current incentives individual citizens have to rejoin a rebel group. Civil wars will have little chance to get off the ground unless individual farmers, shopkeepers, and potential workers choose to enlist in the rebel armies that are necessary to pursue a war, and enlistment is only likely to be attractive when two conditions hold. The first is a situation of individual hardship or severe dissatisfaction with one's current situation. The second is the absence of any nonviolent means for change. An analysis of all civil wars ending between 1945 and 1996 suggests that a higher quality of life and greater access to political participation have a significant negative effect on the likelihood of renewed war. Countries that provide higher levels of economic well-being to their citizenry and create an open political system are less likely to experience multiple civil wars regardless of what happened in a previous conflict.},
	Author = {Walter, Barbara F},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343304043775},
	Issn = {00223433},
	Journal = {Journal Of Peace Research},
	Pages = {371--388},
	Title = {{Does Conflict Beget Conflict? Explaining Recurring Civil War}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343304043775}}

@article{Bechtel2010,
	Author = {Bechtel, Michael M. and Schneider, Gerald},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000019},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bechtel, Schneider - 2010 - Eliciting Substance from `Hot Air' Financial Market Responses to EU Summit Decisions on European Defense.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,IOs,International Finance},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,IOs,International Finance},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {199},
	Title = {{Eliciting Substance from `Hot Air': Financial Market Responses to EU Summit Decisions on European Defense}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000019},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000019},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000019}}

@book{nye2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {{Nye Joseph S.}, Jr.},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{The Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone}},
	Year = {2002}}

@techreport{UN2011,
	Annote = {Look at pages 179-180, around there},
	Author = {UN},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/UN - 2011 - Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development An International Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division},
	Title = {{Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development: An International Perspective}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{bergereasterlynunnandsatyanath2013,
	Author = {Berger, Daniel and Easterly, William and Nunn, Nathan and Satyanath, Shanker},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {863--896},
	Title = {{Commercial Imperialism? Political Influence and Trade During the Cold War}},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2013}}

@book{gamez1889,
	Address = {Managua, Nicarague},
	Author = {G\'{a}mez, Jos\'{e} Dolores},
	Publisher = {Tipografia de ``El Pais''},
	Title = {{Historia de Nicaragua}},
	Year = {1889}}

@article{yazid2013,
	Author = {Yazid, Mohd and Mat, Noor},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics and Law},
	Number = {4},
	Title = {{Malaysia-Indonesia Relations before and after 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability}},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2013}}

@misc{UN2011a,
	Annote = {Look at pages 179-180, around there},
	Author = {UN},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/UN - 2011 - Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development An International Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development: An International Perspective}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Moravcsik1999,
	Author = {Moravcsik, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081899550887},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moravcsik - 1999 - A New Statecraft Supranational Entrepreneurs and International Cooperation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {267--306},
	Title = {{A New Statecraft? Supranational Entrepreneurs and International Cooperation}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818399440706},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818399440706},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081899550887}}

@book{mernissi2002,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Mernissi, Fatema},
	Edition = {2nd},
	Publisher = {Perseus Publishing},
	Title = {{Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{bdmandsiverson1997,
	Author = {{Bueno de Mesquita}, Bruce and Siverson, Randolph M},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {175--199},
	Title = {{Nasty or Nice? Political Systems, Endogenous Norms and the Treatment of Adversaries}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1997}}

@book{belseykuhandwelsch1980,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Belsey, David A and Kuh, Edwin and Welsch, Roy E},
	Publisher = {Wiley},
	Title = {{Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity}},
	Year = {1980}}

@article{Levy2004,
	Author = {Levy, Jack S. and Mabe, William F. Mabe},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levy, Mabe - 2004 - Politically Motivated Opposition to War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {65--83},
	Title = {{Politically Motivated Opposition to War}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1521-9488.2004.00450.x/full},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1521-9488.2004.00450.x/full}}

@article{Rogowski2002,
	Author = {Rogowski, R and Kayser, MA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rogowski, Kayser - 2002 - Majoritarian Electoral Systems and Consumer Power Price-Level Evidence from the OECD Countries.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {526--539},
	Title = {{Majoritarian Electoral Systems and Consumer Power: Price-Level Evidence from the OECD Countries}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3088397},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3088397}}

@article{Kelley2008,
	Annote = {Kelley, Judith. 2008. ``Assessing the Complex Evolution of Norms: The Rise of International Election Monitoring.'' International Organization 62: 221-55. 
- why did election monitoring spread so quickly? Why didn't it accompany wave of democratization in 1970s? why do countries invite monitors and then cheat? 
- the norm is ultimately for states to mature out of the practice. 
- uses Finnemore/Sikkink life cycle model. 
- Emergence: three important principles -- self-determination, free expression, genuine and periodic elections. 
-``Although a purely incentive-based analysis might be able to account for the pattern of the spread of election monitoring, for example, it misses the normative bases behind the incentives and perhaps how the shift in the international system shaped both the norms and the incentive system that led to this pattern.'' 251 
- proponents of monitoring specifically used the language of human rights and democracy norms when creating new institutions for election monitoring. 241. 
The emergence of election monitoring was thus enabled by a set of norms rooted in self-determination, and by the principles of freedom of expression and participatory rights. Moreover, election monitoring emerged out of an intensive debate that specifically pitted democracy and human norms against traditional sovereignty norms. 242. 
The timing of the breakthrough of election monitoring therefore depended both on the preexisting normative environment and on the shift in norms, power, and priorities brought by the end of the Cold War. It is because both of these factors were important that international election monitoring did not emerge in the mid-1970s although a wave of democratic transitions began occurring then. 246. 
Thus, election monitoring spread rapidly because the desire for legitimacy drove a set of honest governments to invite monitors in the early 1990s. Combined with increased use of democratic conditionality by external actors, this led to a situation where even many cheating governments had an incentive to invite monitors to avoid a definite stamp of illegitimacy. 249. },
	Author = {Kelley, Judith},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kelley - 2008 - Assessing the Complex Evolution of Norms The Rise of International Election Monitoring.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Pages = {221--255},
	Title = {{Assessing the Complex Evolution of Norms: The Rise of International Election Monitoring}},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Kahneman1979,
	Author = {Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Methods Courses/Game Theory/Kahneman and Tversky 199 Prospect Theory- An Analysis of Decision under Risk.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {263--292},
	Title = {{Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1979}}

@article{Hill2010,
	Author = {Hill, Daniel W.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381610000599},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hill - 2010 - Estimating the Effects of Human Rights Treaties on State Behavior.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1161--1174},
	Title = {{Estimating the Effects of Human Rights Treaties on State Behavior}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381610000599},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381610000599},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000599}}

@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011a,
	Abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
	Address = {London},
	Author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
	Booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
	Pages = {1--16},
	Publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
	Title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
	Url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mendeley.com}}

@article{Bennett1997,
	Author = {Bennett, D Scott},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bennett - 1997 - Democracy, regime change , and rivalry termination.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {369--397},
	Title = {{Democracy, regime change , and rivalry termination}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629708434898},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629708434898}}

@article{Burley1993,
	Author = {Burley, AMS},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Burley - 1993 - International Law and International Relations Theory A Dual Agenda.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Journal of International Law},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {205--239},
	Title = {{International Law and International Relations Theory: A Dual Agenda}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2203817},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2203817}}

@article{powell2006,
	Author = {Powell, Robert},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {Winter},
	Pages = {169--203},
	Title = {{War as a Commitment Problem}},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Naved2005,
	Abstract = {Using data from a population-based survey of 2,702 women of reproductive age and from 28 in-depth interviews of abused women conducted during 2000-01, this study explores factors associated with domestic violence in urban and rural Bangladesh. Multilevel analysis revealed that in both residential areas, dowry or other demands in marriage and a history of abuse of the husband's mother by his father increased the risk of violence. Better spousal communication and husband's education beyond the tenth grade decreased the risk of violence. In the urban area, women's being younger than their husband and participating in savings and credit groups increased the risk of abuse, whereas husband's education beyond the sixth grade had a protective effect. In the rural area, women's earning an income increased the risk. These factors are important to consider when designing interventions.},
	Author = {Naved, Ruchira Tabassum and Persson, Lars Ake},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Naved, Persson - 2005 - Factors associated with spousal physical violence against women in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0039-3665},
	Journal = {Studies in family planning},
	Keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Bangladesh,Bangladesh: epidemiology,Female,Humans,Middle Aged,Risk Factors,Rural Population,Socioeconomic Factors,Spouse Abuse,Urban Population,Women's Health},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {289--300},
	Pmid = {16395946},
	Title = {{Factors associated with spousal physical violence against women in Bangladesh.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16395946},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16395946}}

@article{smith2003,
	Author = {Smith, Alastair},
	Journal = {British Journal of Poltical Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {397--418},
	Title = {{Election Timing in Majoritarian Parliaments}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Sullivan2011,
	Author = {Sullivan, Patricia L. and Tessman, Brock F. and Li, Xiaojun},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1743-8594.2011.00138.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/FP Substitutability/Sullivan et al 2011.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {17438586},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy Analysis},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {275--294},
	Title = {{US Military Aid and Recipient State Cooperation}},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2011.00138.x}}

@article{Walter2009,
	Author = {Walter, Barbara F.},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.101405.135301},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Walter - 2009 - Bargaining Failures and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1094-2939},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {conflict,negotiation,war duration,war onset,war resolution},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {243--261},
	Title = {{Bargaining Failures and Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.101405.135301},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.101405.135301},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.101405.135301}}

@book{fiorina1981,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {Fiorina, Morris P},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{Retrospective Voting in American National Elections}},
	Year = {1981}}

@article{mearsheimer2002,
	Author = {Mearsheimer, John J},
	Journal = {The National Interest},
	Pages = {13--16},
	Title = {{Hearts and Minds}},
	Volume = {Issue 69},
	Year = {2002}}

@book{hobbes1996,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Hobbes, Thomas},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Leviathan}}}

@article{achen2005,
	Author = {Achen, Christopher H},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {327--339},
	Title = {{Let's Put Garbage-Can Regressions and Garbage-Can Probits Where They Belong}},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{desch2008,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Author = {Desch, Michael C},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Power and Military Effectiveness: The Fallacy of Democratic Triumphalism}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Barber2003,
	Author = {Barber, Jennifer S and Biddlecom, Ann E and Axinn, William G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barber, Biddlecom, Axinn - 2003 - Neighborhood Social Change and Perceptions of Environmental Degradation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population and Environment},
	Keywords = {environmental degradation,neighborhood,nepal,perceptions,social change},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {77--108},
	Title = {{Neighborhood Social Change and Perceptions of Environmental Degradation}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{gelpiandgriesdorf2001,
	Author = {Gelpi, Christopher and Griesdorf, Michael},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
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	Pages = {633--647},
	Title = {{Winners or Losers? Democracies in International Crisis, 1918-94}},
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@incollection{moon2005,
	Address = {Armonk, NY},
	Author = {Moon, Chung-In},
	Booktitle = {\{K\}orean Attitudes Toward the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates: Changing Dynamics},
	Chapter = {9},
	Editor = {Steinberg, David I},
	Pages = {139--152},
	Publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
	Title = {{Between $\backslash$emph\{Banmi\} (Anti-\{A\}mericanism) and $\backslash$emph\{Sungmi\} (Worship of the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates): Dynamics of Changing \{U.S.\} Images in \{S\}outh \{K\}orea}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Jervis1978,
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
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	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {167--214},
	Title = {{Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0043887100016191},
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@book{Guzman2008,
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	Title = {{How International Law Works: A Rational Choice Theory}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Whitten2011,
	Author = {Whitten, Guy D. and Williams, Laron K.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00479.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Whitten, Williams - 2011 - Buttery Guns and Welfare Hawks The Politics of Defense Spending in Advanced Industrial Democracies.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {117--134},
	Title = {{Buttery Guns and Welfare Hawks: The Politics of Defense Spending in Advanced Industrial Democracies}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00479.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00479.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00479.x}}

@incollection{chiozza2007,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Chiozza, Giacomo},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Chapter = {4},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {93--126},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Disaggregating Anti-\{A\}mericanism: An Analysis of Individual Attitudes towards the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Gent2011,
	Author = {Gent, Stephen E. and Shannon, Megan},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002711408012},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gent, Shannon - 2011 - Decision Control and the Pursuit of Binding Conflict Management Choosing the Ties that Bind.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
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	Month = may,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {710--734},
	Title = {{Decision Control and the Pursuit of Binding Conflict Management: Choosing the Ties that Bind}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002711408012},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
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	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002711408012}}

@misc{bennettandstam2001,
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@article{Slantchev2007,
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	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {755--771},
	Title = {{The Armed Peace: A Punctuated Equilibrium Theory of War}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{carterandsignorino2010,
	Author = {Carter, David B and Signorino, Curtis S},
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@article{Reuveny2007,
	Annote = {Notes that people are less likely to "exit" when people have no substitutes or when loyalty is high (657). Loyalty --> social cohesion? 

        
Network, pull, and push. 

        
Four channels through which migration can cause conflict (and may act concurrently):
1. Competition over resources in receiving area.
2. Ethnic tension
3. Distrust b/w sending/receiving states.
4. Existing socioeconomic fault lines (rural/urban, pastoralists/resident farmers)

        
Development/stability in receiving state affects likelihood of conflict. 

        
Abstract: In a world of rising sea levels and melting glaciers, climate change is most likely occurring but withuncertain overall effects. I argue that we can predict the effects of climate change on migration by explor- ing the effects of environmental problems on migration in recent decades. People can adapt to these prob- lems by staying in place and doing nothing, staying in place and mitigating the problems, or leaving the affected areas. The choice between these options will depend on the extent of problems and mitigation capabilities. People living in lesser developed countries may be more likely to leave affected areas, which may cause conflict in receiving areas. My findings support this theory, and suggest certain policy impli- cations for climate change.},
	Author = {Reuveny, R},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.05.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reuveny - 2007 - Climate Change-induced Migration and Violent Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {climate change,conflict,migration},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {656--673},
	Title = {{Climate Change-induced Migration and Violent Conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000601},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000601},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.05.001}}

@article{Anthony2011,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anthony, Campbell - 2011 - States, social capital and cooperation looking back on'Governing the Commons'.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgements,all errors are our,collective goods,cooperation,earlier version of the,editors for,helpful comments on an,internet,manuscript,own,social capital,states,the anonymous reviewers and,we wish to thank},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {284--302},
	Title = {{States, social capital and cooperation: looking back on'Governing the Commons'}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/250},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/250}}

@article{tarar2006,
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	Number = {1},
	Pages = {169--188},
	Title = {{Diversionary Incentives and the Bargaining Approach to War}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Massey1990a,
	Author = {Massey, Douglas S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey - 1990 - Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population Index},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--26},
	Title = {{Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{signorinoandritter1999,
	Author = {Signorino, Curtis S and Ritter, Jeffrey M},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {115--144},
	Title = {{Tau--b or Not Tau--b: Measuring the Similarity of Foreign Policy Positions}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Nardulli2013,
	Author = {Nardulli, P. F. and Peyton, B. and Bajjalieh, J.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002713503809},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Prospectus Writing/Sources/Nardulli et al 2013 Climate Change and Civil Unrest.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = sep,
	Title = {{Climate Change and Civil Unrest: The Impact of Rapid-onset Disasters}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002713503809},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002713503809},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002713503809}}

@article{Kimhi2004,
	Author = {Kimhi, Shaul and Shamai, Michal},
	Doi = {10.1002/jcop.20012},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kimhi, Shamai - 2004 - Community resilience and the impact of stress Adult response to Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0090-4392},
	Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {439--451},
	Title = {{Community resilience and the impact of stress: Adult response to Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcop.20012},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcop.20012},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20012}}

@article{Imai2010,
	Author = {Imai, Kosuke and Yamamoto, Teppei},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00446.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Imai, Yamamoto - 2010 - Causal Inference with Differential Measurement Error Nonparametric Identification and Sensitivity Analysis.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {543--560},
	Title = {{Causal Inference with Differential Measurement Error: Nonparametric Identification and Sensitivity Analysis}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00446.x},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00446.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00446.x}}

@article{Fearon2010,
	Author = {Fearon, James D.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1752971910000126},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon - 2010 - Comments on R. Harrison Wagner's War and the State The Theory of International Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1752-9719},
	Journal = {International Theory},
	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {333--342},
	Title = {{Comments on R. Harrison Wagner's War and the State: The Theory of International Politics}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S1752971910000126},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S1752971910000126},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1752971910000126}}

@article{Fearon2009b,
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        55 (1): 149--169.
Waltz, Kenneth N. 1988. The Origins of War in Neorealist Theory. Journal of Interdisciplinary History
        18 (4): 615.},
	Author = {Fearon, James D.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818300033324},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon - 1995 - Rationalist Explanations for War(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {379--414},
	Title = {{Rationalist Explanations for War}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300033324}}

@article{Ramsay2004,
	Author = {Ramsay, Kristopher W.},
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ramsay - 2004 - Politics at the Water's Edge Crisis Bargaining and Electoral Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00220027},
	Journal = {The Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {459--486},
	Title = {{Politics at the Water's Edge: Crisis Bargaining and Electoral Competition}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002704266156},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002704266156},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002704266156}}

@book{trinquier1964,
	Address = {Westport, CT},
	Author = {Trinquier, Roger},
	Publisher = {Praeger Security International},
	Title = {{Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency}},
	Year = {1964}}

@article{Hetherington2011,
	Author = {Hetherington, Marc and Suhay, Elizabeth},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00514.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hetherington, Suhay - 2011 - Authoritarianism, Threat, and Americans' Support for the War on Terror.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {546--560},
	Title = {{Authoritarianism, Threat, and Americans' Support for the War on Terror}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00514.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00514.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00514.x}}

@article{Adger2002,
	Abstract = {We argue that all aspects of demographic change, including migration, impact on the social resilience of individuals and communities, as well as on the sustainability of the underlying resource base. Social resilience is the ability to cope with and adapt to environmental and social change mediated through appropriate institutions. We investigate one aspect of the relationship between demographic change, social resilience, and sustainable development in contemporary coastal Vietnam: the effects of migration and remittances on resource-dependent communities in population source areas. We find, using longitudinal data on livelihood sources, that emigration and remittances have offsetting effects on resilience within an evolving social and political context. Emigration is occurring concurrently with, not driving, the expansion of unsustainable coastal aquaculture. Increasing economic inequality also undermines social resilience. At the same time diversification and increasing income levels are beneficial for resilience.},
	Author = {Adger, W Neil and Kelly, P Mick and Winkels, Alexandra and Huy, Luong Quang and Locke, Catherine},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adger et al. - 2002 - Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0044-7447},
	Journal = {Ambio},
	Keywords = {Animals,Aquaculture,Conservation of Natural Resources,Demography,Emigration and Immigration,Humans,Income,Social Conditions,Vietnam},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {358--66},
	Pmid = {12174607},
	Title = {{Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174607},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174607}}

@article{doyle1986,
	Author = {Doyle, Michael W},
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	Title = {{Liberalism and World Politics}},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {1986}}

@unpublished{Coleman2010,
	Author = {Coleman, Eric A and Lopez, Maria-Claudia},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coleman, Lopez - 2010 - Reconstructing Cooperation from Civil Conflict Experimental Evidence from Colombian Development Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {colombia,community-driven reconstruction,desarrollo y,development aid,evaluaci,experiment,for the report,l,laboratorios de paz,los programas paz y,on de impacto de,the data used for,this paper was collected},
	Title = {{Reconstructing Cooperation from Civil Conflict : Experimental Evidence from Colombian Development Policy}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Kelley2008a,
	Author = {Kelley, Judith},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080089},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kelley - 2008 - Assessing the Complex Evolution of Norms The Rise of International Election Monitoring(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IR and Domestic Politics,Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IR and Domestic Politics,Norms},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Title = {{Assessing the Complex Evolution of Norms: The Rise of International Election Monitoring}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080089},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080089},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080089}}

@article{deudneyandikenberry1999,
	Author = {Deudney, Daniel and Ikenberry, G John},
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	Pages = {179--196},
	Title = {{The Nature and Sources of Liberal International Order}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Comfort2000,
	Author = {Comfort, Louise K},
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	Journal = {Cambridge Review of International Studies},
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	Pages = {277--294},
	Title = {{Disaster: Agent of Diplomacy or Change in International Affairs?}},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Grossman1994,
	Author = {Grossman, GM and Helpman, E},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Grossman, Helpman - 1994 - Protection for Sale.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {833--850},
	Title = {{Protection for Sale}},
	Url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w4149},
	Volume = {84},
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	Journal = {The American Economist},
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	Title = {{Economic Theory and the Interpretation of GATT/WTO}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25604252},
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@book{telhami2002,
	Address = {Boulder, CO},
	Author = {Telhami, Shibley},
	Publisher = {Westview},
	Title = {{The Stakes: America and the Middle East. The Consequence of Power and the Choice for Peace}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Fortna2003,
	Annote = {Fortna, Virginia Page. 2003. ``Scraps of Paper? Agreements and the Durability of Peace'' International Organization 57: 337-372.

        
- Duration of peace after international wars ending b/w 1946 and 1997
- Do DMZs, peacekeeping missions, dispute resolution procedures, and formal agreements work?
- Mechanisms within agreements can make durable peace more likely by changing the incentives to break a cease-fire, by reducing uncertainty about actions and intentions, and by preventing accidental violations from triggering another round of fighting. --> the content of cease-fire agreements should therefore matter. 
- Measures such as withdrawal of forces, creation of demilitarized zones, formal cease-fire agreements, peacekeeping, third-party guarantees, and dispute resolution procedures should help foster peace that lasts.
	- she notes the potential endogeneity problem here. (p. 339)
- Defines peace as the absence of war. 

        
Cooperation Theory and Agreements
Cease-fire agreements (CFA) can foster cooperation by changing the incentives to break a cease-fire, by reducing uncertainty about actions and intentions, and by preventing accidental violations from triggering another round of fighting. Three assumptions: states are rationally led (leaders consider costs/benefits, they can make mistakes, but do not act randomly; not necessarily unitary - domestic matters); war is costly (states would prefer to reach the outcome of war w/out having to fight it); each ex-belligerent has incentives to take advantage of its opponent, or good reason to fear its opponent's intentions (both parties are unsatisfied with outcome of war). CFA rely on reciprocity and mutual deterrence. For these 2 things to work: costs of reinitiating must outweigh incentives to attack; both sides must be reassured about the other's intentions; accidents must be prevented. CFA can have three types of strategies: 

        
1. Altering incentives - might imposing physical restraints on self (withdrawal); might be signing int'l law -- not binding but may prevent them from receiving aid, legitimizes retaliation by the other side in event of breach; may turn to third parties.
2. Reducing Uncertainty About Actions and Intentions - specifying terms of agreement; prevents misunderstandings; third-party can provide a more credible perspective on "who started it"; the physical constraints, audience costs, and third-party guarantees that change incentives also reduce uncertainty. 2 possible causal pathways: mechanisms influence peace directly by constraining states, or indirect through signaling intentions. signals are only credible if costly. 
3. Controlling Accidents : can prevent fluke accidents in chain of command from escalating. 
Theory is an institutionalist argument about mechanisms to overcome the obstacles to cooperation.
The three mechanisms are self-reinforcing in many ways. 
Measures: withdrawal of forces, est. of DMZs, arms control, measures to control rogue groups, 3rd party involvement, peacekeeping, confidence-building measures, dispute resolution procedures, the specificity of agreements, and whether agreements are formal or tacit. "Strength of agreement" refers to the \# and extent of the measures implemented as part of a cease-fire. Varies from none to very strong. Peace should last longer the stronger the agreement implemented. 

        
Political content of agreement should also make a difference. Counter argument - "scraps of paper" - Fortna controls for: whether victory was decisive; cost of war; history of conflict; territory; contiguity; changes in relative military capabilities; joint democracy; 2 or more states?. 

        
Uses a hazard/survival model. (Weibull model)(348). 48 cease-fire cases, with a total of 876 observations when years are taken into account. 
Findings: Wars that end in a tie are much more likely to be repeated; more costly wars have more durable peace; peace more fragile for belligerents with bad histories; wars over territory not more significantly likely to resume; contiguity does increase likelihood of fighting again but not stat sig. 
Strongest agreements perform better than weak agreements. DMZs help foster peace. Measures to control rogue groups don't matter. Effect of 3rd parties depends on level of involvement. 
	DQ: Fortna says that the effect of 3rd parties on the durability of peace is contingent on the level of involvement. I wonder if there is a way to measure the "independence" of third parties involved in mediating cease-fires to see if this has an effect on the durability of peace. Maybe we would find that peace is more or less likely to break down when 3rd parties have interests that are much more similar to one of the belligerents than the other. 
New peacekeeping missions are quite effective (even if not armed).
In sum, arms control, 3rd party mediation, and attempts to control irregular forces have not helped maintain peace, and may in face be associated with especially fragile peace. Confidence-building measures, formalizing an agreement, and withdrawal of forces may help, but the evidence to support their role is unclear. The most effective tools for maintaining peace in the aftermath of war are demilitarized zones, explicit third-party guarantees, peacekeeping, joint commissions for dispute resolution, and making the cease-fire specific. 

      },
	Author = {Fortna, Virginia Page},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818303572046},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fortna - 2003 - Scraps of Paper Agreements and the Durability of Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {337--372},
	Title = {{Scraps of Paper? Agreements and the Durability of Peace}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818303572046}}

@article{petersongraham2011,
	Author = {Peterson, Timothy and Graham, Leah},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {248--273},
	Title = {{Shared Human Rights Norms and Military Conflict}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Bardsley2010,
	Abstract = {The implications of environmental change for migration are little understood. Migration as a response to climate change could be seen as a failure of in situ adaptation methods, or migration could be alternatively perceived as a rational component of creative adaptation to environmental risk. This paper frames migration as part of an adaptation response to climate change impacts to natural resource condition and environmental hazards. Thresholds will be reached by communities after which migration will become a vital component of an effective adaptation response. Such changes to migration patterns have the potential to undermine migration policy unless appropriate preparations are undertaken. This paper describes an approach to assist researchers to frame how climate change will influence migration by critically analysing how thresholds of fundamental change to migration patterns could be identified, primarily in relation to two case studies in Nepal and Thailand. Future policy for internal and international migration could be guided by the analysis of such thresholds of non-linear migration and resourced effectively to ensure that socio-economic and humanitarian outcomes are maximised.},
	Author = {Bardsley, Douglas K. and Hugo, Graeme J.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bardsley, Hugo - 2010 - Migration and Climate Change Examining Thresholds of Change to Guide Effective Adaptation Decision-making.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0199-0039},
	Journal = {Population and Environment},
	Keywords = {migration \'{a} climate change,risk \'{a} nepal \'{a},thailand,\'{a} adaptation \'{a} thresholds,\'{a} environmental},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {2-3},
	Pages = {238--262},
	Title = {{Migration and Climate Change: Examining Thresholds of Change to Guide Effective Adaptation Decision-making}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9}}

@article{atran2006,
	Author = {Atran, Scott},
	Journal = {Washington Quarterly},
	Number = {Spring},
	Pages = {127--147},
	Title = {{The Moral Logic and Growth of Suicide Terrorism}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{pape2005,
	Author = {Pape, Robert A},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Summer},
	Pages = {7--45},
	Title = {{Soft Balancing against the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Schachter1982a,
	Author = {Schachter, Joseph and Althaus, Paul G},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schachter, Althaus - 1982 - Neighborhood Quality and Climate as Factors in U.S. Net Migration Patterns, 1974-76.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Economics and Sociology},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {387--400},
	Title = {{Neighborhood Quality and Climate as Factors in U.S. Net Migration Patterns, 1974-76}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1982},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x}}

@article{Morrow2009,
	Author = {Morrow, James D.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818300028241},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morrow - 1994 - Modeling the forms of international cooperation distribution versus information.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818300},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {387--423},
	Title = {{Modeling the forms of international cooperation: distribution versus information}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300028241},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300028241},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028241}}

@book{sater1986,
	Address = {Lincoln, NE},
	Author = {Sater, William F},
	Publisher = {University of Nebraska Press},
	Title = {{Chile and the War of the Pacific}},
	Year = {1986}}

@article{Rajulton2006,
	Author = {Rajulton, Fernando and Ravanera, Zenaida R. and Beaujot, Roderic},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rajulton, Ravanera, Beaujot - 2006 - Measuring Social Cohesion An Experiment using the Canadian National Survey of Giving, Volunteering,.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0303-8300},
	Journal = {Social Indicators Research},
	Keywords = {a moral phenomenon which,does not lend itself,latent scores,modeling,national survey of giving,social cohesion,social solidarity is completely,structural equation,taken by itself,to exact observation and,volunteering and participating},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {461--492},
	Title = {{Measuring Social Cohesion: An Experiment using the Canadian National Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1}}

@article{alesinaditellamacCulloch2004,
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and {Di Tella}, Rafael and MacCulloch, Robert},
	Journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
	Number = {5--6},
	Pages = {2009--2042},
	Title = {{Inequality and Happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?}},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{cheibubgandhiandvreeland2010,
	Author = {Cheibub, Jos\'{e} Antonio and Gandhi, Jennifer and Vreeland, James Raymond},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Number = {1--2},
	Pages = {67--101},
	Title = {{Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited}},
	Volume = {143},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Pouliot2008,
	Author = {Pouliot, Vincent},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080090},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pouliot - 2008 - The Logic of Practicality A Theory of Practice of Security Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Norms},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {257--288},
	Title = {{The Logic of Practicality: A Theory of Practice of Security Communities}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080090},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080090},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080090}}

@article{Philpott2009,
	Annote = {- intellectual assumptions are responsible for dearth of religion-oriented research in political science. A pervasive secularism in assumptions and methods.
- Nine concepts of the secular
- IR scholars assume that actors do not pursue religious ends},
	Author = {Philpott, Daniel},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.053006.125448},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Philpott - 2009 - Has the Study of Global Politics Found Religion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1094-2939},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {differentiation,political theology,secularism,secularization},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {183--202},
	Title = {{Has the Study of Global Politics Found Religion?}},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.053006.125448},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.053006.125448},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.053006.125448}}

@article{Kleinberg2012,
	Author = {Kleinberg, Katja B. and Robinson, Gregory and French, Stewart L.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611001745},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kleinberg, Robinson, French - 2012 - Trade Concentration and Interstate Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {529--540},
	Title = {{Trade Concentration and Interstate Conflict}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381611001745},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611001745},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611001745}}

@article{bartels2006,
	Author = {Bartels, Larry M},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {201--226},
	Title = {{What's the Matter with $\backslash$emph\{What's the Matter with Kansas?\}}},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Sweet1998,
	Author = {Sweet, A Stone and Brunell, T},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sweet, Brunell - 1998 - Constructing a Supranational Constitution Dispute Resolution and Governance in the European Community.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {63--81},
	Title = {{Constructing a Supranational Constitution: Dispute Resolution and Governance in the European Community}},
	Url = {http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014\&context=alec\_stone\_sweet},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014%5C&context=alec%5C_stone%5C_sweet}}

@article{norpoth1987,
	Author = {Norpoth, Helmut},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {949--959},
	Title = {{Guns and Butter and Government Popularity in \{B\}ritain}},
	Volume = {81},
	Year = {1987}}

@book{offe2005,
	Address = {Malden, MA},
	Author = {Offe, Claus},
	Publisher = {Polity Press},
	Title = {{Reflections on America: Tocqueville, Weber \& Adorno in the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Bernstein2000,
	Annote = {- Essence conceives incorrectly of historicaly scholarship. 
- Tried to explain process of DM; it was ideological. Treated US as ordinary state. 
- Early book to look within the state in PS; ignored historical scholarship; Generally he was just making what historians had argued explicit. 
- Three models - rational actor, organizational process, and governmental/bureaucratic politics. 
- "Yet his conception of 'lenses,' unless there were explicit rules and standards for putting together the varying perceptions of events, had a peculiar quality of fragmenting reality and making observation, and knowledge, dependent upon the chosen theory." (139) (Note: Is there anything wrong with this?)

        
- "despite Allison's defense of his choosing the missile crisis because it was a tough case study, there is serious reason to doubt whether generalizations from that crisis period would fit more normal times and situations in the scholars' efforts to construct conceptual frameworks to understand decisionmaking." (142)

        
- the book explained events in ways that later turned out to be inaccurate factually. 

        
- The new version still just tests one case (147)
- There can be multiple Soviet motives (149)},
	Author = {Bernstein, BJ},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bernstein - 2000 - Understanding Decisionmaking, U.S. Foreign Policy, and the Cuban Missile Crisis A Review Essay.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {134--164},
	Title = {{Understanding Decisionmaking, U.S. Foreign Policy, and the Cuban Missile Crisis: A Review Essay}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/016228800560417},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/016228800560417}}

@book{baudrillard1988,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Baudrillard, Jean},
	Publisher = {Verso},
	Title = {{America}},
	Translator = {Turner, Chris},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Stasavage2004,
	Author = {Stasavage, David},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818304040214},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stasavage - 2004 - Open-Door or Closed-Door Transparency in Domestic and International Bargaining.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Title = {{Open-Door or Closed-Door? Transparency in Domestic and International Bargaining}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818304040214},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818304040214},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818304040214}}

@incollection{merritt1968,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Merritt, Richard L},
	Booktitle = {Western European Perspectives on International Affairs: Public Opinion Studies and Evaluations},
	Editor = {Merritt, Richard L and Puchala, Donald J},
	Pages = {111--141},
	Publisher = {Praeger},
	Title = {{Visual Representation of Mutual Friendliness}},
	Year = {1968}}

@book{free1976,
	Address = {Lexington, MA},
	Author = {Free, Lloyd A},
	Publisher = {D. C. Heath and Company},
	Title = {{How Others See Us: Critical Choices for Americans}},
	Volume = {III},
	Year = {1976}}

@unpublished{Mvukiyehe2011a,
	Author = {Mvukiyehe, Eric},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mvukiyehe - 2011 - International NGOs and 'Social Cohesion' after Civil War Micro-level Evidence from Liberia.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{International NGOs and 'Social Cohesion' after Civil War: Micro-level Evidence from Liberia}},
	Year = {2011}}

@unpublished{boutonandholyk2008,
	Annote = {Paper presented at the Conference on Soft Power, Identity and Public Diplomay in East Asia (December 10--12) Seoul, \{R\}epublic of \{K\}orea},
	Author = {Bouton, M Marshall and Holyk, Gregory G},
	Title = {{Asian Perceptions of American Soft Power}},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{tullock1987,
	Address = {Boston, MA},
	Author = {Tullock, Gordon},
	Publisher = {Kluwer},
	Title = {{Autocracy}},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{Biddle2012,
	Author = {Biddle, Stephen and Friedman, Jeffrey A and Shapiro, Jacob N},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Biddle, Friedman, Shapiro - 2012 - Testing the Surge Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--40},
	Title = {{Testing the Surge: Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007?}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Gardner2009a,
	Abstract = {This paper argues for a more precise and context specific understanding of mechanisms of `informal social protection' in Bangladesh. The context is a `Londoni' village in Sylhet which has high levels of internal and overseas migration. The economic boom caused by the latter provides important employment opportunities for people from much poorer areas of Bangladesh, who have moved into the area. Yet, as our findings show, the extent to which the poor can call upon the help and protection of rich overseas migrants depends upon the degree of closeness to, or separation from, them. This is marked both through real and fictive kinship as well as geography: those that come from nearby become `our own poor', whereas those from further away are treated as `outsiders', not qualifying for significant `help'. As the paper argues, access to hierarchically ordered places is vital for the sustainability of precarious livelihoods. Yet whilst geographical movement is an important survival strategy for the poor, it is only when social relations are established with wealthy patrons that it can be said to contribute to informal social protection.},
	Author = {Gardner, Katy and Ahmed, Zahir},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner, Ahmed - 2009 - Degrees of Separation Informal Social Protection, Relatedness and Migration in Biswanath, Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Studies},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {124--149},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Degrees of Separation: Informal Social Protection, Relatedness and Migration in Biswanath, Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220380802468587},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220380802468587}}

@incollection{katzensteinandkeohane2007,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {9--38},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Varieties of Anti-\{A\}mericanism: A Framework for Analysis}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{allison2000,
	Author = {Allison, Paul D},
	Journal = {Sociological Methods \& Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {301--309},
	Title = {{Multiple Imputation for Missing Data: A Cautionary Tale}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2000}}

@book{Axelrod1984,
	Address = {New York},
	Annote = {Axelrod. R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic Books. 
          

        
        
          
Chapter 1: The Problem of Cooperation
        
- Under what conditions will cooperation emerge in a world of egoists without central authority? 
- In situations where each individual has an incentive to be selfish, how can cooperation ever develop? 
- Security dilemma: seeking own security causes others to feel threatened, vice versa. 
- The object of this enterprise is to develop a theory of cooperation that can be used to discover what is necessary for cooperation to emerge 
- Assumption of self-interest 
                  - Yet self-interests can change (p. 7) 
- Example: trade barriers 
- Prisoner's Dilemma -- basis for the entire analysis used in the book. 
                  - No matter what the other person does, it pays to defect. 
                  - Individual rationality leads to a worse outcome. 
                  - Requires order of outcomes (T>R>P>S) and that mutual cooperation > avg. of temptation and S 
- Assumptions: there is no mechanism available to make enforceable threats or commitments; there is no way to be sure what the other player will do on a given move; no way to eliminate the other/run away from interaction; no way to change the other player's payoffs. 
- Discount parameter: the payoff of the next move always counts less than the payoff of the current move, the DP measures this. 
- TFT and ALL D are strategies: specification of what to do in any situation that might arise
        
- Not safe to assume the other is out to get you. 
          
Proposition 1: If the discount parameter, w, is sufficiently high, there is no best strategy independent of the strategy used by the other player. 
-The very possibility of achieving stable mutual cooperation depends upon there being a good chance of a continuing interaction, as measured by the magnitude of w. 16 
                  - Necessary but not sufficient. 
- Payoffs need not be comparable, or even symmetric. The only thing that is required is that ordering is met. Payoffs do not have to be measured on an absolute scale. They need only be measure relative to each other (that is, relative to one person's other rankings). Cooperation need not be considered desirable from the point of view of the rest of the world.17 No need to assume rationality. 18 
- Things that make a decision rule successful: avoiding unnecessary conflict by cooperating as long as the other person does, provocability in the face of an uncalled for defection by the other, forgiveness after responding to a provocation, and clarity of behavior so that the other player can adapt to your pattern of action. 20 
                  - Question: How can someone pursuing TFT reestablish cooperation? 
The evolution of cooperation occurs in 3 stages: 
                  1. Can evolve from small clusters of individuals who base coop on reciprocity 
                  2. Strategy based on reciprocity can thrive in a world where many other strategies exist. 
                  3. Once established on basis of reciprocity, cooperation can protect itself 
                                    ``the gear wheels of social evolution have a ratchet'' 21 

        
          
Chapter 2 The Success of TFT in Computer Tournaments
        
- PD can be used to model arms races, effects of westernization, collective action, vote trading 
- The vast experimental literature does not tell us how to play the game well 
                  - Difficult because decisions are slow and other conditions change 
- Non-zero sum setting \ss this assumption would be problematic for realists. 
- An effective strategy must be able at any point to take into account the history of the interaction as it has developed so far 
- TFT submitted by Anatol Rapoport 
                  - none of the more complex strategies, even after TFT, outperformed TFT 
- Higher scoring entries in general are the ``nice'' ones, those that do not defect first. 
- ``Forgiving'' rules : of all the ``nice'' rules, the ones that performed worst were least ``forgiving'' 
- A sophisticated analysis of choice must go at least three levels deep to take account of echo effects: first level is the direct effect of choice; second, the indirect effects taking into account that the other side may or may not punish a defection; third in responding to an opponent, one may be amplifying one's own previous exploitative choice. 
          
- TFT is not necessarily the best. TFTT, LOOK AHEAD, and DOWNING could have won. 39 
- The effectiveness of a particular strategy depends not only on its own characteristic, but also on the nature of the other strategies with which it must interact. 40 
- Second round: everyone knows results of 1st round, TFT still wins.
        
                  - only Rapaport submitted it a 2nd time. 
                  - Top 15 rules: all but one were nice. 
- TFT is nice, forgiving, and retaliatory. 
- Ecological analysis of strategies: some die out. Those that survive should be proportional to scores of winning strategies. 49 
                  - not evolutionary because mutations are not introduced. 
                  HARRINGTON, died out as less successful programs die out. Fewer strategies to exploit. 52 
- TFT benefits from its own nonexploitability b/c 3 conditions are satisfied: the possibility of encountering TFT is salient; once encountered, TFT is easy to recognize; once recognized, TFT's nonexploitability is easy to appreciate. \`{a} TFT benefits from its own clarity. 

        
          
Chapter 3 The Chronology of Cooperation
        
- A strategy is collectively stable if no strategy can invade it. Collectively stable strategies are important because they are the only ones that an entire population can maintain in the long run in the face of any possible mutant.56 
- Proposition 2: TFT is collectively stable if and only if, w is large enough. This critical value of w is a function of the 4 payoff parameters, T, R, P, and S. 
                  - TFT is collectively stable if the next move is at least 2/3 as important as the current move. 
                  - If w is less than 1/2 it even pays always defect. 
                  - if the other player is unlikely to be around much longer because of apparent weakness, then the perceived value of w falls and the reciprocity of THT is no longer stable. 
          
Proposition 3: Any strategy which may be the first to cooperate can be collectively stable only when w is sufficiently large 
- A nice rule must be provoked by the very first defection of the other player, meaning that one some later move the strategy must have afinite chance of responding with a defection of its own 
          
Proposition 4: For a nice strategy to be collectively stable, it must be provoked by the very first defection of the other player 
          
Proposition 5: ALL D is always collectively stable 
                  - This is ideal realist world, no? 
-If a TFT has some proportion, p, of its interactions with other TFT players, it will have 1-p with the meanies. SO its average score will be 30p + 9(1-p). IF this score is more than 10 points, it pays to use a TFT strategy rather than be a meanie like the bulk of the population. 64 
- A cluster of newcomers can invade the natives, if the newcomers do well with other newcomers and if the newcomers meet each other sufficiently often. 
          
Proposition 6: The strategies which can invade ALL D in a cluster with the smallest value of p are those which are maximally discriminating, such as TFT. 
          
Proposition 7: If a nice strategy cannot be invaded by a single individual, it cannot be invaded by any cluster of individuals either. 
                  Thus, nice rules do not have the structural weakness of ALL D. 67 
                  Thus, cooperation can emerge even in a world of unconditional defection. 

        

        

        

        

        
          
Chapter 4: The Live-and-Let-Live System in Trench Warfare in World War I
        
- Same small unites faced each other in immobile sectors for extended periods of time 
- May have started with meals being served simultaneously; also, spells of bad weather. Sometimes truces were arranged verbally, though high command discouraged this. The soldiers took pains to show each other that they could indeed retaliate if necessary\`{a} showed that restraint not due to weakness. 
- What about rotation of the troops? \`{a} outgoing groups would ``socialize'' incoming groups to patterns of cooperation, 81 
- What finally destroyed this system was institution of raids, which could be monitored by headquarters. 
- They learned that cooperation had to be based on reciprocity. 
- The very experience of sustained mutual cooperation altered the payoffs of the players, making mutual cooperation even more valued than it was before, 85. 

        
          
Chapter 5: The Evolution of Cooperation in Biological Systems (with William D. Hamilton)
        
- foresight is not necessary 
- defection in a single encounter is also the solution in biological evolution, 92. (does this give some weight to a pessimistic view of human nature?) 
- the evolution of cooperation can be conceptualized in terms of 3 separate questions 
                  1. robustness -- survive in a varied environment of strategies? 
                  2. stability -- resistant to invasions once established? 
                  3. initial viability -- can it get a foothold? 
- ALL D is the primeval state and is evolutionarily stable, 99. But it can be invaded by TFT. 

        
          
Chapter 6: How to Choose Effectively
        
A player has a short-run incentive to defect but can do better in long term by developing a pattern of mutual cooperation, 109. 
- most of life is not zero-sum.
        
- People tend to resort to the standard of comparison that they have available -- and this standard is often the success of the other player relative to their own success. \ldots Asking how well you are doing compared to how well the other player is doing is not a good standard unless your goal is to destroy the other player, 111. 
1. Don't be envious
        
- TFT never once scored better than the other player. In fact, it can't. 112. It either achieves the same score or a little less. 
- A firm that buys from a supplier can expect that a successful relationship will earn profit for the supplier as well as the buyer. There is no point in being envious of the supplier's profit. 113. 
2. Don't be the first to defect
        
3. Reciprocate both cooperation and defection
        
4. Don't be too clever
        
          

        
        
          
Chapter 7: How to Promote Cooperation
        
- arrange that the same 2 individuals will meet each other again, be able to recognize each other from the past, and to recall how the other has behaved until now, 125. 
1. Enlarge the shadow of the future
        
          

        As the SotF becomes smaller, it stops paying to be cooperative with another player -- even if the     other player will reciprocate your cooperation. 
                  - this can be done by making interactions more durable and more frequent
        
                  If the players regard a payoff two years from now as worth only half as much as an equal payoff           today, one way to promote cooperation would be to make their interactions more frequent. 
                                    \`{a} this might involve keeping others away. Small towns see more cooperation. 
2. Change the payoffs - This is what government does. If you avoid paying taxes, you risk jail, making defection less attractive. 
3. Teach people to care about each other
        
In game theory terms, this means that the adults try to shape the values of children so that the preferences of the new citizens will incorporate not only their own individual welfare, but to some degree at least, the welfare of others. 
                  Altruism is a good name to give to the phenomenon of one person's utility being positively                 affected by another person's welfare, 135. 
4. Teach reciprocity
        
                  Golden Rule? No, unconditional cooperation allows others to exploit you. 
5. Improve recognition abilities
        

        
          
Chapter 8: The Social Structure of Cooperation
        
Four factors are examined which can give rise to interesting types of social structure: labels, reputation, regulation, and territoriality 
          
Labels -- can be defined as a fixed characteristic of a player that can be observed by other players when the interaction begins. They can lead to self-confirming stereotypes. 
                  If you become a deviant, you are likely to return, sooner or later, to the role that is expected of           you. If your label says you are Green, others will treat you as a Green, and since it pays for you to               act like Greens act, you will be confirming everyone's expectations, 148. 
                  They can also support status hierarchies -- heigh, strength, skin tone. 
                  A person at the bottom of the social structure is trapped. He or she is doing poorly, but would do     even worse by trying to buck the system, 150. 
          
Reputation and Deterrence -- when third parties are watching, the stakes of the current situation expand from those immediately at hand to encompass the influence of the current choice on the reputations of the players. Having a firm reputation for using TFT is advantageous to a player, but it is not actually the best rep to have. The best reputation to have is the reputation for being a bully. 152. The best way to encourage cooperation from the other is to be known as someone who will never cooperate again if the other defects even once. 
          
The Government and the Governed -- the key to maintaining compliant behavior from the citizenry is that the government remains able and willing to devote resources far out of proportion to the stakes of the current issue in order to maintain its reputation for toughness. Problem of industrial pollution: if a polluter decides to defect, both the polluter and the agency suffer the punishing costs of the resultant legalistic relationship, 156. The trick is to set the stringency of the standard high enough to get most of the social benefits of regulation, and not so high as to prevent the evolution of a stable pattern of voluntary compliance from almost all of the companies, 157. 
          
Territoriality -- Nations, businesses, tribes, and birds are examples of players which operate mainly in certain territories, 158. 
Two ways to think of territory: 1. Geography and physical space, 2. An abstract space of characteristics. 
          
Proposition 8: If a rule is collectively stable, it is territorially stable, 160. 
- in the territorial version of the tournament (161-165), NYDEGGER won. 

        
          
Chapter 9: The Robustness of Reciprocity
        
The main results of Cooperation Theory are encouraging. They show that cooperation can get started by even a small cluster of individuals who are prepared to reciprocate cooperation, even in a world where no one else will cooperate. The analysis also shows that the two key requisites for cooperation to thrive are that the cooperation be based on reciprocity, and that the shadow of the future is important enough to make this reciprocity stable. But once cooperation based on reciprocity is establish in a population, it can protect itself from invasion by uncooperative strategies, 173. 
No central authority necessary, self-policing is possible, 174. 
SotF must be sufficiently large. 
There must be a clustering of individuals w/ 2 properties: strategies are first to cooperate, and they will discriminate b/w cooperation and defection. 
TFT cannot be called the ideal strategy for iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. It is not forgiving enough in some instances, and too forgiving in others, 176-77. 
          
The overall level of cooperation tends to go up and not down. In other words, the machinery for the evolution of cooperation contains a ratchet, 177. 
                  Example \`{a} evolution of US Congress; baseball umpire/catcher relationship \ss based on    continued contact. Businesses sidestepping legalese in hopes of mutual benefits in future, 179. 
It is essential that the players are able to observe and respond to each other's prior choices. 
Implications for institutional design: large orgs that have high turnover rates of CEOs leave opportunity to defect at end of short terms. Political parties protect against lame ducks, 184. 
The only arms control agreements which can be stable are those whose violations can be detected soon enough, 185. 
          
In many circumstances the stability of cooperation would be enhanced if the response were slightly less than the provocation, 187. 
          
The key to doing well lies not in overcoming others, but in eliciting their cooperation, 190. 

      },
	Author = {Axelrod, Robert},
	Publisher = {Basic Books},
	Title = {{The Evolution of Cooperation}},
	Year = {1984}}

@article{Dorussen2009,
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@misc{Leeds2012,
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@book{mead2004,
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@book{Homer-Dixon1999,
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@article{Lemke2008,
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@article{levy2012,
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	Institution = {University of Colorado at Boulder Institute of Behavioral Science},
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@article{cohen1994,
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@article{Lake1996,
	Author = {Lake, David A.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lake - 1996 - Anarchy, Hierarchy, and the Variety of International Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--33},
	Title = {{Anarchy, Hierarchy, and the Variety of International Relations}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830000165X},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081830000165X}}

@book{pinker2011,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Pinker, Steven},
	Publisher = {Viking},
	Title = {{The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Salehyan2008a,
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343308088812},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2008 - From Climate Change to Conflict No Consensus Yet.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {315--326},
	Title = {{From Climate Change to Conflict? No Consensus Yet}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308088812}}

@article{hermannandkegley1995,
	Author = {Hermann, Margaret G and jr. {Kegley Charles W.}},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {511--533},
	Title = {{Rethinking Democracy and International Peace: Perspectives from Political Psychology}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{quindlen1991,
	Author = {Quindlen, Anna},
	Journal = {The New York Times},
	Pages = {E17},
	Title = {{The Microwave War}},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{fukuyama1989,
	Author = {Fukuyama, Francis},
	Journal = {National Interest},
	Pages = {3--18},
	Title = {{The End of History?}},
	Volume = {Issue 16},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Billon2007,
	Author = {Billon, PL and Waizenegger, Arno},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Billon, Waizenegger - 2007 - Peace in the wake of disaster Secessionist conflicts and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Transactions of the institute of \ldots},
	Keywords = {natural disaster},
	Number = {Hyndman 2000},
	Title = {{Peace in the wake of disaster? Secessionist conflicts and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2007.00257.x/full},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2007.00257.x/full}}

@article{Gilligan1987,
	Author = {Gilligan, Thomas W. and Krehbiel, Keith},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gilligan, Krehbiel - 1987 - Collective Decisionmaking and Standing Committees An Informational Rationale for Restrictive Amendment Proce.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {287--336},
	Title = {{Collective Decisionmaking and Standing Committees: An Informational Rationale for Restrictive Amendment Procedures}},
	Url = {http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get\_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jleo3\&section=24},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1987},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get%5C_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jleo3%5C&section=24}}

@article{Berinsky2007,
	Author = {Berinsky, Adam J.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00602.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berinsky - 2007 - Assuming the Costs of War Events, Elites, and American Public Support for Military Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {975--997},
	Title = {{Assuming the Costs of War: Events, Elites, and American Public Support for Military Conflict}},
	Url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00602.x},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00602.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00602.x}}

@article{rasleretal2007,
	Author = {Rasler, Karen and {Berman and David Laitin}, Eli and Euben, Roxanne L and Shapiro, Ian and Kepel, Gilles},
	Journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {118--140},
	Shorttitle = {Review Symposium},
	Title = {{Review Symposium: Understanding Suicide Terror}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2007}}

@incollection{friendly1999,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Friendly, Michael},
	Booktitle = {Cognition and Survey Research},
	Chapter = {20},
	Editor = {Sirken, Monroe G and Herrmann, Douglas J and Schechter, Susan and Schwarz, Norbert and Tanur, Judith M and Tourangeau, Roger},
	Pages = {319--348},
	Publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	Title = {{Visualizing Categorical Data}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Mattes2008,
	Author = {Mattes, Michaela},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00503.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mattes - 2008 - The Effect of Changing Conditions and Agreement Provisions on Conflict and Renegotiation Between States with Competing C.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {315--334},
	Title = {{The Effect of Changing Conditions and Agreement Provisions on Conflict and Renegotiation Between States with Competing Claims}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00503.x},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00503.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2008.00503.x}}

@article{Wood2007,
	Author = {Wood, B. Dan and Vedlitz, Arnold},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00267.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wood, Vedlitz - 2007 - Issue Definition, Information Processing, and the Politics of Global Warming.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {552--568},
	Title = {{Issue Definition, Information Processing, and the Politics of Global Warming}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00267.x},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00267.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00267.x}}

@article{byman2006,
	Author = {Byman, Daniel L},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Fall},
	Pages = {79--115},
	Title = {{Friends Like These: Counterinsurgency and the War on Terrorism}},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{olssonandhibbs2005,
	Author = {Olsson, Ola and {Hibbs, Jr.}, Douglas A},
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	Number = {4},
	Pages = {909--938},
	Title = {{Biogeography and Long-Run Economic Development}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Mckenzie2010,
	Author = {Mckenzie, David and Rapoport, Hillel},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mckenzie, Rapoport - 2010 - Self-selection patterns in mexico-u.s. migration the role of migration networks.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {811--821},
	Title = {{Self-selection patterns in mexico-u.s. migration: the role of migration networks}},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Wood1997,
	Author = {Wood, Robert and Foundation, Johnson and Policy, Health},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wood, Foundation, Policy - 1997 - No Title.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Health Policy},
	Pages = {54--77},
	Title = {{No Title}},
	Year = {1997}}

@incollection{besleyandkudamatsu2008,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Besley, Timothy and Kudamatsu, Masayuki},
	Booktitle = {Institutions and Economic Performance},
	Chapter = {11},
	Editor = {Helpman, Elhanan},
	Pages = {452--510},
	Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	Title = {{Making Autocracy Work}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Hooghe2005,
	Author = {Hooghe, Liesbet},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818305050307},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hooghe - 2005 - Several Roads Lead to International Norms, but Few Via International Socialization A Case Study of the European Commissi.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {861--898},
	Title = {{Several Roads Lead to International Norms, but Few Via International Socialization: A Case Study of the European Commission}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818305050307},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818305050307},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050307}}

@book{avirganandhoney1982,
	Address = {Westport, CT},
	Author = {Avirgan, Tonay and Honey, Martha},
	Publisher = {Lawrence Hill \& Company},
	Title = {{War in Uganda, The Legacy of Idi Amin}},
	Year = {1982}}

@misc{Goemans2009a,
	Abstract = {Scholars for a long time theorized about the role of political leaders, but empirical research has been limited by the lack of systematic data about individual leaders. Archigos is a new dataset with information on leaders in 188 countries from 1875 to 2004. We provide an overview of the main features of this data. Archigos specifically identifies the effective leaders of each independent state; it codes when and how leaders came into power, their age, and their gender, as well as their personal fate one year after they lost office. We illustrate the utility of the Archigos dataset by demonstrating how leader attributes predict other features of interest in International Relations and Comparative Politics. Crisis interactions differ depending on whether leaders face each other for the first time or have had prior interactions. Irregular leader changes can help identify political change in autocracies not apparent from data that consider only the democratic nature of institutions. Finally, transitions to democracy in the third wave are more likely to fail in instances where autocratic rulers were punished after leaving office. Our examples illustrate new empirical findings that simply could not be explored in existing data sources. Although selective, our overview demonstrates how Archigos bears considerable promise in providing answers to new and old research questions and opens up new avenues for research on individual leaders as decisionmakers.},
	Author = {Goemans, H. E. and Gleditsch, K. S. and Chiozza, G.},
	Booktitle = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343308100719},
	Isbn = {0022343308100},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Keywords = {COMPARATIVE government -- Research,Datasets,Democracy,Folder - 2013 Research Methods - 2013 POLS7701 Res,Folder - Methodology - Data Source,Government policy,INTERNATIONAL relations,POLITICAL leadership,POLITICAL science -- Research,Political Budget Cycles,regime change},
	Mendeley-Tags = {COMPARATIVE government -- Research,Datasets,Democracy,Folder - 2013 Research Methods - 2013 POLS7701 Res,Folder - Methodology - Data Source,Government policy,INTERNATIONAL relations,POLITICAL leadership,POLITICAL science -- Research,Political Budget Cycles,regime change},
	Pages = {269--283},
	Title = {{Introducing Archigos: A Dataset of Political Leaders}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308100719}}

@article{Lupia2010,
	Author = {Granato, J and Lo, M and Wong, MC},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Granato, Lo, Wong - 2010 - A framework for unifying formal and empirical analysis.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political \ldots},
	Keywords = {Methods},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Methods},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {783--797},
	Title = {{A framework for unifying formal and empirical analysis}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00460.x/full},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00460.x/full}}

@article{Tir2009,
	Author = {Tir, J. and Ackerman, J. T.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343309336800},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tir, Ackerman - 2009 - Politics of Formalized River Cooperation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022343309336},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {623--640},
	Title = {{Politics of Formalized River Cooperation}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343309336800}}

@book{levyandthompson2010,
	Address = {Malden, MA},
	Author = {Levy, Jack and Thompson, William},
	Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	Title = {{Causes of War}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{W.Abbott2000,
	Annote = {Abbott, Kenneth W. and Duncan Snidal. 2000. "Hard and Soft Law in International Governance." International Organization 54(3): 421-56.
- International actors choose to order their relations through international law and design treaties and other legal arrangements to solve specific substantive and political problems.
	- they choose softer forms of legalized governance when those forms offer superior institutional solutions.
- hard law refers to legally binding obligations that are precise (or that can be made precise through adjudication or the issuance of detailed regulations) and that delegate authority for interpreting and implementing. 
- while hard law has many benefits, it also restricts actors' behavior and even their sovereignty. 
- legalization also promotes normative values. It has effect through both normative standards and processes as well as self-interested calculation, and both interests and values are constraints on the success of law. Law as both "contract" and "covenant" 
- soft law begins once legal arrangements are weakened along obligation, precision, and/or delegation. there are many degrees of soft law. 
- international actors often deliberately choose softer forms of legalization.
- soft legalization lets actors learn about impact of agreements over time, ameliorating uncertainty. facilitates compromise.
- obligation, precision, delegation [O, P, D]
- states enter into contracts to further interests (rationalist). they enter into covenants to manifest normative commitments (constructivist).
- However, law is both an interest-based and a normative enterprise.
1. States and other actors look to law to achieve their ends whether they are pursuing interests or values. In fact, these goals are normally deeply intertwined. Business groups and states seeking rules to protect intellectual property, for example, are committed to norms of property and fairness as well as self-interest; NGOs and states supporting rules to promote democracy are concerned w/ security and trade as well as participatory values.
2. Actors utilize both normative and interest-based strategies to create legal arrangements. Business groups and Western states supporting liberal economic rules appeal to norms of individual choice as well as economic interests.
3. Legal rules and institutions operate both by changing material incentives and by modifying understandings, standards of behavior, and identities. 
Credible commitments.
1.legalization enhances cred by constraining self-serving auto-interpretation.
 2. also by increasing the costs of reneging. 
Enhances capacity
1. Hard law is interpreted and applied by arbitral or judicial institutions.
2. The law of state responsibility fixes consequences for legal violations.
3. even int'l law can draw on some forms of centralized enforcement, through institutions like the UNSC.
- Legalization also increases the costs of violation through normative channels.
- legitimacy p. 428

        
Hypotheses:
1. States should use hard legal commitments as assurance devices when the benefits of cooperation are great but the potential for opportunism and its costs are high.
2. States should use hard legalization to increase the credibility of commitments when noncompliance is difficult to detect, as in most arms control situations.
3. States should find hard law of special value when forming "clubs" of sincerely committed states, like the EU and NATO. 
4. Looking within the state, executive officials should look to hard int'l law to commit other domestic agencies (esp. legislatures) or political groups when those officials are able to make int'l agreements w/ little interference or control, and when their preferences differ significantly from those of competing power centers. 
5. Legal commitments should be more credible when made by states w/ particular characteristics: participation in int'l legal regimes; strong domestic legal institutions. 

        
Conclusion:
- Ultimately, we can only understand the inclination of actors to cast their relations in legal form, and the variety of ways in which they do so, in terms of the value those institutional forms provide for them. Int'l legalization is a diverse phenomenon b/c it helps a diverse universe of states and other actors resolve diverse problems. 
- Though we premise our analysis on the notion of actors rationally pursuing goals, we argue that they do so knowing that legalization embeds them in a partially autonomous process and discourse that constrains their behavior and may modify important understandings. 
- Soft law is valuable on its own. 

      },
	Author = {Abbott, Kenneth W and Snidal, Duncan},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081800551280},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Abbott, Snidal - 2000 - Hard and Soft Law in International Governance(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {421--456},
	Title = {{Hard and Soft Law in International Governance}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300441111},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300441111},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081800551280}}

@article{Flandreau2012,
	Author = {Flandreau, Marc and Flores, Juan H.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000070},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Flandreau, Flores - 2012 - The Peaceful Conspiracy Bond Markets and International Relations During the Pax Britannica.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {211--241},
	Title = {{The Peaceful Conspiracy: Bond Markets and International Relations During the Pax Britannica}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000070},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000070},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000070}}

@article{bdmmorrowsiversonsmith1999,
	Author = {de Mesquita, Bruce and Morrow, James D and Siverson, Randolph M and Smith, Alastair},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {791--807},
	Title = {{An Institutional Explanation of the Democratic Peace}},
	Volume = {93},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Verdier2008,
	Author = {Verdier, Daniel},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080156},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Verdier - 2008 - Multilateralism, Bilateralism, and Exclusion in the Nuclear Proliferation Regime.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Institutional Design},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Institutional Design},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Title = {{Multilateralism, Bilateralism, and Exclusion in the Nuclear Proliferation Regime}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080156},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080156},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080156}}

@incollection{croci2000,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Croci, Osvaldo},
	Booktitle = {Italian Politics: The Faltering Transition},
	Chapter = {2},
	Editor = {Gilbert, Mark and Pasquino, Gianfranco},
	Pages = {33--50},
	Publisher = {Berghahn Books},
	Title = {{Forced Ally? Italy and the `Operation Allied Force'}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Salehyan2008,
	Annote = {Salehyan, Idean. 2008. The Externalities of Civil Strife: Refugees as a Source of International Conflict. American Journal of Political Science
        52 (4): 787--801.},
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2008 - The Externalities of Civil Strife Refugees as a Source of International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {787--801},
	Title = {{The Externalities of Civil Strife: Refugees as a Source of International Conflict}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{fearonandlaitin2004,
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	Journal = {International Security},
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	Pages = {5--43},
	Title = {{Neotrusteeship and the Problem of Weak States}},
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	Year = {2004}}

@book{gujarati1995,
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	Title = {{Basic Econometrics}},
	Year = {1995}}

@book{mearsheimer2001,
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	Publisher = {W. W. Norton \& Company},
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	Year = {2001}}

@article{Guhathakurta2012,
	Author = {Guhathakurta, Meghna},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Guhathakurta - 2012 - Amidst the winds of change The Hindu minority in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {South Asian History and Culture},
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	Year = {2012}}

@article{Hayes2012,
	Author = {Hayes, Jarrod},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818311000324},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hayes - 2012 - Securitization, Social Identity, and Democratic Security Nixon, India, and the Ties That Bind.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Democratic Peace,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Democratic Peace,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {63--93},
	Title = {{Securitization, Social Identity, and Democratic Security: Nixon, India, and the Ties That Bind}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000324},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818311000324},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000324}}

@article{dreyer2010,
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	Year = {2010}}

@article{leblang2002,
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	Number = {1},
	Pages = {69--91},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of Speculative Attacks in the Developing World}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{fearonandlaitin2000,
	Author = {Fearon, James D and Laitin, David D},
	Journal = {International Organization},
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	Pages = {845--877},
	Title = {{Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic Identity}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Publications,
	Author = {Wittman, D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wittman - 1979 - How a War Ends A Rational Model Approach(2).pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Title = {{How a War Ends: A Rational Model Approach}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/23/4/743.short},
	Year = {1979},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/23/4/743.short}}

@article{Lake1993,
	Author = {Lake, DA},
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	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {459--489},
	Title = {{Leadership, Hegemony, and the International Economy: Naked Emperor or Tattered Monarch with Potential?}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2600841},
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	Year = {1993},
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wilkenfeld, Brecher - 1984 - International Crises, 1945-1975 The UN Dimension.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {45--67},
	Title = {{International Crises, 1945-1975: The UN Dimension}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2600397},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {1984},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2600397}}

@book{Levy2010,
	Address = {Malden},
	Annote = {
        Levy and Thompson, Chapter 1 ``Introduction to the Study of War''
        
          

        
        
          
Introduction
        
- War = one of primary mechanisms of change in world system; affects institutions/cultures of states; plays key role in death/birth of states; Tilly: ``war made the state, and the state made war'' 
- Most research focuses on int'l war. Focus includes both int'l and civil war, but more int'l b/c: 1. Int'l wars have shaped the evolution of the modern int'l system 
2. There is still little consensus on the causes of int'l war 
- Flashpoints: Israel/Syria/US/Iran, India-Pakistan, Korean peninsula, China/Taiwan. Thus int'l war has the potential to be most destructive in human/economic terms even though it will likely be less frequent. 

        
          
What is War?
        
          
Definition of war: ``sustained, coordinated violence between political organizations'' (5) 
- ``Violence'' is one aspect that differentiates it from other types of conflict (conflicts of interest, rivalries, disputes, threats of force). These do not become war w/out sustained violence. The Cold War was therefore really just a rivalry. Arab-Israeli conflict is a conflict/rivalry that has involved frequent low-level military activity, but has also been punctuated by well-defined wars. 
- ``Between'' \`{a} violence must be reciprocated. Russo-Hungarian War (Hungary resisted) vs. Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia (Czech did not resist). 
- Sometimes scholars talk about war as a strategy. This is only appropriate if force is reciprocated. 
- ``Organizations'' : not individuals. 
- Purposeful. (NOTE: Levy/Thompson DO NOT include this in their defintion) Clausewitz: war is a ``political instrument, a continuation of political activity by other means.''  ``War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will.'' 
- Political/diplomatic outcomes matter \`{a} not always congruent with outcome on battlefield. 
- Sometimes war is an instrumental strategy to influence the strength of the enemy. 
``If the adversary is unwilling to make sufficient concessions, however, and if political leaders are convinced both that they can achieve more through military force than through negotiation and that they have no other option that would work as well, then the use of force often becomes an attractive option.''(9) 
- ``The use as well as the threat of force is often an integral part of an actor's bargaining strategy'' (9). 
- ``Our definition of war is based on the behavior of two adversarial political organizations, not on their motivations.'' (10). 
- ``Sustained'' : duration and magnitude. ``There must be a fairly regular use of force of a certain magnitude during the period of the war'' (11). 

        
          
The Changing Nature of Warfare
        
          

        
        
Increasing battle-deaths while decreasing great power wars. ``the increasing destructiveness of great power wars has reduced the incentives of great powers to fight them. This may help to explain another interesting pattern: the world has experienced no great power war in the last half century.'' (11). Nuclear weapons/deterrence? Term ``long peace'' since WWII is misleading since smaller wars proliferated. Since 1945, shift away from Europe to other parts of the world. After 1990s, decline in frequency of civil wars. 
Civil war has changed since American civil war. Most of time it's religious/ethnic groups. Increasingly asymmetric. 

        
          
The Levels of Analysis Framework
        

        
Waltz's Man, the State, and War (1959) three images: individual, nation-state and int'l system. 
          
Individual: factors that vary across individuals (belief systems, personalities, psychological processes, political socialization, lessons learned from history, management styles, and similar variables) 
          
Nation-state: factors associated w/ government and society 
          
System: dist of military and econ power, alliances, structure of the system's political economy. $\backslash$ 
Levy and Thompson also include the dyadic level. 

        
***``A theory of war must explain how both sides get to the bring of war in the first place and why both are willing to fight\ldots. For this reason individual-, societal-, and state-level causal factors cannot by themselves provide a logically complete explanation for the outbreak of war. That is, they are not jointly sufficient for war.'' (19) 

        
          
Other Conceptual Issues in the Analysis of War - war is a variable, not a constant. Human nature cannot be a cause (it can be ``permissive'' to allow war to happen). But peace is more prevalent, does it explain peace too? Levy and Thompson, pp. 104-117 ``The Democratic Peace'' in chapter 4
        
- At first, democracy was thought to promote reckless, ideologically-driven behavior. 
- 1980s -- political science consensus emerges that democracies are uniquely peaceful in their interactions with one another. Contradicted realism, provided core of emerging liberal theory of war, reinforced ideological foundation of AFP, provided justification for interventionism, optimism that war might end. 
- DP is a dyadic-level proposition. 
- first phase of research was descriptive: carefully defining war/democracy 
- arguments against: statistical artifact, geographic separation of democratic states, democratic dyads trade a lot. 
Explanations for DP: 
1. the democratic culture and norms model. 
2. the institutional constraints model: checks/balances, dispersed power, role of free press. Political leaders must gain broad public support. 
3. selectorate model: political leaders want to maintain political power. Selectorate is all people who have some influence on policy. The winning coalition consists of those whose support is necessary for a political leader and his or her regime to maintain their positions of power. Size of winning coalition is generally much smaller in autocracies. The smaller the ratio of the size of the winning coalition to the size of the selectorate, the more easily a political leader can distribute ``private goods'' to the winning coalition but not to the other members of society. Since democratic have to distribute these goods to a much broader society, they are more sensitive to the outcome of wars. Democratic leaders tend to only initiate those wars that they are confident they can win. Therefore, democracies will try to convince each other that they are more highly committed and resolved than their adversary. 
          
Levy and Thompson Chapter 4
        
- shift to looking at democratic peace brought on focus on domestic level 
- domestic level theories, if they only rely on factors internal to the state, cannot provide a full theory of war. This is why Waltz says a theory of foreign policy is not a theory of IR. 
- Marxist/Leninist -- capitalist systems are not self-sufficient; excess production, under-consumption. Military Keynesianism: surplus absorbed by a military that needs constant justification for spending. Levy and Thompson, Chapter 5, ``Decision-Making: The Individual Level''
        
-1960s, DMing theories. In contrast to structuralists. ``Decision-making theories assume that the choices made by these key individuals, groups, and organizational actors have a significant impact on state foreign policies, and that these choices are not entirely determined by underlying systemic pressures, social forces, and institutional constraints'' (129) 
- Structuralists assume everyone has similar perceptions of int'l environment. 
- ``Proponents of DM approaches\ldots insist that there is no deterministic link b/w system structure and foreign policy action. They argue that individual worldviews and perceptions, governmental roles, and intergovernmental politics help to explain why some states in similar international positions and with similar domestic circumstances often engage in different foreign policy behaviors, or why one state in similar situations will behave differently at different times'' (129). 
- L \& T discuss the ``rational'' DM model first. Involves: 1. Prioritization of goals, 2. Specifying available options, and 3. Estimating the consequences of each alternative. More about process than outcome. ``Once an actor has defined its goals, identified the possible strategies for advancing its goals, estimated the consequences of each of those strategies for each of its goals, it is ready to make a decision.'' (132) \`{a} Expected utility calculation: identifies all possible consequences, estimates probabilities of each outcome, gives utility (net benefits minus costs) to each outcome, weights each utility according to probability, and calculates the weighted sum, which is the expected utility of that particular strategy. (132). Learning is important. 
- Rest of chapter is on non-rational
        
          
Psychological Models of International Conflict
        
Who leads matters. Counterfactuals. 
Misperception: Countless cases where misperceptions played blatantly consequential roles. Difficult to define a misperception. How much causal weight to attribute to misperception? They can cause peace too. Misperceptions of adversary capabilities are usually critical. For causal explanation, it is not enough to demostrate that leaders misperceive the capabilities or intentions of adversaries or third states. One must also demostrate that these misperceptions have a causal impact on decisions for war. (137). We need to examine cases where war didn't happen too. 
Risk propensity. 
Operational code: hierarchical beliefs about the political world. 
Cognitive biases: the way the brain is ``hard-wired'' to process info quite independently of the impact of human emotions and motivations. 
Motivated biases: defensive avoidance, not facing up to information that makes you uncomfortable. 
Both can lead to over/under estimation. 
Selective attention \`{a} premature cognitive closure \`{a} the perseverance of beliefs. 
Fundamental attribution theorem: people attribute hostile intentions to others even when they might be causing the behavior of the other. 
Changing beliefs is very difficult. 
Bayesian updating: rational learning. 
Analogical reasoning: shortcut for making sense of complexity. 
Availability heuristic: judgments of prob influenced by events that are familiar/salient. 
Historical events from which people learn do not typically constitute a scientific sample appropriate for making inferences (147) \`{a}JLR Forum article 
Wishful thinking. 
Cognitive dissonance. 
Prospect theory: people value losses from a reference point more than gains from that same point. Also known as loss aversion. 
Identification of a reference point is also known as framing. Most of the time the reference point is the status quo. Implications for IR; leaders will do more to maintain reputation and rebuild lost power. Israel taking risks to defend territory captured. 
Poliheuristic \`{a} actor eliminates all unacceptable options and then rationally evaluates the remaining options. 
DM is different in crisis situations. Relationship between performance and stress is inverted-U shape. },
	Author = {Levy, Jack and Thompson, William},
	Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	Title = {{Causes of War}},
	Year = {2010}}

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@misc{Berge,
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@article{Bush2011,
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- why are quotas to ensure women's representation in politics so often adopted today in the developing world? 
            - int'l incentives have been key to the global diffusion of quotas. ``I find strong evidence that int'l incentives are positively and significantly related to a country's likelihood of adopting a gender quota'' (measured by UN peace operations, whether country receives foreign aid, whether country invited election monitors to last election'' 104. 
- the theory developed attempts to explain national legal quota adoption in developing countries. 106. 
- I argue that the int'l legit of gender quotas as part of democratization creates incentives for developing democracies to adopt them. 109. 
- the democracy establishment promotes professional norms/provides tech assistance, is a principled network, provides advice and expertise. 110. },
	Author = {Bush, Sarah Sunn},
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	Journal = {International Organization},
	Pages = {103--37},
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	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Goemans2009b,
	Abstract = {Scholars for a long time theorized about the role of political leaders, but empirical research has been limited by the lack of systematic data about individual leaders. Archigos is a new dataset with information on leaders in 188 countries from 1875 to 2004. We provide an overview of the main features of this data. Archigos specifically identifies the effective leaders of each independent state; it codes when and how leaders came into power, their age, and their gender, as well as their personal fate one year after they lost office. We illustrate the utility of the Archigos dataset by demonstrating how leader attributes predict other features of interest in International Relations and Comparative Politics. Crisis interactions differ depending on whether leaders face each other for the first time or have had prior interactions. Irregular leader changes can help identify political change in autocracies not apparent from data that consider only the democratic nature of institutions. Finally, transitions to democracy in the third wave are more likely to fail in instances where autocratic rulers were punished after leaving office. Our examples illustrate new empirical findings that simply could not be explored in existing data sources. Although selective, our overview demonstrates how Archigos bears considerable promise in providing answers to new and old research questions and opens up new avenues for research on individual leaders as decisionmakers.},
	Author = {Goemans, H. E. and Gleditsch, Kristian S. and Chiozza, Giacomo},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343308100719},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Prospectus Writing/Sources/Goemans et al 2009 Archigos.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022343308100},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Keywords = {COMPARATIVE government -- Research,Datasets,Democracy,Folder - 2013 Research Methods - 2013 POLS7701 Res,Folder - Methodology - Data Source,Government policy,INTERNATIONAL relations,POLITICAL leadership,POLITICAL science -- Research,Political Budget Cycles,regime change},
	Mendeley-Tags = {COMPARATIVE government -- Research,Datasets,Democracy,Folder - 2013 Research Methods - 2013 POLS7701 Res,Folder - Methodology - Data Source,Government policy,INTERNATIONAL relations,POLITICAL leadership,POLITICAL science -- Research,Political Budget Cycles,regime change},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {269--283},
	Title = {{Introducing Archigos: A Dataset of Political Leaders}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308100719}}

@article{Mattes2010a,
	Author = {Mattes, Michaela and Vonnahme, Greg},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381610000447},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mattes, Vonnahme - 2010 - Contracting for Peace Do Nonaggression Pacts Reduce Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {925--938},
	Title = {{Contracting for Peace: Do Nonaggression Pacts Reduce Conflict?}},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000447}}

@article{winter2006,
	Author = {Winter, Nicholas J G},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {400--420},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Beyond welfare: Framing and the racialization of white opinion on social security}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@incollection{Schreurs2011,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Schreurs, Miranda A.},
	Booktitle = {Beyond Resource Wars: Scarcity, Environmental Degradation, and International Cooperation},
	Editor = {Dinar, Shlomi},
	Pages = {89--115},
	Publisher = {The MIT Press},
	Title = {{Transboundary Cooperation to Address Acid Rain: Europe, North America, and East Asia Compared}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Krasner1976,
	Author = {Krasner, SD},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Krasner - 1976 - State Power and the Structure of International Trade.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {317--347},
	Title = {{State Power and the Structure of International Trade}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=7702568},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {1976},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=7702568}}

@book{murrayandmansoor2012,
	Address = {New York},
	Editor = {Murray, Williamson and Mansoor, Peter R},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Shorttitle = {Hybrid Warfare},
	Title = {{Hybrid Warfare: Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present}},
	Year = {2012}}

@misc{Videos2009b,
	Author = {Videos, United Nations},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Nepal: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNfI9HzQmU\&feature=relmfu},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNfI9HzQmU%5C&feature=relmfu}}

@article{Cederman2007,
	Author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Girardin, Luc},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055407070086},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cederman, Girardin - 2007 - Beyond Fractionalization Mapping Ethnicity onto Nationalist Insurgencies.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {173},
	Title = {{Beyond Fractionalization: Mapping Ethnicity onto Nationalist Insurgencies}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055407070086},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055407070086},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070086}}

@article{Miller2012,
	Author = {Miller, Michael K.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00595.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Miller - 2012 - Economic Development, Violent Leader Removal, and Democratization.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1002--1020},
	Title = {{Economic Development, Violent Leader Removal, and Democratization}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00595.x},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00595.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00595.x}}

@article{Banerjee1983,
	Author = {Banerjee, Biswajit},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Banerjee - 1983 - Social Networks in the Migration Process Empirical Evidence on Chain Migration in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Developing Areas},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {185--196},
	Title = {{Social Networks in the Migration Process: Empirical Evidence on Chain Migration in India}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {1983}}

@book{isaacson1992,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Isaacson, Walter},
	Publisher = {Simon and Schuster},
	Title = {{Kissinger}},
	Year = {1992}}

@book{munck2009,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Author = {Munck, Gerardo L},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Measuring Democracy: A Bridge between Scholarship and Politics}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Allee2011,
	Annote = {Allee, Todd, and Clint Peinhardt. 2011.  "Contingent Credibility: The Impact of Investment Treaty Violations on Foreign Direct Investment." International Organization 65: 401-32.

        
The ability of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) to increase FDI is contingent on the subsequent good behavior of the governments who sign them. BITs do increase FDI, but only if those countries are not subsequently challenged before International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), which is a widely observed institution in the investment community, and could result in future loss of FDI for countries who break terms of BIT. Basically, building on lit that says that signing agreements is beneficial by showing that compliance matters. The key is the ICSID, it reveals info to potential investors. First, just appearing in front of the panel is questionable to investors. Second, losing should be particularly damaging. 

        
Number of BITs signed is positively correlated w/ FDI. BITs should only matter when states comply. Existing work often assumes that signatories comply -- they don't. Investors want to know whether a gov signed a BIT, but they also want to know whether or not that government complied. Compliance is difficult to monitor, so the ICSID serves this function. 

        
ICSID is used the most often, even though there are multiple arbitration venues. Most important feature of ICSID disputes is their visibility. 

        
H1: Gov'ts will attract greater FDI flows as they sign a greater number of BITs with partner countries, ceteris paribus. 
H2: Gov'ts whose behavior is challenged via ICSID arbitration will experience reduced FDI flows, ceteris paribus. 
	- both because it implies the host gov't has possibly violated, but also b/c the host gov't apparently will not negotiate at levels lower than the international level. measured with pending cases. 
H3: Gov'ts who lose disputes via ICSID arbitration will experience reduced FDI flows, ceteris paribus. 
Controls: domestic political shocks, external threat, domestic regime type, property rights protection, population, gdp/capita, economic growth, exchange rate volatility, financial openness.
DV: Net FDI Inflows, measured annually at country level.
Support for all 3 hypotheses. 

        
DQ: How might other regimes set up institutions similar to the ICSID in order to enhance the ability to monitor compliance? This would be difficult to do in the case of issues like human right in the environment. How might incentives be structured in such a way that states would care about their reputations for compliance in these "softer" issues?

      },
	Author = {Allee, Todd and Peinhardt, Clint},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Allee, Peinhardt - 2011 - Contingent Credibility The Impact of Investment Treaty Violations on Foreign Direct Investment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Pages = {401--432},
	Title = {{Contingent Credibility : The Impact of Investment Treaty Violations on Foreign Direct Investment}},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011}}

@techreport{pew2006,
	Annote = {Available at $\backslash$href\{http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/252.pdf\}\{$\backslash$url\{http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/252.pdf\}\}},
	Author = {{Pew Global Attitudes Project}},
	Institution = {The Pew Research Center for the People \& the Press},
	Title = {{America's Image Slips, But Allies Share U.S. Concerns Over Iran, Hamas}},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{endersandsandler2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Enders, Walter and Sandler, Todd},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of Terrorism}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Yamamoto2012,
	Author = {Yamamoto, Teppei},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00539.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yamamoto - 2012 - Understanding the Past Statistical Analysis of Causal Attribution.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {237--256},
	Title = {{Understanding the Past: Statistical Analysis of Causal Attribution}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00539.x},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00539.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00539.x}}

@book{parisandsisk2009,
	Address = {New York},
	Editor = {Paris, Roland and Sisk, Timothy D},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{gelpiandgrieco2001a,
	Author = {Gelpi, Christopher and Grieco, Joseph M},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {794--817},
	Title = {{Attracting Trouble: Democracy, Leadership Tenure, and the Targeting of Militarized Challenges}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Healy2009,
	Author = {Healy, Andrew and Malhotra, Neil},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055409990104},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Healy, Malhotra - 2009 - Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Disasters and Incumbent Punishment},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Disasters and Incumbent Punishment},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {387},
	Title = {{Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy}},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990104}}

@article{Powell1989,
	Author = {Powell, R},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Powell - 1989 - Crisis Stability in the Nuclear Age.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {61--76},
	Title = {{Crisis Stability in the Nuclear Age}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1956434},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1956434}}

@article{Gowa2005,
	Author = {Gowa, Joanne and Kim, Soo Yeon},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gowa, Kim - 2005 - An Exclusive Country Club The Effects of the GATT on Trade, 1950-94.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {453--478},
	Title = {{An Exclusive Country Club: The Effects of the GATT on Trade, 1950-94}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S004388710001858X},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S004388710001858X}}

@book{berman-russell2004,
	Address = {Stanford, CA},
	Author = {Berman, Russell A},
	Publisher = {Hoover Institution Press},
	Title = {{Anti-Americanism in Europe: A Cultural Problem}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{kunicovaandrose-ackerman2005,
	Author = {Kunicov\'{a}, Jana and Rose-Ackerman, Susan},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {573--606},
	Title = {{Electoral Rules and Constitutional Structures as Constraints on Corruption}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Lo2008a,
	Author = {Lo, Nigel and Hashimoto, Barry and Reiter, Dan},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lo, Hashimoto, Reiter - 2008 - Ensuring Peace Foreign-Imposed Regime Change and Postwar Peace Duration , 1914 -- 2001.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{Ensuring Peace : Foreign-Imposed Regime Change and Postwar Peace Duration , 1914 -- 2001}},
	Year = {2008}}

@incollection{Carr2010,
	Author = {Carr, Marilyn and Ito, Sanae},
	Booktitle = {Trading Stories: Experiences with Gender and Trade},
	Editor = {Carr, Marilyn and Williams, Mariama},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carr, Ito - 2010 - Packaged to Perfection The SPS Agreement and Aquaculture in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {117--123},
	Publisher = {Commonwealth Secretariat},
	Title = {{Packaged to Perfection: The SPS Agreement and Aquaculture in Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2010}}

@phdthesis{chiozza2004,
	Address = {Durham, NC},
	Author = {Chiozza, Giacomo},
	School = {Duke University},
	Title = {{Love and Hate: Anti-Americanism and the American World Order}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{sekhon2011,
	Author = {Sekhon, Jasjeet S},
	Journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {1--52},
	Title = {{Multivariate and Propensity Score Matching Software with Automated Balance Optimization: The Matching Package for R}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Huth1993a,
	Author = {Huth, Paul and Gelpi, Christopher and Bennett, DS},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Huth, Gelpi, Bennett - 1993 - The Escalation of Great Power Militarized Disputes Testing Rational Deterrence Theory and Structural Reali.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {609--623},
	Title = {{The Escalation of Great Power Militarized Disputes: Testing Rational Deterrence Theory and Structural Realism}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2938739},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2938739}}

@article{Karlan2005,
	Author = {Karlan, DS},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Karlan - 2005 - Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1688--1699},
	Title = {{Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4132772},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4132772}}

@book{Gibson2005,
	Address = {2005},
	Author = {Gibson, Clark C. and Andersson, Krister and Ostrom, Elinor and Shivakumar, Sujai},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{The Samaritan's Dilemma: The Political Economy of Development Aid}},
	Year = {2005}}

@incollection{katzensteinandkeohane2007d,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {306--316},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Conclusion: Anti-\{A\}mericanisms and the Polyvalence of America}},
	Year = {2007}}

@unpublished{Willardson2013,
	Author = {Willardson, Spencer L.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Willardson - 2013 - Transferring Trouble System Leadership, Superpower, and the Effects of Arms Transfers on Interstate Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {University of Nevada, Las Vegas},
	Title = {{Transferring Trouble? System Leadership, Superpower, and the Effects of Arms Transfers on Interstate Conflict}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Jervis1979,
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jervis - 1979 - Deterrence Theory Revisited.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {289--324},
	Title = {{Deterrence Theory Revisited}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2009945},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {1979},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2009945}}

@article{Bell2012,
	Author = {Bell, Sam R. and Clay, K. Chad and Murdie, Amanda},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611001642},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bell, Clay, Murdie - 2012 - Neighborhood Watch Spatial Effects of Human Rights INGOs.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {354--368},
	Title = {{Neighborhood Watch: Spatial Effects of Human Rights INGOs}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381611001642},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611001642},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611001642}}

@article{crenshaw2007,
	Author = {Crenshaw, Martha},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Number = {January--March},
	Pages = {133--162},
	Shorttitle = {Explaining Suicide Terrorism},
	Title = {{Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Long2007,
	Author = {Long, AG and Nordstrom, T and Baek, K},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Long, Nordstrom, Baek - 2007 - Allying for Peace Treaty Obligations and Conflict between Allies.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1103--1117},
	Title = {{Allying for Peace: Treaty Obligations and Conflict between Allies}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00611.x/full},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00611.x/full}}

@book{hardin1995,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Hardin, Russell},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{One for All: The Logic of Group Conflict}},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Kadera2005,
	Author = {Kadera, Kelly and Mitchell, Sara},
	Doi = {10.1080/07388940500339191},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kadera, Mitchell - 2005 - Heeding Ray's Advice An Exegesis on Control Variables in Systemic Democratic Peace Research.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {311--326},
	Title = {{Heeding Ray's Advice: An Exegesis on Control Variables in Systemic Democratic Peace Research}},
	Url = {http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/Index/10.1080/07388940500339191},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/Index/10.1080/07388940500339191},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388940500339191}}

@incollection{drennan2005,
	Address = {Armonk, NY},
	Author = {Drennan, William M},
	Booktitle = {\{K\}orean Attitudes Toward the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates: Changing Dynamics},
	Chapter = {17},
	Editor = {Steinberg, David I},
	Pages = {280--306},
	Publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
	Title = {{The Tipping Point: Kwangju, \{M\}ay 1980}},
	Year = {2005}}

@unpublished{Gleditsch2011a,
	Annote = {This article has a good model of the climate/conflict thesis on page 5.},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch - 2011 - Regional Conflict and Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Paper prepared for the workshop on Research on Climate Change Impacts and Associated Economic Damages, Washington, DC, 27--28 January 2011;},
	Number = {2009},
	Pages = {1--21},
	Title = {{Regional Conflict and Climate Change}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{smith1995alliance,
	Author = {Smith, Alastair},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Pages = {405--426},
	Publisher = {BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS INC},
	Title = {{Alliance Formation and War}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Kim1991,
	Author = {Kim, W},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kim - 1991 - Alliance Transitions and Great Power War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {833--850},
	Title = {{Alliance Transitions and Great Power War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2111496},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1991},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2111496}}

@book{vasquez1993,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Vasquez, John},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The War Puzzle}},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Lyall2009b,
	Author = {Lyall, Jason and Wilson, Isaiah},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090031},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lyall, Wilson - 2009 - Rage Against the Machines Explaining Outcomes in Counterinsurgency Wars(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {67},
	Title = {{Rage Against the Machines: Explaining Outcomes in Counterinsurgency Wars}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309090031},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309090031},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090031}}

@article{kayser2005,
	Author = {Kayser, Mark A},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {17--28},
	Title = {{Who Surfs, Who Manipulates? The Determinants of Opportunistic Election Timing and Electorally Motivated Economic Intervention}},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Alderson2001,
	Author = {Alderson, Kai},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alderson - 2001 - Making sense of state socialization.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Review of International Studies},
	Pages = {415--433},
	Title = {{Making sense of state socialization}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=82772},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=82772}}

@article{Monteiro2012,
	Author = {Monteiro, Nuno P.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Monteiro - 2012 - Unrest Assured Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {9--40},
	Title = {{Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC\_a\_00064},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC%5C_a%5C_00064}}

@incollection{fukuyama2008,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Fukuyama, Francis},
	Booktitle = {To Lead the World: American Strategy after the Bush Doctrine},
	Chapter = {9},
	Editor = {Leffler, Melvyn P and Legro, Jeffrey W},
	Pages = {204--226},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Soft Talk, Big Stick}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{puttermanandweil2010,
	Author = {Putterman, Louis and Weil, David N},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1627--1682},
	Title = {{Post-1500 Population Flows and the Long-Run Determinants of Economic Growth}},
	Volume = {125},
	Year = {2010}}

@unpublished{Rolfe2006,
	Author = {Rolfe, Rebecca Eve and Langille, Don and Maher, Robert and Stewart, Donna Meagher and Pilkey, Dennis and Smith, Mark and Vanderplaat, Madine and Stiles, Deborah},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rolfe et al. - 2006 - Social Cohesion and Community Resilience A Multi-Disciplinary Review of Literature for Rural Health.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {May},
	Title = {{Social Cohesion and Community Resilience : A Multi-Disciplinary Review of Literature for Rural Health}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{BuenodeMesquita2007X,
	Author = {{Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan and Dickson, Eric S.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00256.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bueno de Mesquita, Dickson - 2007 - The Propaganda of the Deed Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Mobilization.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Terrorism},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Terrorism},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {364--381},
	Title = {{The Propaganda of the Deed: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Mobilization}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00256.x},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00256.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00256.x}}

@article{Korf2010,
	Abstract = {This paper analyses the commodification of post-tsunami aid in Sri Lanka, a process that 'contaminated' the 'purity' of good intentions with the politics of patronage and international aid. It argues that gifts are not just material transfers of 'aid', but also embodiments of cultural symbolism, social power, and political affiliations. The tsunami gift re-enforced and reconfigured exchange relationships among different patrons and clients in Sri Lankan communities, perpetuating the political economy that has driven social conflict and discontent in the post-independence years. Beyond dominant rationales of ethnic or political party patronage, the paper finds that gifts by disingenuous patrons not only became patrimonial, but that the patrimonial rationale emerged as much from above as from below--a dynamic that became nearly inescapable and self-reinforcing. Through three case studies, we explore the intricate chain of relations, obligations, and expectations pertinent in the co-evolving, but often contradictory, gift rationales that permeate the practices, performances, and discourses of tsunami aid.},
	Author = {Korf, Benedikt and Habullah, Shahul and Hollenbach, Pia and Klem, Bart},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01099.x},
	Issn = {1467-7717},
	Journal = {Disasters},
	Keywords = {Altruism,Commodification,Disasters,International Cooperation,Politics,Relief Work,Religion,Sri Lanka,Tsunamis},
	Month = jan,
	Pages = {S60--77},
	Pmid = {19486354},
	Title = {{The gift of disaster: the commodification of good intentions in post-tsunami Sri Lanka.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19486354},
	Volume = {34 Suppl 1},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19486354},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01099.x}}

@book{Wendt1999,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Wendt, Alexander},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Social Theory of International Politics}},
	Year = {1999}}

@incollection{bloom2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Bloom, Mia},
	Booktitle = {Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom},
	Chapter = {2},
	Editor = {Pedahzur, Ami},
	Pages = {25--53},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Dying to Kill: Motivations for Suicide Terrorism}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Wirth1989,
	Author = {Wirth, David A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wirth - 1989 - Climate Chaos.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy},
	Number = {Spring},
	Pages = {3--22},
	Title = {{Climate Chaos}},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {1989}}

@book{przeworskialvarezcheibublimongi2000,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Przeworski, Adam and Alvarez, Michael E and Cheibub, Jos\'{e} Antonio and Limongi, Fernando},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950--1990}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Deudney1991a,
	Abstract = {A feature of the growing discussion of the environmental issues in the United States is the use of language traditionally associated with violence and war to understand environmental problems and to motivate action. The idea of "environmental security" and its implications on spending and organizational priorities are discussed. (KR)},
	Author = {Deudney, Daniel},
	Issn = {00963402},
	Journal = {Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists},
	Pages = {22--28},
	Title = {{Environment and Security: Muddled Thinking}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Hiscox2003,
	Author = {Hiscox, Michael J.},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081899551039},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hiscox - 1999 - The Magic Bullet The RTAA, Institutional Reform, and Trade Liberalization.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818995510},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {669--698},
	Title = {{The Magic Bullet? The RTAA, Institutional Reform, and Trade Liberalization}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818399440858},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818399440858},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081899551039}}

@article{DeHaas2010,
	Author = {de Haas, Hein},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/de Haas - 2010 - The internal dynamics of migration processes a theoretical inquiry.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
	Keywords = {feedback,migration systems,migration theory,networks,social capital},
	Number = {10},
	Pages = {1587--1617},
	Title = {{The internal dynamics of migration processes: a theoretical inquiry}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369183X.2010.489361},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369183X.2010.489361}}

@article{Kinsella2005,
	Author = {Kinsella, David},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055405051774},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kinsella - 2005 - No Rest for the Democratic Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {49--52},
	Title = {{No Rest for the Democratic Peace}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055405051774},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055405051774},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055405051774}}

@article{Efrat2010,
	Author = {Efrat, Asif},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309990257},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Efrat - 2010 - Toward Internationally Regulated Goods Controlling the Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,Trade},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {97},
	Title = {{Toward Internationally Regulated Goods: Controlling the Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990257},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309990257},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309990257}}

@book{kupchan2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Kupchan, Charles A},
	Publisher = {Knopf},
	Title = {{The End of the American Era: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Geopolitics of the Twenty-First Century}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Berge2011,
	Author = {Berge, Erling and van Laerhoven, Frank},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berge, van Laerhoven - 2011 - Editorial Governing the Commons for two decades a complex story.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgements,collective action,common pool resources,commons,complexity,elinor ostrom,governance,governing the commons,norwegian research council and,ntnu,project 10354331 that made,social capital,the,the financial support from,this special,we are grateful for},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {160--187},
	Title = {{Editorial: Governing the Commons for two decades: a complex story}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/260},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/260}}

@article{gentzkowandshapiro2004,
	Author = {Gentzkow, Matthew A and Shapiro, Jesse M},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {117--133},
	Title = {{Media, Education and Anti-Americanism in the Muslim World}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{perssonandtabellini2004,
	Author = {Persson, Torsten and Tabellini, Guido},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {Winter},
	Pages = {75--98},
	Title = {{Constitutions and Economic Policy}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2004}}

@misc{UNVideos2009,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Bangladesh: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHfLX82TMqQ},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHfLX82TMqQ}}

@article{Leeds2003,
	Author = {Leeds, Brett Ashley},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818303574057},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leeds - 2003 - Alliance Reliability in Times of War Explaining State Decisions to Violate Treaties.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {801--827},
	Title = {{Alliance Reliability in Times of War: Explaining State Decisions to Violate Treaties}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818303574057}}

@book{rousseau2005,
	Address = {Stanford, CA},
	Author = {Rousseau, David L},
	Publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	Title = {{Democracy and War: Institutions, Norms, and the Evolution of International Conflict}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Findley2012,
	Author = {Findley, Michael G. and Piazza, James a. and Young, Joseph K.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611001551},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Findley, Piazza, Young - 2012 - Games Rivals Play Terrorism in International Rivalries.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {235--248},
	Title = {{Games Rivals Play: Terrorism in International Rivalries}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381611001551},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611001551},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611001551}}

@article{reuters2010,
	Author = {Reuters},
	Journal = {Reuters},
	Pages = {available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.reuters.com/article/i}},
	Title = {{White House Troubled by Karzai Remarks}},
	Volume = {5 April 20},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Akcinaroglu2010,
	Author = {Akcinaroglu, Seden and DiCicco, Jonathan M. and Radziszewski, Elizabeth},
	Doi = {10.1177/1065912909358581},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Akcinaroglu, DiCicco, Radziszewski - 2010 - Avalanches and Olive Branches A Multimethod Analysis of Disasters and Peacemaking in Interst.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1065-9129},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Keywords = {advocates of,argue,audience costs,can natural disasters promote,disaster diplomacy,rapprochement,rapprochement between,rival states,rivalry,shock},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {260--275},
	Title = {{Avalanches and Olive Branches: A Multimethod Analysis of Disasters and Peacemaking in Interstate Rivalries}},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912909358581}}

@article{Tickner1997,
	Annote = {Tickner, J. 1997. You Just Don't Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists. International Studies Quarterly
        41 (4): 611--632.
- contemporary feminism based on different ontology/epistemology
- the different ontologies/epistemologies are gendered.
- 3 misunderstandings -
1. the meaning of gender
2. the different realities that feminists/nonfeminists see when they write about int'l politics
3. epistemological divides that underlie questiosn as to whether feminists are doing theory at all
- claiming gender neutrality masks masculinist assumptions. "Feminists define gender, in the symbolic sense, as a set of variable but socially and culturally constructed characteristics-- such as power, autonomy, rationality, and public--that are stereotypically associated with masculinity." (614)
- focus is on individuals (616)
- takes issue with "problem-solving" because it implicitly accepts the prevailing order as its framework. (619)
- is gap b/c of disagreement, or b/c fem theory actually does lie outside the field on international relations?
- knowledge on p. 621

        

        

      },
	Author = {Tickner, J},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tickner - 1997 - You Just Don't Understand Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {611--632},
	Title = {{You Just Don't Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2478.00060/abstract},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2478.00060/abstract}}

@article{Acemoglu2001,
	Author = {Acemoglu, D and Johnson, S and Robinson, JA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Acemoglu, Johnson, Robinson - 2001 - The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development An Empirical Investigation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Title = {{The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation}},
	Url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w7771},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w7771}}

@article{smallandsinger1976,
	Author = {Small, Melvin and Singer, J David},
	Journal = {Jerusalem Journal of International Relations},
	Number = {Summer},
	Pages = {50--69},
	Title = {{The War-Proneness of Democratic Regimes, 1816-1965}},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1976}}

@article{BuenoDeMesquita2002,
	Annote = {Bueno De Mesquita, Bruce. 2002. Domestic Politics and International Relations. International Studies Quarterly
        46 (1): 1--9.
- Domestic level has always been important.
- Case study - detailed analysis of individual events
- Large-n Stats - assesses regular patterns. Case study approach provides confidence in internal workings, stats examines the generality of these claims. 
- A necessary condition for an explanation to be true is that it pases tests of internal and external validity.
- Logic of action - (formal theory). Language is too ambiguous. Complex problems are most appropriate time to use formal methods because here it is easiest to make errors in logic. 
- "Leaders, not states, choose actions." (4)

        
What do we know from the combination of these efforts?
- Democratic peace, cooperation (PD) - patience does not always ensure cooperation, rivals w/ equal power more likely to end up at war
- Quote about Florida at bottom of page 7 is good
- BDM's argument is probably consistent with Jackson.},
	Author = {{Bueno De Mesquita}, Bruce},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bueno De Mesquita - 2002 - Domestic Politics and International Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--9},
	Title = {{Domestic Politics and International Relations}},
	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:Domestic+Politics+and+International+Relations\#0},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%5C&btnG=Search%5C&q=intitle:Domestic+Politics+and+International+Relations%5C#0}}

@article{Dietrich2013,
	Author = {Dietrich, Simone},
	Doi = {10.1111/isqu.12041},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Dietrich 2013 Bypass or Engage? Explaining Donor Delivery Tactics in Foreign Aid Allocation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {698--712},
	Title = {{Bypass or Engage? Explaining Donor Delivery Tactics in Foreign Aid Allocation}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12041}}

@article{Mitchell2008,
	Author = {Mitchell, Joshua},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00536.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mitchell - 2008 - Religion Is Not a Preference.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {02},
	Title = {{Religion Is Not a Preference}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381600004886},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381600004886},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00536.x}}

@book{friedman1953,
	Address = {Chicago, IL},
	Author = {Friedman, Milton},
	Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{Essays in Positive Economics}},
	Year = {1953}}

@article{lee2012,
	Author = {Lee, Jung-Eun},
	Journal = {Sociological Perspectives},
	Number = {Fall},
	Pages = {399--420},
	Title = {{Micro-Dynamics of Protests: The Political and Cultural Conditions for Anti-US Beef Protests in South Korea}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2012}}

@book{Pahre2001,
	Author = {Pahre, Robert},
	Booktitle = {International Organization},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081801317193628},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pahre - 2001 - Most-Favored-Nation Clauses and Clustered Negotiations.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818301441},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {859--890},
	Title = {{Most-Favored-Nation Clauses and Clustered Negotiations}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818301441555},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818301441555},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193628}}

@book{buenodemesquitaandlalman1992,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and Lalman, David},
	Date-Modified = {2015-08-20 20:53:48 +0000},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives}},
	Year = {1992}}

@book{fiorina2005,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Fiorina, Morris P and Abrams, with Samuel J and Pope, Jeremy C},
	Publisher = {Pearson Longman},
	Title = {{Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Mousseau2013,
	Author = {Mousseau, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1111/isqu.12003},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mousseau - 2013 - The Democratic Peace Unraveled It's the Economy 1.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {186--197},
	Title = {{The Democratic Peace Unraveled: It's the Economy 1}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/isqu.12003},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/isqu.12003},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12003}}

@article{Garfinkel2004,
	Author = {Garfinkel, Michelle R.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.06.002},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Garfinkel - 2004 - Stable alliance formation in distributional conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {01762680},
	Journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
	Keywords = {conflict,endogenous alliance structure,free-rider problem,resource allocation},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {829--852},
	Title = {{Stable alliance formation in distributional conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S017626800300096X},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S017626800300096X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.06.002}}

@book{russett1993,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Russett, Bruce},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post-Cold War World}},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Pogge2012,
	Annote = {- },
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@article{Milgrom1990,
	Annote = {Milgrom, PR, and DC North. 1990. The role of institutions in the revival of trade: The law merchant, private judges, and the champagne fairs. Economics and Politics
        2 (1): 1--23.
- If informal arrangements based on rep can effectively bond good behavior, then what is the role of formal institutions in helping to support honest exchange? 
- It is the costliness of generating and communicating information -- rather than the infrequency of trade in any particular bilateral relationship -- that, we argue, is the problem that the system of private enforcement was designed to overcome. 3 
            - goal is to transmit just enough information to the right people in the right circumstances to enable the reputation mechanism to function effectively for enforcement. 3 
- incentive problems to be solved: individuals must be induced to behave honestly, to boycott those who have behaved dishonestly, to keep informed about who has been dishonest, to provide evidence against those who have cheated and to honor the decisions of judges. 3. Costs of making queries, providing evidence, adjudicating disputes, and making transfer payments must not be too high relative to the frequency and profitability of trade if the system is to function successfully. 3. Judges ``bundle'' services that are valuable to individual trader with those that are valuable to community. 3. 
1. As trading communities grew larger, it became harder within each community for merchants to monitor one another's behavior 
2. Institutions were needed to prevent reneging by merchants who might cheat in one location. 
- Formal analysis demonstrates it is unnecessary for any pair of traders to interact frequently in order for the boycott mechanism to be effective. All this requires is that people are well enough informed to know who to boycott. 
- So, information is important, but also incentive to punish. Punishing may be costly. 10. A ``judge'' can do this. Players can submit cases to judge, who makes a decision, and then a record is held, which the players can access in the future by paying a small fee. 
Law Merchant centralizes and simplifies histories of players. 
Law Merchant business is itself valuable and LMs wish to maintain their own reputations. 
Core contention: institutions that sometimes arise to make reputation mechanisms more effective by communicating information seems almost beyond dispute. 19. In complete info settings, institutions are frequently unnecessary b/c decentralized enforcement is sufficient to police deviations. 21. 

        

      },
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@article{Datta2004a,
	Author = {Datta, Pranati},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Datta - 2004 - Push-Pull Factors of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal A Perception Study.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Qualitative Report},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {335--358},
	Title = {{Push-Pull Factors of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal : A Perception Study}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{huntington1982,
	Author = {Huntington, Samuel P},
	Journal = {Political Science Quarterly},
	Number = {Spring},
	Pages = {1--37},
	Title = {{American Ideals versus American Institutions}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {1982}}

@book{tocqueville1947,
	Address = {New York},
	Annote = {Translated by Henry Reeve},
	Author = {de Tocqueville, Alexis},
	Editor = {Commager, Henry Steele},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Democracy in America}}}

@article{Braumoeller2008,
	Author = {Braumoeller, Bear F.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055408080088},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Braumoeller - 2008 - Systemic Politics and the Origins of Great Power Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {International System,War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {International System,War},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {77--93},
	Title = {{Systemic Politics and the Origins of Great Power Conflict}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055408080088},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055408080088},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080088}}

@article{Valentino2004,
	Author = {Valentino, Benjamin and Huth, Paul and Balch-Lindsay, Dylan},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818304582061},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Valentino, Huth, Balch-Lindsay - 2004 - ``Draining the Sea'' Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {375--407},
	Title = {{``Draining the Sea'': Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818304582061},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818304582061},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818304582061}}

@article{gandhiandprzeworski2007,
	Author = {Gandhi, Jennifer and Przeworski, Adam},
	Journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	Number = {11},
	Pages = {1279--1301},
	Title = {{Authoritarian Institutions and the Survival of Autocrats}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{Riddell2007,
	Address = {Oxford},
	Author = {Riddell, Roger C.},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Does Foreign Aid Really Work?}},
	Year = {2007}}

@incollection{zinnesandwilkenfeld1971,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Zinnes, Dina A and Wilkenfeld, J},
	Booktitle = {Comparative Foreign Policy},
	Editor = {Hanrieder, W F},
	Publisher = {David McKay},
	Title = {{An Analysis of Foreign Conflict Behavior of Nations}},
	Year = {1971}}

@book{Goldstein2000,
	Author = {Goldstein, Judith and Martin, Lisa L.},
	Booktitle = {International Organization},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081800551226},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Goldstein, Martin - 2000 - Legalization,Trade Liberalization, and Domestic Politics A Cautionary Note.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818300},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {603--632},
	Title = {{Legalization,Trade Liberalization, and Domestic Politics: A Cautionary Note}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300441056},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300441056},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081800551226}}

@article{Magaloni2010,
	Author = {Magaloni, Beatriz},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00458.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Magaloni - 2010 - The Game of Electoral Fraud and the Ousting of Authoritarian Rule.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {751--765},
	Title = {{The Game of Electoral Fraud and the Ousting of Authoritarian Rule}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00458.x},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00458.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00458.x}}

@book{kohutandstokes2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Kohut, Andrew and Stokes, Bruce},
	Publisher = {Times Books},
	Title = {{America against the World: How We Are Different and Why We Are Disliked}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{rubin2002,
	Author = {Rubin, Barry},
	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Number = {November/December},
	Pages = {73--85},
	Title = {{The Real Roots of Arab Anti-\{A\}mericanism}},
	Volume = {81},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Our2005,
	Author = {Our, Conclusion and Checkel, Jeffrey and Dunn, Kevin and Science, Political},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Our et al. - 2005 - Tracing Causal Mechanisms.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {585--586},
	Title = {{Tracing Causal Mechanisms}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Salehyan2008b,
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00343.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2008 - The Externalities of Civil Strife Refugees as a Source of International Conflict(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Civil War,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {787--801},
	Title = {{The Externalities of Civil Strife: Refugees as a Source of International Conflict}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00343.x},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00343.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00343.x}}

@article{Stalley2003,
	Annote = {Stalley, P. 2003. Environmental Scarcity and International Conflict. Conflict Management and Peace Science
        20 (2): 33--58.},
	Author = {Stalley, Phillip},
	Doi = {10.1177/073889420302000202},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stalley - 2003 - Environmental Scarcity and International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {33--58},
	Title = {{Environmental Scarcity and International Conflict}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073889420302000202}}

@article{Broz2001,
	Author = {Broz, JL and Frieden, JA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Broz, Frieden - 2001 - The Political Economy of International Monetary Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {abstract the structure of,both national exchange rate,currency policy,exchange rates,gained increasing,international capital,international monetary relations has,mobility,monetary policy,monetary regimes,policy and the char-,prominence over the past,two decades},
	Pages = {317--43},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of International Monetary Relations}},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.317},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.317}}

@article{hurwitzandpeffley1987,
	Author = {Hurwitz, Jon and Peffley, Mark},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1099--1120},
	Title = {{How Are Foreign Policy Attitudes Structured? A Hierarchical Model}},
	Volume = {81},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{Lake1992,
	Author = {Lake, DA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lake - 1992 - Powerful Pacifists Democratic States and War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {24--37},
	Title = {{Powerful Pacifists: Democratic States and War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1964013},
	Volume = {86},
	Year = {1992},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1964013}}

@book{schelling1966,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {Schelling, Thomas C},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{Arms and Influence}},
	Year = {1966}}

@article{Kydd2001,
	Author = {Kydd, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081801317193600},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kydd - 2001 - Trust Building, Trust Breaking The Dilemma of NATO Enlargement.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818301441},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {801--828},
	Title = {{Trust Building, Trust Breaking: The Dilemma of NATO Enlargement}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818301441531},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818301441531},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081801317193600}}

@article{Locke2000a,
	Author = {Locke, Catherine and Adger, W. Neil and Kelly, P. Mick},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Locke, Adger, Kelly - 2000 - Changing Places Migration's Social and Environmental Consequences.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {24--35},
	Title = {{Changing Places: Migration's Social and Environmental Consequences}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{friedman2011,
	Author = {Friedman, Sharon M},
	Journal = {Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists},
	Number = {September/October},
	Pages = {55--65},
	Title = {{Three \{M\}ile \{I\}sland, \{C\}hernobyl, and \{F\}ukushima: An Analysis of Traditional and New Media Coverage of Nuclear Accidents and Radiation}},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Walter2008,
	Author = {Walter, Stefanie},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080144},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Walter - 2008 - A New Approach for Determining Exchange-Rate Level Preferences.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,Trade},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {405--438},
	Title = {{A New Approach for Determining Exchange-Rate Level Preferences}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080144},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080144},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080144}}

@article{Levy1995b,
	Abstract = {Summary: attacks the "existentialist" view of Mathews's and Myers's linkage of environment and security. Key arguments against this linkage is that it is either a form of double counting or a rhetorical flourish that will fail in boosting public support for environmentalism. 1) The existential linkage points to global change and how it harms the people and resources of a nation to the point where it is one with security issues. Thinking of environmental problems as individual problems is incorrect, better to see them as part of a system. 2) Double counting - these problems are problems in their own right and inclusion of them as a security issues merely invites considering security as something else than protecting vital national interests - in essence, existentialist accounts define security far too loosely. 3) Undermining: a) security is too blunt an instrument to solve environmental problems - there is no readily definable enemy at work (ala. Deudney). 4) Real, direct threats are limited to the ozone hold and climate change. Indirect threats include desertification, ocean pollution, population growth, erosion, and biodiversity loss. None of these threats is effectively dealt with on a military basis, but more on a mundane, day to day basis. Equating these problems with security does not accelerate the process of solving them (e.g.,. Kyoto or Montreal work without reference to security). Homer-Dixon's work failed to provide definitive evidence of the degradation - migration - conflict chain.},
	Author = {Levy, M A},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Keywords = {complexity geog 399 gec social response environmen},
	Pages = {35--62},
	Title = {{Is the environment a security issue?}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Garfinkel2000,
	Author = {Garfinkel, Michelle R and Skaperdas, Stergios},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Garfinkel, Skaperdas - 2000 - Conflict without Misperceptions or Incomplete Information How the Future Matters.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {793--807},
	Title = {{Conflict without Misperceptions or Incomplete Information How the Future Matters}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/44/6/793.short},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/44/6/793.short}}

@article{Schoppa1999,
	Author = {Schoppa, Leonard J.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schoppa - 1999 - The Social Context in Coercive International Bargaining.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {307--342},
	Title = {{The Social Context in Coercive International Bargaining}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=172946},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=172946}}

@article{Cederman2011a,
	Author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Weidmann, Nils B. and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055411000207},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cederman, Weidmann, Gleditsch - 2011 - Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War A Global Comparison.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9550091031},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {478--495},
	Title = {{Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055411000207},
	Volume = {105},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055411000207},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000207}}

@unpublished{geddes1999,
	Annote = {Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, September; available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.uvm.edu/\~{}cbeer/geddes/Geddes.html\} (accessed on 4 July 2012).},
	Author = {Geddes, Barbara},
	Title = {{Authoritarian Breakdown: An Empirical Test of a Game Theoretic Argument}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Cao2010,
	Author = {Cao, Xun and Prakash, Aseem},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000123},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cao, Prakash - 2010 - Trade Competition and Domestic Pollution A Panel Study, 1980--2003.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,Trade},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {481--503},
	Title = {{Trade Competition and Domestic Pollution: A Panel Study, 1980--2003}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000123},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000123},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000123}}

@article{hing2006,
	Author = {Hing, Barry},
	Journal = {The Strait Times},
	Title = {{Americans Are Not Cool Down Under}},
	Volume = {9 October},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{rosato2003,
	Author = {Rosato, Sebastian},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {585--602},
	Title = {{The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Zurn2005,
	Author = {Z\"{u}rn, Michael and Checkel, Jeffrey T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Z\"{u}rn, Checkel - 2005 - Getting socialized to build bridges constructivism and rationalism, Europe and the nation-state.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1045--1079},
	Title = {{Getting socialized to build bridges: constructivism and rationalism, Europe and the nation-state}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818305050356},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818305050356}}

@article{victoroff2005,
	Author = {Victoroff, Jeff},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--42},
	Title = {{The Mind of the Terrorist: A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{halperandclarke2004,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Halper, Stefan and Clarke, Jonathan},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Mesquita1985,
	Annote = {Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce. 1985. Toward a Scientific Understanding of International Conflict: A Personal View. International Studies Quarterly
        29 (2): 121--136.- Five standards of evaluating knowledge: Justificationism (acceptance if proven true), Neojustificationism (Acceptance of the probability that a theory is true, given the preponderance of evidence), Dogmatic Falsificationism (Rejection of a theory because it has been disproven by the demonstration of a single counterexample), Na\"{\i}ve methodological falsificationism (Rejection of a theory, while recognizing that it is not logically falsifiable, if it fails to satisfy pre-established criteria of `significance'), and Sophisticated Methodological falsificationism (Rejection of a theory if it has been superseded by a more powerful one). 
          
- methodological falsificationism is the norm in science. Two limitations: na\"{\i}ve forces us to accept some type ½ errors; rejection alone does not facilitate progress. 
- Progress is best made when one explanation is shown to supplant another (123). Subscribes to Lakatos (T' has excess empirical content (novel facts), explains everything T explained, and some of the novel facts are corroborated). ``Knowledge in its most stringent sense and in its highest form is gained when one explanation is replaced with another, broader, and apparently more accurate one.'' 123 

        
          
Single or Few Case Studies versus Multiple Cases
        
``With one case it simply is not possible both to account for previously unexplained facts (thus satisfying Lakatos's requirement of excess empirical content) and previously accounted-for facts'' (124). Also, ``limits of measurement error'' is very wide. 
``With a single case study, then, small measurement error can lead to results that are flatly preposterous.'' (127) Examples: claim that rigid alliance system caused WWI, while lack of alliance system caused WWII. 

        
          
Induction and Deduction
        
Theory construction always follows on from our previous experience and observation, 128. 
We should all be able to agree that internal, logical consistency is a fundamental requirement of all hypotheses. To the extent that logical consistency is accepted as an elemental requirement of all research, formal, explicit theorizing takes intellectual, if not temporal, precedence over empiricism, 128. 
We generally accept that observation is useful to falsify theory, but observation is not particularly useful for confirming theories, 129. 
Deduction is more efficient. \`{a} 131: Ray's nomological approach? Is it consistent with either induction or deduction? 

        
          
Criteria for Evaluating Evidence
        
Quantification is generally, though not always, preferable to nonquantification, 132. 
Weaknesses of quantification: some sacrifice in internal validity b/c of coding rules; still, there is a tradeoff b/w internal and external (highly detailed coding of one case would not be generalizable). 
Easier to recognize spuriousness in quant. 
Good theory specifices the essential facts needed to explain certain classes of events, 133. 

        
          
A Personal Prescription
        
What researches SHOULD NOT do: 
- Abstract theorizing that lacks empirical referents. 
- Quant analysis of implicit theories (informal, hunches) 
- Nonquant analysis of \^{} 
- Small-N or Large-N studies intended to ``tease out'' patterns 

        
Researchers should focus on collaboration to complement each other's expertise. },
	Author = {de Mesquita, BB},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mesquita - 1985 - Toward a Scientific Understanding of International Conflict A Personal View.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {121--136},
	Title = {{Toward a Scientific Understanding of International Conflict: A Personal View}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2600500},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2600500}}

@book{jones2009,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Jones, Seth G},
	Publisher = {W.W. Norton},
	Title = {{In the Graveyard of Empires: America's War in Afghanistan}},
	Year = {2009}}

@book{Lee2009,
	Abstract = {Says that there will be a Climate Change War comparable to Cold War, but with more "hot" episodes.},
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Lee, James R.},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Armed Conflict: Hot and Cold Wars}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Farber1997,
	Annote = {The results of the multivariate analysis are clear: there is no consistent evidence of a significant relationship between polity type and the incidence of war across the entire 1816-1980 period. Indeed, the results show that what has become conventional wisdom about the effect of democracies on war applies only during the Cold War years. The important confounding variable is shared interests.},
	Author = {Farber, Henry S. and Gowa, Joanne},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Farber, Gowa - 1997 - Common Interests or Common Polities Reinterpreting the Democratic Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {393--417},
	Title = {{Common Interests or Common Polities? Reinterpreting the Democratic Peace}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=6190312},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=6190312}}

@article{carbone2007,
	Author = {Carbone, Maurizio},
	Journal = {West European Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {903--923},
	Title = {{The Domestic Foundations of Italy's Foreign and Development Policies}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{logan1968,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Logan, Rayford W},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Haiti and the Dominican Republic}},
	Year = {1968}}

@article{Datta2004b,
	Author = {Datta, Pranati},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Datta - 2004 - Push-Pull Factors of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal A Perception Study.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Qualitative Report},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {335--358},
	Title = {{Push-Pull Factors of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal : A Perception Study}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Djankov2008,
	Author = {Djankov, Simeon and Montalvo, Jose G. and Reynal-Querol, Marta},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10887-008-9032-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Djankov et al 2008 The curse of aid.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1088700890328},
	Issn = {1381-4338},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
	Keywords = {democracy,effectiveness of aid},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {169--194},
	Title = {{The curse of aid}},
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@book{Keohane1984,
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	Annote = {Keohane, Robert. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.1: Realism, Institutionalism, and Cooperation 
- begins w/ realist insights about power and effects of hegemony. Argues that cooperation can under some conditions develop on the basis of complementary interests, and that institutions, broadly defined, affect the patterns of cooperation that emerge. 9 
- Keohane believes that although cooperation is not always good, it can help foster humane values. 11 

        
2: Politics, Economics, and the Int'l System 
- There is no authoritative allocator of resources: we cannot talk about a ``world society'' making decisions about economic outcomes. 18 
- no secure barriers prevent military and security questions from impinging on economic affairs. 18 
- The pursuit of wealth in the world political economy refers to the pursuit of marketable means of want satisfaction, whether these are to be used for investment or consumed by their possessors. 20 
- the concepts of power and wealth have a common deficiency as the basis for explanations of behavior: to estimate the power of actors, or whether a given product, service, or raw material constitutes wealth, one has to observe behavior---in power relationships or in markets. 20 
- attempts to seprate a sphere of real activity called `economics,' from another spehere of real activity, called `politics,' are doomed to frustration and failure. 21 (see figure 2.1) 
- thinking about int'l political economy in terms of wealth and power does not enable us to construct strong explanatory models of behavior. Yet focusing on the pursuit of wealth and power does contribute to insightful interpretation, since it provides us with working hypotheses about the motivations of actors that emphasize specific interests rather than ideology or rhetoric. 22 
- saying political or economic goals were primary misses the point (in case of Cold War); inextricably linked. 22 
- The key tradeoffs\ldots are not between power and wealth but between the long-term power/wealth interests of the state and the partial interests of individual merchants, workers, or manufacturers on the one hand or short-term interests of the society on the other. 23 
- focus is principally on states. 25 
- analysis begins at systemic level 26 
- What distinguishes my argument from structural Realism is my emphasis on the effects of international institutions and practices on state behavior. 
- Yet no systemic analysis can be complete, 26. 
            - unit-level analysis of US. Microeconomic theory. Accepts rationalist-egoist assumptions. 
Conclusions: systematic analysis will not yield determinate predictions about states' pursuit of wealth and power. Systemic theory can help us understand how the constraints under which governments act in the world political economy affect their behavior. Using ration/ego has three advantages: simplifies premises, making deductions clearer; directs our attention toward the constraints imposed by a system on its actors; places the argument of the book on the same foundation as realism. 

        
3: Hegemony in the World Political Economy 
- Heg stab theory says order created by single dominant power and that order requires continued hegemony. 31 
- there is little reason to believe that hegemony is either a necessary or a sufficient condition for the emergence of cooperative relationships; post-hegemonic coop is possible, 31-32. 
- Hegemony: preponderance of material resources. Four sets important: raw materials, sources of capital, control over markets, and competitive advantages in the production of highly valued goods. 32. Keohane/Nye definition ``one state is powerful enough to maintain the essential rules of governing interstate relations and willing to do so'' 35. 
- one reason for Britain's relative ineffectiveness in maintaining a free trade regime is that it had never made extensive use of the principle of reciprocity in trade. It thus had sacrificed potential leverage over other countries that preferred to retain their own restrictions while Britain practiced free trade. 37 
- empirical evidence for HST is weak. 
- A hegemonic state must possess enough military power to be able to protect the international political economy that it dominates from incursions by hostile adversaries, 39. 
- complex interdependence -- with multiple issues, multiple channels of contact among societies, and inefficacy of military force for most policy objectives. 40 
- Marxist theories (43-46) 
Conclusions: The hegemon plays a distinctive role, providing its partners with leadership in return for deference: but, unlike an imperial power, it cannot make and enforce rules without a certain degree of consent from other sovereign states. Cooperation should be defined not as the absence of conflict -- which is always at least a potentially important element of international relations---but as a process that involves the use of discord to stimulate mutual adjustment. 46. 

        
4: Cooperation and International Regimes. 
- Although hegemony helps to explain the creation of contemporary int'l regimes, the decline of hegemony does not necessarily lead symmetrically to their decay. 50-51. 
- Harmony: a situation in which actors' policies (pursued in their own self-interest without regard for others) automatically facilitate the attainment of others' goals.51 
- Cooperation: requires that the actions of separate individuals or orgs -- which are not in pre-existent harmony---be brought into conformity with one another through a process of negotiation, which is often referred to as `policy coordination.' 51 
            - intergovernmental cooperation takes place when the policies actually followed by one government are regarded by its partners as facilitating realization of their own objectives, as the result of a process of policy coordination. 51-52. 
- if no attempts are made to alter policies, result is discord. 
- Cooperation\ldots highly political: somehow, patterns of behavior must be altered. 
- even when neither power nor positional motivations are present, and when all participants would benefit in the aggregate from liberal trade, discord tends to predominate over harmony as the initial result of independent governmental action. 54 
- concept of int'l regime not only enables us to describe patterns of cooperation; it also helps to account for both cooperation and discord. 56 
- Regimes: sets of implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules and decision-making procedures around which actors' expectations converge in a given area of international relations. principles are beliefs of fact, causation, and rectitude. Norms are standards of behavior defined in terms of rights and obligations. Rules are specific prescriptions or proscriptions for action. Decision-making procedures are prevailing practices for making and implementing collective choice. (Krasner definition) 57 
- it is precisely the linkages among principles, norms, and rules that give regimes their legitimacy. 59. 
- we regard the scope of int'l regimes as corresponding, in general, to the boundaries of issue-areas. Issue-areas are best defined as sets of issues that are dealt with in common negotiations and by the same bureaucracies. 61. 
- regime components risk coming into conflict w/ sovereignty. 62 
- There is no logical or empirical reason why mutual interests in world politics should be limited to interests in combining forces against adversaries. 62 
- ``International regimes should not be interpreted as elements of a new international order `beyond the nation-state.' They should be comprehend chiefly as arrangements motivated by self-interest: as components of systems in which sovereignty remains a constitutive principle. This means that, as Realists emphasize, they will be shaped largely by their most powerful members, pursuing their own interests. But regimes can also affect state interests, for the notion of self-interest is itself elastic and largely subjective. Perceptions of self-interest depend both on actors' expectations of the likely consequences that will follow from particular actions and on their fundamental values. 
Conclusions: regimes can be viewed as intermediate factors or intervening variables between fundamental characteristics of world politics such as the international distribution of power on the one hand and the behavior of states and nonstate actors such as multinational corporations on the other. 

        
5: Rational-choice and Functional Explanations 
- rat-choice can show why we should expect a good deal of coop from advanced market economies; institutions are crucial to successful cooperation, 70. 
- must be careful in applying rat-choice. 1. We may assume too easily that decisions are voluntary (ignores power dynamics) 2. Egoism != rationality. 
- we need to be aware that any agreement resulting from bargaining will be affected by the different opportunity costs of alternatives faced by the various actors -- that is by which party has the greater need for agreement with the other.  Power and dependence in world politics will therefore be important. 71 
- although international regimes may be valuable to their creators, they do not necessarily improve world welfare. They are not ipso facto ``good.'' 73 
- Rational-choice analysis does not necessarily imply that people are egoists. But to use rational-choice logic one needs to make some assumptions about the values and interests of the actors, precisely because the logic alone is empirically empty. 75 
- Outcomes must be determined by a relatively small number of actors that can monitor each other's compliance with rules and practices and that follow strategies making other governments' welfare dependent on their continued compliance with agreements and understandings. 79. 
- incentives to form international regimes depend most fundamentally on the existence of shared interests. These interests may reflect the gains to be obtained from exploiting others more effectively---creating and sharing'rents'---as in raw material cartels. But they may also be based on a mutual desire to increase the efficiency of the exchanges in which they engage. 79. 
- Functional explanations (like Keohanes) are typically post-hoc in nature -- they see something and then justify its existence. 80. 
            - careful to avoid fallacy: institutions may be interpreted as having arisen because of the functions they must have served, when they in fact appeared for purely adventitious reasons. 81 
Conclusions: if egoists monitor each other's behavior 

        
6: A Functional Theory of International Regimes 
- even if US hegemony was a crucial factor in creation of post-war regimes, it is not essential for their continued viability. 85. 
- discussion of Coase pp86-88 
- if transaction costs are too high, no bargains will take place; but if they are too low, under certain conditions an infinite series of unstable coalitions may form. 87 
- architects of regimes anticipate that the regimes will facilitate cooperation. 88 
- int'l regimes cannot establish patterns of legal liability that are as solid as in domestic society; their significance does not lie in their formal legal status. 88 
- regimes allow governments to take advantage of potential economies of scale. Once a regime has been established, the marginal cost of dealing with each additional issue will be lower than it would be without a regime. 90 
- the informational functions of regimes are the most important of all. 92. 

        
- in the absence of appropriate institutions, uncertainty arises with respect to 3 issues: 
1. asymmetrical information -- a problem of systematically biased patterns of information 
2. moral hazard -- when agreements alter incentives in such a way as to encourage less cooperative behavior. Ex. Property insurance may make people care less about their property. 
3. irresponsibility -- noncompliance 
- regimes help deal with all these problems. ``As the principles and rules of a regime reduce the range of expected behavior, uncertainty declines, and as information becomes more widely available, the asymmetry of its distribution is likely to lessen'' 97. 
Compliance: decentralized. Why would states comply with myopic self-interest? 
- regimes easier to maintain than create. Hegemons and crises may facilitate creation. 100 
- ``international regimes help to facilitate the making of agreements by reducing barriers created by high transaction costs and uncertainty'' 100 
- since the level of institutionalization of postwar regimes was extremely high by historical standards, with intricate and extensive networks of communications among working-level officials, we should expect the lag between the decline of American hegemony and the disruption of int'l regimes to be quite long and the `inertia' of the existing regimes relatively great. 101 
- social pressure, exercised through linkages among issues, provides the most compelling set of reasons for governments to comply with their commitments. \ldots egoistic governments may comply with rules b/c if they fail to do so, other governments will observe their behavior, evaluate it negatively, and perhaps take retaliatory action. 103 
- even if gov'ts face domestic pressure form certain industries, they will resist b/c of negative spillover effects 103 
- Disturbing one regime does not merely affect behavior in the issue-area regulated by it, but is likely to affect other regimes in the network as well. 104 
            - For a gov't rationally to break the rules of a regime, the net benefits of doing so must outweigh the net    costs of the effects on other int'l regimes. 104 
- If international regimes depended entirely for compliance on specific retaliations against transgressors, they would be weak indeed. 105 (The power of int'l regimes thus lies in their connectedness, not in any nominal enforcement mechanism?) 
Conclusions: Int'l regimes perform the valuable functions of reducing the costs of legitimate transactions, while increasing the costs of illegitimate ones, and of reducing uncertainty. In next chapter, concepts of ``bounded rationality'' and ``satisficing'' will affect int'l coop. 

        
7: Bounded Rationality and Redefinitions of Self-interest 
- people face limits on ability to make calculations. Limits of cognitive abilities combined with complexity of the world. ``Theories that incorporate constraints on the information-processing capacities of the actor may be called theories of bounded rationality.'' 111 
- people ``satisfice'': they economize on information by searching only until they find a course of action that falls about a satisfactory level -- their ``aspiration level.'' 112 
- If individuals typically satisfice rather than maximize, all the more so do governments and other large organizations. 114. 
- Each government is better able, with regimes in place, to predict that its counterparts will follow predictably cooperative policies. 114 
- Under bounded rationality, the inclination of governments to join or support int'l regimes will be reinforced by the fact that the alternatives to regimes are less attractive than they would be if the assumptions classical rationality were valid. 115 
- If we accept that governments must adopt rules of thumb, the costs of adhering to int'l regimes appear less severe than they would be if classical rationality were a realistic possibility. 115 
- joining a regime changes calculations of long-run self-interest 116. 
            - The convenience of rules of thumb combines with the superiority of long-run calculations of self-interest over myopic ones to reinforce adherence to rules by egoistic governments, particularly when they labor under the constraints of bounded rationality. 116. 
- gov'ts also commit to regimes to prevent future administrations from changing course. 117 
            - policies that are incorporated in international agreements are much more difficult for future governments    to alter. 117. 
            Examples on page 118 
            - (Question: Are there states that are ever tied into conflicting regimes?)p. 120 
- self-abnegation: placing a higher value on lofty goals than national security. 121 
- Altruism is difficult to identify clearly, since apparently altruistic behavior can always be reinterpreted as egoistic: the ``altruist'' may be seen as preferring to sacrifice herself rather than to violate a principle or see someone else suffer. 
- Four imaginable scenarios of relationships between actors: 
1. indifference to welfare of others. 
2. instrumentally interdependent -- interested in welfare of others so far as it affects them. 
3. situationally interdependent -- when improvements in the other's welfare improves their own. 
4. empathetic interdependence -- volunteers from wealthy countries/ aid 
- Even when behavior appears to be motivated by empathy, it may be possible to construct an alternative, and plausible, explanation for it on the premise of egoism. 125. 
- If rational egoism were a sufficient explanation for int'l regimes, how could one explain the moralistic overlay of world politics? 126: for reasons of reputation. Reciprocity prevents moralists being taken advantage of (perhaps to address certain constituencies?) 

        
8: Hegemonic Cooperation in the Postwar Era 
- American power helped to create cooperation, partly through constructing int'l regimes that could organize interstate relations along lines preferred by the US. 135 
- Focus on 20 years after 1947 
American influence rested on 3 major sets of benefits that its partners received from joining American-centered regimes and deferring to US leadership: 
1. A stable int'l monetary system 
2. Provision of open markets for goods 
3. Access to oil at stable prices. 
The US supported the creation of the EEC because of a belief that European integration would contribute to economic growth and therefore to world trade. 149. 
- The nature of hegemonic cooperation in oil---ad hoc rather than highly institutionalized -- was shaped both by opportunities abroad for extension of national power and expropriation of wealth and by the constraints engendered by capitalism and pluralist politics at home. 159. Frustrations due more to domestic politics. 
Conclusions: US not able to simply dictate terms to world, had multiple ways of providing incentives. Trade and money: formal int'l regimes; oil: company-run regime. Failed to institutionalize regime. Three general problems: the relationship b/w power and interdependence, the problem of maintaining hegemony, and the nature of connection b/w hegemony on the one hand and int'l regimes and cooperation on the other. 177. In each issue area, the redistributive phase of US hegemony leadership---aid, acceptance of trade discrimination, and oil shipments to Europe -- followed the establishment of US control over the essential power resources and rules involved. To be successful in the long run, a hegemonic strategy must recreate the conditions for its own existence. Pursuit of a strategy must generate strength, or hegemony will eventually collapse. Therefore, any strategy of hegemonic leadership must seek to maintain the national base of resources upon which governmental influence and leadership rest. America's strategy of hegemonic leadership, finally, shows that hegemony and cooperation are often complementary rather than incompatible. 179. Most important collective good provided was increased certainty. 180. 
            Hegemony reduces uncertainty in two ways: hegemon more willing to make initial sacrifices b/c it expects to have control over others later; the smaller states know the hegemon will enforce rules. Hegemony therefore provides what otherwise has to be constructed more laboriously through int'l regimes: standards for conduct, information about others' likely patterns of behavior, and ways of providing incentives to states to comply with rules. ``If hegemony can substitute for the operation of int'l regimes, it follows that a decline in hegemony may increase demand for int'l regimes'' After hegemony, regimes become more important. 181. 

        
9: The Incomplete Decline of Hegemonic Regimes 
- the argument that nonhegemonic cooperation can occur is supported by evidence in this chapter. 183 
- HST is only partially valid. 
- as a ``first cut'' at the problem, the crude theory of HS makes a contribution by pointing to the importance of material power, yet it does not provide a general causal explanation of the changes that we observe. Cooperation seems also to depend on expectations, on transaction costs, and on uncertainty, all of which can be affected by int'l regimes. 184 
- the trade regime of the mid-1960s, center on GATT, was based on the principles of reciprocity, liberalization and nondiscrimination. 185 
- despite the fact that well-defined rules/procedures governing int'l monetary relations have practically vanished, there has been continuity in regime principles. First, ``embedded liberalism'' persists. Second, strong continuity. Third, respect for principle that domestic policies may be subjected to int'l scrutiny persists. 187 
- Some causal linkages exist b/w decline of US hegemony and deterioration of int'l coop, though they are not as direct and uncomplicated as HST would suggest. 195. 
- The patterns of relative US decline in material resources are highly differentiated by issue-area and vary according the measured used. 200. 
- The theory of hegemonic stability would have led us to expect a rather steady but moderately paced decline in the postwar trade regime, reflecting the shifts in shares of world trade by the major blocs; and this is indeed what we find. Yet the evidence does not establish the validity of the issue-differentiated HST. 202 
- Since coop arises from actual or potential discord, serious discord, such as resulted from the oil crisis of 1973-74, may sometimes be necessary to produce a `great leap forward' in int'l coop. Int'l regimes tend to maintain patterns of cooperation, but they do not necessarily facilitate innovate expansions of cooperation in response to crisis and change. 210. 
- oil, money, trade. 
- Contemporary trade regimes don't create harmony, but they do facilitate cooperation by reducing transaction costs, limiting the legitimate strategies available to actors, and providing information in a relatively symmetrical fashion. They reduce uncertainty and risk. Precisely because they lessen discord, however, they may create incentives for actors to be exorbitantly demanding in their bargaining strategies. 214. 
Conclusions: HST does much to explain changes in int'l petroleum regimes. HST less useful in accounting for disintegration of Bretton Woods balance of payments regime or the continuing decay of the GATT-based trade regime. More cooperation has persisted than HST would predict. The prospect of discord creates incentives for cooperation; and at least in money and trade, international regimes have been sufficiently well developed to facilitate a good deal of cooperation---more than HST would predict. 

        
10: The Consumers' Oil Regime, 1974-81. 
- 1980s offers a test where no hegemon exists. 
- In a post-hegemonic world, the rules of int'l regimes cannot be reliably enforced through centralized organizations. What int'l regimes can accomplish depends not merely on their legal authority, but on the patterns of informal negotiation that develop within them. Rules can be important as symbols that legitimize cooperation or as guidelines for it. 237. 
- the IEA illustrates these points in an exemplary way. The exercise of rule-making and compliance tends to become symbolic, as in the case of targeting. There is almost no prospect that it will ever make or enforce rules that would require governments to toe the line. 237. 
Regimes are less important as centralized enforcers of rules than as facilitators of agreement among governments. 
Strong regimes are those with clear rules and effective incentives to comply with them. 239 
Heg and int'l regimes can both contribute to cooperation. Neither is necessary. 

        
11: The Values of Institutions and the Costs of Flexibility 
- despite persistence of discord, world politics is not a state of war. 244. 
- ``it is even more important to seek to maintain the valuable int'l institutions that continue to exist, since the effort required to maintain them is less than would be needed to construct new ones, and if they did not exist, many of them would have to be invented.'' 247. },
	Author = {Keohane, Robert},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy}},
	Year = {1984}}

@book{Benson2012,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Benson, Brett V.},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Constructing International Security: Alliances, Deterrence, and Moral Hazard}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Neumayer2007,
	Author = {Neumayer, Eric and Pl\"{u}mper, T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Neumayer, Pl\"{u}mper - 2007 - The gendered nature of natural disasters The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expec.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {551--566},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{The gendered nature of natural disasters: The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy, 1981--2002}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x}}

@article{Cottrell2009,
	Author = {Cottrell, M. Patrick},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090079},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cottrell - 2009 - Legitimacy and Institutional Replacement The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Emergence of the Mine.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Institutional Design,Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Institutional Design,Norms},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {217},
	Title = {{Legitimacy and Institutional Replacement: The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Emergence of the Mine Ban Treaty}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309090079},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309090079},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090079}}

@book{stokes2001,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Stokes, Susan C},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Mandates and Democracy; Neoliberalism by Surprise in Latin America}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Hempel1942,
	Annote = {``By a general law, we shall here understand a statement of universal conditional form which is capable of being confirmed or disconfirmed by suitable empirical findings'' (35) 
            - Main function of general laws is explanation and prediction
        
The scientific explanation of the event in question consists of: 
1. A set of statements asserting the occurrence of certain events C1, \ldots Cn at certain times and places 
2. A set of universal hypothesis, such that 
            a. The statements of both groups are reasonably well confirmed by empirical evidence 
            b. form the two groups of statements the sentence asserting the occurrence of event E can             be logically deduced. 

        
``But there is no difference, in this respect, between history and the natural sciences: both can give an account of their subject-matter only in terms of general concepts, and history can `grasp the unique individuality' of its objects of study no more an no less than can physics or chemistry'' (37) 
``A set of events can be said to have caused the event to be explained only if general laws can be indicated which connect `causes' and `effect' in the manner characterized above.'' (37) 

        
An explanation of scientific character is amenable to objective checks; these include: 
a. an empirical test of the sentences which state the determining conditions; 
b. an emp test of the universal hypotheses on which the explanation rests; 
c. an investigation of whether the explanation is logically conclusive in the sense that the sentence describing the event to be explained follows from the statements of groups (1) and (2) 

        
Scientific prediction: deriving a statement about a certain future events from (1) statements describing certain known (past or present) and (2) suitable general laws. (38) 
Distinction b/w explanation/prediction: While in the case of an explanation, the final event is known to have happened, and its determining conditions have to be sought, the situation is reversed in the case of a prediction; here, the initial conditions are given, and their `effect' -- which, in the typical case, has not yet taken place -- is to be determined. (38) 

        
Explanation in history aims at showing that the event in question was not `a matter of chance' but was to be expected in view of certain antecedent or simultaneous conditions (39). 

        
Most historians deny possibility of resorting to general laws even as they seek to explain events (39). Most explanations fail to include explicit statement of general regularities b/c (1) it is assumed the mechanism is obvious (tacit) or (2) it is difficult to formulate assumptions explicitly that are in agreement with all relevant empirical evidence. (40) 

        
Most historians simply offer an ``explanation sketch'' (42). 
In history, no less than in any other branch of empirical inquiry, scientific explanation can be achieved only by means of suitable general hypotheses, or by theories, which are bodies of systematically related hypotheses (44). 

        
The method of ``empathetic understanding'' used frequently by historians does not constitute an explanation. 

        
``Interpretation of historical phenomena'' 

        
``Only the establishment of concrete laws can fill the general thesis with scientific content, make it amenable to empirical tests, and confer upon it an explanatory function. The elaboration of such laws with as much precision as possible seems clearly to be the direction in which progress in scientific explanation and understanding has to be sought.'' (47) 

        
First, the separation of ``pure description'' and ``hypothetical generalization and theory-construction'' in empirical science is unwarranted. Second, it is similarly unwarranted and futile to attempt the demarcation of sharp boundary lines b/w the different fields of scientific research, and an autonomous development of each of the fields. (48) },
	Author = {Hempel, Carl G.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hempel - 1942 - The Function of General Laws in History.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Philosophy},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {35--48},
	Title = {{The Function of General Laws in History}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2017635},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1942},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2017635}}

@article{rosenbergandzahori2010,
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	Journal = {Wall Street Journal},
	Title = {{Karzai Slams the West Again}},
	Volume = {4 April 20},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Mearsheimer,
	Author = {Mearsheimer, John J.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mearsheimer - 1994 - The False Promise of International Institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {5--49},
	Title = {{The False Promise of International Institutions}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539078},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539078}}

@article{Benhabib2009,
	Author = {Benhabib, Seyla},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055409990244},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Benhabib - 2009 - Claiming Rights across Borders International Human Rights and Democratic Sovereignty.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Human Rights},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Human Rights},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {691},
	Title = {{Claiming Rights across Borders: International Human Rights and Democratic Sovereignty}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055409990244},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055409990244},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990244}}

@incollection{hazelwood1975,
	Address = {Beverly Hills, CA},
	Author = {Hazelwood, L},
	Booktitle = {Sage International Yearbook of Foreign Policy Studies},
	Editor = {McGowan, P J},
	Pages = {213--243},
	Publisher = {Sage},
	Title = {{Diversion Mechanisms and Encapsulation Processes: The Domestic Conflict-Foreign Conflict Hypothesis Reconsidered}},
	Year = {1975}}

@article{Goldsmith2009,
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	Number = {03},
	Pages = {863},
	Title = {{Spinning the Globe? U.S. Public Diplomacy and Foreign Public Opinion}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381609090768},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381609090768},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609090768}}

@article{Connor1999,
	Author = {O'Connor, Robert E O and Bord, Richard J and Fisher, Ann},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/O'Connor, Bord, Fisher - 1999 - Risk Perceptions , General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Risk Analysis},
	Keywords = {climate change,environmental beliefs,knowledge,risk perceptions},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {461--471},
	Title = {{Risk Perceptions , General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change}},
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@book{jones2008,
	Address = {Santa Monica, CA},
	Author = {Jones, Seth G},
	Publisher = {RAND Corporation},
	Title = {{Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{kydd2005-06,
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	Volume = {120}}

@article{singer1961,
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@article{Ostrom2011,
	Abstract = {It is instructive to read the article that Katharine Coman published in the first issue of the American Economic Review to gain insight into the problems of collective action related to irrigation in the American West. One gains further understanding of the problems Coman identifies by using a social-ecological system (Ostrom 2007, 2009) to organize the diverse variables identified by Coman. One gains a general lesson from this analysis that changing the formal governance structure of irrigation is not sufficient to ensure efficient investment in facilities or that farmers are able to acquire property and make a reasonable living. Building knowledge and trust are, however, essential for solving collective-action problems. (JEL B31, N51, Q15, Q25)},
	Author = {Ostrom, Elinor},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ostrom - 2011 - Reflections on ``Some Unsettled Problems of Irrigation''.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Keywords = {ostrom},
	Number = {February},
	Pages = {49--63},
	Title = {{Reflections on ``Some Unsettled Problems of Irrigation''}},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Biglaiser2011,
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	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818311000117},
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {531--551},
	Title = {{The Effect of Sanctions on U.S. Foreign Direct Investment}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000117},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818311000117},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000117}}

@misc{barbieri1998,
	Author = {Barbieri, Katherine},
	Howpublished = {$\backslash$verb+http://pss.la.psu.edu/TRD\_DATA.htm+},
	Title = {{International Trade Data, 1870--1992. Version 1.1.}},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Scheve2010,
	Author = {Scheve, Kenneth and Stasavage, David},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000226},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Scheve, Stasavage - 2010 - The Conscription of Wealth Mass Warfare and the Demand for Progressive Taxation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,War},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {529--561},
	Title = {{The Conscription of Wealth: Mass Warfare and the Demand for Progressive Taxation}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000226},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000226},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000226}}

@article{thyne2010,
	Author = {Thyne, Clayton L},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {449--461},
	Title = {{Supporter of Stability or Agent of Agitation? The Effect of US Foreign Policy on Coups in Latin America, 1960--99}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{westad2007,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Westad, Odd Arne},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Fey2011a,
	Author = {Fey, Mark and Ramsay, KW},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fey, Ramsay - 2011 - Uncertainty and Incentives in Crisis Bargaining Game-Free Analysis of International Conflict(2).pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Title = {{Uncertainty and Incentives in Crisis Bargaining: Game-Free Analysis of International Conflict}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00486.x/full},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00486.x/full}}

@article{Fey2007b,
	Author = {Fey, Mark},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-007-9255-9},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Fey 2008 Rent-seeking contests with incomplete information.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {c72,conflict,contests,equilibrium existence,jel classification d72,private information,rent-seeking},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {3-4},
	Pages = {225--236},
	Title = {{Rent-seeking contests with incomplete information}},
	Url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11127-007-9255-9},
	Volume = {135},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11127-007-9255-9},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-007-9255-9}}

@article{Lankina2012,
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	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00550.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lankina, Getachew - 2012 - Mission or Empire, Word or Sword The Human Capital Legacy in Postcolonial Democratic Development.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
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	Publisher = {Duke University Press},
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	Year = {1991}}

@incollection{zaller1994a,
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	Pages = {186--209},
	Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{Elite Leadership and Mass Opinion: New Evidence from the Gulf War}},
	Year = {1994}}

@phdthesis{Bondanella2009,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bondanella - 2009 - Intergovernmental Organizations and the Determinants of Member State Interest Convergence.pdf:pdf},
	School = {University of Pittsburgh},
	Title = {{Intergovernmental Organizations and the Determinants of Member State Interest Convergence}},
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@article{Ramsay2011,
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@unpublished{Jo2008,
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@article{guardian2010,
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	Pages = {\~{}available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.guardian.co.uk/world}},
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@book{Lancaster2007,
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	Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{Foreign Aid: Diplomacy, Development, Domestic Politics}},
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@misc{WorldBank2013,
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	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {469--484},
	Title = {{Bargaining and War}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Sattler2012,
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	Month = sep,
	Number = {04},
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	Title = {{Explaining Public Support for International Integration: How Do National Conditions and Treaty Characteristics Interact with Individual Beliefs?}},
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@incollection{sinno2008,
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	Author = {Sinno, Abdulkader},
	Booktitle = {The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan},
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	Editor = {Crews, Robert D and Tarzi, Amin},
	Pages = {59--89},
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	Title = {{Explaining the Taliban's Ability to Mobilize the Pushtuns}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{dahl1961,
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	Title = {{The Behavioral Approach in Political Science: Epitaph for a Monument to a Successful Protest}},
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	Year = {1961}}

@article{simmel1898,
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@article{Sambanis2013,
	Author = {Sambanis, Nicholas and Shayo, Moses},
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@incollection{moghadam2006,
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	Author = {Moghadam, Assaf},
	Booktitle = {Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom},
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	Editor = {Pedahzur, Ami},
	Pages = {81--107},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Shorttitle = {The Roots of Suicide Terrorism},
	Title = {{The Roots of Suicide Terrorism: A Multi-Causal Approach}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{steenbergenandjones2002,
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	Title = {{Modeling Multilevel Data}},
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	Year = {2002}}

@article{Walt1985a,
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	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {3--43},
	Title = {{Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2538540},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {1985},
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@book{Dinar2011a,
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	Author = {Dinar, Shlomi (Ed.)},
	Publisher = {The MIT Press},
	Title = {{Beyond Resource Wars: Scarcity, Environmental Degradation, and International Cooperation}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Resnick2010,
	Author = {Resnick, Evan N.},
	Doi = {10.1162/ISEC\_a\_00026},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Resnick - 2010 - Strange Bedfellows U.S Bargaining Behavior with Allies of Convenience.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0162-2889},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {144--184},
	Title = {{Strange Bedfellows: U.S Bargaining Behavior with Allies of Convenience}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC\_a\_00026},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC%5C_a%5C_00026},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ISEC%5C_a%5C_00026}}

@article{Mattes2010,
	Author = {Mattes, Michaela and Savun, Burcu},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00444.x},
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	Pages = {511--524},
	Title = {{Information, Agreement Design, and the Durability of Civil War Settlements}},
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@book{kilcullen2009,
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	Author = {Kilcullen, David},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Shorttitle = {The Accidental Guerrilla},
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	Year = {2009}}

@unpublished{Labonne2008,
	Author = {Labonne, Julien and Chase, Robert S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Labonne, Chase - 2008 - Do Community-Driven Development Projects Enhance Social Capital Evidence from the Philippines.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {World Bank Social Development Department},
	Number = {July},
	Title = {{Do Community-Driven Development Projects Enhance Social Capital? Evidence from the Philippines}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Berrebi2008,
	Author = {Berrebi, Claude and Klor, Esteban F.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055408080246},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berrebi, Klor - 2008 - Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Public Attitudes,Terrorism},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Public Attitudes,Terrorism},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {279--301},
	Title = {{Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism? Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055408080246},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055408080246},
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@incollection{ignatieff1996,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Ignatieff, Michael},
	Booktitle = {Europe's New Nationalism: States and Minorities in Conflict},
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	Pages = {213--232},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Nationalism and Toleration}},
	Year = {1996}}

@book{hirschman1977,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Hirschman, Albert O},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its Triumph}},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{Wright2011,
	Author = {Wright, Matthew},
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	Issn = {0162895X},
	Journal = {Political Psychology},
	Keywords = {become a fact of,by the incorporation of,countries,developed democracies have been,diverse immigrant minorities into,diversity,ethnic diversity itself has,ethnocentrism,fabrics,immigration,in most of these,in recent decades,increasingly challenged,life,national identity,public opinion,their broader social},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {5},
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	Title = {{Diversity and the Imagined Community: Immigrant Diversity and Conceptions of National Identity}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2011},
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@article{Brooks2007,
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	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00276.x},
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	Issn = {0092-5853},
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	Keywords = {Trade},
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	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {703--720},
	Title = {{Capital, Trade, and the Political Economies of Reform}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00276.x},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00276.x},
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@incollection{woo-cumings2005,
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	Chapter = {5},
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	Title = {{Unilateralism and Its Discontents: The Passing of the Cold War Alliance and Changing Public Opinion in the \{R\}epublic of \{K\}orea}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{onealrussett1999,
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	Title = {{The Kantian Peace: The Pacific Benefits of Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations, 1885-1992.}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Mattes2012,
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {153--172},
	Title = {{Democratic Reliability, Precommitment of Successor Governments, and the Choice of Alliance Commitment}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000336},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818311000336},
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@unpublished{goldman-sachs2007,
	Annote = {$\backslash$emph\{Goldman Sachs\}, Global Economics Papers, No. 153, available at $\backslash$url\{http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/global-economic-outlook/n-11-acronym-doc.pdf\}},
	Author = {Wilson, Dominic and Stupnytska, Anna},
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	Year = {2007}}

@article{Bennett2000,
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	Url = {http://eugenesoftware.org},
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	Volume = {26},
	Year = {1982},
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@article{Baldwin1979,
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	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {161--194},
	Title = {{Power Analysis and World Politics: New Trends versus Old Tendencies}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=7666432},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {1979},
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@book{bartels2008,
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	Author = {Bartels, Larry M},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Unequal Democracy}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{perssonandtabellini1994,
	Author = {Persson, Torsten and Tabellini, Guido},
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	Pages = {600--621},
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@article{Willardson2013a,
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	Title = {{Under the influence Of arms : the foreign policy causes and consequences of arms transfers}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Clark2011,
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	Doi = {10.1017/S002238161000099X},
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	Pages = {248--264},
	Title = {{Preying on the Misfortune of Others: When Do States Exploit Their Opponents' Domestic Troubles?}},
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	Volume = {73},
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@article{Jacobs2005,
	Author = {Jacobs, Lawrence R. and Page, Benjamin I.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S000305540505152X},
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	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {107--123},
	Title = {{Who Influences U.S. Foreign Policy?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S000305540505152X},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S000305540505152X},
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@incollection{lynch2007,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Lynch, Mark},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Chapter = {7},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {196--224},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in the Arab World}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Caprioli2004,
	Author = {Caprioli, M.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Caprioli - 2004 - Feminist IR Theory and Quantitative Methodology A Critical Analysis1.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {253--269},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Feminist IR Theory and Quantitative Methodology: A Critical Analysis1}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1521-9488.2004.00398.x/full},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2004},
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@incollection{wilkenfeld1972,
	Address = {Beverly Hills, CA},
	Author = {Wilkenfeld, Jonathan},
	Booktitle = {Peace, War, and Numbers},
	Editor = {Russett, Bruce},
	Pages = {275--282},
	Publisher = {Sage},
	Title = {{Models for the Analysis of Foreign Conflict Behavior of States}},
	Year = {1972}}

@article{makdisi2002,
	Author = {Makdisi, Ussama},
	Journal = {Journal of American History},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {538--557},
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	Volume = {89},
	Year = {2002}}

@book{valuenzuela1984,
	Address = {Tegucigalpa},
	Author = {Valenzuela, Jos\'{e} Reina},
	Title = {{Jos\'{e} Trinidad Caba\~{n}as, Estudio Biogr\'{a}fico}},
	Year = {1984}}

@article{Barnett2003a,
	Author = {Barnett, Michael N. and Finnemore, Martha},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081899551048},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett, Finnemore - 1999 - The Politics, Power, and Pathologies of International Organizations.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818995510},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {699--732},
	Title = {{The Politics, Power, and Pathologies of International Organizations}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081839944086X},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081839944086X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081899551048}}

@article{boxsteffensmeierandjones1997,
	Author = {Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M and Jones, Bradford S},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1414--1461},
	Title = {{Time is of the Essence: Event History Models in Political Science}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{jamesandhristoulas1994,
	Author = {James, Patrick and Hristoulas, Athanasios},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {327--348},
	Title = {{Domestic politics and foreign policy: Evaluating a model of crisis activity for the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Robertson2011,
	Author = {Robertson, Graeme B. and Teitelbaum, Emmanuel},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00510.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Robertson, Teitelbaum - 2011 - Foreign Direct Investment, Regime Type, and Labor Protest in Developing Countries.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {665--677},
	Title = {{Foreign Direct Investment, Regime Type, and Labor Protest in Developing Countries}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00510.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00510.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00510.x}}

@book{arendt1966,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Arendt, Hannah},
	Publisher = {Harcourt, Brace \& World},
	Title = {{The Origins of Totalitarianism}},
	Year = {1966}}

@book{nye2011-simple,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Nye, Joseph S},
	Publisher = {PublicAffairs},
	Title = {{The Future of Power}},
	Year = {2011}}

@incollection{Hauge2001a,
	Address = {Boulder},
	Author = {Hauge, Wenche and Ellingsen, Tanja},
	Booktitle = {Environmental Conflict},
	Editor = {Diehl, Paul F. and Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	Pages = {36--57},
	Publisher = {Westview Press},
	Title = {{Causal Pathways to Conflict}},
	Year = {2001}}

@book{Hirschman1945,
	Address = {Berkeley},
	Annote = {Trade dependence can lead to dominance relations. },
	Author = {Hirschman, A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hirschman - 1969 - National Power and the Structure of International Trade.pdf:pdf},
	Publisher = {University of California Press},
	Title = {{National Power and the Structure of International Trade}},
	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:National+Power+and+the+Structure+of+International+Trade\#4},
	Year = {1969},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%5C&btnG=Search%5C&q=intitle:National+Power+and+the+Structure+of+International+Trade%5C#4}}

@article{Pelissero1992,
	Author = {Shepsle, Kenneth A.},
	Doi = {10.2307/419585},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Shepsle - 1979 - Institutional Arrangements and Equilibrium in Multidimensional Voting Models.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {10490965},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {27--59},
	Title = {{Institutional Arrangements and Equilibrium in Multidimensional Voting Models}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/419585?origin=crossref},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1979},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/419585?origin=crossref},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419585}}

@article{fordham1998b,
	Author = {Fordham, Benjamin O},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {418--439},
	Title = {{Partisanship, Macroeconomic Policy, and U.\~{}S. Uses of Force, 1949--1994}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {1998}}

@book{mitchell1998a,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Mitchell, B R},
	Publisher = {Macmillan},
	Title = {{International Historical Statistics: Africa, Asia \& Oceania, 1750--1993}}}

@article{King2010,
	Author = {King, Elisabeth and Samii, Cyrus and Snilstveit, Birte},
	Doi = {10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/King, Samii, Snilstveit - 2010 - Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1943-9342},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Effectiveness},
	Keywords = {africa,community-driven,development,evaluation,participation,social capital,social cohesion},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {336--370},
	Title = {{Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552}}

@article{Fuchs2014,
	Author = {Fuchs, Andreas and Dreher, Axel and Nunnenkamp, Peter},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.09.004},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Fuchs et al 2014 Determinants of Donor Generosity- A Survey of the Aid Budget Literature.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305750X},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Keywords = {aid budget,assistance,extreme bounds analysis,foreign aid,o ffi cial development},
	Month = apr,
	Pages = {172--199},
	Publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	Title = {{Determinants of Donor Generosity: A Survey of the Aid Budget Literature}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X1300212X},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X1300212X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.09.004}}

@article{Holzinger2008,
	Author = {Holzinger, Katharina and Knill, Christoph and Sommerer, Thomas},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002081830808020X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Holzinger, Knill, Sommerer - 2008 - Environmental Policy Convergence The Impact of International Harmonization, Transnational Communicat.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {553},
	Title = {{Environmental Policy Convergence: The Impact of International Harmonization, Transnational Communication, and Regulatory Competition}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830808020X},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081830808020X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081830808020X}}

@incollection{Staring2000,
	Address = {Lanham},
	Author = {Staring, Richard},
	Booktitle = {The Ends of Globalization: Bringing Society Back In},
	Editor = {Kalb, Don and van der Land, Marco and Staring, Richard and van Steenbergen, Bart and Wilterdink, Nico},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Staring - 2000 - Flows of People Globalization, Migration, and Transnational Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {203--215},
	Publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers, Inc.},
	Title = {{Flows of People: Globalization, Migration, and Transnational Communities}},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&amp;lr=\&amp;id=TtF898osFlQC\&amp;oi=fnd\&amp;pg=PA203\&amp;dq=Flows+of+People:+Globalization,+Migration,+and+Transnational+Communities\&amp;ots=gQ3eIOUxBR\&amp;sig=KzJHy-gis1gR-F5g4zhx4OhXM08},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en%5C&amp;lr=%5C&amp;id=TtF898osFlQC%5C&amp;oi=fnd%5C&amp;pg=PA203%5C&amp;dq=Flows+of+People:+Globalization,+Migration,+and+Transnational+Communities%5C&amp;ots=gQ3eIOUxBR%5C&amp;sig=KzJHy-gis1gR-F5g4zhx4OhXM08}}

@article{leedsetal2009,
	Author = {Leeds, Brett Ashley and Mattes, Michaela and Vogel, Jeremy S},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {461--476},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Interests, Institutions, and the Reliability of International Commitments}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{mcnulty1999,
	Author = {McNulty, Mel},
	Journal = {Journal of Modern African Studies},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {53--82},
	Title = {{The Collapse of Zaire: Implosion, Revolution, or External Sabotage?}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Beber2013,
	Author = {Beber, Bernd and Blattman, Christopher},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000409},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Beber, Blattman - 2013 - The Logic of Child Soldiering and Coercion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {War},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {65--104},
	Title = {{The Logic of Child Soldiering and Coercion}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000409},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000409},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000409}}

@article{Borjas1989,
	Author = {Borjas, GJ},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Borjas - 1989 - Economic theory and international migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {457--485},
	Title = {{Economic theory and international migration}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546424},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546424}}

@article{irelandandgartner2001,
	Author = {Ireland, Michael J and Gartner, Scott Sigmund},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {547--568},
	Title = {{Time to Fight: Government Type and Conflict Initiation in Parliamentary Systems}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@book{Terry2002a,
	Address = {Ithaca},
	Author = {Terry, Fiona},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Condemned to Repeat? The Paradox of Humanitarian Action}},
	Year = {2002}}

@book{owen2010,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Owen, John M I V},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{The Clash of Ideas in World Politics: Transnational Networks, States, and Regime Change, 1510--2010}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{macculloch2004,
	Author = {MacCulloch, Robert},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {830--848},
	Title = {{The Impact of Income on the Taste for Revolt}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Fearon2002,
	Author = {Fearon, J and Wendt, A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Wendt - 2002 - Rationalism v. Constructivism A Skeptical View.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Handbook of international relations},
	Title = {{Rationalism v. Constructivism: A Skeptical View}},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=XMsXdZ2kUJMC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA52\&dq=Rationalism+v.+Constructivism:+A+Skeptical+View\&ots=X0oYWnD52I\&sig=3isNwswoS2A8EL4QzBKB1qx3r3s},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en%5C&lr=%5C&id=XMsXdZ2kUJMC%5C&oi=fnd%5C&pg=PA52%5C&dq=Rationalism+v.+Constructivism:+A+Skeptical+View%5C&ots=X0oYWnD52I%5C&sig=3isNwswoS2A8EL4QzBKB1qx3r3s}}

@article{sartori1970,
	Author = {Sartori, Giovanni},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1033--1053},
	Title = {{Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics}},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {1970}}

@article{Gadarian2010a,
	Author = {Gadarian, Shana Kushner},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381610000526},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gadarian - 2010 - Foreign Policy at the Ballot Box How Citizens Use Foreign Policy to Judge and Choose Candidates.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1046--1062},
	Title = {{Foreign Policy at the Ballot Box: How Citizens Use Foreign Policy to Judge and Choose Candidates}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381610000526},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381610000526},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000526}}

@article{lewis2002,
	Author = {Lewis, Bernard},
	Journal = {Wall Street Journal},
	Title = {{A War of Resolve: American Kowtowing to `Moderate' Arabs May Embolden Bin Laden}},
	Volume = {26 April 2},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{leeds1999,
	Author = {Leeds, Brett Ashley},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {979--1002},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Domestic Political Institutions, Credible Commitments, and International Cooperation}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Fearon2007,
	Author = {Fearon, JD and Kasara, K and Laitin, DD},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Kasara, Laitin - 2007 - Ethnic Minority Rule and Civil War Onset.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science \ldots},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {187--193},
	Title = {{Ethnic Minority Rule and Civil War Onset}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055407070219},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055407070219}}

@phdthesis{rendon1988,
	Address = {Oxford, U.K.},
	Author = {Rend\'{o}n, Mary Catherine},
	School = {Merton College, University of Oxford},
	Title = {{Manuel Estrada Cabrera; Guatemalan President 1898--1920}},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Tir2012,
	Author = {Tir, Jaroslav and Stinnett, Douglas M.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343311427066},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tir, Stinnett - 2012 - Weathering climate change Can institutions mitigate international water conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {211--225},
	Title = {{Weathering Climate Change: Can Institutions Mitigate International Water Conflict?}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311427066}}

@article{patersonandsloam2010,
	Author = {Paterson, William E and Sloam, James},
	Journal = {German Politics \& Society},
	Number = {Autumn},
	Pages = {65--81},
	Title = {{The SPD and the Debacle of the 2009 German Federal Election: An Opportunity for Renewal}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{colvin2005,
	Author = {Colvin, Joe},
	Journal = {Nuclear Plant Journal},
	Number = {January/February},
	Pages = {42--46},
	Title = {{Dawn of a New Era}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {2005}}

@incollection{Rosendal2011,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Rosendal, G. Kristin},
	Booktitle = {Beyond Resource Wars: Scarcity, Environmental Degradation, and International Cooperation},
	Editor = {Dinar, Shlomi},
	Pages = {59--86},
	Publisher = {The MIT Press},
	Title = {{Biodiversity Protection in International Negotiations: Cooperation and Conflict}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Colgan2010,
	Author = {Colgan, Jeff D.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002081831000024X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Colgan - 2010 - Oil and Revolutionary Governments Fuel for International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {661--694},
	Title = {{Oil and Revolutionary Governments: Fuel for International Conflict}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081831000024X},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081831000024X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081831000024X}}

@article{slantchevalexandrovaandgartzke2005,
	Author = {Slantchev, Branislav L and Alexandrova, Anna and Gartzke, Erik},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {459--462},
	Title = {{Probabilistic Causality, Selection Bias, and the Logic of the Democratic Peace}},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{reganandpaskeviciute03,
	Author = {Regan, Patrick M and Paskeviciute, Aida},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {287--302},
	Title = {{Women's Access to Politics and Peaceful States}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Keele2005,
	Author = {Keele, Luke and Kelly, Nathan J.},
	Doi = {10.1093/pan/mpj006},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Keele, Kelly - 2006 - Dynamic Models for Dynamic Theories The Ins and Outs of Lagged Dependent Variables.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1047-1987},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {186--205},
	Title = {{Dynamic Models for Dynamic Theories: The Ins and Outs of Lagged Dependent Variables}},
	Url = {http://pan.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/pan/mpj006},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pan.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/pan/mpj006},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpj006}}

@article{Press2011,
	Author = {Chayes, A and Chayes, AH},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chayes, Chayes - 1993 - On Compliance.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {175--205},
	Title = {{On Compliance}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300027910},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300027910}}

@book{jones1940,
	Address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota},
	Author = {Jones, Chester LLoyd},
	Publisher = {The University of Minnesota Press},
	Title = {{Guatemala; Past and Present}},
	Year = {1940}}

@article{belkinandschofer2005,
	Author = {Belkin, Aron and Schofer, Evan},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Number = {January--March},
	Pages = {140--177},
	Title = {{Coup Risk, Counterbalancing, and International Conflict}},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Castles2003,
	Author = {Castles, S.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Castles - 2003 - Towards a Sociology of Forced Migration and Social Transformation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0038-0385},
	Journal = {Sociology},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {13--34},
	Title = {{Towards a Sociology of Forced Migration and Social Transformation}},
	Url = {http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038503037001384}}

@article{Yale2013,
	Author = {Hathaway, OA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hathaway - 2002 - Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Yale Law Journal},
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {1935--2042},
	Title = {{Do Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference?}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/797642},
	Volume = {111},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/797642}}

@article{olson1963,
	Author = {{Olson Mancur}, Jr.},
	Journal = {The Journal of Economic History},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {529--552},
	Title = {{Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1963}}

@article{Jones1978,
	Author = {Jones, Richard C.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jones - 1978 - Myth Maps and Migration in Venezuela.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Economic Geography},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {75--91},
	Title = {{Myth Maps and Migration in Venezuela}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {1978}}

@book{efronandtibshirani1993,
	Address = {Boca Raton, FL},
	Author = {Efron, Bradley and Tibshirani, Robert J},
	Publisher = {Chapman \& Hall/CRC},
	Title = {{An Introduction to the Bootstrap}},
	Year = {1993}}

@book{gilpin1981,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Gilpin, Robert},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{War and Change in World Politics}},
	Year = {1981}}

@misc{CNTS2006,
	Title = {{Cross-National Time-Series Data Archive}},
	Url = {http://www.databanks.sitehosting.net/Default.htm},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.databanks.sitehosting.net/Default.htm}}

@article{Hunter2005,
	Abstract = {Losses due to natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes) and technological hazards (e.g., nuclear waste facilities, chemical spills) are both on the rise. One response to hazard-related losses is migration, with this paper offering a review of research examining the association between migration and environmental hazards. Using examples from both developed and developing regional contexts, the overview demonstrates that the association between migration and environmental hazards varies by setting, hazard types, and household characteristics. In many cases, however, results demonstrate that environmental factors play a role in shaping migration decisions, particularly among those most vulnerable. Research also suggests that risk perception acts as a mediating factor. Classic migration theory is reviewed to offer a foundation for examination of these associations.},
	Author = {Hunter, Lori M},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11111-005-3343-x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hunter - 2005 - Migration and Environmental Hazards.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0199-0039},
	Journal = {Population and environment},
	Keywords = {and environ-,environmental hazards,internal migration,international migration,migration,natural hazards,on migration provide founda-,residential mobility,several classic theoretical perspectives,technological hazards,the association between migration,tions for examination of},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {273--302},
	Pmid = {21886366},
	Title = {{Migration and Environmental Hazards.}},
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@article{Hollyer2011,
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	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611000880},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hollyer, Rosendorff, Vreeland - 2011 - Democracy and Transparency.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1191--1205},
	Title = {{Democracy and Transparency}},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611000880},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611000880}}

@article{Kelman2005,
	Author = {Kelman, Ilan},
	Doi = {10.5153/sro.1063},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kelman - 2005 - Tsunami Diplomacy Will the 26 December, 2004 Bring Peace to the Affected Countries.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1360-7804},
	Journal = {Sociological Research Online},
	Keywords = {disaster,disaster diplomacy,india,indonesia,politics,risk reduction,tsunami diplomacy},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {2000--2005},
	Title = {{Tsunami Diplomacy: Will the 26 December, 2004 Bring Peace to the Affected Countries?}},
	Url = {http://www.socresonline.org.uk/10/1/kelman.html},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2005},
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@article{Dai2006,
	Author = {Dai, X.},
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@article{Mansfield2008,
	Author = {Mansfield, ED and Pevehouse, JC},
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	Pages = {269--294},
	Title = {{Democratization and the Varieties of International Organizations}},
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	Year = {2008},
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@article{jervis2002,
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--14},
	Title = {{Theories of War in an Era of Leading-Power Peace}},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Ansell2008,
	Author = {Ansell, Ben W.},
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	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IR and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IR and Domestic Politics},
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@article{morrowbdmsiversonsmith2008,
	Author = {Morrow, James D and {Bueno de Mesquita}, Bruce and Siverson, Randolph M and Smith, Alastair},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
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	Pages = {393--400},
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	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{bacevich2008,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Bacevich, Andrew J},
	Publisher = {Metropolitan Books},
	Title = {{The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Simmons2000,
	Annote = {Simmons, BA. 2000. International law and state behavior: Commitment and compliance in international monetary affairs. American Political Science Review
        94 (4): 819--835.

        
Int'l legal rules do alter governments' interests in compliant behavior. Cred commit. Acceptance of treaty obligations raises espectations about behavior that are reputationally costly to violate.

        
Questions:
Why do gov'ts commit themselves to these rules? Under what conditions do they comply? Does commitment to an international rule affect gov't behavior?

        
Govt's make commitments to further their interests and comply with them to preserve their reputation for predictable behavior in the protection of property rights. Strong regional effects/standards of behavior. A positive reputation for respecting the rule of law domestically is associated with compliance, which suggests that whenever possible governments will avoid damaging a valuable reputation for law-governed behavior; this consideration deters them from breaking the law in the international sphere. Even though the IMF can nominally enforce rules, it is likely to be the market that "enforces" the public international law of money.

        
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. - the spell of time until the event of interest occurs.

        
Variables: Universality and Regional Norm
DV: Article VIII acceptance

        
Second section: What explains variance in compliance?
Controls: Avg. Balance of Payments},
	Author = {Simmons, BA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Simmons - 2000 - International law and state behavior Commitment and compliance in international monetary affairs.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
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	Pages = {819--835},
	Title = {{International law and state behavior: Commitment and compliance in international monetary affairs}},
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@article{clinton2007,
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	Pages = {2--18},
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	Year = {2007}}

@article{Krebs2009,
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@article{Lake2007,
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@unpublished{glaeser2002,
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@article{alvarezandbutterfield2000,
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@article{Gibler2004,
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@article{Price2008,
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	Year = {2011}}

@article{pevehousenordstromandwarnke2004,
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@article{Bearce2006,
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	Pages = {325},
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	Year = {1978}}

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	Pages = {425--451},
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@book{venablesandripley2002,
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	Year = {2002}}

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	Pages = {543--550},
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@book{davidsonandmackinoon1993,
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	Year = {1993}}

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	Pages = {316--333},
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	Year = {2002}}

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	Number = {4},
	Pages = {723--740},
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	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {357},
	Title = {{Who Are These Belligerent Democratizers? Reassessing the Impact of Democratization on War}},
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	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {379--415},
	Title = {{International regimes, transactions, and change: embedded liberalism in the postwar economic order}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300018993},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1982},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300018993},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300018993}}

@book{warwick1994,
	Address = {New York, NY},
	Author = {Warwick, Paul V},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Government Survival in Parliamentary Democracies}},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{ramiro1989,
	Address = {Tegucigalpa, Honduras},
	Author = {Ramiro, Colindres},
	Publisher = {Graficentro Editores},
	Title = {{Breve Historia de Honduras 1831--1876}},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{honakerandking2010,
	Author = {Honaker, James and King, Gary},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {561--581},
	Title = {{What to Do about Missing Values in Time-Series Cross-Section Data}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Bruneau2003a,
	Author = {Bruneau, Michel and Chang, Stephanie E and Eguchi, Ronald T and Lee, George C and O'Rourke, Thomas D and Reinhorn, Andrei M and Shinozuka, Masanobu and Tierney, Kathleen and Wallace, William a. and von Winterfeldt, Detlof},
	Doi = {10.1193/1.1623497},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bruneau et al. - 2003 - A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Earthquake Spectra},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {733},
	Title = {{A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities}},
	Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/EASPEF/v19/i4/p733/s1\&Agg=doi},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/EASPEF/v19/i4/p733/s1%5C&Agg=doi},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1623497}}

@article{hurrell1990,
	Author = {Hurrell, Andrew},
	Journal = {Review of International Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {183--205},
	Title = {{Kant and the Kantian Paradigm in International Relations}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {1990}}

@incollection{Bremer2000,
	Address = {Lanham},
	Author = {Bremer, Stuart A.},
	Booktitle = {What Do We Know About War?},
	Editor = {Vasquez, John},
	Pages = {3--26},
	Publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers},
	Title = {{Who Fights Whom, When, Where, and Why?}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Levy1995,
	Author = {Levy, Marc A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levy - 1995 - Is the Environment a National Security Issue.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {35--62},
	Title = {{Is the Environment a National Security Issue?}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1995}}

@book{bdmsmithsiversonmorrow2003,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {de Mesquita, Bruce and Smith, Alastair and Siverson, Randolph M and Morrow, James D},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {{The Logic of Political Survival}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Bueno2013,
	Author = {Bueno, Bruce and Morrow, James D and Siverson, Randolph M and Bruce, By and Mesquita, Bueno D E and Smith, Alastair},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bueno et al. - 2013 - All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TESTING NOVEL IMPLICATIONS FROM THE SELECTORATE THEORY OF WAR.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {363--388},
	Title = {{All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TESTING NOVEL IMPLICATIONS FROM THE SELECTORATE THEORY OF WAR}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2013}}

@book{congdon2006,
	Address = {Hoboken, NJ},
	Author = {Congdon, Peter},
	Edition = {Second},
	Publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	Title = {{Bayesian Statistical Modelling}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Elizabeth2009,
	Author = {Elizabeth, N},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Elizabeth - 2009 - Transformative Choices.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {119--161},
	Title = {{Transformative Choices}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Kapur2013,
	Author = {Kapur, S Paul},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kapur - 2013 - The Jihad Paradox Pakistan and Islamist Militancy in South Asia.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {111--141},
	Title = {{The Jihad Paradox : Pakistan and Islamist Militancy in South Asia}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2013}}

@book{walzer2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Walzer, Michael},
	Edition = {2nd},
	Publisher = {Basic Books},
	Title = {{The Company of Critics: Social Criticism and Political Commitment in the Twentieth Century}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Groeling2008,
	Author = {Groeling, Tim and Baum, Matthew a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381608081061},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Groeling, Baum - 2008 - Crossing the Water's Edge Elite Rhetoric, Media Coverage, and the Rally-Round-the-Flag Phenomenon.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1065},
	Title = {{Crossing the Water's Edge: Elite Rhetoric, Media Coverage, and the Rally-Round-the-Flag Phenomenon}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381608081061},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381608081061},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608081061}}

@article{morganandbickers1992,
	Author = {Morgan, T Clifton and Bickers, Kenneth N},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {25--52},
	Title = {{Domestic Discontent and the External Use of Force}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{Swain1996a,
	Abstract = {Recently, a substantial amount of research has been devoted to establishing that environmental destruction itself may be the cause of conflict. Conflicts may arise directly due to scarcity of resources caused by environmental destruction, and can also be the potential consequence of environmentally forced population migration. India and Bangladesh are in a long-standing dispute over the sharing of the waters of the River Ganges. Since 1975, India has been diverting most of the dry-season flow of the river to one of her internal rivers, before it reaches Bangladesh. At Farakka, this has affected agricultural and industrial production, disrupted domestic water supply, fishing and navigation, and changed the hydraulic character of the rivers and the ecology of the Delta in the down-stream areas. These trans-border the sources of living of a large population in the south-western part of Bangladesh and have necessitated their migration in the pursuit of survival. The absence of alternatives in the other parts of the country has left no other option for these Bangladeshis but to migrate into India. The large-scale migration, from the late 1970s, of these Muslim migrants into Hindu-dominated India has culminated in a number of native-migrant conflicts in the re- ceiving society. The Indian state of Assam, which received a large proportion of these migrants, was the first to experience conflict. Conflicts between natives and migrants have now spread to other parts of India and have be- come a major issue for politically rising Hindu organizations. As this study determines, environmental destruc- tion not only creates resource scarcity conflicts, it can also force the people to migrate, thus leading to native- migrant conflicts in the receiving society.},
	Author = {Swain, Ashok},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Swain - 1996 - Destruction in Displacing the Conflict Environmental Bangladesh and Ethnic Conflict in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {189--204},
	Title = {{Destruction in Displacing the Conflict : Environmental Bangladesh and Ethnic Conflict in India}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{onealandtir2006,
	Author = {Oneal, John R and Tir, Jaroslav},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {755--779},
	Title = {{Does the Diversionary Use of Force Threaten the Democratic Peace? \{A\}ssessing the Effect of Economic Growth on Interstate Conflict, 1921--2001}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@misc{UN2005a,
	Author = {UN},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/UN - 2005 - International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 Building the Resilience of Nations.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience of Nations}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Wagner1994,
	Author = {Wagner, R. Harrison},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wagner - 1994 - Peace, War, and the Balance of Power.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {593--607},
	Title = {{Peace, War, and the Balance of Power}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2944797},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2944797}}

@book{bible,
	Address = {Grand Rapids, MI},
	Edition = {10th Anniv},
	Editor = {Barker, Kenneth},
	Publisher = {Zondervan Publishing House},
	Title = {{The NIV Study Bible}},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Battig2009,
	Author = {B\"{a}ttig, Mich\`{e}le B. and Bernauer, Thomas},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090092},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/B\"{a}ttig, Bernauer - 2009 - National Institutions and Global Public Goods Are Democracies More Cooperative in Climate Change Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Cooperation},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Cooperation},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {281},
	Title = {{National Institutions and Global Public Goods: Are Democracies More Cooperative in Climate Change Policy?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309090092},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309090092},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090092}}

@book{pond2004,
	Address = {Washington, D.C.},
	Author = {Pond, Elizabeth},
	Publisher = {European Union Studies Association/Brookings Institution Press},
	Title = {{Friendly Fire: The Near-Death of the Transatlantic Alliance}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Mitchell2010,
	Author = {Mitchell, Peter K.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00923.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mitchell - 2010 - Distributing the Fish Two-Level Games in the Commons.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9780791475393},
	Issn = {15219488},
	Journal = {International Studies Review},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {150--152},
	Title = {{Distributing the Fish: Two-Level Games in the Commons}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00923.x}}

@article{Diehl2006,
	Author = {Diehl, Paul},
	Doi = {10.1080/07388940600837490},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Diehl - 2006 - Just a Phase Integrating Conflict Dynamics Over Time.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0738894060083},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {199--210},
	Title = {{Just a Phase?: Integrating Conflict Dynamics Over Time}},
	Url = {http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/Index/10.1080/07388940600837490},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/Index/10.1080/07388940600837490},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388940600837490}}

@book{hollander1995,
	Address = {New Brunswick, NJ},
	Author = {Hollander, Paul},
	Publisher = {Transaction Publishers},
	Title = {{Anti-Americanism: Irrational \& Rational}},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{berk2006,
	Author = {Berk, Richard A},
	Journal = {Sociological Methods \& Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {263--295},
	Title = {{An Introduction to Ensemble Methods for Data Analysis}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Benson2011,
	Author = {Benson, Brett V.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611000867},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Benson - 2011 - Unpacking Alliances Deterrent and Compellent Alliances and Their Relationship with Conflict, 1816--2000.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1111--1127},
	Title = {{Unpacking Alliances: Deterrent and Compellent Alliances and Their Relationship with Conflict, 1816--2000}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381611000867},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611000867},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611000867}}

@incollection{stubbs2008,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Stubbs, Richard},
	Booktitle = {Counterinsurgency in Modern Warfare},
	Editor = {Marston, Daniel and Malkasian, Carter},
	Pages = {113--130},
	Publisher = {Osprey Publishing},
	Title = {{From Search and Destroy to Hearts and Minds: The Evolution of British Strategy in Malaya 1948--60}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Homer-Dixon1994,
	Annote = {Homer-Dixon, T.F. 1994. Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases. International security
        19 (1). : 5--40.

        
environmental scarcities are already contributing to violent conflicts in many parts of the developing world. These conflicts are probably the early signs of an upsurge of violence in the coming decades that will be induced or aggravated by scarcity. },
	Author = {Homer-Dixon, T.F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Homer-Dixon - 1994 - Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict Evidence from Cases.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {5--40},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{prinsanddaxecker2008,
	Author = {Prins, Brandon C and Daxecker, Ursula E},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {17--34},
	Title = {{Committed to Peace? Liberal Institutions and the Termination of Rivalry}},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{parmarandcox2010,
	Address = {New York},
	Editor = {Parmar, Inderjeet and Cox, Michael},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Shorttitle = {Soft Power and US Foreign Policy},
	Title = {{Soft Power and US Foreign Policy: Theoretical, Historical and Contemporary Perspectives}},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{popper1963,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Popper, Karl R},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{The Open Society and its Enemies}},
	Year = {1963}}

@misc{Ahmed2012,
	Address = {Satkhira},
	Author = {Ahmed, Abu},
	Booktitle = {The Daily Star (Bangladesh)},
	Month = mar,
	Title = {{Water crisis grips Satkhira town due to fall in water tables}},
	Url = {http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=227587},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=227587}}

@article{Donnelly2012,
	Author = {Donnelly, Jack},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000240},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Donnelly - 2012 - The Elements of the Structures of International Systems.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {International System},
	Mendeley-Tags = {International System},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {609--643},
	Title = {{The Elements of the Structures of International Systems}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000240},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000240},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000240}}

@book{DeWaal1997,
	Address = {Bloomington, IN},
	Author = {de Waal, Alex},
	Publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	Title = {{Famine Crimes: Politics \& the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa}},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{diciccioandefron1996,
	Author = {DiCiccio, Thomas J and Efron, Bradley},
	Journal = {Statistical Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {189--212},
	Title = {{Bootstrap Confidence Intervals}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Deudney1990,
	Abstract = {Summary: cogent argument against linking environment and security. 1) Security is an interstate violence issue, not an environmental one. There are only indirect linkages between the two, including: a) spending money on guns means less for the environment; b) war directly destroys the environment; and c) war preparation causes much pollution and consumes resources. Key differences between security and environment issues lie in: a) differing scope threat (e.g., death vs. all sorts of problems); b) source of threat is external and other states vs. internal/external and wide range of sources; c) intentional differs between intentional and concentrated vs. accidental and widespread; and d) types of organization differ between specialized forces vs. basically everyone. 2) Attempting to mobilize environmental movements on the basis of security can undermine globalist political sensibility by fostering a nationalistic us vs. them mentality. An other problem is that it is hard to mobilize against a long-term and diffuse threat. Environmental problems are also not zero-sum and immediate interest based. 3) Desire for resources is unlikely to cause conflict: a) a world trade system makes particular location of resources less important; b) it is hard to take over and subdue another country; and c) there is greater technology-led substitutability of resources. 4) Environmental degradation is unlikely to cause conflict: a) resource poor situations do not necessary create war (e.g., Japan); b) poor people don't necessarily want to think about waging a war, they just want to survive (full bellies argument vs. Africa? hello?); c) Highly asymmetrical pollution relationships are rare; and d) Global commons problems can't be fixed by fighting because everyone contributes.},
	Author = {Deudney, Daniel},
	Doi = {10.1177/03058298900190031001},
	Isbn = {0305829890},
	Issn = {03058298},
	Journal = {Millennium: Journal of International Studies},
	Pages = {461--476},
	Title = {{The Case Against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190031001}}

@article{Ramsay,
	Author = {Ramsay, Kristopher W},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ramsay - Unknown - INDUCING DETERRENCE THROUGH MORAL HAZARD IN.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{INDUCING DETERRENCE THROUGH MORAL HAZARD IN}}}

@unpublished{apsa2009,
	Annote = {Long Report of the Task Force on U.S. Standing in World Affairs, available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.apsanet.org/media/PDFs/APSA\_TF\_USStanding\_Long\_Report.pdf\}},
	Author = {{American Political Science Association}},
	Title = {{\{US\} Standing in the World: Causes, Consequences, and the Future}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Weight2013,
	Author = {Weight, The and Author, Past and Source, Dan Reiter and Politics, World},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weight et al. - 2013 - The Weight of the Shadow of the Past.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {490--526},
	Title = {{The Weight of the Shadow of the Past}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2013}}

@book{stewartandknaus2011,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Stewart, Rory and Knaus, Gerald},
	Publisher = {W.W. Norton},
	Title = {{Can Intervention Work?}},
	Year = {2011}}

@book{Simmons2009,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Annote = {Simmons, Beth A. 2009. Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
          

        
        
          
Introduction
        
Once made, formal commitments can have impact. Treaties serve notice that gov'ts are accountable -- domestically and externally -- for refraining from the abuses proscribed by their own mutual agreements. Treaties signal a seriousness of intent that is difficult to replicate in other ways. They reflect politics but they also shape political behavior. It is b/c they can constrain that they are contentious. Treaty commitments are directly available to groups and individuals whom I view as active agents as part of a political strategy of mobilizing to formulate and demand their own liberation.
        

        
The single strongest motive for ratification in the absence of a strong value commitment is the preference that nearly all governments have to avoid the social and political pressures of remaining aloof from a multilateral agreement to which most of their peers have already committed themselves. As more peers ratify, harder to justify not ratifying. Major claim/argument: Treaties play a constraining role. Regimes focus actors' expectations. 3 domestic mechanisms: ability of a treaty to effect elite-initiated agendas, to support litigation, and to spark political mobilization. In many cases treaties insert issues into domestic politics that would not have otherwise been there. Even the most politically sensitive human rights treaties have significant positive effects in those countries where political institutions have been unstable. Even on torture and repression. 

        
          
Chapter 3: Theories of Commitment
        
Gov'ts ratify b/c they intend to comply. Gov'ts that have not experienced democracy or hold values antithetical to treaties do not ratify. This is important because if theories of ``costless commitment'' were correct, we would expect governments to sign regardless. 

        
          
Chapter 4: Theories of Compliance
        
Models of self-enforcement and signaling are not convincing. Citizens of states that ratify are those that care about the commitment the most. A treaty influences both the ideational and strategic components of mobilization's expected value. Probability of success seems higher when ratification occurs. At least in the case of civil and political rights, a treaty's greatest impact is likely to be found not in the stable extremes of democracy and autocracy, but in the mass of nations with institutions in flux, where citizens potentially have both the motive and the means to succeed in demanding their rights. 

        
          
Chapter 5: Civil Rights.
        
One of most striking findings is stronger treaty effects in countries experiencing regime instability of transition \`{a} consistent w/ Vreeland? probably },
	Author = {Simmons, Beth A},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Rose1998,
	Author = {Rose, G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rose - 1998 - Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {144--172},
	Title = {{Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=7625792},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=7625792}}

@unpublished{usfk2009,
	Annote = {Strategic Digest, March 2009},
	Author = {{U.S. Forces Korea}},
	Title = {{The New \{K\}orea}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Shannon2009,
	Author = {Shannon, Megan},
	Doi = {10.1177/0738894208101127},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Shannon - 2009 - Preventing War and Providing the Peace International Organizations and the Management of Territorial Disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Keywords = {bilateral conflict management,conflict,conflict management,international organizations,resolution,territorial claims,third party conflict},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {144--163},
	Title = {{Preventing War and Providing the Peace?: International Organizations and the Management of Territorial Disputes}},
	Url = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0738894208101127},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0738894208101127},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894208101127}}

@incollection{risse2002,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Risse, Thomas},
	Booktitle = {America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power},
	Editor = {Ikenberry, G John},
	Pages = {260--283},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{U.S. Power in a Liberal Security Community}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{bdmandsiverson1995,
	Author = {de Mesquita, Bruce and Siverson, Randolph M},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {841--855},
	Title = {{War and the Survival of Political Leaders: A Comparative Study of Regime Types and Political Accountability}},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Gowa1993,
	Author = {Gowa, J and Mansfield, ED},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gowa, Mansfield - 1993 - Power Politics and International Trade.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {408--420},
	Title = {{Power Politics and International Trade}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2939050},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2939050}}

@article{walt1991,
	Author = {Walt, Stephen M},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {211--239},
	Title = {{The Renaissance of Security Studies}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Creveld2011,
	Author = {Creveld, Van},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Creveld - 2011 - 56\#\$.6.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {56\#\$+.+6;},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{boxsteffensmeierandzorn2001,
	Author = {Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M and Zorn, Christopher J W},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {972--988},
	Title = {{Duration Models and Proportional Hazards in Political Science}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Gartzke2013,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik and Weisiger, Alex},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gartzke, Weisiger - 2013 - Permanent Friends Dynamic Difference and the Democratic Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {January},
	Title = {{Permanent Friends? Dynamic Difference and the Democratic Peace}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isqu.12046/full},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isqu.12046/full}}

@book{cox2010,
	Address = {Boulder, CO},
	Author = {Cox, Eric},
	Publisher = {FirstForumPress},
	Title = {{Why Enduring Rivalries Do (or Don't) End}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Savun2012,
	Author = {Savun, Burcu and Tirone, Daniel C.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000136},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Savun, Tirone - 2012 - Exogenous Shocks, Foreign Aid, and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Civil War,Foreign Aid},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War,Foreign Aid},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {363--393},
	Title = {{Exogenous Shocks, Foreign Aid, and Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000136},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000136},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000136}}

@techreport{patternsofglobalterrorism2003,
	Author = {{United States Department of State}},
	Title = {{$\backslash$emph\{Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2003\}}},
	Type = {Washington, \{D.C.\}; available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/31932.pdf\}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{whitfieldetal2009,
	Author = {Whitfield, Stephen C and Rosa, Eugene A and Dan, Amy and Dietz, Thomas},
	Journal = {Risk Analysis},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {425--437},
	Title = {{The Future of Nuclear Power: Value Orientations and Risk Perception}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{bush1991,
	Author = {Bush, George H W},
	Journal = {Financial Times},
	Pages = {Section I; Pg. 2},
	Title = {{The Gulf War; Bush Statement, Remarks to the American Academy for Advancement of Science}},
	Volume = {16 Februar},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Kydd2003,
	Author = {Kydd, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1111/1540-5907.00042},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kydd - 2003 - Which Side Are You On Bias, Credibility, and Mediation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {597--611},
	Title = {{Which Side Are You On? Bias, Credibility, and Mediation}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1540-5907.00042},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1540-5907.00042},
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@article{Jones2009,
	Author = {Jones, Reece},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jones - 2009 - Geopolitical boundary narratives, the global war on terror and border fencing in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers},
	Keywords = {borders security,global war on terror,sovereign state system},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {290--304},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Geopolitical boundary narratives, the global war on terror and border fencing in India}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00350.x/full},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2009},
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@incollection{keohaneandkatzenstein2007b,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Keohane, Robert O and Katzenstein, Peter J},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {273--305},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{The Political Consequences of Anti-\{A\}mericanism}},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{Hilbe2007,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Hilbe, Joseph M.},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Negative Binomial Regression}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{burns1996,
	Author = {Burns, John F},
	Journal = {The New York Times},
	Pages = {\~{}available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/}},
	Title = {{At an Afghan Execution: It's Swift and Personal}},
	Volume = {19 Decembe},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Conrad2013,
	Author = {Conrad, Courtenay R. and Ritter, Emily Hencken},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381613000091},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Conrad, Ritter - 2013 - Treaties, Tenure, and Torture The Conflicting Domestic Effects of International Law.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {397--409},
	Title = {{Treaties, Tenure, and Torture: The Conflicting Domestic Effects of International Law}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381613000091},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381613000091},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613000091}}

@article{roessler2011,
	Author = {Roessler, Philip},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {300--346},
	Title = {{The Enemy Within: Personal Rule, Coups, and Civil War in Africa}},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{States2006,
	Author = {States, United and Ocean, Indian and Lanka, Sri and Katrina, Hurricane},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/States et al. - 2006 - ACTING ON DISASTER DIPLOMACY llan Kelman.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Title = {{ACTING ON DISASTER DIPLOMACY llan Kelman}},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Slantchev2009,
	Annote = {The steps to war explanation is:
1. humans are attached to territory
2. states tend to handle territorial claims through realpolitik
3. repeated use of these realpolitik tactics creates security dilemma
4. these steps eventually lead to war. 
if you try to get peace by preparing for war, you will get war. 

        
authors find that territory increases likelihood of MID and of MIDs being destabilized to war. Slantchev says nationalist leaders are an omitted variable b/c they use territory as a pretext. Also, endogeneity (leaders who anticipate war use territorial claims to consolidate domestic support for their war policies). 

        
Coding ignores temporal sequencing. 

        
No theory for interactions.},
	Author = {Slantchev, Branislav L},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Slantchev - 2009 - The Steps to War An Empirical Study.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{The Steps to War: An Empirical Study}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{nincicandhinckley1991,
	Author = {Nincic, Miroslav and Hinckley, Barbara},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {333--355},
	Title = {{Foreign Policy and the Evaluation of Presidential Candidates}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{diermeierandstevenson1999,
	Author = {Diermeier, Daniel and Stevenson, Randy T},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1051--1068},
	Title = {{Cabinet survival and Competing Risks}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Moet2008,
	Abstract = {The prevalence of previously undiagnosed leprosy (PPUL) in the general population was determined to estimate the background level of leprosy in the population and to compare this with registered prevalence and the known PPUL in different levels of contacts of leprosy patients.},
	Author = {Moet, Fake J and Schuring, Ron P and Pahan, David and Oskam, Linda and Richardus, Jan Hendrik},
	Doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0000198},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moet et al. - 2008 - The prevalence of previously undiagnosed leprosy in the general population of northwest bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1935-2735},
	Journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
	Keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Distribution,Bangladesh,Bangladesh: epidemiology,Child,Humans,Leprosy,Leprosy: epidemiology,Prevalence,Risk Factors,Young Adult},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--4},
	Pmid = {18301731},
	Title = {{The prevalence of previously undiagnosed leprosy in the general population of northwest bangladesh.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2254205\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2254205%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000198}}

@book{rashid2008,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Rashid, Ahmed},
	Publisher = {Viking},
	Title = {{Descent into Chaos: The U.S. and the Disaster in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{bondbondohjenkinstaylor2003,
	Author = {Bond, Doug and Bond, Joe and Jenkins, J Craig and Taylor, Charles Lewis},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {733--745},
	Title = {{Integrated Data for Events Analysis (IDEA): An Event Typology for Automated Events Data Development}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Achen2002,
	Author = {Achen, Christopher H.},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.112801.080943},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Achen - 2002 - Toward a New Political Methodology Microfoundations and ART.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1094-2939},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {423--450},
	Title = {{Toward a New Political Methodology: Microfoundations and ART}},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.112801.080943},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.112801.080943},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.5.112801.080943}}

@book{gaddis1972,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Gaddis, John Lewis},
	Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	Title = {{The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941-1947}},
	Year = {1972}}

@article{Singh2004,
	Author = {Singh, Sonali and Way, Christopher R.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002704269655},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Singh, Way - 2004 - The Correlates of Nuclear Proliferation A Quantitative Test.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {859--885},
	Title = {{The Correlates of Nuclear Proliferation: A Quantitative Test}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002704269655},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002704269655},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002704269655}}

@book{waltz1959,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Waltz, Kenneth N},
	Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	Title = {{Man, the State, and War: A Theoretical Analysis}},
	Year = {1959}}

@article{Crescenzi2003,
	Author = {Crescenzi, MJC},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Crescenzi - 2003 - Economic exit, interdependence, and conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {809--832},
	Title = {{Economic exit, interdependence, and conflict}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2508.00213/full},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2508.00213/full}}

@incollection{cumings2005,
	Address = {Armonk, NY},
	Author = {Cumings, Bruce},
	Booktitle = {\{K\}orean Attitudes Toward the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates: Changing Dynamics},
	Chapter = {7},
	Editor = {Steinberg, David I},
	Pages = {91--115},
	Publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
	Title = {{The Structural Basis of `Anti-\{A\}mericanism' in the \{R\}epublic of \{K\}orea}},
	Year = {2005}}

@misc{EM-DAT2009,
	Author = {EM-DAT},
	Title = {{The International Disaster Database}},
	Url = {http://www.em-dat.be},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.em-dat.be}}

@article{Weeks2011,
	Author = {Weeks, Jessica L.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weeks - 2011 - Strongmen and Straw Men Authoritarian Regimes and the Initiation of International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Available at SSRN 1748516},
	Pages = {1--50},
	Title = {{Strongmen and Straw Men: Authoritarian Regimes and the Initiation of International Conflict}},
	Url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract\_id=1748516},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract%5C_id=1748516}}

@misc{Wagner2007,
	Address = {Ann Arbor},
	Author = {Wagner, R. Harrison},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wagner - 2007 - War and the State The Theory of International Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	Title = {{War and the State: The Theory of International Politics}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{cammettandmalesky2012,
	Author = {Cammett, Melani and Malesky, Edmund J},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {982--1016},
	Title = {{Power-Sharing in Post-Conflict Societies: Implications for Peace and Governance}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012}}

@misc{UnitedNationsVideos2009b,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Nepal: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNfI9HzQmU\&feature=relmfu},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNfI9HzQmU%5C&feature=relmfu}}

@book{riker1982,
	Address = {Prospect Hights, IL},
	Author = {Riker, William H},
	Publisher = {Waveland Press},
	Title = {{Liberalism against Populism: A Confrontation between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice}},
	Year = {1982}}

@book{sardaranddavies2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Sardar, Ziauddin and Davies, Merryl Wyn},
	Publisher = {Disinformation},
	Title = {{Why Do People Hate America?}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Pulver2009,
	Author = {Pulver, Simone and VanDeveer, Stacy D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pulver, VanDeveer - 2009 - ``Thinking About Tomorrows'' Scenarios, Global Environmental Politics, and Social Science Scholarship.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--13},
	Title = {{``Thinking About Tomorrows'': Scenarios, Global Environmental Politics, and Social Science Scholarship}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/glep.2009.9.2.1},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/glep.2009.9.2.1}}

@article{Fearon2003,
	Author = {Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055403000534},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Laitin - 2003 - Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {75},
	Title = {{Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055403000534},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055403000534},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000534}}

@article{joffe2001,
	Author = {Joffe, Josef},
	Journal = {National Interest},
	Number = {Summer},
	Pages = {43--52},
	Title = {{Who's Afraid of \{Mr.\} \{B\}ig?}},
	Volume = {Issue 64},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{downesandsechser,
	Author = {Downes, Alexander B and Sechser, Todd S},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {457--489},
	Title = {{The Illusion of Democratic Credibility}},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Mattes2010b,
	Abstract = {Civil war is usually examined from the perspective of commitment problems This approach provides considerable insight regarding which civil war agreement provisions reduce the chance of renewed fighting Yet, additional insight can be gamed by examining information asymmetries as a potential cause of civil war recurrence. We argue that significant uncertainty regarding military capabilities may persist after fighting ends and that this uncertainty may lead to the breakdown of peace However, carefully designed peace agreements can guard against renewed civil war by calling for in monitoring, making the belligerents submit military information to third parties, and providing for verification of this information Our empirical analysis of 51 civil war settlements between 1945 and 2005 shows that these provisions significantly reduce the risk of new civil war Encouraging the adoption of these provisions may be a useful policy in the international community's effort to establish peace m civil-war-torn societies.},
	Author = {Mattes, Michaela and Savun, Burcu},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00444.x},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Pages = {511--524},
	Title = {{Information, Agreement Design, and the Durability of Civil War Settlements}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00444.x}}

@article{Schweller2010,
	Author = {Schweller, Randall L.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1752971910000096},
	Issn = {1752-9719},
	Journal = {International Theory},
	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {288--305},
	Title = {{The logic and illogic of the security dilemma and contemporary realism: a response to Wagner's critique}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S1752971910000096},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S1752971910000096},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1752971910000096}}

@book{bienenandvandewalle1991,
	Address = {Stanford, CA},
	Author = {Bienen, Henry and van de Walle, Nicholas},
	Publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	Title = {{Of Time and Power: Leadership Duration in the Modern World}},
	Year = {1991}}

@book{Schultz2005,
	Author = {Schultz, Kenneth a.},
	Booktitle = {International Organization},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818305050071},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schultz - 2005 - The Politics of Risking Peace Do Hawks or Doves Deliver the Olive Branch.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {1--38},
	Title = {{The Politics of Risking Peace: Do Hawks or Doves Deliver the Olive Branch?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818305050071},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818305050071},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050071}}

@article{barbierikeshkandpollins2009,
	Author = {Barbieri, Katherine and Keshk, Omar M G and Pollins, Brian M},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {471--491},
	Title = {{Trading Data: Evaluating our Assumptions and Coding Rules}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Riker1977,
	Author = {Riker, WH},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Riker - 1977 - The Future of a Science of Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {11--39},
	Title = {{The Future of a Science of Politics}},
	Url = {http://goodliffe.byu.edu/310/protect/riker.pdf},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {1977},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://goodliffe.byu.edu/310/protect/riker.pdf}}

@article{Clifford2011,
	Author = {Clifford, Stacy},
	Issn = {1476-9336},
	Journal = {Cont Pol Theory},
	Month = jul,
	Publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Ltd},
	Title = {{Making disability public in deliberative democracy}},
	Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cpt.2011.11},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/cpt.2011.11}}

@article{Maoz2008,
	Author = {Maoz, Zeev and Terris, Lesley G. and Kuperman, Ranan D. and Talmud, Ilan},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00497.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Maoz et al. - 2008 - What Is the Enemy of My Enemy Causes and Consequences of Imbalanced International Relations, 1816--2001.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {100--115},
	Title = {{What Is the Enemy of My Enemy? Causes and Consequences of Imbalanced International Relations, 1816--2001}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381600007829},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381600007829},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00497.x}}

@article{meernik1994,
	Author = {Meernik, James},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {121--138},
	Title = {{Presidential Decision-Making and the Political Use of Military Force}},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {1994}}

@unpublished{carrollleedsandmattes2012,
	Annote = {Paper Presented at the Lansing B. Lee, Jr./Bankard Seminar in Global Politics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 12 October 2012; available at $\backslash$url\{http://politics.virginia.edu/sites/politics.virginia.edu/files/Mattes-LLB.pdf\} (accessed on 5 May 2013)},
	Author = {Carroll, Royce and Leeds, Brett Asheley and Mattes, Michaela},
	Title = {{Leadership Turnover and Foreign Policy Change: Societal Interests, Domestic Institutions, and Voting in the United Nations}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Butler2012,
	Author = {Butler, C. K. and Gates, S.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343311426166},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Butler, Gates - 2012 - African range wars Climate, conflict, and property rights.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {23--34},
	Title = {{African range wars: Climate, conflict, and property rights}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343311426166},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343311426166},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311426166}}

@article{Schultz1999,
	Author = {Schultz, Kenneth a.},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081899550878},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schultz - 1999 - Do Democratic Institutions Constrain or Inform Contrasting Two Institutional Perspectives on Democracy and War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {233--266},
	Title = {{Do Democratic Institutions Constrain or Inform? Contrasting Two Institutional Perspectives on Democracy and War}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081839944069X},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081839944069X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081899550878}}

@book{tullock1987,
	Address = {Boston, MA},
	Author = {Tullock, Gordon},
	Publisher = {Kluwer},
	Title = {{Autocracy}},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{laiandslater2006,
	Author = {Lai, Brian and Slater, Dan},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {113--126},
	Title = {{Institutions of the Offensive: Domestic Sources of Dispute Initiation in Authoritarian Regimes}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Deudney1990a,
	Abstract = {Summary: cogent argument against linking environment and security. 1) Security is an interstate violence issue, not an environmental one. There are only indirect linkages between the two, including: a) spending money on guns means less for the environment; b) war directly destroys the environment; and c) war preparation causes much pollution and consumes resources. Key differences between security and environment issues lie in: a) differing scope threat (e.g., death vs. all sorts of problems); b) source of threat is external and other states vs. internal/external and wide range of sources; c) intentional differs between intentional and concentrated vs. accidental and widespread; and d) types of organization differ between specialized forces vs. basically everyone. 2) Attempting to mobilize environmental movements on the basis of security can undermine globalist political sensibility by fostering a nationalistic us vs. them mentality. An other problem is that it is hard to mobilize against a long-term and diffuse threat. Environmental problems are also not zero-sum and immediate interest based. 3) Desire for resources is unlikely to cause conflict: a) a world trade system makes particular location of resources less important; b) it is hard to take over and subdue another country; and c) there is greater technology-led substitutability of resources. 4) Environmental degradation is unlikely to cause conflict: a) resource poor situations do not necessary create war (e.g., Japan); b) poor people don't necessarily want to think about waging a war, they just want to survive (full bellies argument vs. Africa? hello?); c) Highly asymmetrical pollution relationships are rare; and d) Global commons problems can't be fixed by fighting because everyone contributes.},
	Author = {Deudney, Daniel},
	Doi = {10.1177/03058298900190031001},
	Isbn = {0305829890},
	Issn = {03058298},
	Journal = {Millennium: Journal of International Studies},
	Pages = {461--476},
	Title = {{The Case Against Linking Environmental Degradation and National Security}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190031001}}

@book{Powell1999,
	Address = {Princeton},
	Author = {Powell, Robert},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{In the Shadow of Power: States and Strategies in International Politics}},
	Year = {1999}}

@book{ciano2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Ciano, Galleazo},
	Publisher = {Enigma Book},
	Title = {{Diary, 1937--1943}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Maves2013,
	Author = {Maves, Jessica and Braithwaite, Alex},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381613000157},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Maves, Braithwaite - 2013 - Autocratic Institutions and Civil Conflict Contagion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {478--490},
	Title = {{Autocratic Institutions and Civil Conflict Contagion}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381613000157},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381613000157},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613000157}}

@book{pape1996,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Pape, Robert A},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War}},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Karlan2005a,
	Author = {Karlan, D S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Karlan - 2005 - Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1688--1699},
	Title = {{Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4132772},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4132772}}

@article{Pelissero1992b,
	Author = {Reed, William},
	Doi = {10.2307/419585},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reed - 2000 - A Unified Statistical Model of Conflict Onset and Escalation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {10490965},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {84--93},
	Title = {{A Unified Statistical Model of Conflict Onset and Escalation}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/419585?origin=crossref},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/419585?origin=crossref},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419585}}

@book{rice2011,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Rice, Condoleezza},
	Publisher = {Crown Publishers},
	Title = {{No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{vinocour2003,
	Author = {Vinocour, John},
	Journal = {International Herald Tribune},
	Title = {{\{EU\} Anti-\{A\}mericanism: Britain Sees a Danger for Enlargement}},
	Volume = {14 March 2},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Mirza2010,
	Author = {Mirza, M. Monirul Qader},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mirza - 2010 - Climate change, flooding in South Asia and implications.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1436-3798},
	Journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
	Keywords = {climate change \'{a} flooding,crop,damage \'{a} food security,\'{a} south asia \'{a}},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {S1},
	Pages = {95--107},
	Title = {{Climate change, flooding in South Asia and implications}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7}}

@article{Gardner2002,
	Abstract = {In this article we introduce five papers, all by social anthropologists, all concerned with transnational households and ritual. Despite wide-ranging research on transnational migration and diasporas, many aspects have been accorded less consideration than they deserve. The transnational practices of migrant families, other than remittances and other economic activity, remain under-investigated. Some thought has been given to the transnational dimension of religious belief systems, notably Islam, but the micro-politics of religion has been largely ignored, and there has been little discussion of transnational religious practices (rituals) at the level of households and families, especially those performed by migrants back in their coun- tries of origin. Household-level analyses of the performances of and meanings attributed to life-crisis rituals and consideration of what Salih has called the `trans- national division of ritual space' offer a valuable route to understanding relations between place, culture, ethnicity and gender among migrants in a transnational world, and illuminate contemporary processes of globalization.},
	Author = {Gardner, Katy and Grillo, Ralph},
	Doi = {10.1111/1471-0374.00035},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner, Grillo - 2002 - Transnational Households and Ritual An Overview.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1470-2266},
	Journal = {Global Networks},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {179--190},
	Title = {{Transnational Households and Ritual: An Overview}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1471-0374.00035},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1471-0374.00035},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0374.00035}}

@incollection{linz1994,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Author = {Linz, Juan J},
	Booktitle = {The Failure of Presidential Democracy},
	Editor = {Linz, Juan J and Valenzuela, Arturo},
	Pages = {3--87},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference?}},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{kamauandcameron1979,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Kamau, Joseph and Cameron, Andrew},
	Publisher = {Corgi Books},
	Title = {{Lust to Kill, The Rise and Fall of Idi Amin}},
	Year = {1979}}

@book{Gibler2009,
	Address = {Washington},
	Author = {Gibler, Douglas M.},
	Publisher = {CQ Press},
	Title = {{International Military Alliances, 1648-2008}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Tol2009,
	Author = {Tol, Richard S. J. and Wagner, Sebastian},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tol, Wagner - 2009 - Climate Change and Violent Conflict in Europe Over the Last Millennium.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {65--79},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Violent Conflict in Europe Over the Last Millennium}},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2}}

@misc{cowstatelist2003,
	Author = {{Correlates of War 2 Project}},
	Howpublished = {Online, $\backslash$url\{cow2.la.psu.edu\}},
	Title = {{State System Membership List, v2002.1}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Keohane1995,
	Author = {Keohane, RO and Martin, LL},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Keohane, Martin - 1995 - The Promise of Institutionalist Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {39--51},
	Title = {{The Promise of Institutionalist Theory}},
	Url = {http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international\_security/v020/20.1.keohane.html},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international%5C_security/v020/20.1.keohane.html}}

@book{eickelmaandanderson2003,
	Address = {Bloomington, IN},
	Edition = {2nd},
	Editor = {Eickelman, Dale F and Anderson, Jon W},
	Publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	Title = {{New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere}},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{Fair2012,
	Author = {Fair, Christine and Malhotra, Neil},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fair, Malhotra - 2012 - No Title.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9550091031},
	Number = {2010},
	Title = {{No Title}},
	Year = {2012}}

@techreport{Bhandari2003,
	Author = {Bhandari, Bishnu B.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bhandari - 2003 - Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA).pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)},
	Title = {{Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Achen1989a,
	Author = {Achen, Christopher H.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Achen - 1989 - When Is a State with Bureaucratic Politics Representable as a Unitary Actor.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {3--4},
	Title = {{When Is a State with Bureaucratic Politics Representable as a Unitary Actor?}},
	Year = {1989}}

@book{schumpeter1950,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Schumpeter, Joseph A},
	Publisher = {Harper \& Brothers Publishers},
	Title = {{Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, Third Edition}},
	Year = {1950}}

@book{atkinsandwilson1998,
	Address = {Athens, GA},
	Author = {Atkins, Pope G and Wilson, Larman C},
	Publisher = {University of Georgia Press},
	Title = {{The Dominican Republic and the United States: From Imperialism to Transnationalism}},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Wright2009,
	Author = {Wright, Joseph},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00386.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wright - 2009 - How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Foreign Aid,IPE,Leaders},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Foreign Aid,IPE,Leaders},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {552--571},
	Title = {{How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00386.x},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00386.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00386.x}}

@article{Meze-Hausken2008,
	Author = {Meze-Hausken, Elisabeth},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meze-Hausken - 2008 - On the (im-)possibilities of defining human climate thresholds.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3-4},
	Pages = {299--324},
	Title = {{On the (im-)possibilities of defining human climate thresholds}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7}}

@book{aldrich1995,
	Address = {Chicago, IL},
	Author = {Aldrich, John H},
	Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America}},
	Year = {1995}}

@book{chua2003,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Chua, Amy},
	Publisher = {Doubleday},
	Title = {{World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability}},
	Year = {2003}}

@incollection{Risse1999,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Risse, Thomas and Sikkink, Kathryn},
	Booktitle = {The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change},
	Editor = {Risse, Thomas and Ropp, Stephen C and Sikkink, Kathryn},
	Pages = {1--},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The socialization of international human rights norms into domestic practices: introduction}},
	Year = {1999}}

@book{greene-graham-2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Annote = {First published in 1955},
	Author = {Greene, Graham},
	Publisher = {Penguin Books},
	Title = {{The Quiet American}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{goertz1998,
	Author = {Goertz, Gary and Diehl, Paul F},
	Journal = {The dynamics of enduring rivalries},
	Pages = {98--125},
	Publisher = {University of Illinois Press Urbana},
	Title = {{The Volcano Model and Other Patterns in the Evolution of Enduring Rivalries}},
	Year = {1998}}

@unpublished{carter2012,
	Annote = {Manuscript; University of Mississippi; available at $\backslash$url\{http://jeffcarter.weebly.com/uploads/4/1/7/7/4177170/leaderincentivesd9.pdf\} (accessed on 6 May 2013)},
	Author = {Carter, Jeff},
	Title = {{Leader Incentives for Conflict Selection and Mobilization}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{samad1995,
	Author = {Samad, Yunas},
	Journal = {Contemporary South Asia},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {65--77},
	Title = {{Kashmir and the Imagining of Pakistan}},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1995}}

@incollection{Midlarsky2001,
	Abstract = {Finds that democracy is actually associated with worse environmental performance in many respects. My question would be: what about sudden shocks, like natural disasters? Are they overall less severe in democracies, even when controlling for development?},
	Address = {Boulder},
	Author = {Midlarsky, Manus I},
	Booktitle = {Environmental Conflict},
	Editor = {Diehl, Paul F. and Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	Pages = {155--178},
	Publisher = {Westview Press},
	Title = {{Democracy and the Environment}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Powell1989a,
	Author = {Powell, R},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Powell - 1989 - Nuclear Deterrence and the Strategy of Limited Retaliation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {503--519},
	Title = {{Nuclear Deterrence and the Strategy of Limited Retaliation}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1962402},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1962402}}

@article{Allee2006,
	Author = {Allee, Todd L. and Huth, Paul K.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055406062125},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Allee, Huth - 2006 - Legitimizing Dispute Settlement International Legal Rulings as Domestic Political Cover.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Cooperation,International Law,Territory},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Cooperation,International Law,Territory},
	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {219--234},
	Title = {{Legitimizing Dispute Settlement: International Legal Rulings as Domestic Political Cover}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055406062125},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055406062125},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062125}}

@article{Hawkins2008,
	Annote = {Especially since the end of the Cold War, the Council of Europe \~{}CE!
and the Organization of American States \~{}OAS! have acted to protect democracy in their member states from erosion or reversals, with CE policies more robust than those in the Americas+ What explains this variation? I develop an argument focus- ing on institutional permeability, or the extent to which those organizations are acces- sible to nonstate actors+ Permeability consists of three dimensions: range of third parties allowed access, level of decision making at which access is granted, and transparency of IO information to those third parties+ Higher levels of permeability are likely to produce higher levels of constraint on state behavior through increas- ing levels of precision and obligation in international rules and practices+ Alterna- tive explanations, summarized as regional democracy norms, domestic democratic lock-in interests, and the power of stable democracies cannot explain the variation in multilateral democracy protection+ More broadly, this article suggests that ``democratizing'' IOs by allowing ever-greater access to nonstate actors is likely to result in stronger, more constraining international rules, even in areas where states most jealously guard their sovereignty, such as the nature of their domestic political institutions+},
	Author = {Hawkins, Darren},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080193},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hawkins - 2008 - Protecting Democracy in Europe and the Americas.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs and Domestic Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {373--403},
	Title = {{Protecting Democracy in Europe and the Americas}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080193},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080193},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080193}}

@book{marx1926,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Marx, Karl},
	Publisher = {G. Allen \& Unwin},
	Title = {{The Eighteenth \{B\}rumaire of \{L\}ouis \{B\}onaparte}},
	Translator = {cedar Paul, Eden \&},
	Year = {1926}}

@article{Hirsch1997,
	Author = {Hirsch, A and Bowers, K J},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hirsch, Bowers - 1997 - The Effect of Social Cohesion on Levels of Recorded Crime in Disadvantaged Areas.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Urban Studies},
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {1275--1296},
	Title = {{The Effect of Social Cohesion on Levels of Recorded Crime in Disadvantaged Areas}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1997}}

@incollection{converse1970,
	Address = {Reading, MA},
	Author = {Converse, Philip E},
	Booktitle = {The Quantitative Analysis of Social Problems},
	Editor = {Tufte, Edward R},
	Publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
	Title = {{Attitudes and Non-Attitudes: Continuation of a Dialogue}},
	Year = {1970}}

@article{Grieco2009,
	Author = {Grieco, Joseph M. and Gelpi, Christopher F. and Warren, T. Camber},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090110},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Grieco, Gelpi, Warren - 2009 - When Preferences and Commitments Collide The Effect of Relative Partisan Shifts on International Treaty C.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {341},
	Title = {{When Preferences and Commitments Collide: The Effect of Relative Partisan Shifts on International Treaty Compliance}},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090110}}

@book{Spruyt2009,
	Author = {Spruyt, Hendrik},
	Booktitle = {International Organization},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818300028307},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Spruyt - 2009 - Institutional selection in international relations state anarchy as order.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818300},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Month = may,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {527},
	Title = {{Institutional selection in international relations: state anarchy as order}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300028307},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300028307},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028307}}

@techreport{AsianDevelopmentBank2012,
	Address = {Mandaluyong City},
	Author = {{Asian Development Bank}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Asian Development Bank - 2012 - Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Asian Development Bank},
	Isbn = {9789290926115},
	Title = {{Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific}},
	Year = {2012}}

@book{domke1988,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {Domke, William},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{War and the Changing Global System}},
	Year = {1988}}

@inproceedings{Achen2012,
	Author = {Achen, Christopher H. and Bartels, Larry M.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Achen, Bartels - 2012 - Blind Retrospection Why Shark Attacks Are Bad For Democracy.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {Disasters and Incumbent Punishment},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Disasters and Incumbent Punishment},
	Organization = {Working Paper. Vanderbilt University},
	Title = {{Blind Retrospection: Why Shark Attacks Are Bad For Democracy}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Berry2010,
	Author = {Berry, WD},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berry - 2010 - Testing for interaction in binary logit and probit models Is a product term essential(2).pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of \ldots},
	Keywords = {Methods},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Methods},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {248--266},
	Title = {{Testing for interaction in binary logit and probit models: Is a product term essential?}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00429.x/full},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00429.x/full}}

@article{bondetal2003,
	Author = {Bond, Doug and Bond, Joe and Oh, Churl and Jenkins, J Craig and Taylor, Charles Lewis},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {733--745},
	Title = {{Integrated Data for Events Analysis (IDEA): An Event Typology for Automated Events Data Development}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Levy1994,
	Author = {Levy, Jack S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levy - 1994 - Learning and Foreign Policy Sweeping a Conceptual Minefield.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {279--312},
	Title = {{Learning and Foreign Policy: Sweeping a Conceptual Minefield}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2706933},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2706933}}

@incollection{Ahmad1996,
	Address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
	Author = {Ahmad, Qazi Kholiquzzaman and Warrick, R. A. and Ericksen, Neil J. and Mirza, M. Q.},
	Booktitle = {The Implications of Climate and Sea-Level Change for Bangladesh},
	Editor = {Warrick, R.A. and Ahmad, Q.K.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ahmad et al. - 1996 - The Implications of Climate Change for Bangladesh A Synthesis.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {1--34},
	Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	Title = {{The Implications of Climate Change for Bangladesh: A Synthesis}},
	Year = {1996}}

@book{burk1982,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Burk, Kathleen},
	Publisher = {Allen \& Unwin},
	Title = {{War and the State: The Transformation of British Government 1914-1919}},
	Year = {1982}}

@book{lapham2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Lapham, Lewis},
	Publisher = {The New Press},
	Title = {{Theater of War}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{fiorina1978,
	Author = {Fiorina, Morris P},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {426--443},
	Title = {{Economic Retrospective Voting in American National Elections: A Micro-Analysis}},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {1978}}

@article{Schweller1992,
	Author = {Schweller, Randall L.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schweller - 1992 - Domestic Structure and Preventive War Are Democracies More Pacific.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {235--269},
	Title = {{Domestic Structure and Preventive War: Are Democracies More Pacific?}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {1992}}

@incollection{shepsle1986,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Shepsle, Kenneth A},
	Booktitle = {Political Science: The Science of Politics},
	Chapter = {4},
	Editor = {Weisberg, Herbert F},
	Pages = {51--82},
	Publisher = {Agathon Press},
	Title = {{Institutional Equilibrium and Equilibrium Institutions}},
	Year = {1986}}

@book{brown1970,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Brown, Dee},
	Publisher = {Henry Holt \& Company},
	Title = {{Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West}},
	Year = {1970}}

@book{finer1962,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Finer, Samuel E},
	Publisher = {Pall Mall},
	Title = {{The Man on Horseback}},
	Year = {1962}}

@incollection{makin1985,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Makin, Guillermo},
	Booktitle = {The Political Dilemmas of Military Regimes},
	Chapter = {7},
	Editor = {Clapham, Christopher and Philip, George},
	Publisher = {Croom Helm},
	Title = {{Argentina: The Authoritarian Impasse}},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Jones1996,
	Author = {Jones, Daniel M. and Bremer, Stuart A. and Singer, J. David},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jones, Bremer, Singer - 1996 - Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816--1992 Rationale, Coding Rules, And Empirical Patterns.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {163--212},
	Title = {{Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816--1992: Rationale, Coding Rules, And Empirical Patterns}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{McLaughlinMitchell2007,
	Author = {{McLaughlin Mitchell}, Sara and Hensel, Paul R.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00277.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McLaughlin Mitchell, Hensel - 2007 - International Institutions and Compliance with Agreements.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {721--737},
	Title = {{International Institutions and Compliance with Agreements}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00277.x},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00277.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00277.x}}

@article{downsandrocke1994,
	Author = {Downs, George and Rocke, David M},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {362--380},
	Title = {{Conflict, Agency and Gambling for Resurrection: The Principal--Agent Problem Goes to War}},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Huth2013,
	Author = {Huth, Paul K. and Croco, Sarah E. and Appel, Benjamin J.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00607.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Huth, Croco, Appel - 2013 - Bringing Law to the Table Legal Claims, Focal Points, and the Settlement of Territorial Disputes Since 1945.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {90--103},
	Title = {{Bringing Law to the Table: Legal Claims, Focal Points, and the Settlement of Territorial Disputes Since 1945}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00607.x},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00607.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00607.x}}

@book{oakes2012,
	Address = {Stanford, CA},
	Author = {Oakes, Amy},
	Publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	Title = {{Diversionary War: Domestic Unrest and International}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{fearon1994,
	Author = {Fearon, James D},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {577--592},
	Title = {{Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes}},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{deMarchi2005,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {de Marchi, Scott},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Computational and Mathematical Modeling in the Social Sciences}},
	Year = {2005}}

@inproceedings{Meher2011,
	Author = {Meher, M. K. and Patra, H. S. and Sethy, K. M},
	Booktitle = {Disaster Risk Vulnerablity Conference},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meher, Patra, Sethy - 2011 - Creating an empirically derived community resilience index for disaster prone area A case study from Oriss.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {23--26},
	Title = {{Creating an empirically derived community resilience index for disaster prone area : A case study from Orissa}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Solingen2007,
	Author = {Solingen, Etel},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055407070487},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Solingen - 2007 - Pax Asiatica versus Bella Levantina The Foundations of War and Peace in East Asia and the Middle East.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {757--780},
	Title = {{Pax Asiatica versus Bella Levantina: The Foundations of War and Peace in East Asia and the Middle East}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055407070487},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055407070487},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070487}}

@article{miller1995,
	Author = {Miller, Ross A},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {760--785},
	Title = {{Domestic Structures and the Diversionary Use of Force}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1995}}

@misc{UnitedNationsVideos2009,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Bahamas: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tzUOVP07fE\&feature=relmfu},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tzUOVP07fE%5C&feature=relmfu}}

@article{zorn2005,
	Author = {Zorn, Christopher},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Number = {Spring},
	Pages = {157--170},
	Title = {{A Solution to Separation in Binary Response Models}},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{Schelling1960,
	Abstract = {In eminently lucid and often charming language, Professor Schelling's work opens to rational analysis a crucial field of politics, the international politics of threat, or as the current term goes, of deterrence. In this field, the author's analysis goes beyond what has been done by earlier writers. It is the best, most incisive, and most stimulating book on the subject. (Annals of the American Academy An important contribution to understanding the conduct of the ambiguous conflict between the communist bloc on the one hand and the United States and its Free World Allies on the other. (Journal of Politics Against the backdrop of the nuclear arms race in the late 1950s, Thomas Schelling's book The Strategy of Conflict set forth his vision of game theory as a unifying framework for the social sciences. Schelling showed that a party can strengthen its position by overtly worsening its own options, that the capability to retaliate can be more useful than the ability to resist an attack, and that uncertain retaliation is more credible and more efficient than certain retaliation. These insights have proven to be of great relevance for conflict resolution and efforts to avoid war. Schelling's work prompted new developments in game theory and accelerated its use and application throughout the social sciences. Notably, his analysis of strategic commitments has explained a wide range of phenomena, from the competitive strategies of firms to the delegation of political decision power. (The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences},
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Schelling, Thomas C.},
	Booktitle = {Cambridge, Mass},
	Doi = {10.1177/002200275800200301},
	Isbn = {0674840305},
	Issn = {00220027},
	Pages = {319},
	Pmid = {3584465},
	Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	Title = {{The Strategy of Conflict}},
	Year = {1960},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200275800200301}}

@article{Beitl2011,
	Author = {Beitl, C.M.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Beitl - 2011 - Cockles in custody the role of common property arrangements in the ecological sustainability of mangrove Fisheries on the.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {485--512},
	Title = {{Cockles in custody: the role of common property arrangements in the ecological sustainability of mangrove Fisheries on the Ecuadorian Coast}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/285},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/285}}

@book{farcau1994,
	Address = {Westport, CT},
	Author = {Farcau, Bruce W},
	Publisher = {Praeger},
	Title = {{The Coup; Tactics in the Seizure of Power}},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Whang2013,
	Author = {Whang, Taehee and McLean, Elena V. and Kuberski, Douglas W.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00629.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Whang, McLean, Kuberski - 2013 - Coercion, Information, and the Success of Sanction Threats.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {65--81},
	Title = {{Coercion, Information, and the Success of Sanction Threats}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00629.x},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00629.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00629.x}}

@incollection{simmel1950,
	Address = {Glencoe, IL},
	Author = {Simmel, Georg},
	Booktitle = {The Sociology of Georg Simmel},
	Editor = {Wolff, Kurt H},
	Pages = {402--408},
	Publisher = {Free Press},
	Title = {{The Stranger}},
	Year = {1950}}

@article{Ruggie1998,
	Author = {Ruggie, John Gerard},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081898550770},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ruggie - 1998 - What Makes the World Hang Together Neo-utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {855--885},
	Title = {{What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818398440591},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818398440591},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081898550770}}

@article{Vreeland2008,
	Annote = {Vreeland, James Raymond. 2008. Political Institutions and Human Rights: Why Dictatorships Enter into the United Nations Convention Against Torture. International Organization
        62: 65--101.
          

        
        
- There is more torture where power is shared, such as where dictatorships allow multiple political parties. Alternative political points of view are endorsed, but some individuals go too far. More acts of defection against the regime occur, and torture rates are higher. Because political parties exert some power, however, they pressure the regime to make concessions. One small concession is acceding to the CAT.
        
- Domestic institutions under dictatorship matter. Dictatorship = political system where the executive and/or the legislature are filled by means other than contested elections. 
- Spurious relationship b/w signing CAT and more torture; open domestic institutions is main causal factor. },
	Author = {Vreeland, James Raymond},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vreeland - 2008 - Political Institutions and Human Rights Why Dictatorships Enter into the United Nations Convention Against Torture.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Pages = {65--101},
	Title = {{Political Institutions and Human Rights: Why Dictatorships Enter into the United Nations Convention Against Torture}},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Pape2013,
	Author = {Pape, Robert A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pape - 2013 - When Duty Calls A Pragmatic Standard of Humanitarian Intervention.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {41--80},
	Title = {{When Duty Calls : A Pragmatic Standard of Humanitarian Intervention}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{piazza2006,
	Author = {Piazza, James A},
	Journal = {Terrorism and Political Violence},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {159--177},
	Shorttitle = {Rooted In Poverty?},
	Title = {{Rooted In Poverty?: Terrorism, Poor Economic Development and Social Cleavages}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2006}}

@incollection{lebow1985,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Author = {Lebow, Richard Ned},
	Booktitle = {Psychology and Deterrence},
	Chapter = {5},
	Editor = {Jervis, Robert and Lebow, Richard Ned and Stein, Janice Gross},
	Pages = {89--124},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Miscalculation in the South Atlantic: The Origins of the Falklands War}},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Ahlquist2012,
	Author = {Ahlquist, John S. and Wibbels, Erik},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00572.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ahlquist, Wibbels - 2012 - Riding the Wave World Trade and Factor-Based Models of Democratization.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {447--464},
	Title = {{Riding the Wave: World Trade and Factor-Based Models of Democratization}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00572.x},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00572.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00572.x}}

@incollection{Findlay2011,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Annote = {Quotes about importance of looking at perceptions at end of chapter.},
	Author = {Findlay, Allan and Geddes, Alistair},
	Booktitle = {Migration and Climate Change},
	Editor = {Piguet, Etienne and Pecoud, Antoine and Guchteneire, Paul De},
	Pages = {138--159},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Critical views on the relationship between climate change and migration: some insights from the experience of Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{schkadeandkahneman1998,
	Author = {Schkade, David A and Kahneman, Daniel},
	Journal = {Psychological Science},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {340--346},
	Title = {{Does Living in California Make People Happy? A Focusing Illusion in Judgements of Life Satisfaction}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {1998}}

@book{fukuyama-nation-building-2006,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Editor = {Fukuyama, Francis},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Nation-Building beyond Afghanistan and Iraq}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{King2010a,
	Author = {King, Elisabeth and Samii, Cyrus and Snilstveit, Birte},
	Doi = {10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/King, Samii, Snilstveit - 2010 - Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Effectiveness},
	Keywords = {africa,community-driven,development,evaluation,participation,social capital,social cohesion},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {336--370},
	Title = {{Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552}}

@article{Pape2005,
	Author = {Pape, RA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pape - 2005 - Soft balancing against the United States.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--45},
	Title = {{Soft balancing against the United States}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/0162288054894607},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/0162288054894607}}

@book{david1991,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Author = {David, Steven R},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Choosing Sides: Alignment and Realignment in the Third World}},
	Year = {1991}}

@book{fortna2004,
	Address = {Princeton, N.J.},
	Author = {Fortna, Virginia Page},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Peace Time: Cease-Fire Agreements and the Durability of Peace}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Weidmann2011,
	Author = {Weidmann, Nils B.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611000831},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weidmann - 2011 - Violence ``from above'' or ``from below'' The Role of Ethnicity in Bosnia's Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1178--1190},
	Title = {{Violence ``from above'' or ``from below''? The Role of Ethnicity in Bosnia's Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381611000831},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611000831},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611000831}}

@article{Johnston1995,
	Author = {Johnston, AI},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Johnston - 1995 - Thinking about Strategic Culture.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International security},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {32--64},
	Title = {{Thinking about Strategic Culture}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539119},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539119}}

@article{Steinberg2002,
	Author = {Steinberg, Richard H.},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081802320005504},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Steinberg - 2002 - In the Shadow of Law or Power Consensus-Based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATTWTO.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {339--374},
	Title = {{In the Shadow of Law or Power? Consensus-Based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATT/WTO}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818302441732},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818302441732},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081802320005504}}

@incollection{kalyvasandsanchez-cuenca2005,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Kalyvas, Stathis and S\'{a}nchez-Cuenca, Ignacio},
	Booktitle = {Making Sense of Suicide Missions},
	Chapter = {Six},
	Editor = {Gambetta, Diego},
	Pages = {209--232},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Killing without Dying: The Absence of Suicide Missions}},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{finkel2009,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Finkel, David},
	Publisher = {Picador},
	Title = {{The Good Soldiers}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{NIC2008,
	Author = {USNIC},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/USNIC - 2008 - Global Trends 2025 A Transformed World.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {US Government Printing Office},
	Isbn = {9780160818349},
	Title = {{Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World}},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{howelljackmanrogowski,
	Address = {Chicago, IL},
	Author = {Howell, William and Jackman, Saul and Rogowski, Jon},
	Publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	Title = {{The Wartime President}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Pandya2010,
	Author = {Pandya, Sonal S.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000160},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pandya - 2010 - Labor Markets and the Demand for Foreign Direct Investment.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE,International Finance,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,International Finance,Trade},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {389--409},
	Title = {{Labor Markets and the Demand for Foreign Direct Investment}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000160},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000160},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000160}}

@article{Warner2009a,
	Abstract = {Climate change will have a progressively increasing impact on environmental degradation and environmentally dependent socio-economic systems with potential to cause substantial population displacement. The key concerns in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) will include serious threats to food security and health, considerable economic decline, inundation of coastal areas, and degradation of land and fresh water resources (Reuveny in Polit Geogr, 2007). The relationship between environmental change and potential humanitarian crises has been captured by: McGregor (Geography and refugees: patterns and processes of change, Belhaven Press, London, pp 159--70, 1993), Kibreab (Environment and Population Change, International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Lie `ge, 1994), Kibreab (Disasters 21(1):20--38, 1997), Myers (Bioscience 43:752--761, 1993), Myers and Kent (Environmental exodus: an emergent crisis in the global arena, Climate Institute, Washington, DC, 1995), Black (New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper no. 34, 2001), Lee (Environmental matters: conflict, refugees and international relations, World Human Development Institute Press, Seoul and Tokyo, 2001), Castles (Environmental Change and Induced Migration: Making Sense of the Debate Working Paper No. 70, 2002), Christian Aid (Human tide: the real migration crisis, Christian Aid, London, 2007), and Massey et al. (http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/ pdf/rr07-615.pdf, 2007). However, we know little about the interplay between environ- mental change and stresses on ecological systems, resulting socio-economic vulnerability and potential outcomes in terms of population displacement or induced migration. So far these relationships are poorly conceptualized, lack systematic investigation, and are reduced to simplistic causal explanations. This leads to misleading conclusions that deny the complex multivariate processes---environmental, political, social, and economic--- which are the root causes of environmentally induced migration and/or conflict. When people are faced with severe environmental degradation they have one of three options: (1) stay and adapt to mitigate the effects; (2) stay, do nothing and accept a lower quality of life; or (3) leave the affected area. The process of movement and migration is usually subject to a complex set of push and pull forces, where push forces relate to the source area while pull factors relate to the destination. These forces are in constant flux, as much as environmental change, and interact with socio-economic and political conditions including state or government decision making powers, which can tip the balance at any point by either denying movement or the right to settle elsewhere. The paper focuses on how environmental change and environmental hazards contribute to the migration by exploring the mechanisms through which vulnerability and migration are linked---via livelihoods, relocation policies, and other factors. The paper begins by outlining important definitions of what is environmentally induced migration. The paper also considers the question of whether migration is a process that reduces or increases vulnerability. The paper draws on multidisciplinary literature including ecology, environment, and climate change; sociology of migration; anthropology of displacement; and economics; but also on preliminary from various case studies in Egypt, Vietnam, and Mozambique.},
	Author = {Warner, K. and Hamza, M. and Oliver-Smith, A. and Renaud, F. and Julca, A.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Warner et al. - 2009 - Climate change, environmental degradation and migration.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0921-030X},
	Journal = {Natural Hazards},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {689--715},
	Title = {{Climate change, environmental degradation and migration}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7}}

@article{elkins:2000,
	Author = {Elkins, Zachary},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Pages = {293--300},
	Title = {{Gradations of Democracy? Empirical Tests of Alternative Conceptualizations}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{trachtenberg2012,
	Author = {Trachtenberg, Marc},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--42},
	Title = {{Audience Costs: An Historical Analysis}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2012}}

@unpublished{baumetal2003,
	Annote = {http://fmwww.bc.edu/ec-p/WP545.pdf},
	Author = {Baum, C F and Schaffer, M E and Stillman, S},
	Title = {{Instrumental Variables and GMM: Estimation and Testing}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Johnston2001,
	Annote = {- persuasion and social influence
- social influence involves rewarding pro-norm behavior
- In practice these processes are likely to be interactive. But sep- arating them out is important because the answer will help point to how durable pro-social conformity is over time and what kinds of institutional designs are most conducive to this durability. Since one should expect variation in the durability of norms depending on the type of socialization microprocess, it does matter, then, whether one can observe internalization or not. Holding prefer- ences constant for the purpose of modeling prevents one from exploring this important issue.},
	Author = {Johnston, Alastair Iain},
	Doi = {10.1111/0020-8833.00212},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Johnston - 2001 - Treating international institutions as social environments.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {487--515},
	Title = {{Treating international institutions as social environments}},
	Url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/0020-8833.00212 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0020-8833.00212/abstract},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/0020-8833.00212%20http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0020-8833.00212/abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00212}}

@article{Bush2011a,
	Author = {Bush, Sarah Sunn},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000287},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bush - 2011 - International Politics and the Spread of Quotas for Women in Legislatures(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,IR and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,IR and Domestic Politics},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {103--137},
	Title = {{International Politics and the Spread of Quotas for Women in Legislatures}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000287},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000287},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000287}}

@book{weinbergandpedhazur2003,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Weinberg, Leonard and Pedahzur, Ami},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Political Parties and Terrorist Groups}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Paton2001,
	Author = {Paton, Douglas and Millar, Marian and Johnston, David},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Paton, Millar, Johnston - 2001 - Community Resilience to Volcanic Hazard Consequences.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Natural Hazards},
	Keywords = {community,resilience,risk perception,ruapehu,volcanic hazard},
	Pages = {157--169},
	Title = {{Community Resilience to Volcanic Hazard Consequences}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2001}}

@book{lee1997,
	Address = {London},
	Author = {Lee, Peter M},
	Edition = {Second},
	Publisher = {Arnold},
	Shorttitle = {Bayesian Statistics},
	Title = {{Bayesian Statistics: An Introduction}},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Hoffmann1977,
	Author = {Hoffmann, Stanley},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hoffmann - 1977 - An American Social Science International Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Daedalus},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {41--60},
	Title = {{An American Social Science: International Relations}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/20024493},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {1977},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/20024493}}

@article{Walker2004b,
	Author = {Walker, Stephen G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Walker - 2004 - Leaders and the Logic of Political Survival.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0262025469},
	Journal = {International Studies Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {486--488},
	Title = {{Leaders and the Logic of Political Survival}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3699711},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3699711}}

@article{cdsimeq-03,
	Author = {Keshk, Omar M G},
	Journal = {Stata Journal},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--11},
	Title = {{CDSIMEQ: A Program to Implement Two-Stage Probit Least Squares}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{chiozzaandgoemans2003,
	Author = {Chiozza, Giacomo and Goemans, H.\~{}E.},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {443--467},
	Title = {{Peace through Insecurity: Tenure and International Conflict}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Thacker1999,
	Author = {Thacker, Strom C.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thacker - 1999 - The High Politics of IMF Lending.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {38--75},
	Title = {{The High Politics of IMF Lending}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0043887100020025},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0043887100020025}}

@book{mansfieldandsnyder2005,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Mansfield, Edward D and Snyder, Jack},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Series = {BCSIA Studies in International Security},
	Title = {{Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War}},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{Finnemore1996,
	Address = {Ithaca},
	Author = {Finnemore, Martha},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{National Interests in International Society}},
	Year = {1996}}

@book{farcau2000,
	Address = {Westport, CT},
	Author = {Farcau, Bruce W},
	Publisher = {Praeger},
	Title = {{The Ten Cents War, Chile, Peru and Bolivia in the War of the Pacific, 1879--1884}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{YuichiKono2009,
	Author = {{Yuichi Kono}, Daniel and Montinola, Gabriella R.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609090550},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yuichi Kono, Montinola - 2009 - Does Foreign Aid Support Autocrats, Democrats, or Both.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {704},
	Title = {{Does Foreign Aid Support Autocrats, Democrats, or Both?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381609090550},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381609090550},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609090550}}

@book{mandelbaum2005,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Mandelbaum, Michael},
	Publisher = {PublicAffairs},
	Title = {{The Case for Goliath: How America Acts as the World's Government in the 21st Century}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{gleditsch2002,
	Author = {Gleditsch, Kristian S},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {712--724},
	Title = {{Expanded Trade and GDP Data}},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Beardsley2013,
	Author = {Beardsley, Kyle and Lo, Nigel},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002712467932},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Beardsley, Lo - 2013 - Third-Party Conflict Management and the Willingness to Make Concessions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = jan,
	Title = {{Third-Party Conflict Management and the Willingness to Make Concessions}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002712467932},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002712467932},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002712467932}}

@article{VanDalen2010,
	Author = {van Dalen, H.P. and Henkens, K.},
	Doi = {10.1002/psp},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/van Dalen, Henkens - 2010 - Explaining low international labour mobility the role of networks, personality, and perceived labour market.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population, Space and Place},
	Keywords = {labour mobility,migration},
	Pages = {31--44},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Explaining low international labour mobility: the role of networks, personality, and perceived labour market opportunities}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp.642/abstract},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp.642/abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp}}

@article{vaisse2003,
	Author = {Vaisse, Justin},
	Journal = {Financial Times},
	Pages = {2},
	Title = {{Bringing out the Animal in Us}},
	Volume = {15 March 2},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Tarar2005,
	Author = {Tarar, Ahmer},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002705276567},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tarar - 2005 - Constituencies and Preferences in International Bargaining.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Keywords = {domestic,international bargaining,international negotiations,two-level games},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {383--407},
	Title = {{Constituencies and Preferences in International Bargaining}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002705276567}}

@book{moyar2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Moyar, Mark},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954--1965}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Furlong2006,
	Author = {Furlong, Kathryn and {Petter Gleditsch}, Nils and Hegre, H\aa vard},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050620600596421},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Furlong, Petter Gleditsch, Hegre - 2006 - Geographic Opportunity and Neomalthusian Willingness Boundaries, Shared Rivers, and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {79--108},
	Title = {{Geographic Opportunity and Neomalthusian Willingness: Boundaries, Shared Rivers, and Conflict}},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050620600596421}}

@incollection{garfinkle2004,
	Address = {Stanford, CA},
	Author = {Garfinkle, Adam},
	Booktitle = {A Practical Guide to Winning the War on Terrorism},
	Editor = {Garfinkle, Adam},
	Pages = {197--218},
	Publisher = {Hoover Institution Press},
	Title = {{Anti-Americanism, U.S. Foreign Policy, and the War on Terrorism}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Mercer2010,
	Author = {Mercer, Jonathan},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309990221},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mercer - 2010 - Emotional Beliefs.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,Methods},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,Methods},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {1},
	Title = {{Emotional Beliefs}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990221},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309990221},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309990221}}

@article{reiterandmeek1999,
	Author = {Reiter, Dan and Meek, Curtis},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {363--387},
	Title = {{Determinants of Military Strategy, 1903--1994: A Quantitative Empirical Test}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1999}}

@misc{Gartzke2006,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik},
	Title = {{The Affinity of Nations: Similarity of State Voting Positions in the UNGA}},
	Url = {http://dss.ucsd.edu/~egartzke/htmlpages/data.html},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dss.ucsd.edu/~egartzke/htmlpages/data.html}}

@article{Nexon2007,
	Author = {Nexon, Daniel H. and Wright, Thomas},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055407070220},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nexon, Wright - 2007 - What's at Stake in the American Empire Debate.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Theory},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Theory},
	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {253--271},
	Title = {{What's at Stake in the American Empire Debate}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055407070220},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055407070220},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070220}}

@book{kuran1995,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Kuran, Timur},
	Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	Title = {{Private Truths, Public Lies: The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification}},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{gelpi1997,
	Author = {Gelpi, Christopher},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {255--282},
	Title = {{Democratic Diversions: Government Structure and the Externalization of Domestic Conflict}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Janssen2011a,
	Author = {Janssen, MA and Tenza, A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Janssen, Tenza - 2011 - Resource intruders and robustness of social-ecological systems an irrigation system of Southeast Spain, a case s.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {410--432},
	Title = {{Resource intruders and robustness of social-ecological systems: an irrigation system of Southeast Spain, a case study}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/278},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/278}}

@book{Mercer1996,
	Address = {Ithaca},
	Author = {Mercer, J},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mercer - 1996 - Reputation and international politics.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {2--3},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Reputation and international politics}},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=FEF0CS\_QCuoC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PR9\&dq=Reputation+and+International+Politics\&ots=e7K1vPJvfV\&sig=FUBRVypdCQ7xslBeohsc\_nwKUaA},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en%5C&lr=%5C&id=FEF0CS%5C_QCuoC%5C&oi=fnd%5C&pg=PR9%5C&dq=Reputation+and+International+Politics%5C&ots=e7K1vPJvfV%5C&sig=FUBRVypdCQ7xslBeohsc%5C_nwKUaA}}

@book{scheina2003,
	Address = {Washington, DC},
	Annote = {2 Volumes},
	Author = {Scheina, Robert L},
	Publisher = {Brassey's Inc.},
	Title = {{Latin America's Wars}},
	Volume = {I},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Nooteboom2007,
	Author = {Nooteboom, Bart},
	Doi = {10.1080/00346760601132154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nooteboom - 2007 - Social capital, institutions and trust.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0034-6764},
	Journal = {Review of Social Economy},
	Keywords = {control,institutions,reliability,social capital,trust},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--53},
	Title = {{Social capital, institutions and trust}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00346760601132154},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00346760601132154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00346760601132154}}

@book{norrlof2010,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Norrlof, Carla},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{America's Global Advantage: US Hegemony and International Cooperation}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{wolford2007,
	Author = {Wolford, Scott},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {772--788},
	Title = {{The Turnover Trap: New Leaders, Reputation, and International Conflict}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Bernauer2012,
	Author = {Bernauer, T. and Siegfried, T.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343311425843},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bernauer, Siegfried - 2012 - Climate change and international water conflict in Central Asia.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {227--239},
	Title = {{Climate change and international water conflict in Central Asia}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311425843}}

@article{gelb2005,
	Author = {Gelb, Leslie H},
	Journal = {Wall Street Journal},
	Pages = {A24},
	Title = {{Cheney Envy}},
	Volume = {16 March 2},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Clare2008,
	Author = {Clare, Joe},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00571.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Clare - 2008 - Domestic Audiences and Strategic Interests.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
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	Title = {{Domestic Audiences and Strategic Interests}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381600005922},
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@book{lipset1997,
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	Author = {Lipset, Seymour Martin},
	Publisher = {Norton},
	Title = {{American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword}},
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@article{Barkin2004,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barkin - 2004 - Time Horizons and Multilateral Enforcement in International Cooperation.pdf:pdf},
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@article{Wright2011a,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wright - 2011 - Diversity and the Imagined Community Immigrant Diversity and Conceptions of National Identity.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Political Psychology},
	Keywords = {become a fact of,by the incorporation of,countries,developed democracies have been,diverse immigrant minorities into,diversity,ethnic diversity itself has,ethnocentrism,fabrics,immigration,in most of these,in recent decades,increasingly challenged,life,national identity,public opinion,their broader social},
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	Pages = {837--862},
	Title = {{Diversity and the Imagined Community: Immigrant Diversity and Conceptions of National Identity}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x},
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
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@article{biddle2005-06,
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@article{Meyer2001,
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@article{Tomz2008,
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
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	Volume = {49},
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@book{ames1987,
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@article{brewer1999,
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	Pages = {1},
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@article{Fernandez2011,
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	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/284},
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@book{lentz1999,
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@incollection{Diehl2001,
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@article{Opinion2013,
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@article{Coutain2009,
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs},
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	Number = {01},
	Pages = {139--175},
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	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090055}}

@unpublished{fox2003,
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@article{Abrahms2008,
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@unpublished{gelman2004,
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	Author = {Gelman, Andrew},
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@book{palmer1910,
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@unpublished{horowitzandstam2012,
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@article{Hultman2007,
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	Volume = {19},
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	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1167--1199},
	Title = {{Why Did the West Extend the Franchise? Democracy, Inequality and Growth in Historical Perspective}},
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@book{fagg1965,
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@article{quindlen1991,
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	Pages = {E17},
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@book{collierx2:1991,
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@incollection{Fettweis2011,
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	Author = {Fettweis, Christopher J.},
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	Pages = {201--237},
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	Year = {2011}}

@article{Tomz2013,
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	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
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	Pages = {2005--2018},
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@article{Schimmelfennig2000,
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	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {109--139},
	Title = {{International Socialization in the New Europe: Rational Action in an Institutional Environment}},
	Url = {http://ejt.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1354066100006001005},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2000},
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@article{Gartzke2011,
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	Keywords = {IOs,IOs and Domestic Politics},
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	Number = {03},
	Pages = {589--598},
	Title = {{Multilateralism and Democracy: A Dissent Regarding Keohane, Macedo, and Moravcsik}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000142},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
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	Pages = {A16},
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	Year = {2010}}

@book{hermannandmilburn1977,
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@book{Piguet2011,
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@article{pion-berlin1985,
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@book{draperandsmith1998,
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	Title = {{Applied Regression Analysis}},
	Year = {1998}}

@book{Adnan1991,
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@unpublished{usfk2009,
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	Author = {{U.S. Forces Korea}},
	Title = {{The New \{K\}orea}},
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@article{midlarsky1974,
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@article{Morrow1993a,
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	Journal = {International Organization},
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@article{Kono2006,
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	Author = {Kono, Daniel Y.},
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kono - 2006 - Optimal Obfuscation Democracy and Trade Policy Transparency.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Cooperation,IPE,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Cooperation,IPE,Trade},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {369--384},
	Title = {{Optimal Obfuscation: Democracy and Trade Policy Transparency}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055406062241},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055406062241},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062241}}

@book{long1997,
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	Author = {Long, J Scott},
	Publisher = {Sage},
	Title = {{Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables}},
	Year = {1997}}

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	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300033245}}

@article{Hugo1996,
	Abstract = {This article focuses on international migration occurring as a result of environmental changes and processes. It briefly reviews attempts to con? ceptualize environment-related migration and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. Following is an examination of migration as an independent variable in the migration-environment relationship. Finally, ethical and policy dimensions are addressed.},
	Author = {Hugo, Graeme},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hugo - 1996 - Environmental Concerns and Internal Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {105--131},
	Title = {{Environmental Concerns and Internal Migration}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{lambert2003,
	Author = {Lambert, Richard},
	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {62--74},
	Title = {{Misunderstanding Each Other}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Weiner1985,
	Author = {Weiner, Myron},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00245.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weiner - 1985 - On International Migration and International Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1341-8076},
	Journal = {Population and Development Review},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {441--455},
	Pmid = {15669984},
	Title = {{On International Migration and International Relations}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00245.x}}

@book{russettandoneal2001,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Russett, Bruce and Oneal, John R},
	Publisher = {W. W. Norton \& Company},
	Title = {{Triangulating Peace: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations}},
	Year = {2001}}

@misc{pinto1921,
	Annote = {\# 13: 337--373; \#14: 112--126},
	Author = {Pinto, Anibal},
	Howpublished = {Revista Chilena},
	Title = {{Apuntes}}}

@article{McGillivray2004,
	Author = {McGillivray, Fiona and Smith, Alastair},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818304583054},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Bryan/Third Party and SOLS Change/Sources/McGillivray and Smith 2004 The Impact of Leadership Turnover on Trading Relations Between States IO.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {567--600},
	Title = {{The Impact of Leadership Turnover on Trading Relations Between States}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818304583054}}

@article{Karol2008,
	Author = {Karol, David and Miguel, Edward},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00564.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Karol, Miguel - 2008 - The Electoral Cost of War Iraq Casualties and the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {633--648},
	Title = {{The Electoral Cost of War: Iraq Casualties and the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381600005855},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381600005855},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00564.x}}

@article{hendersonandtucker2001,
	Author = {Henderson, Errol A and Tucker, Richard},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {317--338},
	Title = {{Clear and Present Strangers: The Clash of Civilizations and International Conflict}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{morganbickers1992,
	Author = {Morgan, T Clifton and Bickers, Kenneth N},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {25--52},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {{Domestic Discontent and the External Use of Force}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{VanAalst2006,
	Abstract = {Human emissions of greenhouse gases are already changing our climate. This paper provides an overview of the relation between climate change and weather extremes, and examines three specific cases where recent acute events have stimulated debate on the potential role of climate change: the European heatwave of 2003; the risk of inland flooding, such as recently in Central Europe and Great Britain; and the harsh Atlantic hurricane seasons of 2004 and 2005. Furthermore, it briefly assesses the relation between climate change and El Ni\~{n}o, and the potential of abrupt climate change. Several trends in weather extremes are sufficiently clear to inform risk reduction efforts. In many instances, however, the potential increases in extreme events due to climate change come on top of alarming rises in vulnerability. Hence, the additional risks due to climate change should not be analysed or treated in isolation, but instead integrated into broader efforts to reduce the risk of natural disasters.},
	Author = {{Van Aalst}, Maarten K},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00303.x},
	Issn = {0361-3666},
	Journal = {Disasters},
	Keywords = {Disasters,Greenhouse Effect,Risk Assessment,Weather},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {5--18},
	Pmid = {16512858},
	Title = {{The impacts of climate change on the risk of natural disasters}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00303.x}}

@article{DeBoef2008,
	Author = {{De Boef}, Suzanna and Keele, Luke},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00307.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/De Boef, Keele - 2008 - Taking Time Seriously.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Methods},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Methods},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {184--200},
	Title = {{Taking Time Seriously}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00307.x},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00307.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00307.x}}

@article{mccain2007,
	Author = {McCain, John},
	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Number = {November/December},
	Pages = {19--34},
	Title = {{An Enduring Peace Built on Freedom}},
	Volume = {86},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{chandler1995,
	Address = {Boston, MA},
	Editor = {Chandler, David G},
	Publisher = {Da Capo Press},
	Title = {{The Military Maxims of Napoleon}},
	Translator = {D'Aguilar, George C},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{cohen2004,
	Author = {Cohen, Roger},
	Journal = {New York Times},
	Pages = {D14},
	Title = {{France Says, Love the U.S., Hate Its Chief}},
	Volume = {6 June 200},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{hymans2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Hymans, Jacques E C},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation: Identity, Emotions and Foreign Policy}},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{IPCC2012,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {IPCC},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/IPCC - 2012 - Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9781107607804},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Clarke2008a,
	Author = {Clarke, Kevin a. and Stone, Randall W.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055408080131},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Clarke, Stone - 2008 - Democracy and the Logic of Political Survival(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,Methods},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,Methods},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {387--392},
	Title = {{Democracy and the Logic of Political Survival}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055408080131},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055408080131},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080131}}

@article{wagnleitner1999,
	Author = {Wagnleitner, Reinhold},
	Journal = {Diplomatic History},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {499--524},
	Title = {{The Empire of the Fun, or Talkin' Soviet Union Blues: The Sound of Freedom and U.S. Cultural Hegemony in Europe}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Cranmer2008,
	Author = {Cranmer, Skyler J. and Siverson, Randolph M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381608080766},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cranmer, Siverson - 2008 - Demography, Democracy and Disputes The Search for the Elusive Relationship Between Population Growth and Inte.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {794--806},
	Title = {{Demography, Democracy and Disputes: The Search for the Elusive Relationship Between Population Growth and International Conflict}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381608080766},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381608080766},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608080766}}

@book{stern2003,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Stern, Jessica},
	Publisher = {Ecco},
	Shorttitle = {Terror in the Name of God},
	Title = {{Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill}},
	Year = {2003}}

@incollection{Moore2012,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Moore, Will H. and Tarar, Ahmer},
	Booktitle = {Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes},
	Editor = {Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin and Diehl, Paul F. and Morrow, James D.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moore, Tarar - 2012 - Domestic-International Conflict Linkages.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {187--204},
	Publisher = {Wiley},
	Title = {{Domestic-International Conflict Linkages}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Barnett2007,
	Annote = {Two broad ways of climate conflict: changes in political economy due to mitigative actions (reducing emissions); changes in social systems driven by actual or perceived climate impacts. "Climate change may undermine human security by reducing access to, and the quality of, natural resources that are important to sustain livelihoods... the kinds of human insecurity that climate change may affect can in turn increase the risk of violent conflict" (640). CC will affect state capacity. Article outlines a research agenda to guide empirical investigations into the risks climate change poses to human security.

        
Article doesn't see climate-induced migration as one of the major potential drivers of conflict. },
	Author = {Barnett, Jon and Adger, W. Neil},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.03.003},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett, Adger - 2007 - Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {climate change,human security,state functions,violent conflict},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {639--655},
	Title = {{Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.03.003}}

@article{Narizny2003,
	Author = {Narizny, Kevin},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055403000625},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Narizny - 2003 - Both Guns and Butter, or Neither Class Interests in the Political Economy of Rearmament.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {203--220},
	Title = {{Both Guns and Butter, or Neither: Class Interests in the Political Economy of Rearmament}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000625}}

@unpublished{gleditschandchoung2004,
	Annote = {Typescript. Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede and Choung, Jinhee Lee},
	Title = {{Autocratic transitions and democratization}},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{hobsbawm1994,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Hobsbawm, Eric},
	Publisher = {Vintage},
	Title = {{The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914--1991}},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{barkeylasenskyandmarr2011,
	Address = {Washington, D.C.},
	Editor = {Barkey, Henri J and Lasensky, Scott B and Marr, Phebe},
	Publisher = {United States Institute of Peace Press},
	Title = {{Iraq, Its Neighbors, and the United States: Competition, Crisis, and the Reordering of Power}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Vergolini2011,
	Author = {Vergolini, L.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0020715211405421},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vergolini - 2011 - Social cohesion in Europe How do the different dimensions of inequality affect social cohesion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-7152},
	Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
	Keywords = {1,and why do we,care,definition,economic condition,europe,raises two distinct issues,social cohesion,social position,the first regards its,the second the,the social cohesion theme,welfare regimes,what is social cohesion},
	Month = may,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {197--214},
	Title = {{Social cohesion in Europe: How do the different dimensions of inequality affect social cohesion?}},
	Url = {http://cos.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0020715211405421},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cos.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0020715211405421},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715211405421}}

@book{nye2004-simple,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Nye, Joseph S},
	Publisher = {Public Affairs},
	Shorttitle = {Soft Power},
	Title = {{Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{biddleetal2012,
	Author = {Biddle, Stephen and Friedman, Jeffrey A and Shapiro, Jacob N},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Summer},
	Pages = {7--40},
	Title = {{Testing the Surge: Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007?}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{gartzkeandweiseger2013,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik and Weisiger, Alex},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {171--185},
	Title = {{Permanent Friends? Dynamic Difference and the Democratic Peace}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Peltonen1992,
	Abstract = {The effect of an uncooked extreme vegan diet on fecal microflora was studied by direct stool sample gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of bacterial cellular fatty acids and by quantitative bacterial culture by using classical microbiological techniques of isolation, identification, and enumeration of different bacterial species. Eighteen volunteers were divided randomly into two groups. The test group received an uncooked vegan diet for 1 month and a conventional diet of mixed Western type for the other month of the study. The control group consumed a conventional diet throughout the study period. Stool samples were collected. Bacterial cellular fatty acids were extracted directly from the stool samples and measured by GLC. Computerized analysis of the resulting fatty acid profiles was performed. Such a profile represents all bacterial cellular fatty acids in a sample and thus reflects its microflora and can be used to detect changes, differences, or similarities of bacterial flora between individual samples or sample groups. GLC profiles changed significantly in the test group after the induction and discontinuation of the vegan diet but not in the control group at any time, whereas quantitative bacterial culture did not detect any significant change in fecal bacteriology in either of the groups. The results suggest that an uncooked extreme vegan diet alters the fecal bacterial flora significantly when it is measured by direct stool sample GLC of bacterial fatty acids.},
	Author = {Peltonen, R and Ling, W H and H\"{a}nninen, O and Eerola, E},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Peltonen et al. - 1992 - An uncooked vegan diet shifts the profile of human fecal microflora computerized analysis of direct stool sampl.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0099-2240},
	Journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Bacteria,Bacteria: chemistry,Diet,Diet, Vegetarian,Fatty Acids,Fatty Acids: analysis,Feces,Feces: microbiology,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Prospective Studies,Vegetables},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {11},
	Pages = {3660--6},
	Pmid = {1482187},
	Title = {{An uncooked vegan diet shifts the profile of human fecal microflora: computerized analysis of direct stool sample gas-liquid chromatography profiles of bacterial cellular fatty acids.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=183158\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1992},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=183158%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract}}

@article{Werner1999,
	Author = {Werner, Suzanne},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Werner - 1999 - The Precarious Nature of Peace Resolving the Issues, Enforcing Resolving the Terms and Renegotiating the Terms.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {912--934},
	Title = {{The Precarious Nature of Peace: Resolving the Issues, Enforcing Resolving the Terms and Renegotiating the Terms}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2991840},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2991840}}

@article{hensel1999,
	Author = {Hensel, Paul R},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {175--206},
	Publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	Title = {{An Evolutionary Approach to the Study of Interstate Rivalry}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Thieme2007,
	Author = {Thieme, Susan and Networks, Social and West, Far and Labour, Nepalese},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thieme et al. - 2007 - A Brief Overview of Theories of International Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Social Networks},
	Number = {2006},
	Pages = {2006--2008},
	Title = {{A Brief Overview of Theories of International Migration}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Mansfield2013,
	Author = {Mansfield, Edward D and Milner, Helen V and Rosendorff, B Peter},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mansfield, Milner, Rosendorff - 2013 - Trade Autocracies , and International Free to Trade Democracies ,.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {305--321},
	Title = {{Trade Autocracies , and International Free to Trade : Democracies ,}},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Baum2013,
	Author = {Baum, Matthew a.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00627.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baum - 2013 - The Iraq Coalition of the Willing and ( Politically ) Able Party Systems, the Press, and Public Influence on Foreign Poli.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {442--458},
	Title = {{The Iraq Coalition of the Willing and ( Politically ) Able : Party Systems, the Press, and Public Influence on Foreign Policy}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00627.x},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00627.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00627.x}}

@article{Nalebuff1991,
	Author = {Nalebuff, B},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nalebuff - 1991 - Rational Deterrence in an Imperfect World.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {313--335},
	Title = {{Rational Deterrence in an Imperfect World}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0043887100008807},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1991},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0043887100008807}}

@article{bollen1979,
	Author = {Bollen, Kenneth A},
	Journal = {American Sociological Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {572--587},
	Title = {{Political Democracy and the Timing of Development}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {1979}}

@article{Savun2011,
	Author = {Savun, Burcu and Tirone, Daniel C.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00501.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Savun, Tirone - 2011 - Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {233--246},
	Title = {{Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How Does Democracy Aid Affect Civil Conflict?}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00501.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00501.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00501.x}}

@book{johnson2004,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Johnson, Chalmers},
	Publisher = {Metropolitan Books},
	Title = {{The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{regensgaddieandlockerbie1995,
	Author = {Regens, James L and Gaddie, Ronald Keith and Lockerbie, Brad},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {168--182},
	Title = {{The Electoral Consequences of Voting to Declare War}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Colaresi2005,
	Annote = {Colaresi, M.P., and W.R. Thompson. 2005. Alliances, Arms Buildups and Recurrent Conflict: Testing a Steps-to-War Model. Journal of Politics
        67 (2). Wiley Online Library: 345--364.Focus on 31 of Vasquez's 118 propositions linking a large number of more prominent variables in the study of war escalation processes that interrelate territorial disputes, rivalry, alliances, arms races or military buildups, crises, cognitive rigidities, domestic politics, and situations leading to war. Find strong support for many of Vasquez's integrative theoretical interpretation.

        
Mainly bridging alliances and arms races lits. 

        
Analyses tend to be bivariate with controls. We want to know relationships between X, Y, Z and war. If we know rivalry is important, we should study other determinants in context of rivalry (territory, arms races, alliances). We need a multivariate theory that tells us when the relationship b/w alliances, arms races, and territory and war becomes important. Vasquez provides this.

        
Spatial disputes variably lead to a very complicated complex of 5 variables: rivalry, MIDs, crises, alliances, and military buildups. This complex interacts with cognitive rigidities and domestic political situations that facilitate decisions to escalate coercion with opponents. See figure 1 on p. 350. 

        
Vasquez argues that decision makers learn to rely on realpolitik strategies to deal with int'l problems like territorial disputes. Arms races, alliances, crisis bargaining, and rivalry are the major conduits of these realpolitik strategies.

        
We test several variations of one model from Vasquez's argument. It is only one possible interpretation. "We focus primarily on the question of whether all of the theoretically sanctioned variables continue to be significant and correctly signed when they are introduced into the same equation." (352).

        
Methods: Data set of recurrent crises and war. No measures of hostilities/cog rig/ or domestic politics. 1919-1995. Arms races, alliances, territorial disputes. 

        
DQ:(Are these causes of war or just spurious predictors of war? If they improve our guess of when war will occur, are they necessarily causes? Are they just things that happen before wars frequently? This is sort of like saying an upset stomach is a cause of throwing up. Should we be asking what predicts arms races or what predicts alliances?)

        
Dependent variable is risk of war, measured by spells of peace in dyads. },
	Author = {Colaresi, M.P. and Thompson, W.R.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Colaresi, Thompson - 2005 - Alliances, Arms Buildups and Recurrent Conflict Testing a Steps-to-War Model.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {345--364},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Alliances, Arms Buildups and Recurrent Conflict: Testing a Steps-to-War Model}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2005.00320.x/full},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2005},
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@article{Mitchell1994,
	Annote = {Mitchell, Ronald B. 1994. "Regime Design Matters: Intentional Oil Pollution and Treaty Compliance." International Organization 48 (3): 425-58. 
- Whether a treaty elicits compliance or other desired behavioral changes depends upon identifiable characteristics of the regime's compliance systems.
2 critical questions:
1. Given that power and interests play important roles in determining behavior at the international level, is any of the compliance we observe w/ int'l treaties the result of the treaty's influence?
2. If treaties and regimes can alter behavior, what strategies can those who negotiate and design regimes use to elicit the greatest possible compliance? 
Goal of intentional oil pollution regime is to reduce intentional discharges of waste oil by tankers after they deliver their cargoes.
2 strategies so far: prohibiting tankers from discharging beyond certain limits, and requiring tanker owners to install expensive pollution reduction equipment by specified dates. Compliance w/ the first has been poor, compliance with the second has been nearly universal. 
	- these differences are explained by differences in subregime design.
	- the equipment subregime made sure that actors w/ incentives to comply with, monitor, and enforce the treaty were provided with the practical ability and legal authority to conduct key implementation tasks. Specifically, the regime elicited compliance when it developed integrated compliance systems that succeeded in increasing transparency, providing for potent and credible sanctions, reducing implementation costs to governments by building on existing infrastructures, and preventing violations rather than merely deterring them. 

        
Compliance Theory and Definitions
- review of Realist views on p. 428 (treaty rules correlate w/ but do not cause compliance)
- institutionalist perspective (transparency, reciprocity, accountability, and regime-mindedness allow regimes to impose constraints on behavior) p. 429
- In sum, treaty induced compliance vs. coincidental compliance.
I define compliance, the dependent variable, as an actor's behavior that conforms with an explicit treaty provision. Possible to comply w/ some provisions and not others. Focus is on individual rules. 
3 parts of a compliance system:
1. A primary rule system - actors, rules, and processes related to the behavior that is the substantive target of the regime. Determines the pressures and incentives for compliance and violation.
2. A compliance information system - actors, rules, and processes that collect, analyze and disseminate info on instances of violations and compliance. self-reporting, independent monitoring, data analysis, and publishing comprise the the CIS that determines the amount, quality, and uses made of data on compliance and enforcement.
3. A noncompliance response system - actors/rules/processes governing the formal and informal responses (inducements and sanctions) employed to induce those in noncompliance to comply. determines the type, likelihood, magnitude, and appropriateness of responses to noncompliance. 

        
Two Subregimes for Int'l Oil Pollution Control
1. The discharge subregime - Gradually increasing limits on discharges, industry develops load-on-top procedure which is both more environmentally friendly and economically efficient (LOT). 
2. The equipment subregime - segregated ballast tanks (SBT). Suggestion in 1978 that all ships become retrofitted w/ this technology led to industry development of crude oil washing (COW) using oil to wash the oil off the inside of tanks. Compromise was that ships built after 1985 had to have both SBT and COW, while those before 1985 had to be retrofitted with one of them. 

        
Frequent violations of discharge rules. Exceptional compliance with equipment rules.
The variance b/w subregimes is more remarkable when one considers that both international politics and private economics would lead us to expect higher compliance with discharge standards, not the equipment standards. Tankers seeking the economic benefits of conserving oil could have done so most cheaply by using LOT, not by installing COW or SBT.

        
Was Compliance Treaty-Induced?
Did tanker owners and operators act any differently than they would have in the absence of int'l regulations?
1. The increased use of LOT owes more to economics than to int'l law
	A tanker operator's first-order incentives to use LOT depended on the costs of recovering waste oil, the value of that oil, and the ownership of the oil being transported. The last factor means that oil companies had far greater incentives to adopt LOT than did independent transporters. This explains divergence b/w independent producers and oil companies. 
2. Increased installation of COW equipment owes much to economics but also reflects the MARPOL regime's influences
	In many instances, tanker adopted COW before they were required to. Increase in use of COW in mid 1970s, like LOT, corresponds to rising oil prices. We should expect to see countries using LOT instead of COW, b/c LOT is cheapter. 
3. Increased installation of SBT is largely due to MARPOL influences. 
	An unambiguous example of subregime influence. No economic incentive to install this technology. Alternative explanation: US exerted hegemonic pressure for SBT requirements. Mitchell says that even if MARPOL's rules resulted from hegemonic pressures, however, does not imply that subsequent behaviors result from that same pressure.
	(DQ: On page 443-444, Mitchell says that even if we admit that MARPOL's rules resulted from hegemonic pressures it "does not imply that subsequent behaviors result from that same pressure." It seems to me that if a hegemonic state is the driving force behind the content of a regime, then hegemonic pressure certainly plays a dominant role in changing state behavior. Mitchell says that in the absence of a regime, we would expect states to only install new equipment on enough ships to service the US market. What if the hegemonic pressure is precisely that all tankers should have such a monitoring system so that other countries do not enjoy a comparative advantage (in virtue of only needing to install the equipment on tankers destined for the US) relative to the US?) 

        
Mechanisms of influence
The equipment subregime succeeded by (1) eliciting monitoring and enforcement and (2) reducing opportunities for violation. 
Higher transparency of violations. Monitoring discharge system much more difficult.
An environmentally concerned tanker operator inclined to comply with the discharge standards could not escape the knowledge that others probably would not comply. The greater transparency of equipment requirements assured a tanker owner installing SBT and COW that all other owners also were doing this. Each company could rest assured that its competitors also would have to incur equipment costs or be sanctioned for not doing so. 
The flag states with the authority to prosecute lacked the incentives to do so, and the coastal states with incentives to prosecute lacked the authority to do so. 
The equipment subregime relied on quite different responses to noncompliance. The most immediate sanctions involved the ability of classification societies, insurance, and pollution prevention certificates that a tanker needed to conduct int'l trade. Tankers can't get insurance w/ out certification, and can't get certification w/out compliance. These sanctions amounted to preventing any illegally equipped tanker from doing business. 
- Obligated port states to detain tankers or bar them from port --> this skirted both flag state and port state legal systems and associated sensitivities regarding legal sovereignty. 
 (DQ: If the prospects for monitoring the discharge regime were so hopeless, why did we see negotiation in this instance? How do we know whether the negotiation was serious or not?)
- Detention was more likely and more costly (for the tankers)
-Delegation of responsibility to classification societies was important factor. Gives developing countries w/out capacity an incentive to comply. Classification societies had strong incentives to conduct accurate surveys so as to uphold their reputation w/ insurers. 
Compliance w/ equipment standards has involved significant costs to tanker owners and no direct costs to governments. 
The equipment subregime's strength really came from the fact that it rarely had to use the more potent sanction it made possible. 

        
Conclusions
The equipment standards elicited significantly higher compliance b/c they selected a point for regulatory intervention that allowed for greater transparency, increased the likelihood of forceful responses to detected violations, built on existing institutions, and coerced compliance by preventing actors form violating them rather than merely deterring actors from doing so. 

        
( DQ: So, is it possible there are some issue areas that are capable of being enforced but the negotiations that produce an agreement in those areas fail to draw out the appropriate tools for enforcing, and there are other issue areas where enforcement is just not possible? )

        

      },
	Author = {Mitchell, RB},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mitchell - 1994 - Regime design matters intentional oil pollution and treaty compliance.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {425--58},
	Title = {{Regime design matters: intentional oil pollution and treaty compliance}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300028253},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300028253}}

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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00567.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00567.x}}

@book{boxsteffensmeierandjones2004,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M and Jones, Bradford S},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Event History Modeling: A Guide for Social Scientists}},
	Year = {2004}}

@misc{polityIV2004,
	Author = {{Polity IV Project}},
	Howpublished = {Center for Global Policy, School of Public Policy, George Mason University and Center for Systemic Peace, available at $\backslash$url\{www.systemicpeace.org/polity4\}},
	Title = {{Polity IV Dataset, version p4v2004d}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Lake2011,
	Annote = {Lake, David a. 2011. Why ``isms'' Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress1. International Studies Quarterly
        55 (2): 465--480.
- duty is to enhance understanding of world. we are not doing our job.
- we should focus on mid-range theories of specific phenomena
- academic sects: realism, liberalism, marxism, neorealism, neoliberal institutionalism, constructivism, postmodernism, and feminism. English school, int'l pol sociology, Open Economy Politics. Each has unique set of core assumptions, and these are incommensurate across traditions.
- we should accept the limits, acknowledge that we will only have partial theories.
- Five pathologies:
1. We reify research traditions. Intros/handbooks organized around these debates. 
2. Having reified research traditions, we reward extremism. Waltz/Keohane/Wendt, frequently misinterpreted or assigned meaning that is not accurate. (stylized and reified)
"Together, these first two pathologies lead to a proliferation of research traditions within international studies. The existence of these multiple traditions is not in itself a bad thing. To the extent that they organize research and produce new ideas they can be progressive. But when combined with three further pathologies, they begin to inhibit rather than aid scholarly inquiry."(469)
3. We mistake research traditions for actual theories.
4. We narrow the permitted subject matter of our studies to those topics, periods, and obersvations that tend to confirm the particular strengths of our tradition. Realists study security, neolib institutions, etc. 
5. Scholars within each research tradition aspire for their approach to be THE scientific paradigm. 
"by the third and fourth pathologies, we validate our often incomplete theories through favorable and selective evidence but, by the fifth, we then assert they are universal and superior to... other equally self-validated traditions." (470-71)
- Think of politics in terms of INTERESTS, INTERACTIONS, and INSTITUTIONS
"There is nothing inherently rationalist or constructivist, realist or Marxist, English or North American about this set of categories." (473) Comment: but does this help?
- study interesting questions

        
Epistemology:
nomological vs. narrative. each should recognize the legit of the other. 
Narrative: thick description
- recognize the legit of alternative forms of explanation and respect the approach used by colleagues
- judge each approach on its own terms
- accept that each approach is likely to apply more or less well to different questions},
	Author = {Lake, David a.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00661.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lake - 2011 - Why ``isms'' Are Evil Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress1.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {465--480},
	Title = {{Why ``isms'' Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress1}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00661.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00661.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00661.x}}

@article{Gelpi2002,
	Author = {Gelpi, Christopher F. and Griesdorf, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055401003148},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gelpi, Griesdorf - 2001 - Winners or Losers Democracies in International Crisis, 1918--94.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {633--647},
	Title = {{Winners or Losers? Democracies in International Crisis, 1918--94}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055401003148},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055401003148},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055401003148}}

@misc{Stern2011,
	Abstract = {Ostrom's design principles for managing common pool resources were developed largely by examining local commons involving natural resources. This paper enumerates several key characteristics that distinguish such commons from more complex commons involving global resources and the risks of emerging technologies. It considers the degree to which the design principles transfer to those commons and concludes that although they have considerable external validity, the list needs some modification and elaboration to apply to global resources and risk commons. A list of design principles is offered for global resource commons and the risks of emerging technologies. Applying Ostrom's approach to global resources and emerging technologies can improve understanding and expand the solution set for these problems from international treaties, top-down national regulation, and interventions in market pricing systems to include non-governmental institutions that embody principles of self-governance.},
	Author = {Stern, Paul C.},
	Booktitle = {International Journal of the Commons},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stern - 2011 - Design principles for global commons Natural resources and emerging technologies.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1875-0281},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,common pool resources,commons,global resources,governance,technological risk},
	Language = {en},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {213--232},
	Title = {{Design principles for global commons: Natural resources and emerging technologies}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-101631/229},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-101631/229}}

@incollection{pedahzurandperliger2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Pedahzur, Ami and Perliger, Arie},
	Booktitle = {Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism: The Globalization of Martyrdom},
	Editor = {Pedahzur, Ami},
	Pages = {1--12},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Introduction: Characteristics of Suicide Attacks}},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{mayhew1971,
	Address = {New Haven, Conn.},
	Author = {Mayhew, David},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{Congress, the electoral connection}},
	Year = {1971}}

@article{Change2013,
	Author = {Change, Environmental and Program, Security},
	Title = {{Backdraft : Adaptation and Mitigation Backdraft :}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Powell2010,
	Author = {Powell, E. J. and Wiegand, K. E.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0738894209343979},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Powell, Wiegand - 2010 - Legal Systems and Peaceful Attempts to Resolve Territorial Disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Keywords = {adjudication,dispute resolution,legal system,negotiations},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {129--151},
	Title = {{Legal Systems and Peaceful Attempts to Resolve Territorial Disputes}},
	Url = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0738894209343979},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0738894209343979},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894209343979}}

@article{Simmons2010,
	Author = {Simmons, Beth a. and Danner, Allison},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000044},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Simmons, Danner - 2010 - Credible Commitments and the International Criminal Court.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Cooperation},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Cooperation},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {225},
	Title = {{Credible Commitments and the International Criminal Court}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000044},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000044},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000044}}

@article{jackman2000,
	Author = {Jackman, Simon},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {369--398},
	Title = {{Estimation and Inference via Bayesian Simulation: An Introduction to Markov Chain Monte Carlo}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Blagden2011,
	Author = {Blagden, David W. and Levy, Jack S. and Thompson, William R.},
	Doi = {10.1162/ISEC\_c\_00060},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Blagden, Levy, Thompson - 2011 - Sea Powers, Continental Powers, and Balancing Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0162-2889},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {190--202},
	Title = {{Sea Powers, Continental Powers, and Balancing Theory}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC\_c\_00060},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC%5C_c%5C_00060},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ISEC%5C_c%5C_00060}}

@book{chiozza2009,
	Address = {Baltimore, MD},
	Author = {Chiozza, Giacomo},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanism and the American World Order}},
	Year = {2009}}

@incollection{Islam1976,
	Address = {Oxford},
	Author = {Islam, M. Aminul},
	Booktitle = {Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global},
	Editor = {White, Gilbert F.},
	Pages = {19--25},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Tropical Cyclones: Coastal Bangladesh}},
	Year = {1976}}

@article{Easterly2008,
	Author = {Easterly, William and Pfutze, Tobias},
	Doi = {10.1257/jep.22.2.29},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Easterly and Pfutze 2008 Where Does the Money Go? Best and Worst Practices in Foreign Aid.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0895-3309},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {29--52},
	Title = {{Where Does the Money Go? Best and Worst Practices in Foreign Aid}},
	Url = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/jep.22.2.29},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/jep.22.2.29},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.2.29}}

@article{Pickering2010,
	Author = {Pickering, Jeffrey and Kisangani, EF},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pickering, Kisangani - 2010 - Diversionary Despots Comparing Autocracies' Propensities to Use and to Benefit fromMilitary Force.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political \ldots},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {477--493},
	Title = {{Diversionary Despots? Comparing Autocracies' Propensities to Use and to Benefit fromMilitary Force}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00442.x/full},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00442.x/full}}

@book{schroeder1994,
	Address = {Oxford},
	Author = {Schroeder, Paul W},
	Publisher = {Clarendon Press},
	Title = {{The Transformation of European Politics}},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Acemoglu2006,
	Author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055406062046},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Acemoglu, Robinson - 2006 - Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {115--131},
	Title = {{Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055406062046},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055406062046},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062046}}

@article{abrahms2006,
	Author = {Abrahms, Max},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Fall},
	Pages = {42--78},
	Title = {{Why Terrorism Does Not Work}},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Goss1995,
	Author = {Goss, J. and Lindquist, B.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Goss, Lindquist - 1995 - Conceptualizing International Labor Migration A Structuration Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {317--351},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Conceptualizing International Labor Migration: A Structuration Perspective}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546784},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546784}}

@book{blaufarb1977,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Blaufarb, Douglas},
	Publisher = {The Free Press},
	Shorttitle = {The Counterinsurgency Era},
	Title = {{The Counterinsurgency Era: U.S. Doctrine and Performance}},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{Reed2003a,
	Abstract = {The pacifying effect of economic interdependence on conflict onset can be better understood in the con- text of "noisy" bargaining. Specifically, trading states bargain under less noisy conditions and, as a result, are unlikely to engage in militarized conflict. Noise is introduced into a generic take-it-or-leave-it bargain- ing game in the form of nonspecific asymmetric information about the defender's reservation value. Com- parative statics show a positive monotonic relationship between variance in the noise term and the onset of militarized conflict. The relationships among economic interdependence, variance in the noise term, and conflict onset are evaluated with a Bayesian heteroskedastic probit model. Historical data are used to dem- onstrate that interdependence and uncertainty are related to each other and jointly related to the onset of mili- tarized conflict. Uncertainty appears to be reduced by economic interdependence, and this leads to an enhanced probability of agreement short of a militarized clash.},
	Author = {Reed, William},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002702239511},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {54--71},
	Title = {{Information and Economic Interdependence}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002702239511}}

@article{Mansfield2009a,
	Author = {Mansfield, Edward D. and Mutz, Diana C.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090158},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mansfield, Mutz - 2009 - Support for Free Trade Self-Interest, Sociotropic Politics, and Out-Group Anxiety.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE,IR and Domestic Politics,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,IR and Domestic Politics,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {425},
	Title = {{Support for Free Trade: Self-Interest, Sociotropic Politics, and Out-Group Anxiety}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309090158},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309090158},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090158}}

@book{ikenberry2002,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Editor = {Ikenberry, G John},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{lee2006,
	Author = {Lee, Sook--Jong},
	Journal = {SAIS Review},
	Number = {Summer--Fall},
	Pages = {123--132},
	Title = {{The Assertive Nationalism of \{S\}outh \{K\}orean Youth: Cultural Dynamism and Political Activism}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Crescenzi2009,
	Annote = {"When all is said and done what really increases the probability of war is not the mere presence of territorial issues, but how they are handled" (from actual book, 175). 
- How leaders negotiate is what matters
2 important implications:
1. it is the interaction of rivalry and territory
2. in situations where conditions are ripe for an escalation to violence, the pursuit of power politics triggers the use of force, rather than deterring it.
- territorial issues are not sufficient for war

        
Leaders and territorial disputes?},
	Author = {Crescenzi, Mark J.C.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1537592709990685},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Crescenzi - 2009 - The Steps to War An Empirical Study. By Paul D. Senese and John A. Vasquez. Princeton Princeton University Press, 200.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1537-5927},
	Journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {723},
	Title = {{The Steps to War: An Empirical Study. By Paul D. Senese and John A. Vasquez. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. 314p. \$60.00 cloth, \$26.95 paper.}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S1537592709990685},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S1537592709990685},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709990685}}

@article{Greenhill2009,
	Author = {Greenhill, Brian and Mosley, Layna and Prakash, Aseem},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055409990116},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Greenhill, Mosley, Prakash - 2009 - Trade-based Diffusion of Labor Rights A Panel Study, 1986--2002.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Diffusion,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Diffusion,Trade},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {669},
	Title = {{Trade-based Diffusion of Labor Rights: A Panel Study, 1986--2002}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055409990116},
	Volume = {103},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055409990116},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990116}}

@book{mearsheimer1983,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Mearsheimer, John J},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Conventional Deterrence}},
	Year = {1983}}

@techreport{pew2004,
	Annote = {Available at $\backslash$href\{http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/206.pdf\}\{$\backslash$url\{http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/206.pdf\}\}},
	Author = {{Pew Global Attitudes Project}},
	Institution = {The Pew Research Center for the People \& the Press},
	Title = {{A Year after Iraq: Mistrust of America Even Higher, Muslim Anger Persists}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Urbatsch2013,
	Author = {Urbatsch, Robert},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000355},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Urbatsch - 2013 - A Referendum on Trade Theory Voting on Free Trade in Costa Rica.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {197--214},
	Title = {{A Referendum on Trade Theory: Voting on Free Trade in Costa Rica}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000355},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000355},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000355}}

@article{marraostromandsimon1990,
	Author = {Marra, Robin F and Ostrom, Charles W., Jr. and Simon, Dennis M},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {588--623},
	Title = {{Foreign Policy and Presidential Popularity: Creating Windows of Opportunity in the Perpetual Election}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{Ganor2003,
	Author = {Ganor, Michael and Ben-Lavy, Yuli},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ganor, Ben-Lavy - 2003 - Community resilience lessons derived from gilo under fire.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Jewish Communal Service},
	Number = {Winter/Spring},
	Pages = {105--108},
	Title = {{Community resilience: lessons derived from gilo under fire}},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{levitskyandway2010,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan A},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War}},
	Year = {2010}}

@misc{UnitedNationsVideos2009a,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Guatemala: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS9r1MwGK0\&feature=relmfu.},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS9r1MwGK0%5C&feature=relmfu.}}

@book{lapham2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Lapham, Lewis},
	Publisher = {The New Press},
	Title = {{Theater of War}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Reed2003,
	Author = {Reed, William},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055403000923},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reed - 2003 - Information, Power, and War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {633--641},
	Title = {{Information, Power, and War}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000923}}

@article{Keohane2009a,
	Author = {Keohane, Robert O. and Macedo, Stephen and Moravcsik, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090018},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Keohane, Macedo, Moravcsik - 2009 - Democracy-Enhancing Multilateralism.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,IOs and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,IOs and Domestic Politics},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {1--31},
	Title = {{Democracy-Enhancing Multilateralism}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309090018},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309090018},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090018}}

@article{joffe2004,
	Author = {Joffe, Josef},
	Journal = {Commentary},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--34},
	Title = {{The Demons of Europe}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{Levy2010a,
	Address = {Malden},
	Author = {Levy, Jack S. and Thompson, William R.},
	Publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
	Title = {{Causes of War}},
	Year = {2010}}

@unpublished{miller2006,
	Annote = {Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL},
	Author = {Miller, Arthur H},
	Title = {{Promoting Democratic Values in Transitional Societies through Foreign Aid}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Clark2008,
	Author = {Clark, DH and Nordstrom, T and Reed, William},
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        55.
- Propose to replace partial models with a general model of international cooperation as a repeated game of provision of a public good, which subsumes many of the arguments in the existing literature as special cases. (336) 
            - allows the authors to explore the implications of the distribution of power for international cooperation. 
- The distribution of power not only affects the degree of cooperation, but redefines it qualitatively as well. 336 
- qualitative dimension: how cooperation takes place. Coalitions broad/narrow? Are regimes discriminatory or not? Informal or institutionalized? 
- Key questions: 
1. Why are some int'l cooperative arrangements inclusive, but shallow, while other more intensive cooperative regimes are limited in membership? What is the nature of the trade-off that has often been described between the breadth and depth of cooperation? 
2. Why are some int'l regimes discriminatory, while others are multilateral? What is the relationship b/w discrimination and hegemony? Does the dominance of a single state lead to a more open or more closed regime? 
3. Under what circumstances do the leading states in the system choose to build int'l institutions? Is the construction of institutions associated w/ the dominance of a single great power? 

        
Hegemonic stability theory: ``For the world economy to be stabilized there has to be a stabilizer -- one stabilizer'' (Kindleberger) 

        
``We model int'l coop as a repeated game in which a number of states make contributions to a public good.'' 337 

        
Depth vs. Breadth 
- empirical studies demonstrate that there is a trade-off b/w the two. Ex. Race to the bottom in environmental agreements; including states that are less concerned. However, the authors do not posit that there is a trade-off.
        

        
``We follow a rich tradition in international relations in assuming that institutions facilitate collective action by reducing transaction costs'' (p. 340). 
            - in the model, institutions are formalized as investments. 
First important result \`{a} there is a general trade-off between the breadth and depth of cooperation (344) 
Second important result \`{a} ``overall, as the hegemon grows, the depth of the contribution (amount demanded by the hegemon) increases, but the breadth of cooperation (size of contributing coalition) decreases because the size of the marginal contributor increases. That is, larger hegemons demand more but control smaller coalitions'' (347) 
- ``a general analytical result that holds for arbitrary distributions of state sizes is impossible'' (349) 
- Larger hegemons prefer more discriminatory regimes for 2 reasons: (352) 
1. larger hegemons prefer more intensive cooperation, which leads to narrower coalitions and heavier losses from free riding. 
2. as the hegemon grows, its threats of punishment become less credible, because the contribution of marginal states to its utility becomes less and less important relative to its own policy. 
            - this finding contradicts a basic contention of the hegemonic stability theory: that hegemony is associated with openness in the int'l system (352). 
            - explains apparent anomaly of American policy in 1930s of bilateralism in trade and finance. 

        
Important result \`{a} creating institutions broadens and deepens cooperation. The effect of institutions\ldots is to reduce the number of periods in which a non-contributor can free ride before being identified and punished. (354) 
- ``if institutions are to explain anything, it is critical that they be costly to construct'' (354) 
          
- ``it is not because hegemons benefit more from cooperation that they build institutions, nor because they can better afford to pay the costs, nor because the costs are lower as a consewquence of the inordinate influence that they wield in the international system. \ldots. Instead, in a very spare model, we find that larger hegemons benefit more from building institutions because they are uniquely disadvantaged at promoting collective action.'' (355) 
Conclusions: 
- the more intense int'l coop, the narrower it must be. 
- we find that the choice of multilat or discrim is endogenous, larger hegemons choose discrimination: contrary to assumption in IR that dominant states associated with open int'l economy. 
- last 20 years of IR has been directed at wrong puzzle, should have focused on cooperation ``during hegemony'' 358. },
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@article{Krasner1991,
	Annote = {Krasner, Stephen D. 1991. "Global Communications and National Power: Life on the Pareto Frontier." World Politics 43 (3): 336-66
Where there have been disagreements about basic principles and norms and where the distribution of power has been highly asymmetrical, international regimes have not developed. Stronger states have simply done what they pleased. Radio broadcasting and remote sensing offer the clearest examples.
- Regimes established where there are coordination problems and power is more symmetrical. Pure coordination vs. coordination w/ distributional consequences. In cases w/ distributional consequences, conflict has been more intense.
- There are...many points along the Pareto frontier: the nature of institutional arrangements is better explained by the distribution of national power capabilities than by efforts to solve problems of market failure. 
Regimes arise under 2 of 4 configurations of interests: dilemmas of common aversions or dilemmas of common interests. 338 (other two are harmony and pure-conflict).
DOCA - situations in which actors must coordinate their policies by agreeing on some set of rules or conventions, to avoid mutually undesirable outcomes. Can involve questions of distributions (disagreement over precise terms of agreement); Battle of the Sexes (w/ power imbalance). 
DOCI - problems of collaboration, concerned w/ market failure. PD is classic example. Market failure analyses have been dominant in regime lit, they pay little attention to power. 

        
Global Communications
Market failure problems have been irrelevant for GC.
Power, not just interest, did matter, though. 
4 issue areas in this paper: radio and television broadcasting, remote sensing, allocation of the electromagnetic spectrum, and telecommunications. --> no examples of harmony. and no regimes for radio broadcasting and remote sensing.  This is b/c stronger states have been able to secure their first best outcome through unilateral action. 
- Cooperation theory is not relevant for GC.

        
Radio Broadcasting
Advocates of open broadcasting have prevailed b/c of inability of states to block access to their own territory and other disagreements. Sovereignty compromised by ability to send info.
- beginning in 1920s/30s, states asserted the right to assign any frequency, provided that it did not interfere w/ broadcasts originating in another state. Around this time Soviets began using radio to broadcast propaganda. Some states resorted to jamming, but not very successful. Also tried limiting capacity of radio receivers (South Africa developed a single wave band network). 
- The tech of radio developed one universal standard: receivers work in all countries. 
- Because states have disagreed about the basic principles and norms that should govern radio broadcasts and because the available technology gives senders more power than receivers, there is no international regime for radio broadcasting.

        
Television Broadcasting
- less "geographically promiscuous"
- some spillover b/c television signals travel a few hundred miles
- direct-broadcasting satellites posed more substantial challenges to national control. yet interstate agreements have effectively regulated most satellite television broadcasts. there is agreement that spillover should be minimized. Agreements are limited to areas where states have shared interests and relatively equal power. 

        
Remote Sensing
- no regime b/c no agreement on basic principles. remote sensing involves electronic information gathering from satellites. 
- it is very difficult or even impossible for sensed states to disrupt the sensing. rules that have developed are not constraining. 
- the US accepted the fact that the commercial benefits of its remote sensing program would be limited unless it engaged the support of other countries. open access provided, except for satellite photographs with very fine resolution (which remain classified). 

        
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
- classic coordination problem: no agreement, broadcasts interfere. 
ITU (int'l telecommunication union) and WARCs (world administrative radio conferences) are the venues in which these issues are resolved. States have played the decisive role b/c they are the only actors capable of enforcing agreements, that is, of controlling broadcasts emanating from within their own territory. 
- major issues: rules and principles on which allocation of space should be determined.
- issue of geosynchronous orbits: smaller states' requests for space above them has simply been ignored by more powerful states. 
2 competing positions: first-come first-serve vs. sovereign equality. 
	- developed v. developing. 
- a battle of the sexes type payoff. 
- in the case of the electromagnetic spectrum 3rd world states could exercise some leverage through their votes in the ITU and their ability to interfere w/ broadcasts from other states. 

        
Telecommunications
- telegraph, telephone, transborder data flows. 
- coordination problem - assuring the economic and technical compatibility of int'l links. debate over who could participate and whether prices should be market set or by administrative fiat. major impetus for change from tech innovations --> these led US to push for market oriented system. 
- system was national monopolies and administered prices. --> this has now changed as a result of challenges by new power, which is the result of tech change. gave large users incentive to change national monopoly system. 
- International Telegraph Union (1856) --> Int'l Telecommunications U (1932)
- US, UK and Japan drove changes. new technologies changed existing incentive structures. 

        
Satellite Communications
- coordination w/ distributional consequences
INTELSAT
- not market failure. the distribution of rewards. 

        
Conclusions
Power is ignored b/c the research program based on the analysis of market failure does not provide either heuristic insights or analytic techniques for investigating relative capabilities. Power recedes into background b/c it is uncertain how power is relevant to problems of market failure. Krasner argues that power is important if we look at it as BotS model. 
In case of GC, all actors wanted coordination, but the nature of coordination would effect them differently. 
Power has been determined by 3 factors: technology and market size, membership in universal IOs, and control over territorial access provided by juridical sovereignty.
3 reasons why a power-oriented approach is more appropriate than analyses based on market failure:
1. there are some issues in int'l politics that are zero sum
2. in IR, it is possible to eliminate some players through the use of force or to compel an actor to accept an outcome that it would never agree to voluntarily.
3. even if states are interested in absolute gains, the initial allocation of property rights will have distributional consequences.

        
but market failure analyses are NOT irrelevant for 3 reasons:
1. existence of basic actors must be understood in larger historical context
2. free-rider problem in situations of high asymmetry leads to Pareto suboptimal provision of collective goods.
3. past institutional choices do influence contemporary interests and power of actors exactly because such choices privilege some players at the expense of others.

        
Still, power needs to be emphasized at least in security, autonomy, and distribution of valued resources. },
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	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {336--366},
	Title = {{Global Communications and National Power: Life on the Pareto Frontier}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1991}}

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@phdthesis{Enia2009,
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@article{Weiss2013,
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	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
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	Volume = {67},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000380},
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@incollection{bartels2003,
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@article{Darmofal2009,
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@unpublished{Gleditsch2011b,
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	Author = {Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch - 2011 - Regional Conflict and Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {2009},
	Pages = {1--21},
	Title = {{Regional Conflict and Climate Change}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Favretto2009,
	Author = {Favretto, Katja},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055409090236},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Favretto - 2009 - Should Peacemakers Take Sides Major Power Mediation, Coercion, and Bias.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
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	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict},
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	Pages = {248},
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@article{Bearce2009,
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	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609090562},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bearce, Floros, McKibben - 2009 - The Shadow of the Future and International Bargaining The Occurrence of Bargaining in a Three-Phase Co.pdf:pdf},
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@book{Spero2010,
	Address = {Boston},
	Annote = {Chapter 3: International Trade and Domestic Politics

        
The Havana Charter was intended to establish the ITO in 1947, but the US Congress prevented the agreement from becoming operational. The GATT instead became the world trade regime. 

        
Predatory pricing: allows firms of one country to underprice the firms of other countries in order to increase their market power
Quantitative restrictions: import quotas, prohibited by GATT
price supports
The dispute settlement mechanism: lengthy, non-binding.

        

        U.S. Leadership
        
fast-track negotiating authority: Congress agreed to consider proposals quickly without amending them. 
US backing was largely responsible for short term success of the system

        
          
Interdependence
        
Increasing protectionism b/c of increased interdependence, shift in competitiveness world-wide (NICs - Taiwan, SK, Mexico, Brazil; Japan R\&D), and disruptions in econ system from stagflation (slow growth combined with rampant inflation)
factor endowments
intra-industry trade
NICs

        

        
CHAPTER 2: GOVERNING THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM
- BW provided for a system of fixed exchange rates. Parity (value) of each currency determined in terms of gold. IMF was primary manager. Still, BW system emphasized national/market solutions to problems. Created World Bank to facilitate recovery, which was expected within 5 years. Clear by 1947 that this would not happen (European economy destroyed). BW could not deal with this. Crisis also linked to political problems (Italian and French labor unions, British withdrawal from India, Soviet Union establishing communist gov'ts in Hungary, Romania, Poland, and Bulgaria, Communist guerrillas in Greece)

        
U.S. Leadership. By 1947, clear gold/pound could not serve as world's money. Dollar fixed at 35\$ for oz of gold. However, US ran trade surplus --> shortage of dollars. Needed to run a payments deficit. (The US was exporting a lot but needed to reverse this). Until 1958, US encouraged outflow of dollars for int'l liquidity (Aid programs, Marshall Plan). US also managed imbalances (foreign aid, military expenditures; absorbed Japanese exports while accepting Japanese restrictions on imports). Nurtured European/Japanese trade competitiveness for long term stability. 

        
Multilateral Management Under U.S. Leadership. Reliance on US dollar lead to constant outflow of dollars from the US, which ultimately reduced confidence in the dollar. by 1958, no longer sought payments deficit. In 1960, foreign dollar holdings exceeded US gold reserves. First run on dollar in November 1960 (speculators converted dollars into gold). From here on, US needed collective management. IMF became more important again. After Nov 1960 crisis, officials from Federal Reserve joined Europes' Bank for International Settlements (BIS). The BIS provided ad hoc crisis management. G-10 formed in Dec 1961 (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, UK, US) to create the General Arrangements to Borrow (GAB), a\$6 billion fund for exchange rate management under control of G-10. This arrangment also supported by bilateral agreements b/w US and other G-10 members. US wanted to improve US balance of payments and restore dollar confidence (taxed foreign securities). Multilateral mechanisms contained crises and refoemed the system. Fear that there would be too few dollars instead of too many by other countries. 1968 - agreement for Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) which are artificial reserve units created by the IMF that could be used to settle accounts among central banks. 

        
From BW to Interdependence
Financial Interdependence and Pluralism. Interdependence played important role in collapse of BW. Resulted partially from internationalization of production. MNCs took advantage of varying interest rates to move operations. Eurocurrency market also lead to financial interdependence. Enabled huge cash flows --> stressed the system. US remained outside this interdependence for a long time. Devaluing currency (the normal response to overvaluation) was politically unattractive from a domestic perspective to the US. Pluralism influenced management. US no longer dominant econ power (Europe/Japan). Europe/Japan resented US enacting domestic policies without regard to international economic consequences (23).

        
The Nixon Shock and the Emergence of Floating Exchange Rates. 1971 - Nixon announced new econ policy (without consulting others) - dollar would no longer be convertible into gold. End of the BW system. Committee of Twenty formed to reform system (management, common currency, new adjustment mechanisms). Temporary solution. Unsuccessful.

        
Petrodollar Recycling. While Co20 debated, oil exporters engineered four-fold increase in oil prices. The oil exporters could not absorb the inflow of dollars from consumers. Consumers could not reduce oil consumption to pay for deficit, and had to borrow from the oil exporters. This is the "recycling." After 1974, surpluses channeled through private banks. Nov 1975 - heads of major monetary powers met to manage inflation, recession, and recycling (US, UK, France, West Germany, Japan, Italy). This would become the G-7. This is the first meeting. Came up with the Second Amendment to the Articles of Agreement of the IMF, which called for an end to the role of gold and the establishment of SDRs as the principal reserve asset of the int'l moentary system.  Legitimized de facto system of floating exchange. Also called for IMF surveillance of countries' econ policies.

        
INTERDEPENDENCE
1971-1989 - countries wrestled w/ balance b/w multilateral coop and national autonomy. coped w/ liquidity, adjustment, and confidence. 

        
Growing Financial Interdependence. Int'l fin. markets grew in size/significance. relaxed exchange controls. Revolutions in telecommunications, info processing, computers increased speed/volume/reach of financial transactions. Flows increased by 30 to 1. 

        
Liquidity: The Problem of the Dollar. Dollar remained primary currency, but shift away from dollar as exclusive reserve and transaction currency. 

        
Adjustment under floating exchange rates. FER were central aspect of system. US strategy based on "locomotive theory" which called for coordinated national economic policies and for countries with payments surpluses to follow expansionary policies that would serve as engines of growth for the rest of the world. Under Reagan, reverted to economic unilateralism. From Carter to Reagan, continued stress on deregulation. Inflation subsided, confidence grew, dollar strengthened. Other developed countries were faced with choices of raised interest rates, keeping rates low, or imposing capital controls. Most raised interest rates. Most found themselves in recession with capital outflows. 

        
Stability and Crisis Management. Cooperation was achieved. Increase in bank lending to developing countries was a major solution to recycling. 1982 - Crisis when Mexico announced it was unable to service its debt. Paris Club and London Club created to negotiate debt settlement. Debt crisis made US more willing to cooperate to manage monetary system. Imbalances b/w developed countries' deficits also created instability. US ran twin deficit budget deficit ( caused by lowering taxes w/out reducing spending) and trade deficit. 1985 Plaza agreement (G-5, no Italy/Canada) marked beginning of new monetary management. Also marked entry of Japan into management. The Louvre agreement stabilized exchange rates. Also highlighted difficulties of coming to agreement b/c of domestic politics. 

        
Europe's Efforts to Build a Regional Monetary System. European Monetary System (EMS) 

        
GLOBALIZATION
Pushed forward by same factors that led to interdependence. Japan/Europe/US all made important domestic changes. Broadening of geographic reach of international financial markets. Derivative - a contract, the value of which depends on (is derived from) the price of some underlying asset (e.g. petroleum) or a particular reference rate such as an itnerest rate or stock-market index. Futures or options. 46. 

        
Economic and Monetary Union. Created in 1986. 

        

        
CHAPTER 4: THE MNC AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
A MNC is "an enterprise that engages in foreign direct investment and that owns or controls value-added activities in more than one country."

        

        
CHAPTER 6: FINANCIAL FLOWS TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
- Foreign aid was not originally part of the plan for post-WWII. LDCs focused on making sure they had equal access to development resources. Western countries tried to emphasize private flows unless World Bank (WB) funding was necessary. Northern policy shifted in mid-50s b/c of LDC influence. 3rd world became part of competition in Cold War. West saw aid to dev'ing countries as valuable tool in Cold War. France/UK followed US in this regard. Multilateral aid increased. Aid emerged in 1950s/60s as new form of int'l econ interaction. 

        
Public support for aid wavered. Uneven trajectories; some countries started giving more while others declined. Disillusionment contributed to drop in US aid. Policy success was not obvious. Political/military significance of South for US also diminished. Increases in EC and Japanese aid flows offset by declines in US, UK, and France. Stagnation lead dev'ing gov'ts to become disillusioned. They banded into G-77. Goals not yet met.

        
Aid became politicized as dev'ing countries confronted dev'ed countries to form NIEO. Food crisis resulted from uneven aid to industry, keeping agriculture prices low to feed growing pop. Southern food production could not keep up. Oil and energy crisis impeded development. Dev'ing countries wanted to make flows automatic. OPEC contributed to psychological unity. Increased bargaining power. South tried to force reform on North. North resisted NIEO. Some improvement in aid flows. World Bank expanded. Oil exporters became aid donors. 

        
Increasing privatization of aid flows. Dev'ing countries were able to service debt, more attractive to private banks. 1970s. However, the low-income dev'ing countries still couldn't borrow, had to rely on concessional flows. 

        
Aid declines in 1980s. Demand for Southern products stagnates. Increase in trade deficits of dev'ing countries. Domestic opposition to aid in North. Aid lost political rationale. Bilateral aid became increasingly defense oriented. Mid-80s, some concessional aid restored. Aid from West Europe and Japan increasingly crucial. 

        
1980s debt crisis. Spike in oil prices plus restrictive Northern policies led dev'ing countries' debt to balloon. Rising interest rates increased costs of servicing debt. Argentina suspends payments following Falklands(1982). 1982 Mexico. LDC debt crisis seen as threat to int'l financial system. US game \$2 billion to Mexico. IMF gave \$3.84 bill in exchange for austerity program. 

        
Mexico became model for handling debt crises. Debtor-creditor agreements. Debtors made structural adjustments. Baker Plan: structural changes/financial liberalization/deregulation. (229). Did not lead to resurgence of growth. Growth slowed in developed countries. 

        
Debt fatigue. US continued to insist on Baker Plan. 

        
1990s some debtors changed to emerging markets. Now portfolio investors also invested in emerging markets. Financial crisis of 1990s in these markets. Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Argentina. 

        
Commonalities in crises: all involved speculation about value of currency, followed by devaluations, large outflows of mostly short-term foreign investments. Reduced growth rates. Each crisis was either preceded by or resulted in a change of government. 

        
Capital investment increased with liberalization.},
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@unpublished{Mcleman2005,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mcleman, Smit - 2005 - Assessing the Security Implications of Climate Change-related Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Human Security and Climate Change},
	Number = {June},
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	Year = {2005}}

@book{clegern1994,
	Address = {Niwot, Co.},
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	Year = {1994}}

@article{Lake2007a,
	Author = {Lake, David A},
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	Number = {1},
	Pages = {47--79},
	Title = {{Escape from the State of Nature}},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Thies2008a,
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	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00498.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thies, Porche - 2008 - The Political Economy of Agricultural Protection.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {116--127},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of Agricultural Protection}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381600007830},
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@book{popper1959,
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	Journal = {Health and Canadian Society},
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@article{andreswillisandgriffith2005-06,
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@article{Thies2010,
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@article{Woodruff2007,
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@misc{Gibler2013,
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	Year = {2013}}

@incollection{stuartandrubin2008,
	Address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	Author = {Stuart, Elizabeth A and Rubin, Donald B},
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	Chapter = {11},
	Editor = {Osborne, Jason},
	Pages = {155--176},
	Publisher = {Sage},
	Title = {{Best Practices in Quasi-Experimental Design: Matching Methods for Causal Inference}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Kahn2005,
	Author = {Kahn, Matthew E.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kahn - 2005 - The Death Toll from Natural Disasters The Role of Income, Geography, and Institutions.pdf:pdf},
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	Volume = {87},
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@article{Maggi1999,
	Annote = {WTO can promote cooperation in 2 ways:
1. verifying violations of the agreements and informing 3rd parties (through reputation)
2. promoting multilateral rather than bilateral negotiations},
	Author = {Maggi, Giovanni},
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@book{alesinaandroubini1997-for-apa,
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@article{Rathbun2011,
	Author = {Rathbun, Brian C.},
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
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	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,IOs},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,IOs},
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	Pages = {243--273},
	Title = {{Before Hegemony: Generalized Trust and the Creation and Design of International Security Organizations}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000014},
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	Year = {2011},
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	Author = {Myerson, Roger B},
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@misc{Videos2009a,
	Author = {Videos, United Nations},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Guatemala: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS9r1MwGK0\&feature=relmfu.},
	Year = {2009},
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@article{Lobell2006,
	Abstract = {How does war affect the structure of domestic interests in democratic capitalist states and how are these interests reflected in the conduct of the war? Developing a second image reversed 'plus' argument (outside-in and then inside-out), I contend that war can alter the domestic balance of political power, and can thereby affect the orientation of a state's security strategy. Wars that induce the extraction of wealth and the mobilization of resources will empower a coalition of domestic actors and interest groups who will lobby the government for an offensive security policy, including greater defense spending, military and industrial conscription, state planning and intervention in the economy, and protectionism. I apply this model to Britain and use a research design based on a longitudinal-controlled comparison over the periods of 1912-1914 and 1914-1916 to examine why Britain escalated its involvement in World War I from Limited Liability prior to the outbreak of the war and during the initial years of the war to a Continental Commitment by April of 1916. {\copyright} 2006 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.},
	Author = {Lobell, Steven E.},
	Doi = {10.1057/palgrave.ip.8800154},
	Issn = {1384-5748},
	Journal = {International Politics},
	Pages = {283--304},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of War Mobilization: From Britain's Limited Liability to a Continental Commitment}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ip.8800154}}

@article{BuenodeMesquita2012,
	Author = {{Bueno de Mesquita}, Bruce and Smith, Alastair},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev-polisci-070209-174835},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bueno de Mesquita, Smith - 2012 - Domestic Explanations of International Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1094-2939},
	Journal = {$\backslash$emph\{Annual Review of Political Science\}},
	Keywords = {agent,audience costs,democratic peace,foreign aid,nation building,principal,sanctions,selectorate theory},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {161--181},
	Title = {{Domestic Explanations of International Relations}},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-polisci-070209-174835},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2012},
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	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-070209-174835}}

@article{Baccini2012,
	Author = {Baccini, Leonardo and Urpelainen, Johannes},
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baccini, Urpelainen - 2012 - Strategic Side Payments Preferential Trading Agreements, Economic Reform, and Foreign Aid.pdf:pdf},
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	Pages = {932--949},
	Title = {{Strategic Side Payments: Preferential Trading Agreements, Economic Reform, and Foreign Aid}},
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	Volume = {74},
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@book{lebovic2010,
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	Author = {Lebovic, James H},
	Publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	Title = {{The Limits of U.S. Military Capability: Lessons from Vietnam and Iraq}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{fearonandlaitin2003,
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	Number = {1},
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	Title = {{Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Mansfield2013a,
	Author = {Mansfield, Edward D and Milner, Helen V and Rosendorff, B Peter},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mansfield, Milner, Rosendorff - 2013 - Why Democracies Cooperate More Electoral Control and International Trade Agreements.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {477--513},
	Title = {{Why Democracies Cooperate More : Electoral Control and International Trade Agreements}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2013}}

@unpublished{Labonne2008a,
	Author = {Labonne, Julien and Chase, Robert S},
	Number = {July},
	Title = {{Do Community-Driven Development Projects Enhance Social Capital? Evidence from the Philippines}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Mattes2012b,
	Author = {Mattes, Michaela},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002081831200029X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mattes - 2012 - Reputation, Symmetry, and Alliance Design.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Alliances,Institutional Design},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Alliances,Institutional Design},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {679--707},
	Title = {{Reputation, Symmetry, and Alliance Design}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081831200029X},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081831200029X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081831200029X}}

@article{Hutchison2007,
	Author = {Hutchison, ML and Gibler, DM},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hutchison, Gibler - 2007 - Political Tolerance and Territorial Threat A Cross-National Study.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {128--142},
	Title = {{Political Tolerance and Territorial Threat: A Cross-National Study}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00499.x/full},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00499.x/full}}

@incollection{keohaneandkatzenstein2007,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Keohane, Robert O and Katzenstein, Peter J},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {1--6},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Introduction: The Politics of Anti-\{A\}mericanisms}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Hendrix2007,
	Abstract = {The conventional discourse relating climate change to conflict focuses on long term trends in temperature and precipitation that define ecosystems and their subsequent impact on access to renewable resources. Because these changes occur over long time periods they may not capture the proximate factors that trigger conflict. We estimate the impact of both long term trends in climate and short term climatic triggers on civil conflict onset in Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that both operationalizations have a significant impact. Climates more suitable for Eurasian agriculture are associated with a decreased likelihood of conflict, while freshwater resources per capita are positively associated with the likelihood of conflict. Moreover, positive changes in rainfall are associated with a decreased likelihood of conflict in the following year. We also assess the outlook for the future by analyzing simulated changes in precipitation means and variability over the period 2000-2099. We find few statistically significant, positive trends in our measure of interannual variability, suggesting that it is unlikely to be affected dramatically by expected changes in climate.},
	Author = {Hendrix, Cullen S and Glaser, Sarah M},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.006},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hendrix, Glaser - 2007 - Trends and Triggers Climate, Climate Change and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {9500 gilman drive,africa,c,ca 92093 0521,chendrix,civil conflict,climate change,corresponding author,department political science,development,e mail address,edu,environment,hendrix,la jolla,precipitation,s,san diego,ucsd,university california,usa},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {695--715},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {{Trends and Triggers: Climate, Climate Change and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.006}}

@article{fearon1995,
	Author = {Fearon, James D},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {379--414},
	Title = {{Rationalist Explanations for War}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Adger2000c,
	Author = {Adger, W N},
	Doi = {10.1191/030913200701540465},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adger - 2000 - Social and ecological resilience are they related.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Progress in Human Geography},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {347--364},
	Title = {{Social and ecological resilience: are they related?}},
	Url = {http://phg.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1191/030913200701540465},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://phg.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1191/030913200701540465},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465}}

@article{Thompson2009,
	Author = {Thompson, a.},
	Doi = {10.1177/1354066109342918},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thompson - 2009 - Rational design in motion Uncertainty and flexibility in the global climate regime.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1354-0661},
	Journal = {European Journal of International Relations},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {269--296},
	Title = {{Rational design in motion: Uncertainty and flexibility in the global climate regime}},
	Url = {http://ejt.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1354066109342918},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ejt.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1354066109342918},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066109342918}}

@article{bergerandsellke1987,
	Author = {Berger, James O and Sellke, Thomas},
	Journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	Number = {397},
	Pages = {112--122},
	Title = {{Testing a Point Null Hypothesis: The Irreconcilability of P Values and Evidence}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{colaresi2004,
	Author = {Colaresi, Michael},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {713--727},
	Title = {{Aftershocks: Postwar Leadership Survival, Rivalry, and Regime Dynamics}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{black1958,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Black, Duncan},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{The Theory of Committees and Elections}},
	Year = {1958}}

@article{Levine1997,
	Author = {Levine, Paul and Smith, Ron and Reichlin, Lucrezia and Rey, Patrick},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levine et al. - 1997 - The Arms Trade.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Economic Policy},
	Number = {25},
	Pages = {335--370},
	Title = {{The Arms Trade}},
	Url = {http://www.sciamdigital.com/gsp\_qpdf.cfm?ISSUEID\_CHAR=85CDB5BE-32DA-4DF1-AF26-386CE636DEA\&ARTICLEID\_CHAR=D7A13531-DB00-4300-B38D-0E1302BB815},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.sciamdigital.com/gsp%5C_qpdf.cfm?ISSUEID%5C_CHAR=85CDB5BE-32DA-4DF1-AF26-386CE636DEA%5C&ARTICLEID%5C_CHAR=D7A13531-DB00-4300-B38D-0E1302BB815}}

@article{Jervis2002,
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jervis - 2002 - Theories of War in an Era of Leading-Power Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--14},
	Title = {{Theories of War in an Era of Leading-Power Peace}},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Baldini2011a,
	Abstract = {-},
	Author = {Baldini, Chiara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baldini - 2011 - Book review Fast Facts Rheumatoid Arthritis(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0392-856X},
	Journal = {Clinical and experimental rheumatology},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1063},
	Pmid = {22206651},
	Title = {{Book review: Fast Facts: Rheumatoid Arthritis.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22210688},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22210688}}

@book{schafer1997,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Schafer, Joseph L},
	Publisher = {Chapman \& Hall},
	Title = {{Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data}},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Morrison2009a,
	Author = {Morrison, Kevin M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090043},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Morrison 2009 Oil, Nontax Revenue, and the Redistributional Foundations of Regime Stability.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {107},
	Title = {{Oil, Nontax Revenue, and the Redistributional Foundations of Regime Stability}},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090043}}

@article{Grieco2009a,
	Author = {Grieco, Joseph M. and Gelpi, Christopher F. and Warren, T. Camber},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090110},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Grieco, Gelpi, Warren - 2009 - When Preferences and Commitments Collide The Effect of Relative Partisan Shifts on International Treaty C.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Cooperation,IOs,IR and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Cooperation,IOs,IR and Domestic Politics},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {341--355},
	Title = {{When Preferences and Commitments Collide: The Effect of Relative Partisan Shifts on International Treaty Compliance}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309090110},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309090110},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090110}}

@incollection{ikenberry2008,
	Address = {Lanham, MD},
	Author = {Ikenberry, G John},
	Booktitle = {The \{U\}nited \{S\}tates and Northeast Asia: Debates, Issues, and New Order},
	Chapter = {1},
	Editor = {Ikenberry, G John and Moon, Chung-In},
	Pages = {19--37},
	Publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield},
	Title = {{The Political Foundations of \{A\}merican Relations with \{E\}ast \{A\}sia}},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{bates1981,
	Address = {Berkeley, CA},
	Author = {Bates, Robert},
	Publisher = {University of California Press},
	Title = {{Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies}},
	Year = {1981}}

@book{katzensteinandkeohane2007c,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Norris2008a,
	Abstract = {Communities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non-disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities--Economic Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community Competence--that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities, engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires flexibility, decision-making skills, and trusted sources of information that function in the face of unknowns.},
	Author = {Norris, Fran H and Stevens, Susan P and Pfefferbaum, Betty and Wyche, Karen F and Pfefferbaum, Rose L},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Norris et al. - 2008 - Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American journal of community psychology},
	Keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological,Consumer Participation,Disaster Planning,Humans,Models, Theoretical,Residence Characteristics,Social Support},
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {127--150},
	Pmid = {18157631},
	Title = {{Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157631},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157631},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6}}

@article{Ringmar2012,
	Author = {Ringmar, Erik},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000033},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ringmar - 2012 - Performing International Systems Two East-Asian Alternatives to the Westphalian Order.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {International System},
	Mendeley-Tags = {International System},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {1--25},
	Title = {{Performing International Systems: Two East-Asian Alternatives to the Westphalian Order}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000033},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000033},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000033}}

@article{Iwasaki2009,
	Author = {Iwasaki, Shimpei and Razafindrabe, Bam Haja Nirina and Shaw, Rajib},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Iwasaki, Razafindrabe, Shaw - 2009 - Fishery Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change A Case Study of Chilika Lagoon, India.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1102700991},
	Issn = {1381-2386},
	Journal = {Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change},
	Keywords = {adaptation,climate change,livelihood,sustainable livelihood approach},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {339--355},
	Title = {{Fishery Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Case Study of Chilika Lagoon, India}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8}}

@book{thucydides,
	Address = {London},
	Annote = {Translated by Rex Warner},
	Author = {Thucydides},
	Edition = {Revised Ed},
	Publisher = {Penguin Books},
	Title = {{History of the Peloponnesian War}},
	Year = {1972}}

@book{gandhi2008,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Gandhi, Jennifer},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Political Institutions under Dictatorship}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Hensel2006,
	Author = {Hensel, Paul R. and {McLaughlin Mitchell}, Sara and Sowers, Thomas E.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2005.11.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hensel, McLaughlin Mitchell, Sowers - 2006 - Conflict management of riparian disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {conflict,institutions,management,regional,river,scarcity},
	Month = may,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {383--411},
	Title = {{Conflict management of riparian disputes}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2005.11.001}}

@article{Reiter2003,
	Author = {Reiter, Dan},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reiter - 2003 - Exploring the Bargaining Model of War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {27--43},
	Title = {{Exploring the Bargaining Model of War}},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{ordeshook1986,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Ordeshook, Peter C},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Game Theory and Political Theory: An Introduction}},
	Year = {1986}}

@article{Varian2009,
	Author = {Varian, Hal R},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Varian - 2009 - How to Build an Economic Model in Your Spare Time by.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {address,and systems,berkeley,dean,economic model in your,edu,hal,hal r,how to build an,school of information mangement,sims,spare time,uc,varian,web page http,www},
	Number = {December 1994},
	Title = {{How to Build an Economic Model in Your Spare Time by}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{king1991,
	Author = {King, Gary},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1047--1053},
	Title = {{`Truth' is Stranger than Prediction, More Questionable Than Causal Inference}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{huth1997,
	Author = {Huth, Paul},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {72--99},
	Title = {{Reputations and Deterrence}},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Rider2011,
	Annote = {Arms races occur most frequently in enduring rivalries; frequency of arms races is higher in rivalries with war than rivalries that do not experience war; more likely in middle and later states of rivalry; only when they occur in later stages is prob of war increased. Diehl and Crescenzi (1998) argue that arms races and war relationship is spurious (with enduring rivalry competition as real factor). 

        
Important to start with theory in thinking about relationship b/w arms races and war. 
Arms races are likely to be confined to long-term or mature rivalries. They are not single year events. H1: Arms races will occur disproportionately in the context of mature rivalries. We argue that rivalries are the process, and arms races are a consequent strategy, rather than the reverse. H2: most likely in middle/later-stage of rivalry. Also expect that the arms race-war relationship is likely spurious to the rivalry process. 

        
Divide sample of dyads with divergent tau-b scores into 4 groups: no MIDs, isolated rivalry (1 or 2 MIDs ever), rivals during non-rivalry, and rivals during rivalry.
Arms races are more frequent on average in dyads that experiences MIDs and in particular recurring conflict in the form of rivalries occurs. Arms races still occur in other contexts. False positives (states that happen to have 8\% increases in military expenditures for 3 years or more at the same time). 
Rider, T. J., M. G. Findley, and P. F. Diehl. 2011. Just part of the game? Arms races, rivalry, and war. Journal of Peace Research
        48 (1): 85--100.

        
Arms races that occur early in the life of a rivalry do not increase prob of war but those in later stages do (Why couldn't it just be longer rivalries?)
In sum, arms races are a competitive behavior most likely found in rivalry, increase in likelihood after rivalry lock-in has occurred, and are associated with war during the mid-to-later stages of the most enduring of rivalries. 

        
What is Richardsonian?},
	Author = {Rider, T. J. and Findley, M. G. and Diehl, P. F.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343310389505},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rider, Findley, Diehl - 2011 - Just part of the game Arms races, rivalry, and war.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {85--100},
	Title = {{Just part of the game? Arms races, rivalry, and war}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343310389505},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343310389505},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343310389505}}

@book{plummer1988,
	Address = {Baton Rouge, LA},
	Author = {Plummer, Brenda Gayle},
	Publisher = {Louisiana State University Press},
	Title = {{Haiti and the Great Powers, 1902--1915}},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Fearon2009a,
	Author = {Fearon, J D and Humphreys, M and Weinstein, Jeremy},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {287--291},
	Title = {{Can Development Aid Contribute to Social cohesion after civil war? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25592413},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25592413}}

@article{Ashworth2008,
	Author = {Ashworth, Scott and Clinton, Joshua D. and Meirowitz, Adam and Ramsay, Kristopher W.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055408080167},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ashworth et al. - 2008 - Design, Inference, and the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Methods,Terrorism},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Methods,Terrorism},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {269--273},
	Title = {{Design, Inference, and the Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055408080167},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055408080167},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080167}}

@article{meernikandwaterman1996,
	Author = {Meernik, James and Waterman, Peter},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {573--590},
	Title = {{The Myth of the Diversionary Use of Force by American Presidents}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1996}}

@book{smallsinger1982,
	Address = {Beverly Hills},
	Author = {Small, Melvin and Singer, J David},
	Publisher = {Sage},
	Title = {{Resort to Arms: International and Civil War, 1816-1980}},
	Year = {1982}}

@inproceedings{Ferris2010,
	Author = {Ferris, Elizabeth},
	Booktitle = {St. Mary's University, San Antonio},
	Title = {{Natural Disasters, Conflict, and Human Rights: Tracing the Connections}},
	Url = {http://www.brookings.edu/research/speeches/2010/03/03-natural-disasters-ferris},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.brookings.edu/research/speeches/2010/03/03-natural-disasters-ferris}}

@article{Helmer2006,
	Author = {Helmer, Madeleen and Hilhorst, Dorothea},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00302.x},
	Issn = {0361-3666},
	Journal = {Disasters},
	Keywords = {Disasters,Greenhouse Effect},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--4},
	Pmid = {16512857},
	Title = {{Natural disasters and climate change}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00302.x}}

@article{Sovey2011,
	Author = {Sovey, Allison J. and Green, Donald P.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00477.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sovey, Green - 2011 - Instrumental Variables Estimation in Political Science A Readers' Guide.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {188--200},
	Title = {{Instrumental Variables Estimation in Political Science: A Readers' Guide}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00477.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00477.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00477.x}}

@book{baudrillard1988,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Baudrillard, Jean},
	Publisher = {Verso},
	Title = {{America}},
	Translator = {Turner, Chris},
	Year = {1988}}

@unpublished{Attanasio2009,
	Author = {Attanasio, Orazio and Pellerano, Luca},
	Booktitle = {Fiscal Studies},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Attanasio, Pellerano - 2009 - Peace and Goodwill Using an Experimental Game to Analyse the Desarrollo y Paz initiative in Colombia.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Economic \& Social Research Council},
	Title = {{Peace and Goodwill? Using an Experimental Game to Analyse the Desarrollo y Paz initiative in Colombia}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Brancati2006,
	Author = {Brancati, Dawn},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002081830606019X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brancati - 2006 - Decentralization Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {651--685},
	Title = {{Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830606019X},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081830606019X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081830606019X}}

@incollection{bdmmorrowsiversonandsmith2001,
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	Author = {de Mesquita, Bruce and Morrow, James D and Siverson, Randolph M and Smith, Alastair},
	Booktitle = {War in a Changing World},
	Editor = {Maoz, Zeev and Gat, Azar},
	Pages = {183--206},
	Publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	Title = {{Political Survival and International Conflict}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{blandfordandahn12,
	Author = {Blandford, Edward D and Ahn, Joonhong},
	Journal = {Elements},
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	Title = {{Fukushima \{D\}aiichi: Examining the Nuclear Accident at \{F\}ukushima \{D\}aiichi}},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{dobbins2004,
	Author = {Dobbins, James F},
	Journal = {Survival},
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	Volume = {45}}

@article{Danilovic2007,
	Author = {Danilovic, Vesna and Clare, Joe},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00258.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Danilovic, Clare - 2007 - The Kantian Liberal Peace (Revisited).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Democratic Peace},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Democratic Peace},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {397--414},
	Title = {{The Kantian Liberal Peace (Revisited)}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00258.x},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00258.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00258.x}}

@article{baldwin1971,
	Author = {Baldwin, David A},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {19--38},
	Title = {{The Power of Positive Sanctions}},
	Volume = {24},
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@article{garandetal2009,
	Author = {Garand, James C and Giles, Micheal W and Blais, Andr\'{e} and McLean, Iain},
	Journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics},
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@book{perssonandtabellini2003,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Persson, Torsten and Tabellini, Guido},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
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	Year = {2003}}

@misc{WorldMetereologicalOrganization2009,
	Author = {{World Metereological Organization}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Statement by Her Excellency Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/congress/documents/Cg16\_Bangladesh.pdf},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
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@book{walt1997,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Walt, Stephen M},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
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	Year = {1997}}

@book{matibag2003,
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	Author = {Matibag, Eugenio},
	Publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	Title = {{Haitian--Dominican Counterpoint; Nation, State, and Race on Hispaniola}},
	Year = {2003}}

@unpublished{bergereasterlynunnandsatyanath2010,
	Annote = {NBER Working Paper No. 15981, May 2010},
	Author = {Berger, Daniel and Easterly, William and Nunn, Nathan and Satyanath, Shanker},
	Title = {{Commercial Imperialism? Political Influence and Trade During the Cold War}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Stinnett2001,
	Author = {Stinnett, Douglas M. and Diehl, Paul F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stinnett, Diehl - 2001 - The path (s) to rivalry Behavioral and structural explanations of rivalry development.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {3},
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	Title = {{The path (s) to rivalry: Behavioral and structural explanations of rivalry development}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0022-3816.00085/abstract},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2001},
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@article{Lektzian2007,
	Author = {Lektzian, David J. and Sprecher, Christopher M.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00259.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lektzian, Sprecher - 2007 - Sanctions, Signals, and Militarized Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict,Trade},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {415--431},
	Title = {{Sanctions, Signals, and Militarized Conflict}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00259.x},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00259.x},
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@book{lord2008,
	Address = {Washington, D.C.},
	Author = {Lord, Kristin M},
	Publisher = {Brookings},
	Shorttitle = {Voices of America},
	Title = {{Voices of America: U.S. Public Diplomacy for the 21st Century}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{ghobarahhuthandrussett2003,
	Author = {Ghobarah, Hazem Adam and Huth, Paul and Russett, Bruce},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
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	Pages = {189--202},
	Title = {{Civil Wars Kill and Maim People---Long After the Shooting Stops}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003}}

@incollection{moon2008,
	Address = {Lanham, MD},
	Author = {Moon, Katharine H S},
	Booktitle = {The \{U\}nited \{S\}tates and Northeast Asia: Debates, Issues, and New Order},
	Chapter = {7},
	Editor = {Ikenberry, G John and Moon, Chung-In},
	Pages = {167--192},
	Publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield},
	Title = {{Challenging \{U.S.\} Military Hegemony: ``\{A\}nti-\{A\}mericanism'' and Democracy in \{E\}ast \{A\}sia}},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{machiavelli1532,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Machiavelli, Niccol\`{o}},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{The Prince}}}

@incollection{Hawkins2006,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Hawkins, Darren G. and Lake, David A. and Nielson, Daniel L. and Tierney, Michael J.},
	Booktitle = {Delegation and Agency in International Organizations},
	Editor = {Hawkins, Darren G. and Lake, David A. and Nielson, Daniel L. and Tierney, Michael J.},
	Pages = {3--38},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Delegation Under Anarchy: States, International Organizations, and Principal-Agent Theory}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Greenhill2011,
	Author = {Greenhill, Brian and Ward, Michael D. and Sacks, Audrey},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00525.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Greenhill, Ward, Sacks - 2011 - The Separation Plot A New Visual Method for Evaluating the Fit of Binary Models.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {991--1002},
	Title = {{The Separation Plot: A New Visual Method for Evaluating the Fit of Binary Models}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00525.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00525.x},
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@unpublished{e-bdm2007,
	Annote = {\{U\}nited \{S\}tates Institute of Peace, Working Paper},
	Author = {{Bueno de Mesquita}, Ethan},
	Title = {{Correlates of Public Support for Terrorism in the Muslim World}},
	Year = {2007}}

@unpublished{chandraetal2006,
	Annote = {Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association, available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.apsanet.org/imgtest/CollaborationReport08-09-06.pdf\}},
	Author = {Chandra, Kanchan and Gandhi, Jennifer and King, Gary and Lupia, Arthur and Mansfield, Edward},
	Title = {{Report of the APSA Working Group on Collaboration}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Levine2000,
	Author = {Levine, P. and Smith, R.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002700044006011},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levine, Smith - 2000 - Arms Export Controls and Proliferation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {885--895},
	Title = {{Arms Export Controls and Proliferation}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002700044006011},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002700044006011},
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@article{Barma2009,
	Author = {Barma, N. and Chiozza, G. and Ratner, E. and Weber, S.},
	Doi = {10.1093/cjip/pop013},
	Issn = {1750-8916},
	Journal = {The Chinese Journal of International Politics},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {577--596},
	Title = {{A World Without the West? Empirical Patterns and Theoretical Implications}},
	Url = {http://cjip.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/cjip/pop013},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2009},
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@article{Gautam2012,
	Author = {Gautam, P. K.},
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	Journal = {Strategic Analysis},
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	Pages = {32--40},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict in South Asia}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{lake2010-isq,
	Author = {Lake, David A},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
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	Pages = {587--613},
	Title = {{Rightful Rules: Authority, Order, and the Foundations of Global Governance}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{powell2000,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {Powell, G Bingham},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Wolford2011,
	Author = {Wolford, Scott and Reiter, Dan and Carrubba, Clifford J.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002710393921},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Bryan/Third Party and SOLS Change/Sources/Wolford et al 2011 Information, Commitment, and War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {556--579},
	Title = {{Information, Commitment, and War}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002710393921}}

@article{Asal2008,
	Author = {Asal, Victor and Rethemeyer, R. Karl},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381608080419},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Asal, Rethemeyer - 2008 - The Nature of the Beast Organizational Structures and the Lethality of Terrorist Attacks.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
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	Number = {02},
	Pages = {437--449},
	Title = {{The Nature of the Beast: Organizational Structures and the Lethality of Terrorist Attacks}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381608080419},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381608080419},
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@article{Valentino2011,
	Annote = {Does international law protect civilians during war? Targeting civilians is result of incentives to target them created by risks, threats, and opportunities associated with the particular conflict. Often a strategy designed to achieve victory by undermining the productive capacity of enemy's civilian population. No evidence that signatories of international agreements are less likely to target civilians.},
	Author = {Valentino, Benjamin and Huth, Paul and Croco, Sarah},
	Doi = {10.1353/wp.2007.0004},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Valentino, Huth, Croco - 2011 - Covenants Without the Sword International Law and the Protection of Civilians in Times of War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0043-8871},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {339--377},
	Title = {{Covenants Without the Sword International Law and the Protection of Civilians in Times of War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0043887100020657},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0043887100020657},
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@book{brazinsky2007,
	Address = {Chapel Hill, NC},
	Author = {Brazinsky, Gregg},
	Publisher = {University of North Carolina Press},
	Title = {{Nation Building in South Korea: Koreans, Americans, and the Making of a Democracy}},
	Year = {2007}}

@incollection{holst2007,
	Address = {Berlin},
	Author = {Holst, Frederik},
	Booktitle = {Indonesia- The Presence of the Past},
	Editor = {Streifeneder, Eva and Missibach, Antje},
	Publisher = {Regiospectra},
	Title = {{The Indonesia-Malaysia Relationship}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Anderson2004a,
	Author = {Anderson, Lisa R and Mellor, Jennifer M and Milyo, Jeffrey},
	Doi = {10.1257/0002828041302082},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anderson, Mellor, Milyo - 2004 - Social Capital and Contributions in a Public-Goods Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {373--376},
	Title = {{Social Capital and Contributions in a Public-Goods Experiment}},
	Url = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0002828041302082},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0002828041302082},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302082}}

@article{Wagner2000a,
	Author = {Wagner, RH},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wagner - 2000 - Bargaining and War(2).pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {469--484},
	Title = {{Bargaining and War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2669259},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
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@article{pape2008,
	Author = {Pape, Robert A},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {275--277},
	Title = {{Methods and Findings in the Study of Suicide Terrorism}},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Bertocchi2008,
	Author = {Bertocchi, Graziella and Strozzi, Chiara},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bertocchi, Strozzi - 2008 - International migration and the role of institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {colonial,democracy,institutions,international migration,migration policy},
	Month = may,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {81--102},
	Title = {{International migration and the role of institutions}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
	Volume = {137},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
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@article{alvarez-glasgow-99,
	Author = {Alvarez, R Michael and Glasgow, Garrett},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {147--165},
	Title = {{Two-Stage Estimation of Nonrecursive Choice Models}},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {1999}}

@book{hallandbrignoli2003,
	Address = {Norman, OK},
	Author = {Hall, Carolyn and Brignoli, H\'{e}ctor P\'{e}rez},
	Publisher = {University of Oklahoma Press},
	Title = {{Historical Atlas of Central America}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Adhikari2013,
	Author = {Adhikari, Prakash},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00598.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adhikari - 2013 - Conflict-Induced Displacement, Understanding the Causes of Flight.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {82--89},
	Title = {{Conflict-Induced Displacement, Understanding the Causes of Flight}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00598.x},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00598.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00598.x}}

@book{diaz1996,
	Address = {Managua, Nicaragua},
	Author = {{Diaz Lacayo}, Aldo},
	Edition = {Primera ed},
	Publisher = {Aldil\`{a} editor},
	Title = {{Gobernantes de Nicaragua (1821--1956)}},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Press1975,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik},
	Doi = {10.1016/0003-6870(75)90022-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gartzke - 1999 - War Is in the Error Term.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {567--587},
	Title = {{War Is in the Error Term}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(75)90022-8}}

@article{krauthammer2003,
	Annote = {11/17/2003},
	Author = {Krauthammer, Charles},
	Journal = {Time},
	Number = {20},
	Pages = {156},
	Title = {{To Hell with Sympathy}},
	Volume = {162},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{kim1993,
	Author = {Kim, Jinwung},
	Journal = {Journal of American--East Asian Relations},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {303--325},
	Title = {{From Patron--Client to Partners: The Changing \{S\}outh \{K\}orean--\{A\}merican Relationship}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Lyall2010a,
	Author = {Lyall, Jason},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309990208},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lyall - 2010 - Do Democracies Make Inferior Counterinsurgents Reassessing Democracy's Impact on War Outcomes and Duration.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Civil War,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {167},
	Title = {{Do Democracies Make Inferior Counterinsurgents? Reassessing Democracy's Impact on War Outcomes and Duration}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990208},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309990208},
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@unpublished{crenshaw2008,
	Annote = {Paper presented at Responses to Political Violence and the Growth of Anti-\{A\}mericanism Conference, Center for the Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, May 22--23, 2008},
	Author = {Crenshaw, Martha},
	Title = {{Why the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates is Targeted by Terrorism: An Approach and a Case Study}},
	Year = {2008}}

@book{bennettandstam2004,
	Address = {Ann Arbor},
	Author = {Bennett, D Scott and Stam, Allan C},
	Publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	Title = {{The Behavioral Origins of War}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Miller2010a,
	Author = {Miller, Fiona and Osbahr, Henny and Boyd, Emily and Thomalla, Frank and Bharwani, Sukaina and Ziervogel, Gina and Walker, Brian and Leeuw, Sander Van Der and Hinkel, Jochen and Downing, Tom and Folke, Carl and Nelson, Donald},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Miller et al. - 2010 - Resilience and Vulnerability Complementary or Conflicting Concepts.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Ecology And Society},
	Keywords = {climate change,hazards,interdisciplinarity,resilience,social-ecological systems},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {{Resilience and Vulnerability : Complementary or Conflicting Concepts ?}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Pelc2011,
	Author = {Pelc, Krzysztof J.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818311000257},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pelc - 2011 - Why Do Some Countries Get Better WTO Accession Terms Than Others.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs,IOs and Domestic Politics,IPE,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs,IOs and Domestic Politics,IPE,Trade},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {639--672},
	Title = {{Why Do Some Countries Get Better WTO Accession Terms Than Others?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000257},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818311000257},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000257}}

@article{Palsson2011,
	Author = {Palsson, Gisli and Prainsack, Barbara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Palsson, Prainsack - 2011 - Genomic stuff Governing the (im) matter of life.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgements,and j\"{o}rg niew\"{o}hner for,corinna kruse,david gurwitz,digital and global commons,elinor ostrom,epigenetics,fruitful discussions and extensive,genomic,governance,hannah landecker,life itself,stuff,we are grateful to},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {259--283},
	Title = {{Genomic stuff: Governing the (im) matter of life}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/247},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/247}}

@book{deibel2007,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Deibel, Terry L},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft}},
	Year = {2007}}

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	Author = {Jonas, Susanne},
	Publisher = {Westview Press},
	Title = {{The Battle for Guatemala: Rebels, Death Squads, and U.S. Power}},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Levine1994,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levine, Sen, Smith - 1994 - A Model of the International Arms Market.pdf:pdf},
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@article{Baum2010,
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	Title = {{Reality Asserts Itself: Public Opinion on Iraq and the Elasticity of Reality}},
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@incollection{Lyne2006,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Lyne, Mona M. and Nielson, Daniel L. and Tierney, Michael J.},
	Booktitle = {Delegation and Agency in International Organizations},
	Editor = {Hawkins, Darren G. and Lake, David A. and Nielson, Daniel L. and Tierney, Michael J.},
	Pages = {41--76},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Who Delegates? Alternative Models of Principals in Development Aid}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Mansfield2009,
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {381},
	Title = {{Pathways to War in Democratic Transitions}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309090134},
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@article{lieberandalexander2005,
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	Pages = {109--139},
	Title = {{Waiting for Balancing: Why the World Is Not Pushing Back}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{freedmanandkarsh1993,
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@article{George1998,
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@article{Hudson2009,
	Annote = {- Does the security of women influence the security of states? 
- Gender difference is arguably the primary formative fixed difference experience in human society. 
- 2 misconceptions about evolutionary theory: evolutionary predispositions are intractable, and there are static/essential characteristics for males and females. 
- Although we imagine the first predators of concern were large carnivorous animals, the most important threat to males in terms of reproductive fitness were not only out-group males but also in-group males. 
- Patriarchy arises out of males' evolutionary derived efforts to control women and at the same time have solidarity with fellow men in competition against outsiders. Patriarchy has its ultimate origins in male violence. 
- Females develop traits that perpetuate this system: preference for most dominant men. 
- Among humans/chimpanzees, male groups usually go beyond defense and include unprovoked aggression, ``which suggests that our own intercommunity conflicts might be less terrible if they were conducted on behalf of women's rather than men's interests.'' (16). 
- Patriarchy is not inevitable. 
- ``Because human males, generally speaking, code the primal difference between male and female as a hierarchy in which the naturally selected goal is control and domination of the subordinate female, all those coded as `different' will be treated in accordance with that template of control and domination: out-group males, out-group females, and even in certain circumstances in-group males.'' (18) 
- Key causal mechanism on p. 18-19. 
- Modeling, Immediate Reinforcement, Male-bonded groups, },
	Author = {Hudson, Valerie M. and Caprioli, Mary and Ballif-Spanvill, Bonnie and McDermott, Rose and Emmett, Chad},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hudson et al. - 2009 - The Heart of the Matter The Security of Women and the Security of States.pdf:pdf},
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	Pages = {7--45},
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	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
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	Title = {{Democratization and the Danger of War}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1995}}

@misc{wagner2004,
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	Author = {Wagner, R Harrison},
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	Year = {2004}}

@article{ferrie2005,
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	Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {199--215},
	Title = {{The End of American Exceptionalism? Mobility in the United States Since 1850}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{zakaria2001,
	Author = {Zakaria, Fareed},
	Journal = {Newsweek},
	Title = {{The Politics of Rage: Why Do They Hate Us?}},
	Volume = {15 October},
	Year = {2001}}

@unpublished{debsandgoemans2008,
	Annote = {Typescript, the University of Rochester},
	Author = {Debs, Alexandre and Goemans, H.\~{}E.},
	Title = {{War! Who is it Good For? Regime Type, The Fate of Leaders and War}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{resnik2010-11,
	Author = {Resnick, Evan N},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {144--184},
	Title = {{Strange Bedfellows U.S Bargaining Behavior with Allies of Convenience}},
	Volume = {35}}

@article{Meierding2013,
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	Doi = {10.1111/misr.12030},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meierding - 2013 - Climate Change and Conflict Avoiding Small Talk about the Weather.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15219488},
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	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {185--203},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict: Avoiding Small Talk about the Weather}},
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@incollection{Ray2002,
	Annote = {- we need guidelines that specify which outcomes are most significant and which factors may best explain those outcomes in understanding American foreign policy.
- not possible or desirable to remain neutral about competing theories
- theories easier to categorize than theories
- Lake argues that theories have hampered progress, but his solution (interests, interactions, institutions) is too vague
- realism is predominant. Hobbes, Machiavelli, Thucydides, Sun Tzu, Kautilya
- 3 tenets of realism: states most important, states are rational, states seek power and calc interest in terms of power.
- some say globalization is undermining states, but there have always been detractors of states
- MNCs, IOs, NGOs are taking authority from states
- realist of state as primary actor is still viable though
- rationality? this is a simplifying assumption (driving directions)
- liberals acknowledge impact of domestic political considerations - basic tenets of liberalism (domestic matters, economic goals are important, int'l law/orgs are relatively important, values (esp. democ.) are important)
- Neoconservatism - more ideology than theory. combine Wilsonian idealism and Kissingerian realpolitik. 2002 NSS. 
- Constructivism - (identities/interests of political actors emerge as a result of interaction; int'l pol actors are not necessarily self-interested, distribution of ideas/norms/values is as important as dist. of capab.)
- Marxism/anti-est. approaches
- Rational political ambition theory
- Political leaders of states want primarily to stay in power. To stay in power, those leaders must deal w/internal and external competitors. Which domestic and foreign policies they select depends fundamentally on the structure of their domestic political systems.
- classic realism actually supposes a good amount of selflessness for leaders since they are said to act in pursuit of the NATIONAL interest.},
	Author = {Ray, James Lee},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ray - 2008 - Chapter 2 Analyzing Modern American Foreign Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {1--36},
	Title = {{Chapter 2: Analyzing Modern American Foreign Policy}},
	Year = {2008}}

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	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {526--545},
	Title = {{The Political Costs of Crisis Bargaining: Presidential Rhetoric and the Role of Party}},
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@book{parker1964,
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	Author = {Parker, Franklin D},
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	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002709351104},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002709351104},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002709351104}}

@article{Carrubba2009,
	Author = {Carrubba, Clifford James},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002238160809004X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carrubba - 2009 - A Model of the Endogenous Development of Judicial Institutions in Federal and International Systems.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {55},
	Title = {{A Model of the Endogenous Development of Judicial Institutions in Federal and International Systems}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002238160809004X},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002238160809004X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002238160809004X}}

@article{russett1995,
	Author = {Russett, Bruce},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Spring},
	Pages = {164--175},
	Title = {{And Yet It Moves: Correspondence}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Crescenzi2007,
	Author = {Crescenzi, Mark J. C.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00257.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Crescenzi - 2007 - Reputation and Interstate Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {382--396},
	Title = {{Reputation and Interstate Conflict}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00257.x},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00257.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00257.x}}

@article{leblangandbernhard2000,
	Author = {Leblang, David and Bernhard, William},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {291--324},
	Title = {{The Politics of Speculative Attacks in Industrial Democracies}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Homer-Dixon1991,
	Author = {Homer-Dixon, T.F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Homer-Dixon - 1991 - On the Threshold Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {76--116},
	Title = {{On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{hudsonetal2008-09,
	Author = {Hudson, Valerie M and Caprioli, Mary and Ballif-Spanvill, Bonnie and McDermott, Rose and Emmett, Chad F},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Winter},
	Pages = {7--45},
	Title = {{The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States}},
	Volume = {33}}

@book{larson1996,
	Address = {Santa Monica, CA},
	Author = {Larson, Eric},
	Publisher = {RAND},
	Title = {{Casualties and Consensus: The Historical Role of Casualties in Domestic Support for U.S. Military Operations}},
	Year = {1996}}

@incollection{Valenta1987,
	Address = {Boston},
	Author = {Valenta, Jiri and Valenta, Virginia},
	Booktitle = {Conflict in Nicaragua: A Multidimensional Perspective},
	Editor = {Valenta, Jiri and Duran, Esperanza},
	Pages = {3--40},
	Publisher = {Allen \& Unwin},
	Title = {{The FSLN in Power}},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{bennettandstam2000,
	Author = {Bennett, D Scott and Stam, Allan C},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {179--204},
	Title = {{$\backslash$textit\{EUGene\}: A Conceptual Manual}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Wendt1987,
	Author = {Wendt, A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wendt - 1987 - The agent-structure problem in international relations theory.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {335--370},
	Title = {{The agent-structure problem in international relations theory}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=4309572},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1987},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=4309572}}

@book{embretsonandreise2000,
	Address = {Mahwah, NJ},
	Author = {Embretson, Susan E and Reise, Steven P},
	Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
	Title = {{Item Response Theory for Psychologists}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Simmons2007,
	Annote = {Simmons, Beth A. and Allison Danner ``Credible Commitments and the International Criminal Court.'' International Organization 64 (2): 225-56. 

        
- The ICC is a mechanism to assist states in self-binding. The states that are both the least and the most vulnerable to the possibility of an ICC case affecting their citizens have committed most readily to the ICC, while potentially vulnerable states w/ credible alternative means to hold leaders accountable do not. 
- Credible commitment theory. 
- Unaccountable autocracies that have endured recent internal conflict have decided to cooperate w/ the ICC in surprising numbers. \`{a} Rationally tie hands to make steps toward conflict resolution. 
ICC -- pre-commits states. States don't decide. This is part of what makes it a credible commitment to domestic audiences \`{a} since officials can be prosecuted too. 

        
- Rebels fear that gov't will continue violence after peace agreement is reached. 
- Gov'ts cannot commit themselves through domestic mechanisms. 

        
Data/methods 
IVs -- civil war (was state involved in civil war in last 5 years?) and accountability (measured with democracy). 
DV -- ICC commitment. 
Hypotheses (p. 239) 
Event history analysis 
Results (p. 240) },
	Author = {Simmons, Beth A and Danner, Allison},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Simmons, Danner - 2007 - Credible commitments and the international criminal court.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {225--56},
	Title = {{Credible commitments and the international criminal court}},
	Url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=991128},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=991128}}

@article{buenodemesquitaandsmith2012,
	Author = {de Mesquita, Bruce and Smith, Alastair},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Pages = {161--181},
	Title = {{Domestic Explanations of International Relations}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{biddle2010,
	Author = {Biddle, Stephen},
	Journal = {Washington Post},
	Pages = {available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp}},
	Title = {{How to Manage Karzai}},
	Volume = {10 May 201},
	Year = {2010}}

@incollection{mcfadden1974,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {McFadden, Daniel L},
	Booktitle = {Frontiers in Econometrics},
	Editor = {Zarembka, Paul},
	Pages = {105--142},
	Publisher = {Academic Press},
	Title = {{Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior}},
	Year = {1974}}

@article{Achen1989,
	Author = {Achen, Christopher H. and Snidal, Duncan},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Achen, Snidal - 1989 - Rational Deterrence Theory and Comparative Case Studies.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {143--169},
	Title = {{Rational Deterrence Theory and Comparative Case Studies}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=7545784},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=7545784}}

@article{furiaandlucas2006,
	Author = {Furia, Peter A and Lucas, Russell E},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {585--605},
	Title = {{Determinants of Arab Public Opinion on Foreign Relations}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006}}

@incollection{rosecrance1976,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Rosecrance, Richard},
	Booktitle = {America as an Ordinary Country: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Future},
	Editor = {Rosecrance, Richard},
	Pages = {11--19},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Introduction}},
	Year = {1976}}

@article{Rodrik1996,
	Author = {Rodrik, Dani},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rodrik - 1996 - Understanding Economic Policy Reform.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {9--41},
	Title = {{Understanding Economic Policy Reform}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2729408},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2729408}}

@article{Wood2009,
	Author = {Wood, B. Dan},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00395.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wood - 2009 - Presidential Saber Rattling and the Economy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,Leaders},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,Leaders},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {695--709},
	Title = {{Presidential Saber Rattling and the Economy}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00395.x},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00395.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00395.x}}

@book{cox1997,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Cox, Gary W},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems}},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Kelley2004,
	Author = {Kelley, Judith},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818304583017},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kelley - 2004 - International Actors on the Domestic Scene Membership Conditionality and Socialization by International Institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {425--457},
	Title = {{International Actors on the Domestic Scene: Membership Conditionality and Socialization by International Institutions}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818304583017},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818304583017},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818304583017}}

@article{Volden2008,
	Author = {Volden, Craig and Ting, Michael M. and Carpenter, Daniel P.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055408080271},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Volden, Ting, Carpenter - 2008 - A Formal Model of Learning and Policy Diffusion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Diffusion},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Diffusion},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {319--332},
	Title = {{A Formal Model of Learning and Policy Diffusion}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055408080271},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055408080271},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080271}}

@article{moon2010,
	Author = {Moon, Chung-In},
	Journal = {Asian Survey},
	Number = {January/February},
	Pages = {56--64},
	Title = {{South Korea in 2009: From Setbacks to Reversal}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Newman2008,
	Author = {Newman, Abraham L.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080041},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Newman - 2008 - Building Transnational Civil Liberties Transgovernmental Entrepreneurs and the European Data Privacy Directive.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Transgovernmental Actors},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Transgovernmental Actors},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Title = {{Building Transnational Civil Liberties: Transgovernmental Entrepreneurs and the European Data Privacy Directive}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080041},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080041},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080041}}

@article{cole2006,
	Author = {Cole, Juan},
	Journal = {American Historical Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1120--1129},
	Shorttitle = {Anti-Americanism},
	Title = {{Anti-Americanism: It's the Policies}},
	Volume = {111},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Nordas2007,
	Annote = {The prospect of human-induced climate change encourages drastic neomalthusian scenarios. A number of claims about the conflict-inducing effects of climate change have surfaced in the public debate in recent years. Climate change has so many potential consequences for the physical environment that we could expect a large number of possible paths to conflict. However, the causal chains suggested in the literature have so far rarely been substantiated with reliable evidence. Given the combined uncertainties of climate and conflict research, the gaps in our knowledge about the consequences of climate change for conflict and security appear daunting. Social scientists are now beginning to respond to this challenge.We present some of the problems and opportunities in this line of research, summarize the contributions in this special issue, and discuss how the security concerns of climate change can be investigated more systematically.},
	Author = {Nordas, Ragnhild and Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.003},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nordas, Gleditsch - 2007 - Climate Change and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {armed conflict,climate change,ipcc,resource scarcity},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {627--638},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.003}}

@article{okane1981,
	Author = {O'Kane, Rosemary H T},
	Journal = {British Jourhnal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {287--308},
	Title = {{A Probabilistic Approach to the Causes of Coups d'\'{E}tat}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1981}}

@article{Beaulieu2012,
	Author = {Beaulieu, Emily and Cox, Gary W. and Saiegh, Sebastian},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000288},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Beaulieu, Cox, Saiegh - 2012 - Sovereign Debt and Regime Type Reconsidering the Democratic Advantage.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Cooperation,IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Cooperation,IPE},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {709--738},
	Title = {{Sovereign Debt and Regime Type: Reconsidering the Democratic Advantage}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000288},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000288},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000288}}

@article{moravcsik1997,
	Author = {Moravcsik, Andrew},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {Autumn},
	Pages = {513--553},
	Title = {{Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {1997}}

@incollection{Milner2006,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Milner, Helen V.},
	Booktitle = {Delegation and Agency in International Organizations},
	Editor = {Hawkins, Darren G. and Lake, David A. and Nielson, Daniel L. and Tierney, Michael J.},
	Pages = {107--139},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Why Multilateralism? Foreign Aid and Domestic Principal-Agent Problems}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Kriner2009,
	Author = {Kriner, Douglas and Shen, Francis},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609990090},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kriner, Shen - 2009 - Limited War and American Political Engagement.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1514},
	Title = {{Limited War and American Political Engagement}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381609990090},
	Volume = {71},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381609990090},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609990090}}

@book{King1994,
	Address = {Princeton},
	Author = {King, Gary and Keohane, Robert O. and Verba, Sidney},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Designing Social Inquiry}},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Tilly1975,
	Author = {Tilly, C},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tilly - 1975 - Reflections on the History of European State-Making.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The formation of national states in Western Europe},
	Title = {{Reflections on the History of European State-Making}},
	Url = {http://www.getcited.org/pub/103331999},
	Year = {1975},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.getcited.org/pub/103331999}}

@article{Peterson2003,
	Author = {Peterson, V.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Peterson - 2003 - Feminist theories within, invisible to, and beyond IR.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Brown J. World Aff.},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {35},
	Publisher = {HeinOnline},
	Title = {{Feminist theories within, invisible to, and beyond IR}},
	Url = {http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get\_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/brownjwa10\&amp;section=32},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol-cgi-bin/get%5C_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/brownjwa10%5C&amp;section=32}}

@book{sartori1973,
	Address = {Westport, CT},
	Author = {Sartori, Giovanni},
	Publisher = {Greenwood Press},
	Title = {{Democratic Theory}},
	Year = {1973}}

@article{Chang2007,
	Author = {Chang, Yang-Ming and Potter, Joel and Sanders, Shane},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.11.002},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Bryan/Third Party and SOLS Change/Sources/Chang et al 2007 War and peace- Third-party intervention in conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {01762680},
	Journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
	Keywords = {peace,territorial conflict,third-party intervention,war},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {954--974},
	Title = {{War and peace: Third-party intervention in conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0176268006001248},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0176268006001248},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.11.002}}

@article{Reed2010,
	Author = {Reed, William and Chiba, Daina},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00418.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reed, Chiba - 2010 - Decomposing the Relationship Between Contiguity and Militarized Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {61--73},
	Title = {{Decomposing the Relationship Between Contiguity and Militarized Conflict}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00418.x},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00418.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00418.x}}

@book{paulclarkeandgrill2010,
	Address = {Santa Monica, CA},
	Author = {Paul, Christopher and Clarke, Colin P and Grill, Beth},
	Publisher = {RAND Corporation},
	Title = {{Victory Has a Thousand Fathers: Sources of Success in Counterinsurgency}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Lyall2009,
	Author = {Lyall, J.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002708330881},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lyall - 2009 - Does Indiscriminate Violence Incite Insurgent Attacks Evidence from Chechnya.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {331--362},
	Title = {{Does Indiscriminate Violence Incite Insurgent Attacks?: Evidence from Chechnya}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002708330881},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002708330881},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002708330881}}

@article{gartzke1999,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {567--587},
	Title = {{War Is in the Error Term}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{colgan2013,
	Author = {Colgan, Jeff},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {TBD},
	Title = {{Domestic Revolutionary Leaders and International Conflict}},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Cederman2011b,
	Author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Warren, T. Camber and Sornette, Didier},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818311000245},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cederman, Warren, Sornette - 2011 - Testing Clausewitz Nationalism, Mass Mobilization, and the Severity of War(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Domestic Politics and Conflict,Norms},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {605--638},
	Title = {{Testing Clausewitz: Nationalism, Mass Mobilization, and the Severity of War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000245},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818311000245},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000245}}

@phdthesis{Stanton2009,
	Author = {Stanton, Jessica},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stanton - 2009 - Strategies of Violence and Restraint in Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	School = {Columbia University},
	Title = {{Strategies of Violence and Restraint in Civil War}},
	Year = {2009}}

@incollection{isernia2007,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Isernia, Pierangelo},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Chapter = {3},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {57--92},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanism in Europe during the Cold War}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Fravel2005,
	Author = {Fravel, M. Taylor},
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IPE,Trade,Trade and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,Trade,Trade and Conflict},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {133},
	Title = {{How Opportunity Costs Decrease the Probability of War in an Incomplete Information Game}},
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@article{Davis2004,
	Annote = {Davis, Christina L. 2004. "International Institutions and Issue Linkage: Building Support for Agricultural Trade Liberalization." American Political Science Review 98 (1): 153-69.
- Institutions bolster the credibility of issue-linkages. Issue-linkages counteract domestic obstacles to liberalization by broadening the negotiation stakes.
- To explain negotiation outcomes, one must look closer at how the agenda, rules, and procedures of a negotiation influence state choices. Power/interests alone fail to account for the variation across negotiations. Strong states sometimes are unable to persuade weaker states to open their markets, and influential lobby groups are not always able to prevent their government from signing a liberalizing agreement. 
- Once established, the institutionalized issue linkage applies greater pressure liberalization than threats or domestic political and financial constraints.
- Article presents evidence that linking negotiations on agriculture and other sectors brings more agricultural liberalization than other strategies. --> agriculture is traditionally a hard case. Agricultural exporters demand liberalization b/c protection closes off valuable markets.
- What has allowed governments to overcome domestic interests that will be harmed? - Davis argues that institutional context matters.
1. The negotiation agenda sets the negotiation stakes and policy scopes. Domestic interests usually do not lobby beyond their own interest.
2. The negotiation procedures guide the sequence of decisions.  This can effect outcomes according to which alternatives are presented when.
3. The nature of the rules determines the form of commitments that are reached in the negotiation. will it be binding? monitoring? etc. 
- The GATT and the WTO provide a forum for issue linkage in the trade negotiation rounds.
- in other contexts, issue linkage is more difficult. (DSP?)
- the initial choice of rules can constrain future choices (US initially was protectionist in agr. , now it favors exports but GATT makes it difficult). 
- I investigate whether institutional linkages promote agreements even when they involve an issue where coop is unlikely on that issue alone -- agricultural lib. in Japan and Europe faces opposition by strong domestic lobby groups.
Factors that facilitate acceptance of issue-linkage even when there is strong opposition to ag. lib.:
1. Gov'ts realize that a broad agenda encourages wider participation and greater potential gains from lib.
2. Protectionist interests face higher costs to mobilize early in the negotiation. 
Uruguay Round: Brazil and India initially didn't want to negotiate about service sector lib and property rights but later did b/c of desire to gain in other areas (These are both developing countries, however. Power dynamic?). 
Economic interests, the costs of mobilization, and uncertainty about outcomes encourage acceptance of the issue linkage in the agenda despite resistance to lib. of one component.

        
Package Negotiations: Institutionalized Cross-Sector Linkage
- Def: Issues are linked when they are simultaneously discussed for joint settlement.
- Focus is on tactical linkages (combine issues that do not substantively require joint settlement). multiple issues are included to balance so both sides can accept costs. 
- While IL can promote coop in some cases, the wrong combo or inability to credibly commit can undermine linkage strategy. 
- Davis examines a specific linkage, a package negotiation structure, addresses these 2 problems.
- PNS has a formal agenda

        
Cross-sector Interests
- in case of ag, farmers represent the entrenched interest group, and issue expansion offers one route to dilute their influence by forcing competition with other interests. 

        
Institutions and Credibility
- institutions facilitate issue linkage. adds credibility b/c it makes the negotiations ongoing.
Publicizing the issue linkage as a formal agenda accomplishes 2 purposes:
1. it creates a focal point from which negotiators are reluctant to retreat.
2. it signals to domestic groups that the success of any part of the negotiation will depend upon reaching an overall agreement. 

        
Linkage Hypothesis: The more institutionalized the linkage among multiple sectors in a negotiation, the more likely that the negotiation will liberalize agricultural trade barriers. 
2 key institutional features: whether the agenda commits to liberalization and whether procedures call for a single agreement w/ binding commitments on all of the agenda issues. 
The lack of a formal commitment to the linkage... makes it more difficult to signal that concessions in one area are necessary for gains in another. 

        
Alternative Explanations
- US influence: threats and appeals. US usually pushes free trade while threatening protectionism. 
- Domestic politics in Japan and EU
- Budget constraints
- \# of participants. 

        
Agricultural Trade Negotiation Data
- 267 cases of agricultural commodities that were the subject of US negotiations w/ Japan or the EU b/w 1970 and 1999. A negotiation on an ag trade barrier is a unit of analysis. 

        
Empirical Analysis
- In Japan and Europe, cross-sector linkage significantly increases the likelihood of liberalization. Also evidence that threats and LDP strength promote lib by Japan, and that the role of France along w/ budget conditions influences lib by the EU. (linkage relationship is stronger though). 
- see p. 163.

        
Qualitative Evidence for Cross-Sector Linkage
- see 164-165

      },
	Author = {Davis, Christina L},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Davis - 2004 - International Institutions and Issue Linkage Building Support for Agricultural Trade Liberalization.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {153--169},
	Title = {{International Institutions and Issue Linkage : Building Support for Agricultural Trade Liberalization}},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2004}}

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@article{PageFortna2011,
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@article{Beardsley2011,
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@book{edelstein2008,
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@article{Mesquita2006,
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@book{atwood2004,
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	Year = {2011}}

@article{Cao2012,
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	Issn = {0022-3816},
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@book{larsonandlevin2004,
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	Year = {2004}}

@article{mooney1996,
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@book{reiterandstam2002,
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@article{Weeks2012,
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	Volume = {106},
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@article{Milner2012,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Milner and Tingley 2013 The choice for multilateralism- Foreign aid and American foreign policy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1559-7431},
	Journal = {The Review of International Organizations},
	Keywords = {domestic politics,foreign aid,international institutions,multilateralism,opinion,public},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {313--341},
	Title = {{The choice for multilateralism: Foreign aid and American foreign policy}},
	Url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11558-012-9153-x},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11558-012-9153-x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11558-012-9153-x}}

@article{Blackwell2013,
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	Issn = {00925853},
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	Year = {2013},
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@misc{Twigg2007a,
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	Year = {2007}}

@article{Helleiner2011,
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	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000305},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Helleiner, Pagliari - 2011 - The End of an Era in International Financial Regulation A Postcrisis Research Agenda.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
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	Keywords = {International Finance,Review Essay},
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	Month = feb,
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	Title = {{The End of an Era in International Financial Regulation? A Postcrisis Research Agenda}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000305},
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@article{stoll2008,
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	Annote = {Four mechanisms:
1. In-migration causes competition for resources b/w host and migrants.
2. Existing ethnic balance is upset by migration.
3. In-migration allows receiving state to exploit for future gain, or possibly the receiving state sees the sender as using migrant flows strategically.
4. Conflict may follow existing fault lines. },
	Author = {Reuveny, Rafael},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reuveny - 2008 - Ecomigration and Violent Conflict Case Studies and Public Policy Implications.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0300-7839},
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@article{Malesky2008,
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@misc{gartzkeandgleditsch2003,
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@article{Deutsch1964,
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	Journal = {World Politics},
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	Year = {1964},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S004388710001220X}}

@unpublished{chicagocouncil2009,
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	Year = {2009}}

@book{Koremenos2001a,
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	Isbn = {0020818301441},
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	Pages = {1051--1082},
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	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818301441518},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818301441518},
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@article{guan2003,
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	Volume = {3},
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@book{Moran2011,
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@book{skocpol1979,
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	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:Climate+Wars+?\#0 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC\_a\_00065},
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@article{alesinaetal2003,
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	Title = {{Fractionalization}},
	Volume = {8},
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@book{Fomby2009,
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	Publisher = {The World Bank},
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	Year = {2009}}

@article{Chiozza2003,
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	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Keywords = {conflict resolution,innovation,political leaders,reputation,territorial disputes},
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	Title = {{Guess Who Did What: Political Leaders and the Management of Territorial Disputes, 1950-1990}},
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@book{revel1974,
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@article{gleditschandhegre1997,
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@techreport{IPCC2012a,
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@article{Perla2011,
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	Mendeley-Tags = {Public Attitudes,War},
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	Title = {{Explaining Public Support for the Use of Military Force: The Impact of Reference Point Framing and Prospective Decision Making}},
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	Volume = {65},
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@article{berman2003,
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@article{Burns2011a,
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@article{Fearon1998,
	Annote = {Fearon, James D. 1998. "Bargaining, Enforcement, and International Cooperation." International Organization 52 (2): 269-305.
2 main arguments:
1. Understanding problems of international cooperation as having a common strategic structure is more accurate and perhaps more theoretically fruitful. Problems of int'l coop typically involve a bargaining problem, and then an enforcement problem.
- uses a game-theoretic model showing int'l cooperation as having two linked phases: bargaining over a particular deal and then the enforcement phase.
2. Although a long SotF may make enforcing an int'l agreement easier, it can also give states an incentive to bargain harder, delaying agreement in hopes of getting a better deal. 270. The SotF thus both makes cooperative deals sustainable, but also delays bargaining.
Structure: 2nd and 3rd sections are arguments/model. 4th is assessing the empirical implications of the theoretical claims.--> argues that his theory better accounts for early CW arms competition. Conclusion compares bargaining to the relative gains problem.

        
Strategic Structure and Problems of Int'l Cooperation.
- Key argument of cooperation theory is that different issue domains have different strategic structures w/ different consequences for the likelihood of int'l coop. - Coordination vs. Prisoner's Dilemma
This idea has three important consequences for evolution of research:
1. Scholars ask which game best characterizes their empirical puzzle, and then ask what the preferences were. But coop theory has no answer to how preferences are assigned. 272-3. Such games are simply bad models of the strategic problems that leaders typically confront.
2. Debate over relative empirical importance of Prisoners' Dilemma and coordination problems as obstacles to int'l cooperation.
3. The focus on Coordination vs. Prisoner's Dilemma has caused IR scholars to become confused about bargaining. Bargaining problems are not well represented by any 2 x 2 game.
274 - a bargaining problem refers to a situation where there are multiple self-enforcing agreements or outcomes that two or more parties would all prefer to no agreement, but the parties disagree in their ranking of the mutually preferable agreements. they are dynamic. they typically involve uncertainty or private information about what the other side's true 'bottom line' is and thus possibilities for bluffing and misrepresentation.
- resolved in a series of offers/counteroffers
- also involve monitoring and enforcement.
Again,  bargaining over a particular deal and then the enforcement phase, these two steps characterize cooperation problem, not coordination vs PD.
	- Empirically, this may involve:
	1. bargaining over the division of new or potential benefits.
	2. attempts to renegotiate an existing cooperative arrangement, where one party threatens to revert to noncooperation.
- After an initial agreement is reached, bargaining problems may recur as circumstances change or relative power shifts, leading to efforts at renegotiation.
- in sum, Fearon rejects the dichotomy of coordination/PD

        
A Model in Which States Bargain to Determine Which Agreement to Enforce
- 2 states, both prefer an agreement, bargaining over 2 agreements, but they differ on their preferred agreement.
- "war of attrition" model: states hold out as long as possible even though it is costly to them. --> this models bargaining nicely.
- 279 - the state with the lower costs for noncooperation is more powerful, because it has less to lose from not cooperating.
- If states anticipate that obstacles to monitoring and enforcement would make any cooperative agreement in an issue area unstable, they have no incentive to negotiate or to negotiate seriously. Thus there is a potentially important selection effect behind cases of international negotiations aimed at cooperation. We should observe serious attempts at international cooperation in cases where the monitoring and enforcement dilemmas are probably resolvable. 
- how to enforce? in the article the "punishment regime" is "grim trigger" --> this strategy is that when one person is detected defecting, both players defect from then on forever.
- 280 - It is more likely that an agreement will be enforceable the longer the SotF; the better the technology for monitoring; the lower the short-run benefits of defection; and the greater the costs of noncooperation.
- The less powerful a state is, the more it is willing to live with relatively asymmetric deals that disadvantage it, because the option of noncooperation is relatively worse. --> CONTRAST w/ ABOVE FOR DQ?
- in the case where there are 2 enforceable deals, there is something to bargain over.
282 - As the SotF lengthens, both states choose tougher and tougher bargaining strategies on average, implying longer and longer delay till cooperation begins. When states care a lot about the future, they care more about getting a better deal in the future. 
- as the discount rate approaches zero, the expected time till agreement approaches infinity.
- What if continuous offers are allowed? (in other words, compromises)
- still holds.

        
Empirical Implications, 284
Predictions
1. In cases where effective monitoring is thought infeasible or the SotF too short, state leaders will expect that no bargained agreement will be enforceable due to incentives to renege in the enforcement phase. We should observe either discussions about how to make monitoring and enforcement feasible; nonserious bargaining; or no bargaining at all. 285
2. we should sometimes observe costly, noncooperative standoffs in precisely those circumstances where received coop theory would predict cooperation (that is, when the SotF is long and there are potential mutual gains from agreement).

        
No empirical test, but other studies confirm. Putnam and Bayne, fears of defection played little role in int'l negotiations over macroeconomic policy.
1. relative absence of concerns about reneging.
2. numerous case studies find not only that major concerns about enforcement do not predominate in observed cases, but also that the question of 'who backs down?' is often at least as or more difficult for states than 'will the other side renege on the deal?'
	(DQ: How might non-state actors influence the process of negotiation and bargaining? What information provided by NGOs and/or NGO framings influences the discount rate that states apply to future gains? For example, might environmental organizations framing environmental issues in certain ways contribute to states' viewing these issues as more important in the future and thus contribute indirectly to deadlock?)
- by sampling on negotiations, we may be missing cases where no serious bargaining occurs because both sides expect that all mutually beneficial deals would be unenforceable. 290
	- this can be addressed 1.) by sampling on issue areas rather than negotiations or agreements, 2.) by asking whether state leaders in question believe that they are forgoing substantial benefits b/c of the enforcement problem and are seeking ways to improve monitoring and enforcement in order to gain greater cooperation (and thus welfare).290
- Serious cooperation b/w US and Soviet Union didn't begin until Limited Test Ban Treaty b/c this was easy to monitor and renege on if needed. The development of satellite reconnaissance tech in early 1960s solved monitoring problems that made it possible to bargain in SALT I. 
	(DQ: Should we look for the development of other technologies to see if cooperative arrangements followed?)
The US - Soviet arms race was a long-lived, costly standoff that is anomalous for received cooperation theory but not for the theory advanced here. 293. It is not simply a PD. 
- Real value of Fearon's theory is that it explains many anomalous cases in cooperation theory.
- Insofar as a regime is expected to govern relations for a long time, the states' distributional stakes are raised at the outset.

        
The relative-gains problem can block mutually advantageous cooperation if two conditions are met:
1. the states involved are unable to commit not to use relative gains accruing from an agreement to extort or extract further gains in the future.
2. the states must be unable to divide the gains so that current relative-bargaining power will be preserved in the future.
The bargaining and relative gains problems are distinct. rel-gains should be understood as a problem of credible commitment (or anarchy) that may require a bargaining problem to operate at all.
- Regimes deserve attention as forums for bargaining rather than primarily as institutions that aid monitoring and enforcement. 298.
How do regimes ease the problem of distributional conflict over the terms of interstate agreements? Beyond Keohanes side payments and issue linkage, there are three ways:
1. focal points and bargaining precedents are undoubtedly created by the experience of repeatedly negotiating certain sets of issues with the context of a regime.
2. regimes put explicit structure on interstate bargaining processes
3. regimes may lessen the bargaining problem by raising the political costs of failure to agree, since a failure to agree can now have adverse implications for the regime. 

      },
	Author = {Fearon, James D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon - 1998 - Bargaining, Enforcement, and International Cooperation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {269--305},
	Title = {{Bargaining, Enforcement, and International Cooperation}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {1998}}

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@book{post2005,
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	Title = {{The Psychological Assessment of Political Leaders: With Profiles of Saddam Hussein and Bill Clinton}},
	Year = {2005}}

@unpublished{Coleman2010a,
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	Keywords = {colombia,community-driven reconstruction,desarrollo y,development aid,evaluaci,experiment,for the report,l,laboratorios de paz,los programas paz y,on de impacto de,the data used for,this paper was collected},
	Title = {{Reconstructing Cooperation from Civil Conflict : Experimental Evidence from Colombian Development Policy}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Ear2013,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Review of Aid Dependence in Cambodia- How Foreign Assistance Undermines Democracy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0129-797X},
	Journal = {Contemporary Southeast Asia},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {284},
	Title = {{Aid Dependence in Cambodia: How Foreign Assistance Undermines Democracy}},
	Url = {https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/1908},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {2013},
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	Issn = {0022-3816},
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	Title = {{Social Constraints and Civil War: Bridging the Gap with Criminological Theory}},
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@article{Kroenig2013,
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict},
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	Pages = {141--171},
	Title = {{Nuclear Superiority and the Balance of Resolve: Explaining Nuclear Crisis Outcomes}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000367},
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@techreport{pew2005,
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	Title = {{American Character Gets Mixed Reviews: U.S. Image up Slightly, but Still Negative}},
	Year = {2005}}

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@book{hertsgaard2002,
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	Author = {Hertsgaard, Mark},
	Publisher = {Farrar, Straus and Giroux},
	Title = {{The Eagle Shadow: Why America Fascinates and Infuriates the World}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Bailey1997,
	Author = {Bailey, By Michael A and Goldstein, Judith and Weingast, Barry R},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bailey, Goldstein, Weingast - 1997 - The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {309--338},
	Title = {{The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Buhaug2008,
	Author = {Buhaug, Halvard and Cederman, Lars-Erik and R\o d, Jan Ketil},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080181},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Buhaug, Cederman, R\o d - 2008 - Disaggregating Ethno-Nationalist Civil Wars A Dyadic Test of Exclusion Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Title = {{Disaggregating Ethno-Nationalist Civil Wars: A Dyadic Test of Exclusion Theory}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080181},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080181},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080181}}

@book{haseler1985,
	Address = {Washington, D.C.},
	Author = {Haseler, Stephen},
	Publisher = {Ethics and Public Policy Center},
	Title = {{The Varieties of Anti-Americanism: Reflex and Response}},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Scheve2012,
	Author = {Scheve, Kenneth and Stasavage, David},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055411000517},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Scheve, Stasavage - 2012 - Democracy, War, and Wealth Lessons from Two Centuries of Inheritance Taxation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {81--102},
	Title = {{Democracy, War, and Wealth: Lessons from Two Centuries of Inheritance Taxation}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055411000517},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055411000517},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000517}}

@article{frum2007,
	Author = {Frum, David},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy},
	Number = {March/April},
	Pages = {44},
	Title = {{Who Wins in Iraq? Samuel Huntington}},
	Volume = {No. 159},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Wagner2010,
	Author = {Wagner, R. Harrison},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1752971910000084},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wagner - 2010 - War and the State a synopsis.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1752-9719},
	Journal = {International Theory},
	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {283--287},
	Title = {{War and the State: a synopsis}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S1752971910000084},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S1752971910000084},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1752971910000084}}

@article{Lyall2010,
	Author = {Lyall, Jason},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055409990323},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lyall - 2010 - Are Coethnics More Effective Counterinsurgents Evidence from the Second Chechen War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {1},
	Title = {{Are Coethnics More Effective Counterinsurgents? Evidence from the Second Chechen War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055409990323},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055409990323},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990323}}

@article{weidmannetal2010,
	Author = {Weidmann, Nils B and Kuse, Doreen and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {86--106},
	Title = {{The Geography of the International System: The \{CShapes\} Dataset}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{dafoe2011,
	Author = {Dafoe, Allan},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {247--262},
	Title = {{Statistical Critiques of the Democratic Peace: Caveat Emptor}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011}}

@techreport{Chamber1992,
	Author = {Chamber, Roberts},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chamber - 1992 - Rural appraisal rapid, relaxed and participatory.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {IDS Discussion Paper 311},
	Pages = {1--68},
	Title = {{Rural appraisal: rapid, relaxed and participatory}},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{bachrachandbaratz1963,
	Author = {Bachrach, Peter and Baratz, Morton S},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {632--642},
	Title = {{Decisions and Nondecisions: An Analytic Framework}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {1963}}

@article{Gilligan2006,
	Annote = {
        Gilligan, Michael J. 2006. ``Is Enforcement Necessary for Effectiveness? A Model of the International Criminal Regime.'' 
        
        
          International Organization 
        
        
        60(4): 935-967.
        
I model the interaiton between a leader and a foreign stat that has the option of offering that leader sylum. I examine the effect of the creation of an ICC-like institution on that interaction. The model produce 3 main findings: 1. Leaders' reigns will not be prolonged as a result of the regime, 2. Although the institution has no enforcement power, some leaders (those with such a high prob of being deposed that they would willingly surrender to the institution rather than try to stay in office) will be punished by it. In those circumstances the foreign state has no incentive to offer the leader asylum. 3. The institution may deter some atrocities at the margin. },
	Author = {Gilligan, MJ},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gilligan - 2006 - Is Enforcement Necessary for Effectiveness A Model of the International Criminal Regime.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {935--967},
	Title = {{Is Enforcement Necessary for Effectiveness? A Model of the International Criminal Regime}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818306060310},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818306060310}}

@book{reiterandstam2002,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Reiter, Dan and Stam, Allan C},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Democracies at War}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{kuran1991,
	Author = {Kuran, Timur},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--48},
	Title = {{Now Out of Never: The Element of Surprise in the East European Revolution of 1989}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Green2012,
	Author = {Green, Brendan Rittenhouse},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Green - 2012 - Two Concepts of Liberty U.S. Cold War Grand Strategies and the Liberal Tradition.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {9--43},
	Title = {{Two Concepts of Liberty: U.S. Cold War Grand Strategies and the Liberal Tradition}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC\_a\_00097},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC%5C_a%5C_00097}}

@article{Blair2013,
	Author = {Blair, Graeme and {Christine Fair}, C. and Malhotra, Neil and Shapiro, Jacob N.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00604.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Blair et al. - 2013 - Poverty and Support for Militant Politics Evidence from Pakistan.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {30--48},
	Title = {{Poverty and Support for Militant Politics: Evidence from Pakistan}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00604.x},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00604.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00604.x}}

@unpublished{shafiqandsinno2009,
	Annote = {Forthcoming in the $\backslash$emph\{Journal of Conflict Resolution\}; available at SSRN: $\backslash$url\{http://ssrn.com/abstract=1163046\}},
	Author = {Shafiq, M Najeeb and Sinno, Abdulkader},
	Title = {{Education, Income and Support for Suicide Bombings: Evidence from Six Muslim Countries}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{nyeandowens1996,
	Author = {jr. {Nye Joseph S.} and Owens, William A},
	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Pages = {20--36},
	Title = {{America's Information Edge}},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Fearon1997,
	Abstract = {The author distinguishes between two types of costly signals that state leaders might employ in trying to credibly communicate their foreign policy interests to other states, whether in the realm of grand strategy or crisis diplomacy. Leaders might either (a) tie hands by creating audience costs that they will suffer ex post if they do not follow through on their threat or commitment (i.e., costs arising from the actions of domestic political audiences) or (b) sink costs by taking actions such as mobilizing troops that are financially costly ex ante. Analysis of a game model depicting the essentials of each case yields two principal results. First, in the games' equilibria, leaders never bluff with either type of signal; they do not incur or create costs and then fail to respond if challenged. Second, leaders do better on average by tying hands, despite the fact that the ability to do so creates a greater ex ante risk of war than does the use of sunk-cost signals. These results and the logic behind them may help explain some empirical features of international signaling, such as many crises' appearance as competitions in creating domestic political audience costs. They also generate empirical puzzles, such as why the seemingly plausible logic of inference that undermines bluffing in the model does not operate in all empirical cases.},
	Author = {Fearon, James D},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002797041001004},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon - 1997 - Signaling Foreign Policy Interests Tying Hands versus Sinking Costs.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022002715528766},
	Issn = {00220027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Pages = {68--90},
	Title = {{Signaling Foreign Policy Interests: Tying Hands versus Sinking Costs}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002797041001004}}

@book{hoffman2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Hoffman, Bruce},
	Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	Title = {{Inside Terrorism}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Goodarzi2011,
	Author = {Goodarzi, Afshin and Tavassoli, Mehran and Ardeshiri, Ghasem and Ahmadi, Saba},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Goodarzi et al. - 2011 - Using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in rural research.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Advances in Environmental Biology},
	Keywords = {participatory rural appraisal,pra,rural research},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {2981--2985},
	Title = {{Using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in rural research}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Wiegand2011,
	Author = {Wiegand, Krista E. and Powell, Emilia Justynia},
	Doi = {10.1177/0738894211404792},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiegand, Powell - 2011 - Unexpected Companions Bilateral Cooperation Between States Involved in Territorial Disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {209--229},
	Title = {{Unexpected Companions: Bilateral Cooperation Between States Involved in Territorial Disputes}},
	Url = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0738894211404792},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0738894211404792},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894211404792}}

@book{kingkeohaneandverba1994,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {King, Gary and Keohane, Robert O and Verba, Sidney},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research}},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Nel2008,
	Author = {Nel, Philip and Righarts, Marjolein},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nel, Righarts - 2008 - Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {159--185},
	Title = {{Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x}}

@book{heinlandheinl1996,
	Address = {Lanham},
	Annote = {Revised and expanded by Michael Heinl},
	Author = {Heinl, Robert Debs and Heinl, Nancy Gordon},
	Publisher = {University Press of America, Inc.},
	Title = {{Written in Blood; The Story of the Haitian People 1492--1995}},
	Year = {1996}}

@unpublished{bbc2005,
	Annote = {$\backslash$url\{http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle$\backslash$\_east/4423008.stm\}},
	Author = {{BBC News}},
	Title = {{Jordan Hotel Blasts Kill Dozens}}}

@article{Dietz2012,
	Author = {Dietz, Mary G.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000184},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dietz - 2012 - Between Polis and Empire Aristotle's Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = may,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--19},
	Title = {{Between Polis and Empire: Aristotle's Politics}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055412000184},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055412000184},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000184}}

@article{Haas2009,
	Author = {Haas, Peter M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818300032975},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Haas - 1989 - Do regimes matter Epistemic communities and Mediterranean pollution control.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818300},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {377--403},
	Title = {{Do regimes matter? Epistemic communities and Mediterranean pollution control}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300032975},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300032975},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300032975}}

@article{gibler2007,
	Author = {Gibler, Douglas M},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {509--532},
	Title = {{Bordering on Peace: Democracy, Territorial Issues, and Conflict}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Chase2008,
	Author = {Chase, Kerry a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080235},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chase - 2008 - Moving Hollywood Abroad Divided Labor Markets and the New Politics of Trade in Services.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {653},
	Title = {{Moving Hollywood Abroad: Divided Labor Markets and the New Politics of Trade in Services}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080235},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080235},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080235}}

@article{Deudney1991,
	Abstract = {A feature of the growing discussion of the environmental issues in the United States is the use of language traditionally associated with violence and war to understand environmental problems and to motivate action. The idea of "environmental security" and its implications on spending and organizational priorities are discussed. (KR)},
	Author = {Deudney, Daniel},
	Issn = {00963402},
	Journal = {Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists},
	Pages = {22--28},
	Title = {{Environment and Security: Muddled Thinking}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Doyle1986,
	Author = {Doyle, Michael W.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Doyle - 1986 - Liberalism and World Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1151--1169},
	Title = {{Liberalism and World Politics}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1960861},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {1986},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1960861}}

@article{Theisen2012a,
	Author = {Theisen, O.M. and Holtermann, H. and Buhaug, H.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Theisen, Holtermann, Buhaug - 2012 - Climate Wars Assessing the Claim that Drought Breeds Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {79--106},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {{Climate Wars? Assessing the Claim that Drought Breeds Conflict}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Ray2011,
	Author = {Ray, James Lee},
	Doi = {10.2202/1540-8884.1437},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ray - 2011 - Historical Analogies, Military Surges, (and Economic Crises) Who Should be Consulted.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1540-8884},
	Journal = {The Forum},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {2},
	Title = {{Historical Analogies, Military Surges, (and Economic Crises): Who Should be Consulted?}},
	Url = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/for.2011.9.2\_20120105083457/for.2011.9.2/for.2011.9.2.1437/for.2011.9.2.1437.xml},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/for.2011.9.2%5C_20120105083457/for.2011.9.2/for.2011.9.2.1437/for.2011.9.2.1437.xml},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1540-8884.1437}}

@book{steinberg2005,
	Address = {Armonk, NY},
	Editor = {Steinberg, David I},
	Publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
	Title = {{\{K\}orean Attitudes Toward the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates: Changing Dynamics}},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{ross2012,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Ross, Michael L},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{The Oil Curse: How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the Development of Nations}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Devitt2012,
	Author = {Devitt, C. and Tol, R. S.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343311427417},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Devitt, Tol - 2012 - Civil war, climate change, and development A scenario study for sub-Saharan Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {129--145},
	Title = {{Civil war, climate change, and development: A scenario study for sub-Saharan Africa}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343311427417},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343311427417},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311427417}}

@article{verba1996,
	Author = {Verba, Sidney},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--7},
	Title = {{The Citizen as Respondent: Sample Surveys and \{A\}merican Democracy. $\backslash$emph\{Presidential Address, American Political Science Association, 1995\}}},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Gartzke1998Kant,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-06 15:25:46 +0000},
	Doi = {10.2307/419585},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gartzke - 1998 - Kant We All Just get Along Opportunity, Willingness, and the Origins of the Democratic Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {10490965},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--27},
	Title = {{Kant We All Just get Along? Opportunity, Willingness, and the Origins of the Democratic Peace}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/419585?origin=crossref},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/419585}}

@article{Voeten2008,
	Author = {Voeten, Erik},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055408080398},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Voeten - 2008 - The Impartiality of International Judges Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {International Law},
	Mendeley-Tags = {International Law},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {417},
	Title = {{The Impartiality of International Judges: Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055408080398},
	Volume = {102},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055408080398},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080398}}

@article{chiozza2002,
	Author = {Chiozza, Giacomo},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {711--734},
	Title = {{Is There a Clash of Civilizations? Evidence from Patterns of International Conflict Involvement, 1946--1997}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2002}}

@incollection{Deudney1999,
	Address = {Albany},
	Author = {Deudney, Daniel H.},
	Booktitle = {Contested Grounds: Security and Conflict in the New Environmental Politics},
	Editor = {Deudney, Daniel and Matthew, Richard A.},
	Pages = {187--222},
	Publisher = {State University of New York Press},
	Title = {{Environmental Security: A Critique}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Maat2011,
	Author = {van der Maat, Eelco},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343310396267},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Maat - 2011 - Sleeping hegemons Third-party intervention following territorial integrity transgressions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Keywords = {causal complexity,fsqca,territorial conflict,third-party intervention},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {201--215},
	Title = {{Sleeping hegemons: Third-party intervention following territorial integrity transgressions}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343310396267},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343310396267},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343310396267}}

@article{Mathews1997,
	Annote = {- gov'ts are sharing power with NGOs. 
- human security, not national security
- most important factor in decline of states is computer/telecommunications revolution
- this tech has potential to divide societies along lines of ordinary/elite
- the information technologies disrupt hierarchies, spreading power. lower costs of communication/coordination

        
- NAAEC is example of NGOs pushing around even largest governments
- Worldwide media attention prevented Mexican government from cracking down too hard on Chiapas rebellion.

        
- NGOs participate in int'l negotiations
- 

      },
	Author = {Mathews, Jessica T.},
	Doi = {10.4045/tidsskr.12.02E1},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mathews - 1997 - Power Shift.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0807-7096},
	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {50--66},
	Pmid = {22278258},
	Title = {{Power Shift}},
	Volume = {76},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.12.02E1}}

@article{sorensen1992,
	Author = {S\o rensen, Georg},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {397--414},
	Title = {{Kant and the Processes of Democratization: Consequences for Neorealist Thought}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1992}}

@book{dodge2012,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Dodge, Toby},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Iraq: From War to a New Authoritarianism}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Clarke2005,
	Author = {Clarke, Kevin},
	Doi = {10.1080/07388940500339183},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Clarke - 2005 - The Phantom Menace Omitted Variable Bias in Econometric Research.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {341--352},
	Title = {{The Phantom Menace: Omitted Variable Bias in Econometric Research}},
	Url = {http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/Index/10.1080/07388940500339183},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/Index/10.1080/07388940500339183},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388940500339183}}

@article{smith2005,
	Author = {Smith, Benjamin B},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {421--451},
	Title = {{Life of the Party: The Origins of Regime Breakdown and Persistence under Single-Party Rule}},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{gerring2004,
	Author = {Gerring, John},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {341--354},
	Title = {{What Is a Case Study and What is It Good for?}},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Nel2008a,
	Author = {Nel, Philip and Righarts, Marjolein},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nel, Righarts - 2008 - Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {159--185},
	Title = {{Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x}}

@article{Burley2009,
	Author = {Burley, Anne-Marie and Mattli, Walter},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818300004707},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Burley, Mattli - 1993 - Europe Before the Court A Political Theory of Legal Integration.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818300},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {41--76},
	Title = {{Europe Before the Court: A Political Theory of Legal Integration}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300004707},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300004707},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300004707}}

@incollection{rothenberg2007,
	Address = {Burlington, VT},
	Author = {Rothenberg, Gunther E},
	Booktitle = {Warfare in Europe, 1792--1815},
	Chapter = {3},
	Editor = {Schneid, Frederick C},
	Publisher = {Ashgate Publishing Companay},
	Series = {The international library of essays on military history},
	Title = {{The Origins, Causes and Extensions of the Wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Tertrais2011,
	Author = {Tertrais, Bruno},
	Doi = {10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tertrais - 2011 - The Climate Wars Myth.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0163-660X},
	Journal = {The Washington Quarterly},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {17--29},
	Title = {{The Climate Wars Myth}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951}}

@incollection{przeworski1999,
	Author = {Przeworski, Adam},
	Booktitle = {Democracy's Value},
	Editor = {Shapiro, Ian and Hacker-Cordon, Casiano},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Minimalist Concept of Democracy: A Defense}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Diehl1994,
	Author = {Diehl, Paul F.},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050629408434825},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Diehl - 1994 - Substitutes or complements The effects of alliances on military spending in major power rivalries.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {159--176},
	Title = {{Substitutes or Complements?: The Effects of Alliances on Military Spending in Major Power Rivalries}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629408434825}}

@article{Fearon1994,
	Author = {Fearon, James D.},
	Doi = {10.2307/2944796},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon - 1994 - Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00030554},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {577--592},
	Title = {{Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2944796?origin=crossref},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2944796?origin=crossref},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944796}}

@article{Girod2012,
	Author = {Girod, Desha M.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00552.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Girod - 2012 - Effective Foreign Aid Following Civil War The Nonstrategic-Desperation Hypothesis.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {188--201},
	Title = {{Effective Foreign Aid Following Civil War: The Nonstrategic-Desperation Hypothesis}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00552.x},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00552.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00552.x}}

@incollection{kuklinskiandquirk1998,
	Author = {Kuklinski, James and Quirk, Paul},
	Booktitle = {Elements of Political Reason},
	Editor = {Lupia, Arthur and McCubbins, Mathew and Popkin, Samuel},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Reconsidering the Rational Public}},
	Year = {1998}}

@book{jervis1976,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Perception and Misperception in International Politics}},
	Year = {1976}}

@book{Martin2000,
	Address = {Princeton},
	Author = {Martin, Lisa},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Democratic Commitments: Legislatures in International Cooperation}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Carruba2012,
	Author = {Carruba, Clifford J. and Gabel, Matthew and Hankla, Charles},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000020},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carruba, Gabel, Hankla - 2012 - Understanding the Role of the European Court of Justice in European Integration.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {International Law},
	Mendeley-Tags = {International Law},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {214--223},
	Title = {{Understanding the Role of the European Court of Justice in European Integration}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055412000020},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055412000020},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000020}}

@incollection{goemans2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Goemans, H.\~{}E.},
	Booktitle = {Territoriality and Conflict in an Era of Globalization},
	Chapter = {2},
	Editor = {Kahler, Miles and Walter, Barbara},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Territory, Territorial Attachment and Conflict}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Allee2012,
	Author = {Allee, Todd L. and Scalera, Jamie E.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000082},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Allee, Scalera - 2012 - The Divergent Effects of Joining International Organizations Trade Gains and the Rigors of WTO Accession.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs,IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs,IPE},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {243--276},
	Title = {{The Divergent Effects of Joining International Organizations: Trade Gains and the Rigors of WTO Accession}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000082},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000082},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000082}}

@article{mcolaresi2004,
	Author = {Colaresi, Michael},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {555--570},
	Title = {{When Doves Cry: Unreciprocated Cooperation and Leadership Tenure}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004}}

@misc{Henry,
	Abstract = {The publication of Elinor Ostrom's (1990) Governing the Commons fueled significant theoretical and empirical progress in the field of commons governance and collective action, most notably in the form of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework. A central question within this literature is how trust is created, maintained, and potentially destroyed in the context of sustainability issues. While the commons literature has provided a deeper understanding of trust, most empirical work has been done in relatively simple settings that do not capture the complexity of many global, institutionally-complex dilemmas that we face today. This paper discusses how our understanding of trust in these more complex settings may be improved by considering how two broad categories of variables -- belief systems and networks -- influence trust.},
	Author = {Henry, Adam Douglas and Dietz, Thomas},
	Booktitle = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Issn = {1875-0281},
	Keywords = {Advocacy coalition framework (ACF),belief systems,common pool resources,homophily,information,institutional analysis and development (IAD),networks,reputation,risk,sustainability,transitivity,trust},
	Language = {en},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {188--212},
	Title = {{Information, networks, and the complexity of trust in commons governance}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-101630/231},
	Volume = {5},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-101630/231}}

@article{labiancabrassandgray1998,
	Author = {Labianca, Giuseppe and Brass, Daniel J and Gray, Barbara},
	Journal = {The Academy of Management Journal},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {55--67},
	Title = {{Social Networks and Perceptions of Intergroup Conflict: The Role of Negative Relationships and Third Parties}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Finnemore1998,
	Annote = {Finnemore, Martha and Kathyrn Sikkink. 1998. ``International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.'' International Organization 52 (4): 887-917. 
- how do we know a norm when we see one? How do we know they make a difference? Where from? How do they change? 
3 arguments: 
1. the ideational `turn' of recent years is actually a return to some traditional concerns of the discipline. 
            - only know norms indirectly (892) 
2. norms evolve in a patterned `life cycle' and that different behavioral logics dominate different segments of the life cycle. 
            - norm emergence, norm cascade, norm internalization. Tipping point b/w emergence and cascade. Norm entrepreneurs important in emergence, they frame things, difficult to explain their actions w/out reference to empathy/altruism/ideational commitment. Some sort of organizational platform is needed. Securing support of state actors important. In most cases institutionalization is required. Internalization can be result of iteration/habit. 
3. the current tendency to oppose norms against rationality or rat choice is not helpful in explaining many of the most politically salient processes we see in empirical research -- processes we call `strategic social construction,' in which actors strategize rationally to reconfigure preferences, identities, or social context. (888) 
- definitions: 
          
norm - a standard of appropriate behavior. 
Regulative norms order and constrain behavior. Constitutive norms create new actors, interests, or categories of action. Evaluative or prescriptive norms say what ought to be done. (891). 
- int'l norms must always work their influence through the filter of domestic structures and domestic norms. 893. 
`the primary mechanism for promoting norm cascades is an active process of international socialization intended to induce norm breakers to become norm followers' 902. 
- identity as part of group matters for norm adherence. 902. 
Why do states respond to peer pressure? \`{a} legitimation, conformity, and esteem. 
            - also, legitimation, prominence, intrinsic characteristics of the norm. 
One problem w/ claims in empirical work that norms are a cause of behavior is that, in fact, such claims do not really tell us very much. 912 },
	Author = {Finnemore, Martha and Sikkink, Kathryn},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Finnemore, Sikkink - 1998 - International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {887--917},
	Title = {{International Norm Dynamics and Political Change}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Chapman2009a,
	Author = {Chapman, Terrence L.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309990154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chapman - 2009 - Audience Beliefs and International Organization Legitimacy(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs and Domestic Politics,IR and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs and Domestic Politics,IR and Domestic Politics},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {733--764},
	Title = {{Audience Beliefs and International Organization Legitimacy}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990154},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309990154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309990154}}

@incollection{cunliffe1986,
	Address = {Amsterdam},
	Author = {Cunliffe, Marcus},
	Booktitle = {Anti-Americanism in Europe},
	Editor = {Kroes, Rob and van Rossem, Maarten},
	Pages = {20--36},
	Publisher = {Free University Press},
	Title = {{The Anatomy of Anti-Americanism}},
	Year = {1986}}

@techreport{IPCC2013,
	Author = {IPCC},
	Institution = {Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change},
	Title = {{Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{kagan2004,
	Author = {Kagan, Robert},
	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {65--87},
	Title = {{America's Crisis of Legitimacy}},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Fausett2010,
	Author = {Fausett, Elizabeth and Volgy, Thomas J.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00578.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fausett, Volgy - 2010 - Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) and Interstate Conflict Parsing Out IGO Effects for Alternative Dimension.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {79--101},
	Title = {{Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) and Interstate Conflict: Parsing Out IGO Effects for Alternative Dimensions of Conflict in Postcommunist Space}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00578.x},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00578.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00578.x}}

@article{jackmanokanejohnsonmcgowanandslater1986,
	Author = {Jackman, Robert W and {Rosemary H. T. O'Kane} and {Thomas H. Johnson} and {Pat McGowan} and {Robert O. Slater}},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {225--250},
	Title = {{Explaining African Coups d'Etat}},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {1986}}

@book{lavalle1979,
	Address = {Lima},
	Author = {de Lavalle, Jos\'{e} Antonio},
	Publisher = {Instituto de Estudios Historico-Maritimos del Peru},
	Title = {{Mi mission en Chile en 1879}},
	Year = {1979}}

@article{bdm1985,
	Author = {de Mesquita, Bruce},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {121--136},
	Title = {{Toward a Scientific Understanding of International Conflict: A Personal View}},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{britoandintriligator1985,
	Author = {Brito, Dagobert L and Intriligator, Michael D},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {943--957},
	Title = {{Conflict, War, and Redistribution}},
	Volume = {79},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Izazola1998a,
	Author = {Izazola, Haydea and Mart\'{\i}nez, Carolina and Marquette, Catherine},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Izazola, Mart\'{\i}nez, Marquette - 1998 - Environmental perceptions , social class and demographic change in Mexico City a comparative app.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment and Urbanization},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {107--118},
	Title = {{Environmental perceptions , social class and demographic change in Mexico City : a comparative approach}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Gelpi1997,
	Annote = {Dispute settlements alter subsequent crisis bargaining by (1) acting as normative referents that alter the interpretation of subsequent crisis bargaining behavior by identifying a solution to the dispute which alleviates fears of demands for future concessions and by defining a set of acts which both sides consider illegitimate and (2) dispute settlements inflict reputational costs on states that violate them. Punchline is that norms have independent effect on military affairs.},
	Author = {Gelpi, Christopher},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gelpi - 1997 - Crime and Punishment The Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {339--360},
	Title = {{Crime and Punishment: The Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2952360},
	Volume = {91},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2952360}}

@article{hirsh2004,
	Author = {Hirsh, Michael},
	Journal = {Washington Monthly},
	Number = {11},
	Pages = {13--19},
	Title = {{Bernard Lewis Revisited: What if Islam Isn't an Obstacle to Democracy in the Middle East but the Secret to Achieving It?}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Stromberg2007,
	Author = {Str\"{o}mberg, D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/IR Courses/International Cooperation/Term Paper Sources/Stromberg2007NaturalDisastersHumanitarianAid.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {199--222},
	Title = {{Natural Disasters, Economic Development, and Humanitarian Aid}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Deitelhoff2009,
	Author = {Deitelhoff, Nicole},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002081830909002X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Deitelhoff - 2009 - The Discursive Process of Legalization Charting Islands of Persuasion in the ICC Case.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs,Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs,Norms},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {33},
	Title = {{The Discursive Process of Legalization: Charting Islands of Persuasion in the ICC Case}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830909002X},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081830909002X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081830909002X}}

@book{zakaria2003,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Zakaria, Fareed},
	Publisher = {Norton},
	Title = {{The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad}},
	Year = {2003}}

@misc{Tribune2013,
	Booktitle = {The Chicago Tribune},
	Month = jun,
	Title = {{Putin Says Sending Arms to Syria Rebels Will Backfire}},
	Url = {http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-06-18/news/sns-rt-us-g8-syriabre95h0to-20130618\_1\_syrian-rebels-syria-rebels-syrian-government},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-06-18/news/sns-rt-us-g8-syriabre95h0to-20130618%5C_1%5C_syrian-rebels-syria-rebels-syrian-government}}

@book{Drezner2011,
	Address = {Princeton},
	Annote = {"We're Only Human: Psychological Responses to the Undead"
Confirmation bias: would lead people to reject that zombies were real, action would be too late
Fundamental attribution error: motives of enemies versus allies
Prospect theory

      },
	Author = {Drezner, Daniel},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Theories of International Politics and Zombies}},
	Year = {2011}}

@book{lord2006,
	Address = {Westport, CT},
	Author = {Lord, Carnes},
	Publisher = {Praeger},
	Title = {{Losing Hearts and Minds? Public Diplomacy and Strategic Influence in the Age of Terror}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{baker2004,
	Author = {Baker, Bruce},
	Journal = {Third World Quarterly},
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {1487--1499},
	Title = {{Twilight of Impunity for Africa's Presidential Criminals}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Donno2010a,
	Author = {Donno, Daniela},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000202},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Donno - 2010 - Who Is Punished Regional Intergovernmental Organizations and the Enforcement of Democratic Norms(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs,IOs and Domestic Politics,Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs,IOs and Domestic Politics,Norms},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {593--625},
	Title = {{Who Is Punished? Regional Intergovernmental Organizations and the Enforcement of Democratic Norms}},
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	Volume = {64},
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@article{durham-99,
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@article{james2005,
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	Year = {2005}}

@article{midlarskiandtanter1967,
	Author = {Midlarsky, Manus and Tanter, Raymond},
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@article{slantchev2011,
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	Journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
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	Year = {2011}}

@techreport{TheWorldBank2006a,
	Address = {Washington, DC.},
	Author = {{The World Bank}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The World Bank - 2006 - The Road to 2050 Sustainable Development for the 21st Century.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{The Road to 2050: Sustainable Development for the 21st Century}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Trager2010,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Trager - 2010 - Diplomatic Calculus in Anarchy How Communication Matters.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict},
	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {347--368},
	Title = {{Diplomatic Calculus in Anarchy: How Communication Matters}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055410000158},
	Volume = {104},
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@book{besleyandpersson2011,
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	Title = {{Pillars of Prosperity: The Political Economics of Development Clusters}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Benjaminsen2012,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Benjaminsen et al. - 2012 - Does climate change drive land-use conflicts in the Sahel.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {97--111},
	Title = {{Does climate change drive land-use conflicts in the Sahel?}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343311427343},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343311427343},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311427343}}

@article{friedman2003,
	Author = {Friedman, Thomas L},
	Journal = {New York Times},
	Pages = {D13},
	Title = {{A Theory Of Everything}},
	Volume = {1 June 200},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{satloff2004,
	Address = {Washington, D.C.},
	Author = {Satloff, Robert B},
	Publisher = {Washington Institute for Near East Policy},
	Title = {{The Battle of Ideas in the War on Terror: Essays on U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Middle East}},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{putnam2000,
	Address = {New York, NY},
	Author = {Putnam, Robert D},
	Publisher = {Simon and Schuster},
	Title = {{Bowling Alone}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Chiozza2004,
	Author = {Chiozza, Giacomo and Goemans, H. E.},
	Doi = {10.2307/1519919},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chiozza, Goemans - 2004 - International Conflict and the Tenure of Leaders Is War Still `Ex Post' Inefficient.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {604},
	Title = {{International Conflict and the Tenure of Leaders: Is War Still `Ex Post' Inefficient?}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1519919}}

@article{Rubenzer2011,
	Author = {Rubenzer, Trevor},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00483.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rubenzer - 2011 - Campaign Contributions and U.S. Foreign Policy Outcomes An Analysis of Cuban American Interests.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {105--116},
	Title = {{Campaign Contributions and U.S. Foreign Policy Outcomes: An Analysis of Cuban American Interests}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00483.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00483.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00483.x}}

@article{bearak2007,
	Author = {Bearak, Barry},
	Journal = {The New York Times},
	Pages = {\~{}available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/}},
	Title = {{Mohammad Zahir Shah, Last Afghan King, Dies at 92}},
	Volume = {24 July 20},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{sekhon2009,
	Author = {Sekhon, Jasjeet S},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Pages = {487--508},
	Title = {{Opiates for the Matches: Matching Methods for Causal Inference}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Huth2011,
	Author = {Huth, Paul K. and Croco, Sarah E. and Appel, Benjamin J.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055411000062},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Huth, Croco, Appel - 2011 - Does International Law Promote the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes Evidence from the Study of.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {International Law,Territory},
	Mendeley-Tags = {International Law,Territory},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {415--436},
	Title = {{Does International Law Promote the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes? Evidence from the Study of Territorial Conflicts since 1945}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055411000062},
	Volume = {105},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055411000062},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000062}}

@article{Svensson2000,
	Author = {Svensson, Jakob},
	Doi = {10.1016/S0304-3878(99)00061-9},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Svensson 2000 When is foreign aid policy credible? Aid dependence and conditionality.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1202522351},
	Issn = {03043878},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
	Keywords = {aid policy,credibility,policy design},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {61--84},
	Title = {{When is foreign aid policy credible? Aid dependence and conditionality}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304387899000619},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304387899000619},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(99)00061-9}}

@article{Stepak2013,
	Author = {Stepak, Amir},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381613000297},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stepak - 2013 - In Uncertain Times American Foreign Policy after the Berlin Wall and 911. Edited by Leffler Melvyn P. and Legro Jeffrey.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {e18},
	Title = {{In Uncertain Times: American Foreign Policy after the Berlin Wall and 9/11. Edited by Leffler Melvyn P. and Legro Jeffrey W.. (Cornell University Press, 2011.)}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381613000297},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381613000297},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613000297}}

@article{lynch2003b,
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	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {81--94},
	Title = {{Taking Arabs Seriously}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {2003}}

@incollection{higley2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Higley, John},
	Booktitle = {The Rise of Anti-Americanism},
	Chapter = {9},
	Editor = {O'Connor, Brendon and Griffiths, Martin},
	Pages = {155--168},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{The Bush Elite: Aberration or Harbinger?}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{mallar1977,
	Author = {Mallar, Charles D},
	Journal = {Econometrica},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {5--39},
	Title = {{The Estimation of Simultaneous Probability Models}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{Ting2012,
	Author = {Ting, Michael M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000081},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ting - 2012 - Legislatures, Bureaucracies, and Distributive Spending.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = may,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--19},
	Title = {{Legislatures, Bureaucracies, and Distributive Spending}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055412000081},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055412000081},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000081}}

@article{Russett2013,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Huth, Russett - 1984 - What Makes Deterrence Work Cases from 1900 to 1980.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {496--526},
	Title = {{What Makes Deterrence Work? Cases from 1900 to 1980}},
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	Year = {1984},
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@article{kingandzeng2007,
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	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {183--210},
	Title = {{When Can History Be Our Guide? The Pitfalls of Counterfactual Inference}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@incollection{woo-cumings1999,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Woo-Cumings, Meredith},
	Booktitle = {The Politics of the Asian Financial Crisis},
	Chapter = {6},
	Editor = {Pempel, T J},
	Pages = {116--142},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{The State, Democracy, and the Reform of the Corporate Sector in \{K\}orea}},
	Year = {1999}}

@book{Gehlbach2013,
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	Author = {Gehlbach, Scott},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
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@article{Mattes2009,
	Abstract = {Lasting peace after civil war is difficult to establish. One promising way to ensure durable peace is by carefully designing civil war settlements. We use a single theoretical model to integrate existing work on civil war agreement design and to identify additional agreement provisions that should be particularly successful at bringing about enduring peace. We make use of the bargaining model of war which points to commitment problems as a central explanation for civil war. We argue that two types of provisions should mitigate commitment problems: fear-reducing and cost-increasing provisions. Fear-reducing provisions such as third-party guarantees and power-sharing alleviate the belligerents concerns about opportunism by the other side. Provisions such as the separation of forces make the resumption of hostilities undesirable by increasing the costs of further fighting. Using newly expanded data on civil war agree- ments between 1945 and 2005, we demonstrate that cost-increasing pro- visions indeed reduce the chance of civil war recurrence. We also identify political power-sharing as the most promising fear-reducing provision.},
	Author = {Mattes, Michaela and Savun, Burcu},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00554.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mattes, Savun - 2009 - Fostering Peace After Civil War Commitment Problems and Agreement Design.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Pages = {737--759},
	Title = {{Fostering Peace After Civil War: Commitment Problems and Agreement Design}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00554.x}}

@article{Layne2009,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Layne - 2009 - The Waning of U.S. Hegemony -- Myth or Reality.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {147--172},
	Title = {{The Waning of U.S. Hegemony -- Myth or Reality?}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Levendusky2012,
	Author = {Levendusky, Matthew S. and Horowitz, Michael C.},
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	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {323--338},
	Title = {{When Backing Down Is the Right Decision: Partisanship, New Information, and Audience Costs}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002238161100154X},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002238161100154X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002238161100154X}}

@incollection{levy1989,
	Address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	Author = {Levy, Jack S},
	Booktitle = {Handbook of War Studies},
	Editor = {Midlarsky, Manus I},
	Pages = {188--259},
	Publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	Title = {{The Diversionary Theory of War: A Critique}},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{naghmi1982,
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	Pages = {507--523},
	Title = {{Pakistan's Public Attitude toward the United States}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {1982}}

@article{Gheciu2005,
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	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {973--1012},
	Title = {{Security Institutions as Agents of Socialization? NATO and the `New Europe'}},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{Mercer2013,
	Author = {Mercer, Jonathan},
	Booktitle = {International Organization},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818313000015},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mercer - 2013 - Emotion and Strategy in the Korean War.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818313000},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict,Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict,Norms},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {221--252},
	Title = {{Emotion and Strategy in the Korean War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818313000015},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818313000015},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000015}}

@book{hox2002,
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	Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
	Title = {{Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications}},
	Year = {2002}}

@book{Marshall2010,
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	Author = {Marshall, Monty G. and Jaggers, Keith and Gurr, Ted Robert},
	Publisher = {University of Maryland},
	Title = {{Polity IV Project: Dataset Users' Manual}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Fearon1994a,
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	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {236--269},
	Title = {{Signaling versus the Balance of Power and Interests: An Empirical Test of a Crisis Bargaining Model}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/38/2/236.short},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/38/2/236.short}}

@book{parker1996,
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	Author = {Parker, Glenn R},
	Publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	Title = {{Congress and the Rent-Seeking Society}},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{bollenguilkeyandmroz1995,
	Author = {Bollen, Kenneth A and Guilkey, David K and Mroz, Thomas A},
	Journal = {Demography},
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	Title = {{Binary Outcomes and Endogenous Explanatory Variables: Tests and Solutions with an Application to the Demand for Contraceptive Use in Tunisia}},
	Volume = {32},
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@article{Mayda2005,
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	Doi = {10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.01.002},
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	Issn = {00142921},
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	Keywords = {policy preferences,political economy,trade},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1393--1430},
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@article{Fang2010,
	Author = {Fang, Songying},
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	Issn = {15540634},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {107--131},
	Title = {{The Strategic Use of International Institutions in Dispute Settlement}},
	Url = {http://www.qjps.com/prod.aspx?product=QJPS\&doi=100.00009020},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.qjps.com/prod.aspx?product=QJPS%5C&doi=100.00009020},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/100.00009020}}

@article{Legro1999,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Legro, Moravcsik - 1999 - Is Anybody Still a Realist.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {5--55},
	Title = {{Is Anybody Still a Realist ?}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {1999}}

@book{thornton1998,
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	Title = {{The Falklands Sting: Reagan, Thatcher, and Argentina's Bomb}},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Walt1999,
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	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {5--48},
	Title = {{Rigor or Rigor Mortis? Rational Choice and Security Studies}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{windmeijer1995,
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	Author = {Grieco, Joseph M. and Gelpi, Christopher and Reifler, Jason and Feaver, Peter D.},
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	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {563--583},
	Title = {{Let's Get a Second Opinion: International Institutions and American Public Support for War}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00660.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00660.x}}

@article{Imai2011,
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	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Methods},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Methods},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {765--789},
	Title = {{Unpacking the Black Box of Causality: Learning about Causal Mechanisms from Experimental and Observational Studies}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055411000414},
	Volume = {105},
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@book{cardosokirschbaumandvanderkooy1987,
	Address = {Surrey, U.K.},
	Annote = {Translated by Bernard Ethell},
	Author = {Cardoso, Oscar Raul and Kirschbaum, Ricardo and van der Kooy, Eduardo},
	Publisher = {Preston Editions},
	Title = {{Falklands, The Secret Plot}},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{brunell2005,
	Author = {Brunell, Thomas},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {681--688},
	Title = {{The Relationship between Political Parties and Interest Groups: Explaining Patterns of PAC Contributions to Candidates for Congress}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{subercaseaux1936,
	Address = {Santiago},
	Author = {Subercaseaux, Ram$\backslash$'on},
	Publisher = {Nascimento},
	Title = {{Memorias de Ochenta A\~{n}os}},
	Volume = {2 Volumes},
	Year = {1936}}

@article{jervis2009,
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {188--213},
	Title = {{Unipolarity: A Structural Perspective}},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{dixon1994,
	Author = {Dixon, William J},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {14--32},
	Title = {{Democracy and the Peaceful Settlement of International Conflict}},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{Putnam1988,
	Annote = {Putnam, Robert D. 1988. "Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games." International Organization 42 (3): 427-460.

        
- Obvious answer to question of int'l politics influence domestic politics or vice versa: both, sometimes.
- Bonn Summit 1978. --> Putnam is concerned with how this deal became possible politically. 
	Research demonstrates first, that the key gov'ts at Bonn adopted policies different from those that they would have pursued in the absence of int'l negotiations, but second, that agreement was possible only because a powerful minority within each government actually favored on domestic grounds the policy being demanded int'lly. 
- the Bonn accord represented genuine int'l policy coordination. Domestic factions that supported the agreement would not have been powerful w/ out int'l pressure, but at the same time, w/ out domestic pressure, int'l force would not have sufficed to produce the accord. 
- we should aim for "general equilibrium" theories that account simultaneously for the interaction of domestic and int'l factors. 
- the state-centric literature is an uncertain foundation for theorizing about how domestic and int'l politics interact. 
- we need to move beyond mere observation that domestic factors influence int'l affairs and vice versa... to seek theories that integrate both spheres, accounting for areas of entanglement between them.

        
Two-level games: a metaphor for domestic-international interactions
- state reps spend as much time negotiating w/ domestic actors as int'l.
- 2 level game: at the national level, domestic groups pursue interests by pressuring gov't to adopt favorable policies (and politicians seek power by constructing coalitions). at the int'l level, nat'l gov'ts seek to max their own ability to satisfy domestic pressures, while minimizing the adverse consequence of foreign developments. 
- actions that are rational on one game "board" may be irrational on another. 
- political complexities are staggering, must balance b/w two boards. 

        
Towards a theory of ratification: the importance of "win-sets"
2 stages:
1. bargaining b/w the negotiators, leading to a tentative agreement (Level I)
2. separate discussion within each group of constituents about whether to ratify the agreement (Level II).
	-Note: would both levels be subsumed under Fearon's bargaining stage?
- ratification doesn't have to be democratic
- a "win-set" for a given Level II constituency is the set of all possible Level I agreements that would "win" -- that is, gain the necessary majority among constituents -- when simply voted up or down. 
1. Larger win-sets make Level I agreement more likely, ceteris paribus.
	- agreements are only possible if win-sets of Levels 1 and 2 overlap.
	- the smaller the win-set, the greater the likelihood of negotiations breaking down. --> Falklands/Malvinas example. 
---Digression: game theorists should distinguish b/w voluntary and involuntary defection; involuntary would be an agent who can't cooperate because of failure to ratify------
- it can be difficult to identify voluntary/involuntary defection, partially because negotiators may have an incentive to misrepresent a voluntary defection as involuntary. smaller the win-set, greater chance of involuntary defection. 
2. The relative size of the respective Level II win-sets will affect the distribution of the joint gains from the international bargain.
- a small win-set can be a bargaining advantage, and vice versa. 

        
Determinants of the win-set
Three sets of factors matter
1. Level II preferences and coalitions
Ceteris paribus, more self-sufficient states with smaller win-sets should make fewer int'l agreements and drive harder bargains in those that they do not make. 
The effect of domestic division, embodied in hard-line opposition from hawks, is to raise the risk of involuntary defection and thus to impede agreement at Level I. 
Whether or not domestic actors participate depends on the issue at hand. 
2. Level II institutions
	majority vs. 2/3rds majority makes big difference.
	the stronger a state is in terms of autonomy from domestic pressures, the weaker its relative bargaining position internationally. 
3. Level I negotiators' strategies
	Each Level I negotiator has an interest in maximizing the other's win-set, but has mixed motives for his own. 
	The role of side payments should be calculated in terms of its marginal contribution to the likelihood of ratification rather than in terms of its overall value to the recipient nation. 

        
Uncertainty and bargaining tactics
- negotiator has an interest in feigning ignorance about the other's ability to ratify in order to extract a more generous offer. must convince partner that own win-set is "kinky" -- likely to be ratified as is but not if anything more is conceded. 

        
Restructuring and reverberation
- much of what happens in negotiation involves players trying to restructure the game. 
- in some cases, int'l pressures "reverberate" within domestic politics, tipping the domestic balance and thus influencing the international negotiations.
	(DQ: Can NGOs and non-state actors contribute to this shift in "win-sets"?)
Two rationales for reverberation among utility-maximizing egoists
1. offending foreigners may be costly in the long run b/c of interconnectedness.
2. cognitive factors/uncertainty/ the role of persuasion. 
	suasive reverberation more likely among countries w/ close relations.

        
The role of the chief negotiator
motives of CN
1. enhancing standing in Level II game.
2. shifting balance in Level II in favor of preferred policies. 
3. to pursue his own conception of the national interest in the int'l context. 
More likely to present an int'l agreement for ratification the less of his own political capital he expects to have to invest to win approval and the greater the likely political returns from a ratified agreement. 

        
Conclusion
Important links b/w diplomacy and domestic politics:
1. voluntary vs. involuntary defection.
2. homogenous vs. heterogenous interests
3. possibility of synergistic issue linkage, in which strategic moves at one game-table facilitate unexpected coalitions at the second table.
4. paradox of institutional arrangements that strengthen position at home weaken position int'lly.
5. focusing on threats/side payments/offers as they relate to ratification.
6. strategic use of uncertainty about domestic politics.
7. potential reverberation of int'l pressures in domestic politics
8. divergence of interest b/w leader and those on whose behalf he is negotiating.

      },
	Author = {Putnam, Robert D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Putnam - 1988 - Diplomacy and domestic politics the logic of two-level games.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {62--94},
	Title = {{Diplomacy and domestic politics: the logic of two-level games}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{W.Abbott2000b,
	Author = {{W. Abbott}, Kenneth and Keohane, Robert O. and Moravcsik, Andrew and Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Snidal, Duncan},
	Doi = {10.1162/002081800551271},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/W. Abbott et al. - 2000 - The Concept of Legalization.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818300},
	Issn = {15315088},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {401--419},
	Title = {{The Concept of Legalization}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830044110X},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081830044110X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081800551271}}

@article{Fariss2010,
	Author = {Fariss, Christopher J.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1743-8594.2010.0104.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/IR Courses/International Cooperation/Term Paper Sources/Fariss2010FPA.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {17438586},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy Analysis},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {107--131},
	Title = {{The Strategic Substitution of United States Foreign Aid}},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-8594.2010.0104.x}}

@article{Blattman2013,
	Author = {Blattman, Christopher and Miguel, Edward},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--57},
	Title = {{Civil War}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2010}}

@techreport{pew2007,
	Annote = {Available at $\backslash$href\{http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/256.pdf\}\{$\backslash$url\{http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/256.pdf\}\}},
	Author = {{Pew Global Attitudes Project}},
	Institution = {The Pew Research Center for the People \& the Press},
	Title = {{Global Unease With Major World Powers: Rising Environmental Concern in 47-Nation Survey}},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{owen2010-simple,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Owen, John M},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{The Clash of Ideas in World Politics: Transnational Networks, States, and Regime Change, 1510--2010}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Miller2010,
	Author = {Miller, Fiona and Osbahr, Henny and Boyd, Emily and Thomalla, Frank and Bharwani, Sukaina and Ziervogel, Gina and Walker, Brian and Leeuw, Sander Van Der and Hinkel, Jochen and Downing, Tom and Folke, Carl and Nelson, Donald},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Miller et al. - 2010 - Resilience and Vulnerability Complementary or Conflicting Concepts.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Ecology And Society},
	Keywords = {climate change,hazards,interdisciplinarity,resilience,social-ecological systems},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {{Resilience and Vulnerability : Complementary or Conflicting Concepts ?}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Morrow2000,
	Author = {Morrow, James D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morrow - 2000 - Why Write Them Down.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {a formal com-,abstract states formalize some,aid of,another state or by,by signaling an intention,commitment,creating commitment by altering,intervention in war,mitment could increase credibility,neorealism,of such,relations into military alliances,security,signaling,the costs and benefits,to come to the},
	Pages = {63--83},
	Title = {{Alliances: Why Write Them Down?}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{pape2003,
	Author = {Pape, Robert A},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {343--361},
	Title = {{The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism}},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2003}}

@incollection{Islam2006,
	Abstract = {Land use in coastal Bangladesh is diverse, competitive and conflicting. Agriculture, shrimp farming, salt production, forestry, ship-breaking yards, ports, industry, settlements and wetlands are some of the uses. Land uses have gone through major changes. Land use in the 1950s had been mainly for paddy cultiva- tion, but salinity intrusion and tidal flooding prevented further intensification. Hence, in the 1960s--1980s, the World Bank and others helped with large-scale polderization in order to boost rice pro- duction. A decade later, drainage congestion inside and heavy siltation outside the polders made the southwestern area unsuitable both for agriculture, and, in extreme cases, even for human habitation. However, as the region has a history of traditional shrimp farming, polders provided an opportunity for intensive shrimp farming. Crop land and mangroves were transformed to shrimp farming. This created social conflict. Planned management of diverse land use, including zoning, has been recommended since. This chapter focuses on the complexities of land use in Bangladesh and the adopted institutional approaches. Introduction},
	Author = {Islam, M Rafiqul},
	Booktitle = {Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones},
	Editor = {Hoanh, C.T. and Tuong, T.P. and Gowing, J.W. and Hardy, B},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Islam - 2006 - Managing Diverse Land Uses in Coastal Bangladesh Institutional Approaches.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {237--248},
	Publisher = {CAB International},
	Title = {{Managing Diverse Land Uses in Coastal Bangladesh : Institutional Approaches}},
	Url = {http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/CABI\_Publications/CA\_CABI\_Series/Coastal\_Zones/protected/Hoanh\_1845931076.pdf},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/CABI%5C_Publications/CA%5C_CABI%5C_Series/Coastal%5C_Zones/protected/Hoanh%5C_1845931076.pdf}}

@article{Hess1995,
	Author = {Hess, Gregory D and Orphanides, Athanasios},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hess, Orphanides - 1995 - War Politics An Economic, Rational-Voter Framework.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {828--846},
	Title = {{War Politics: An Economic, Rational-Voter Framework}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2118234},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2118234}}

@article{Jensen2008,
	Author = {Jensen, Nathan},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381608081048},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jensen - 2008 - Political Risk, Democratic Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {1040},
	Title = {{Political Risk, Democratic Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381608081048},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381608081048},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608081048}}

@article{shin1996,
	Author = {Shin, Gi--Wook},
	Journal = {Asian Survey},
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {787--803},
	Title = {{\{S\}outh \{K\}orean Anti-\{A\}mericanism: A Comparative Perspective}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Rudel2011,
	Author = {Rudel, Thomas K},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rudel - 2011 - The commons and development unanswered sociological questions and common property institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,common property institutions,commons,development,social},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {303--318},
	Title = {{The commons and development : unanswered sociological questions and common property institutions}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011}}

@book{walter2002,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Walter, Barbara F},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{C\{ommitting to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil War\}}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Trager2011a,
	Author = {Trager, Robert F.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818311000178},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Trager - 2011 - Multidimensional Diplomacy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {469--506},
	Title = {{Multidimensional Diplomacy}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000178},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818311000178},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000178}}

@article{Gardner2008,
	Abstract = {This article explores the relationship between social mobility, insecurity, and connectedness to hierarchically ordered foreign places in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Here, particular areas have migratory connections with Britain, a destination which is perceived by those left behind as supplying bountiful economic opportunities and long-lasting security. In contrast, Bangladesh is experienced as insecure and lacking in prospects. Within this context, social connections are vital, for through them links to Britain are produced and maintained; this is especially the case for young men who are hoping to find a British bride. For them, connectedness results from both their social capital (relationships to successful `Londoni' migrants who help arrange their marriages) and their cultural capital (gained by participating in particular forms of work and lifestyles, thus making them more attractive as prospective grooms). Meanwhile for those families settled in Britain, another form of transnational connectedness takes place, in which the political insecurity and social exclusion experienced in Britain are offset by economic and social investments in the desh (homeland). Sitting on the steps of his parents' house in the village of Talukpu},
	Author = {Gardner, Katy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner - 2008 - Keeping Connected Security, Place, and Social Capital in a `Londoni' Village in Sylhet.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Pages = {477--495},
	Title = {{Keeping Connected : Security, Place, and Social Capital in a `Londoni' Village in Sylhet}},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{stiglerandbecker1977,
	Author = {Stigler, George J and Becker, Gary S},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {76--90},
	Title = {{De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum}},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{Gleick1993,
	Author = {Gleick, PH},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleick - 1993 - Water and Conflict Fresh Water Resources and International Security.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {79--112},
	Title = {{Water and Conflict: Fresh Water Resources and International Security}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{McKoy2012,
	Author = {McKoy, MK and Lake, DA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McKoy, Lake - 2012 - Bargaining Theory and Rationalist Explanations for the Iraq War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {172--178},
	Title = {{Bargaining Theory and Rationalist Explanations for the Iraq War}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC\_c\_00069},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC%5C_c%5C_00069}}

@article{Benmelech2012,
	Author = {Benmelech, Efraim and Berrebi, Claude and Klor, Esteban F.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611001101},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Benmelech, Berrebi, Klor - 2012 - Economic Conditions and the Quality of Suicide Terrorism.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {113--128},
	Title = {{Economic Conditions and the Quality of Suicide Terrorism}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381611001101},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611001101},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611001101}}

@article{Suganami2002,
	Author = {Suganami, H.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0047117802016003001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Suganami - 2002 - Explaining War Some Critical Observations.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0047-1178},
	Journal = {International Relations},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {307--326},
	Title = {{Explaining War: Some Critical Observations}},
	Url = {http://ire.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0047117802016003001},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ire.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0047117802016003001},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117802016003001}}

@article{lee2011,
	Author = {Lee, Alexander},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {203--245},
	Shorttitle = {Who Becomes a Terrorist?},
	Title = {{Who Becomes a Terrorist? Poverty, Education, and the Origins of Political Violence}},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Svensson2000a,
	Author = {Svensson, Jakob},
	Doi = {10.1016/S0022-1996(99)00014-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Svvenson 2000 Foreign aid and rent seeking.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1202522351},
	Issn = {00221996},
	Journal = {Journal of International Economics},
	Keywords = {corruption,d72,f35,foreign aid,jel classification,rent-seeking},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {437--461},
	Title = {{Foreign aid and rent-seeking}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022199699000148},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022199699000148},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(99)00014-8}}

@article{jonesandolken2005,
	Author = {Jones, Benjamin F and Olken, Benjamin A},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {835--864},
	Title = {{Do Leaders Matter? National Leadership and Growth since World War II}},
	Volume = {120},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{bacevich2002,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Bacevich, Andrew J},
	Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	Title = {{American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Chambers1994,
	Author = {Chambers, Robert},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chambers - 1994 - Participatory Rural Appraisal ( PRA ) Analysis of Experience.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {1253--1268},
	Title = {{Participatory Rural Appraisal ( PRA ): Analysis of Experience}},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{Keohane2001,
	Author = {Keohane, RO and Nye, JS and Jr},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Keohane, Nye, Jr - 2001 - Power and interdependence.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {ID},
	Title = {{Power and interdependence}},
	Url = {http://www.lavoisier.fr/livre/notice.asp?ouvrage=1246509},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.lavoisier.fr/livre/notice.asp?ouvrage=1246509}}

@article{achen1975,
	Author = {Achen, Christopher H},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1218--1231},
	Title = {{Mass Political Attitudes and the Survey Response}},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {1975}}

@article{Lee1966,
	Author = {Lee, Everett S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee - 1966 - A Theory of Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Demography},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {47--57},
	Title = {{A Theory of Migration}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1966}}

@book{Most1989,
	Abstract = {Through the use of logic, simulation, and empirical data, Most and Starr develop and demonstrate a new and more appropriate conceptualization of explanation in international relations and foreign policy. They demonstrate that a concern with the logical underpinnings of research raises a series of theoretical, conceptual and epistemological issues that must be addressed if theory and research are to meet the challenges of cumulation in the study of international relations. The authors argue for understanding the critical, yet subtle, interplay of the elements within a research triad composed of theory, logic and method.},
	Address = {Columbia},
	Author = {Most, Benjamin A and Starr, Harvey},
	Booktitle = {Studies in international relations},
	Isbn = {0872496309 (pbk.)$\backslash$n0872496139},
	Keywords = {International relations Research.},
	Pages = {.},
	Pmid = {1494329},
	Publisher = {University of South Carolina},
	Title = {{Inquiry, Logic, and International Politics}},
	Year = {1989}}

@book{johnsonandtierney2006,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Author = {Johnson, Dominic D P and Tierney, Dominic},
	Publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	Title = {{Failing to Win: Perceptions of Victory and Defeat in International Politics}},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{Barkin2006,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Barkin, J. Samuel},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barkin - 2006 - International Organization Theories and Institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1403972486},
	Publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	Title = {{International Organization: Theories and Institutions}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{sellkebayarriandberger2001,
	Author = {Sellke, Thomas and Bayarri, M J and Berger, James O},
	Journal = {The American Statistician},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {62--71},
	Title = {{Calibration of p Values for Testing Precise Null Hypotheses}},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{petersen1991,
	Author = {Petersen, Trond},
	Journal = {Sociological Methods and Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {270--323},
	Title = {{The Statistical Analysis of Event Histories}},
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- what are the primary causal mechanisms through which IGOs are able to influence nation-state behavior in what can still be termed an ``anarchic'' international system? 
- uses large-N quantitative methodology to test the constructivist socialization hypothesis. 
- DV- state interests 
- Key IVs -- institutions, IGOs. IGOs are expected to act as both ``sites of socialization'' and ``promoters of socialization'' (708). 
Hypothesis: IGOs make member-state interests more similar over time (that is, promote interest convergence). 708. },
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- a finite world can support only a finite population; therefore, population growth must eventually equal zero 
- impossible to meet goal of ``greatest good for greatest number'' 
            - it is not mathematically possible to maximize for two (or more) variables at the same time. (isn't it?) 
- tragedy of commons must be prevented by coercive laws or taxing devices. 1245 
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	Journal = {The National Interest},
	Number = {January/February},
	Pages = {16--34},
	Title = {{Imperial by Design}},
	Volume = {Issue 111},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{tajfel1982,
	Author = {Tajfel, Henry},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
	Pages = {1--39},
	Title = {{Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {1982}}

@book{craginandgerwehr2005,
	Address = {Santa Monica, CA},
	Author = {Cragin, Kim and Gerwehr, Scott},
	Publisher = {RAND},
	Shorttitle = {Dissuading Terror},
	Title = {{Dissuading Terror: Strategic Influence and the Struggle against Terrorism}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Cohen2008a,
	Author = {Cohen, C and Werker, E D},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002708322157},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cohen, Werker - 2008 - The Political Economy of Natural'' Disasters.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {795--819},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of "Natural'' Disasters}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002708322157},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002708322157},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002708322157}}

@article{morrow1994alliances,
	Author = {Morrow, James D.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/Arms and Alliances/Morrow 1994 Alliances, Credibility, and Peacetime Costs.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {270--297},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {{Alliances, Credibility, and Peacetime Costs}},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{Craft1999,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Craft, Cassady},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Weapons for Peace, Weapons for War: the Effect of Arms Transfers on War Outbreak, Involvement, and Outcomes}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Chapman2007,
	Author = {Chapman, Thomas and Roeder, PG},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chapman, Roeder - 2007 - Partition as a Solution to Wars of Nationalism The Importance of Institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {677--691},
	Title = {{Partition as a Solution to Wars of Nationalism: The Importance of Institutions}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055407070438},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055407070438}}

@article{doyle1983b,
	Annote = {Part II},
	Author = {Doyle, Michael W},
	Journal = {Philosophy and Public Affairs},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {205--235},
	Title = {{Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{Levy1988,
	Author = {Levy, Jack S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levy - 1988 - Analytic problems in the identification of wars.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {137--159},
	Title = {{Analytic problems in the identification of wars}},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{mueller1971,
	Author = {Mueller, John},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {358--375},
	Title = {{Trends in Popular Support for the Wars in \{K\}orea and Vietnam}},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {1971}}

@article{chiozzaandchoi2012,
	Author = {Chiozza, Giacomo and Choi, Ajin},
	Journal = {Pacific Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {269--292},
	Title = {{Going the American Way: The Surprising Case of Korean $\backslash$emph\{Pro\}-Americanism}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Rogowski1987a,
	Author = {Rogowski, R},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rogowski - 1987 - Trade and the Variety of Democratic Institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International organization},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {203--223},
	Title = {{Trade and the Variety of Democratic Institutions}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2706660},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1987},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2706660}}

@book{hobbes1996,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Hobbes, Thomas},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Leviathan}}}

@article{Chapman2009,
	Author = {Chapman, Terrence L.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309990154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chapman - 2009 - Audience Beliefs and International Organization Legitimacy.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {733},
	Title = {{Audience Beliefs and International Organization Legitimacy}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990154},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309990154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309990154}}

@incollection{Levy,
	Address = {Ithaca},
	Annote = {Key proponents of power transition theory: Organski 1958; Gilpin 1981; Organski and Kugler 1980. A key proposition of PTT is that war is most likely when a dissatisfied challenger increases in strength and begins to overtake the dominant power (13). PTT says that parity, overtaking, and dissatisfaction lead to war during power transitions. The first two are clearly present in China, they argue. PTT does not explain why the declining power would not initiate a war before it is too weak. 

        
"To summarize, although power transition theory claims to provide a theory of great power war at the top of the international hierarchy, a look at its application to historical cases reveals that in important respects the theory misspecifies the causal mechanism leading to war. It underestimates the hisotrical importance of preventive war strategies and the extent to which major wars between the great powers are driven by regional issues rather than by the struggle for primacy in the global system; its interpretations of the two world wars of the twentieth century are quite misleading; and it underestimates the deterrent effects of nuclear weapons in post-1945 power transitions" (30). 

        
Unlikely that China will pose a threat to the United States' global interests, only those in Asia. },
	Author = {Levy, Jack S.},
	Booktitle = {China's Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics},
	Pages = {11--33},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Power Transition Theory and the Rise of China}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Gartzke2013a,
	Author = {Gartzke, Erik and Weisiger, Alex},
	Doi = {10.1111/isqu.12046},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gartzke, Weisiger - 2013 - Permanent Friends Dynamic Difference and the Democratic Peace(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {171--185},
	Title = {{Permanent Friends? Dynamic Difference and the Democratic Peace}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/isqu.12046},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/isqu.12046},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12046}}

@article{holland1986,
	Author = {Holland, Paul},
	Journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	Number = {396},
	Pages = {945--960},
	Title = {{Statistics and Causal Inference}},
	Volume = {81},
	Year = {1986}}

@article{Blaydes2012,
	Author = {Blaydes, Lisa and Linzer, Drew a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000135},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Blaydes, Linzer - 2012 - Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Month = may,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--19},
	Title = {{Elite Competition, Religiosity, and Anti-Americanism in the Islamic World}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055412000135},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055412000135},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000135}}

@article{Fang2012a,
	Author = {Fang, Songying and Stone, Randall W.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000276},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fang, Stone - 2012 - International Organizations as Policy Advisors(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs and Domestic Politics},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {537--569},
	Title = {{International Organizations as Policy Advisors}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000276},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000276},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000276}}

@article{glaeser2005,
	Author = {Glaeser, Edward L},
	Journal = {Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {45--86},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of Hatred}},
	Volume = {120},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{marure1895,
	Address = {Guatemala},
	Author = {Marure, Alejandro},
	Title = {{Efem\'{e}rides de los hechos notables acaecidos en la rep\'{u}blica de Centro Am\'{e}rica}},
	Year = {1895}}

@book{norrisandinglehart2004,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Norris, Pippa and Inglehart, Ronald},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide}},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{mcgillivrayandsmith2008,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {McGillivray, Fiona and Smith, Alastair},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Punishing the Prince: A Theory of Interstate Relations, Political Institutions and Leader Change}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Hyde2011,
	Author = {Hyde, Susan D.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00508.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hyde - 2011 - Catch Us If You Can Election Monitoring and International Norm Diffusion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {356--369},
	Title = {{Catch Us If You Can: Election Monitoring and International Norm Diffusion}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00508.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00508.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00508.x}}

@article{Nepal2011,
	Author = {Nepal, Mani and Bohara, Alok K. and Gawande, Kishore},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00529.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nepal, Bohara, Gawande - 2011 - More Inequality, More Killings The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {886--906},
	Title = {{More Inequality, More Killings: The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00529.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00529.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00529.x}}

@article{slantchev2012,
	Author = {Slantchev, Branislav L},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {376--382},
	Title = {{Audience Cost Theory and Its Audiences}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{dixon1993,
	Author = {Dixon, William J},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {42--68},
	Title = {{Democracy and the Management of International Conflict}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Mousseau2013a,
	Author = {Mousseau, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1111/isqu.12003},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mousseau - 2013 - The Democratic Peace Unraveled It's the Economy 1.bin:bin},
	Issn = {00208833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {186--197},
	Title = {{The Democratic Peace Unraveled: It's the Economy 1}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/isqu.12003},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/isqu.12003},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12003}}

@article{Gardner2003,
	Author = {Gardner, Katy and Osella, Filippo},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner, Osella - 2003 - Gardner and Osella 2003 Migration modernity and social transformation in South Asia.pdf.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},
	Number = {1/2},
	Pages = {5--28},
	Title = {{Gardner and Osella 2003 Migration modernity and social transformation in South Asia.pdf}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Lobell2004,
	Author = {Lobell, Steven E.},
	Doi = {10.1080/07388940490882541},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lobell - 2004 - Politics and National Security The Battles for Britain.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0738894049088},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {269--286},
	Title = {{Politics and National Security: The Battles for Britain}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388940490882541}}

@article{Fawcett1989,
	Author = {Fawcett, James T},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fawcett - 1989 - Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {671--680},
	Title = {{Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Krehbiel1988,
	Author = {Krehbiel, Keith},
	Doi = {10.2307/439787},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Krehbiel - 1988 - Spatial Models of Legislative Choice.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {03629805},
	Journal = {Legislative Studies Quarterly},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {259},
	Title = {{Spatial Models of Legislative Choice}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.2307/439787},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.2307/439787},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/439787}}

@article{Katz2010,
	Author = {Katz, Jonathan N. and Katz, Gabriel},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00462.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Katz, Katz - 2010 - Correcting for Survey Misreports Using Auxiliary Information with an Application to Estimating Turnout.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {815--835},
	Title = {{Correcting for Survey Misreports Using Auxiliary Information with an Application to Estimating Turnout}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00462.x},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00462.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00462.x}}

@article{Janssen2011,
	Author = {Janssen, M},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Janssen - 2011 - Resilience and adaptation in the governance of social-ecological systems.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {340--345},
	Title = {{Resilience and adaptation in the governance of social-ecological systems}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/320/226},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/320/226}}

@article{datta2009,
	Author = {Datta, Monti Narayan},
	Journal = {International Studies Perspectives},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {265--284},
	Shorttitle = {The Decline of America's Soft Power},
	Title = {{The Decline of America's Soft Power in the United Nations}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{reiterandstam1998,
	Author = {Reiter, Dan and Stam, Allan C},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {377--390},
	Title = {{Democracy, War Initiation, and Victory}},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Morrison2012,
	Author = {Morrison, James Ashley},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000148},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morrison - 2012 - Before Hegemony Adam Smith, American Independence, and the Origins of the First Era of Globalization.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,IPE},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {395--428},
	Title = {{Before Hegemony: Adam Smith, American Independence, and the Origins of the First Era of Globalization}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000148},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000148},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000148}}

@misc{Barnett2009,
	Author = {Barnett, Jon and Webber, Michael},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett, Webber - 2009 - Accommodating Migration to Promote Adaptation to Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Commission on Climate Change and Development},
	Number = {March},
	Title = {{Accommodating Migration to Promote Adaptation to Climate Change}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{hurman2004,
	Author = {Hurman, Todd},
	Journal = {The Globe and Mail},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanism Spreading, Poll Says; Support for \{W\}ashington Hits New Lows}},
	Volume = {17 March 2},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{mueller1973,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Mueller, John E},
	Publisher = {Wiley},
	Title = {{War, Presidents, and Public Opinion}},
	Year = {1973}}

@article{Derouen2009,
	Abstract = {The focus of this article is civil war peace agreement duration from 1989 to 2005. Recent work by Hartzell and Hoddie (2003, 2007) has argued that power-sharing provisions have a cumulative impact. In other words, the more power-sharing provisions there are built into an agreement, the greater the prospects for peace. Our basic theoretical premise is that power-sharing provisions that are costlier to government and more difficult to implement will decrease the life span of the peace agreement because of government motivations to renegotiate and rebel incentive to strike preemptively before the government does or out of frustration because of delays in implementing costly provisions. In other words, governments will abandon the agreement because it concedes too much or rebels will abandon the agreement because of delays in implementation and/or to move preemptively. We look at three forms of power-sharing provisions: military (integration of rebels into army), territorial (autonomy), and political (shared government). Civil war peace agreements can expire after being replaced by a new agreement or if at least one party abandons the agreement. Hazard models are specified controlling for democracy score at time of signing, intensity of war, GDP per capita, and type of agreement.The results indicate that the less costly concessions by government of military integration and autonomy increase the duration of peace agreements, while political power-sharing provisions have a negative though insignificant impact on duration.},
	Author = {Derouen, K and Lea, J and Wallensteen, P},
	Doi = {10.1177/0738894209106481},
	Isbn = {0738894215499219},
	Issn = {07388942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Pages = {367--387},
	Title = {{The Duration of Civil War Peace Agreements}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894209106481}}

@article{Taylor2013,
	Author = {Taylor, Kurt and Gaubatz, Kurt Taylor and Brody, Richard},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Taylor, Gaubatz, Brody - 2013 - No Title.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {212--244},
	Title = {{No Title}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Keele2012,
	Author = {Keele, Luke and McConnaughy, Corrine and White, Ismail},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00576.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Keele, McConnaughy, White - 2012 - Strengthening the Experimenter's Toolbox Statistical Estimation of Internal Validity.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {484--499},
	Title = {{Strengthening the Experimenter's Toolbox: Statistical Estimation of Internal Validity}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00576.x},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00576.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00576.x}}

@article{Rose2013,
	Author = {Rose, AK},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rose - 2007 - Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade Reply.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {2019--2025},
	Title = {{Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Reply}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/30034598},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/30034598}}

@article{escriba-folchandwright2010,
	Author = {Escrib\`{a}-Folch, Abel and Wright, Joseph},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {335--359},
	Title = {{Dealing with Tyranny: International Sanctions and the Survival of Authoritarian Rulers}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{tesslerandrobbins2007,
	Author = {Tessler, Mark and Robbins, Michael D H},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {305--328},
	Title = {{What Leads Some Ordinary Arab Men and Women to Approve of Terrorist Acts Against the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Wright2010,
	Author = {Wright, Joseph and Winters, Matthew},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.032708.143524},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Wright and Winters 2010 The Politics of Effective Foreign Aid.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1094-2939},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {exogeneity,growth,political institutions},
	Month = may,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {61--80},
	Title = {{The Politics of Effective Foreign Aid}},
	Url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.032708.143524},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.polisci.032708.143524},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.032708.143524}}

@article{DeMesquita2009,
	Author = {{Bueno de Mesquita}, Bruce and Smith, Alastair},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090109},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/de Mesquita, Smith - 2009 - A Political Economy of Aid.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,Foreign Aid,IPE,IR and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,Foreign Aid,IPE,IR and Domestic Politics},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {309},
	Title = {{A Political Economy of Aid}},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090109}}

@book{yashar1997,
	Address = {Palo ALto, CA},
	Author = {Yashar, Deborah J},
	Publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	Title = {{Demanding Democracy; Reform and Reaction in Costa Rica and Guatemala 1870s--1950s}},
	Year = {1997}}

@book{blossfelandrohwer2002,
	Address = {Mahwah, NJ},
	Author = {Blossfeld, Hans-Peter and Rohwer, G\"{o}tz},
	Edition = {Second},
	Publisher = {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates},
	Title = {{Techniques of Event History Modeling: New Approaches to Causal Analysis}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Hewitt2005,
	Author = {Hewitt, J. J.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343305050690},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hewitt - 2005 - A Crisis-Density Formulation for Identifying Rivalries.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {183--200},
	Title = {{A Crisis-Density Formulation for Identifying Rivalries}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343305050690},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343305050690},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343305050690}}

@article{Wiegand2010,
	Author = {Wiegand, Krista E. and Powell, Emilia Justynia},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002710377168},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiegand, Powell - 2010 - Past Experience, Quest for the Best Forum, and Peaceful Attempts to Resolve Territorial Disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {33--59},
	Title = {{Past Experience, Quest for the Best Forum, and Peaceful Attempts to Resolve Territorial Disputes}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002710377168},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002710377168},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002710377168}}

@incollection{bowen2007,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Bowen, John R},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {227--250},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanism as Schemas and Diacritics in France and Indonesia}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Levy1995a,
	Abstract = {Summary: attacks the "existentialist" view of Mathews's and Myers's linkage of environment and security. Key arguments against this linkage is that it is either a form of double counting or a rhetorical flourish that will fail in boosting public support for environmentalism. 1) The existential linkage points to global change and how it harms the people and resources of a nation to the point where it is one with security issues. Thinking of environmental problems as individual problems is incorrect, better to see them as part of a system. 2) Double counting - these problems are problems in their own right and inclusion of them as a security issues merely invites considering security as something else than protecting vital national interests - in essence, existentialist accounts define security far too loosely. 3) Undermining: a) security is too blunt an instrument to solve environmental problems - there is no readily definable enemy at work (ala. Deudney). 4) Real, direct threats are limited to the ozone hold and climate change. Indirect threats include desertification, ocean pollution, population growth, erosion, and biodiversity loss. None of these threats is effectively dealt with on a military basis, but more on a mundane, day to day basis. Equating these problems with security does not accelerate the process of solving them (e.g.,. Kyoto or Montreal work without reference to security). Homer-Dixon's work failed to provide definitive evidence of the degradation - migration - conflict chain.},
	Author = {Levy, M A},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Keywords = {complexity geog 399 gec social response environmen},
	Pages = {35--62},
	Title = {{Is the environment a security issue?}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Triska1966a,
	Author = {Triska, J F},
	Doi = {10.1126/science.151.3712.868},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Triska - 1966 - American political science association (k2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0036-8075},
	Journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3712},
	Pages = {868--9},
	Pmid = {17746760},
	Title = {{American political science association (k2).}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746760},
	Volume = {151},
	Year = {1966},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746760},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.151.3712.868}}

@unpublished{28threport1977,
	Annote = {Washington, DC},
	Author = {{United States Advisory Commission on Information}},
	Title = {{The 28th Report}},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{Filson2002,
	Author = {Filson, D and Werner, S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Filson, Werner - 2002 - A Bargaining Model of War and Peace Anticipating the Onset, Duration, and Outcome of War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {819--837},
	Title = {{A Bargaining Model of War and Peace: Anticipating the Onset, Duration, and Outcome of War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3088436},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3088436}}

@book{raslerandgangulyandthompson2013,
	Address = {Philadelphia},
	Author = {Rasler, Karen and Thompson, William and Ganguly, Sumit},
	Publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
	Title = {{How Rivalries End}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Krause2004,
	Author = {Krause, Volker},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050620490884038},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Krause - 2004 - Hazardous Weapons Effects of Arms Transfers and Defense Pacts on Militarized Disputes, 1950-1995.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {349--371},
	Title = {{Hazardous Weapons? Effects of Arms Transfers and Defense Pacts on Militarized Disputes, 1950-1995}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050620490884038}}

@article{Press2013,
	Author = {Press, Daryl G. and Sagan, Scott D. and Valentino, Benjamin a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055412000597},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Press, Sagan, Valentino - 2013 - Atomic Aversion Experimental Evidence on Taboos, Traditions, and the Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Norms,Nuclear Weapons},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Norms,Nuclear Weapons},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {188--206},
	Title = {{Atomic Aversion: Experimental Evidence on Taboos, Traditions, and the Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055412000597},
	Volume = {107},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055412000597},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000597}}

@book{thompson2011,
	Author = {Thompson, William and Dreyer, David},
	Publisher = {Washington, DC: CQ Press},
	Title = {{The Handbook of Interstate Rivalries, 1494-2010}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Maggi1998,
	Author = {Maggi, Giovanni and Rodriguez-Clare, Andres},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Maggi, Rodriguez-Clare - 1998 - The Value of Trade Agreements in the Presence of Political Pressures.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {574--601},
	Title = {{The Value of Trade Agreements in the Presence of Political Pressures}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/250022},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/250022}}

@article{Slantchev2010,
	Author = {Slantchev, Branislav L.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002081831000010X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Slantchev - 2010 - Feigning Weakness.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {357--388},
	Title = {{Feigning Weakness}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081831000010X},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081831000010X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081831000010X}}

@article{kruegerandmaleckova2003,
	Author = {Krueger, Alan B and Male\v{c}kov\'{a}, Jitka},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {119--144},
	Title = {{Education, Poverty and Terrorism: Is There a Causal Connection?}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{obama2007,
	Author = {Obama, Barack},
	Journal = {Foreign Affairs},
	Number = {July/August},
	Pages = {2--16},
	Title = {{Renewing American Leadership}},
	Volume = {86},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Helm2000,
	Annote = {Helm, Carsten, and Detlef Sprinz. 2000. "Measuring the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes." Journal of Conflict Resolution 44(5):630-652.
An assessment based on evaluation of actual policy against a no-regime counterfactual and a collective optimum. Two treaties regulating transboundary air pollution in Europe. Results demonstrate that the regimes indeed show positive effects -- but fall substantially short of the collective optima. 
Three phases in regime research: how do they form, then implementation and compliance, and now, do they matter? Regimes might be a crucial intervening variable explaining why degradation does not lead to conflict. 

        
Conceptual problems: What is the object to be evaluated? Against what standard? How do we operationally go about comparing the object to our standard? 
What: a policy instrument closely related to the primary goals of an institution, and sufficient reliable data must be available. 
Standard: No-regime (NR) counterfactual is lower bound -- emissions prior to regime for TAP. Interviews with experts. Upper bound is collective optima (CO). Actual performance (AP) is between these two. 
Regime effects: improvements in the object of evaluation (DV) that can be attributed to regime.

        
p. 11 in pdf.  

        
Concern, Contractual Environment, and Capacity},
	Author = {Helm, C. and Sprinz, D.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002700044005004},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Helm, Sprinz - 2000 - Measuring the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {630--652},
	Title = {{Measuring the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002700044005004},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002700044005004},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002700044005004}}

@article{Humphreys2006,
	Author = {Humphreys, Macartan and Weinstein, Jeremy M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0003055406062289},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Humphreys, Weinstein - 2006 - Handling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0003-0554},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {429--447},
	Title = {{Handling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0003055406062289},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0003055406062289},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406062289}}

@book{hollander2004,
	Address = {New York},
	Editor = {Hollander, Paul},
	Publisher = {Ivan R. Dee},
	Title = {{Understanding Anti-Americanism: Its Origins and Impact at Home and Abroad}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{hetherington1998,
	Author = {Hetherington, Marc},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {791--808},
	Title = {{The Political Relevance of Political Trust}},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {1998}}

@book{rubinstein1977,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Rubinstein, Alvin Z},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Red Star on the Nile}},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{Gardner1999,
	Author = {Gardner, Katy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner - 1999 - Narrating Location Space, Age, and Gender among Bengali Elders in East London.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Oral History},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {65--74},
	Title = {{Narrating Location: Space, Age, and Gender among Bengali Elders in East London}},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {1999}}

@unpublished{gates2011,
	Annote = {Delivered at the United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, Friday, February 25, 2011; available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1539\}},
	Author = {Gates, Robert M},
	Title = {{Speech}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Schultz2003,
	Annote = {Representative institutions enhance a state's borrowing power by making it easier for those with a stake in the repayment of debt to punish the sovereign in the event of default. This commitment technology gives superior access to credit; Institution of representative government allows democratic states to sustain large military expenditures through debt rather than tax increases; this makes impact of war less burdensome.},
	Author = {Schultz, Kenneth A. and Weingast, Barry R.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schultz, Weingast - 2003 - The Democratic Advantage Institutional Foundations of Financial Power in International Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--42},
	Title = {{The Democratic Advantage: Institutional Foundations of Financial Power in International Competition}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3594824},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3594824}}

@article{wilkinson2009,
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	Pages = {329--343},
	Title = {{Riots}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Raschky2012,
	Author = {Raschky, Paul A. and Schwindt, Manijeh},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.07.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Raschky and Schwindt 2012 On the Channel and Type of Aid- The Case of International Disaster Assistance .pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {01762680},
	Journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
	Keywords = {Bilateral vs. multilateral,Foreign aid,Natural disasters,Type of aid},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {119--131},
	Publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	Title = {{On the Channel and Type of Aid: The Case of International Disaster Assistance}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.07.001}}

@article{Tollison2009,
	Author = {Tollison, Robert D. and Willett, Thomas D.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818300032252},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tollison, Willett - 2009 - An economic theory of mutually advantageous issue linkages in international negotiations.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818300},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = may,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {425},
	Title = {{An economic theory of mutually advantageous issue linkages in international negotiations}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818300032252},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818300032252},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300032252}}

@book{barbieri2002,
	Address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	Author = {Barbieri, Katherine},
	Publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	Title = {{The Liberal Illusion: Does Trade Promote Peace?}},
	Year = {2002}}

@incollection{schultz2013,
	Address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	Author = {Schultz, Kenneth},
	Booktitle = {Handbook of International Relations},
	Chapter = {19},
	Edition = {2nd},
	Editor = {Carlsnaes, Walter and Risse, Thomas and Simmons, Beth A},
	Pages = {478--502},
	Publisher = {Sage},
	Title = {{Domestic Politics and International Relations}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Chapman2010,
	Author = {Chapman, Terrence L. and Wolford, Scott},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609990582},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chapman, Wolford - 2010 - International Organizations, Strategy, and Crisis Bargaining.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {227--242},
	Title = {{International Organizations, Strategy, and Crisis Bargaining}},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609990582}}

@article{Gleditsch2012,
	Annote = {Gleditsch, N. P. 2012. Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict. Journal of Peace Research
        49 (1): 3--9.},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343311431288},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch - 2012 - Whither the weather Climate change and conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Keywords = {armed conflict,climate change,security,war},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--9},
	Title = {{Whither the Weather? Climate Change and Conflict}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311431288}}

@article{Chenoweth2009,
	Author = {Chenoweth, Erica and Miller, Nicholas and McClellan, Elizabeth and Frisch, Hillel and Staniland, Paul and Abrahms, Max},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chenoweth et al. - 2009 - Correspondence What Makes Terrorists Tick.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {180--202},
	Title = {{Correspondence: What Makes Terrorists Tick}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{chiozzaandgoemans2004a,
	Author = {Chiozza, Giacomo and Goemans, H.\~{}E.},
	Journal = {A\{merican Journal of Political Science\}},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {604--619},
	Title = {{International Conflict and the Tenure of Leaders: Is War Still $\backslash$textit\{Ex Post\} Inefficient?}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Colaresi2004a,
	Author = {Colaresi, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00087.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Colaresi - 2004 - When Doves Cry International Rivalry, Unreciprocated Cooperation, and Leadership Turnover(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {555--570},
	Title = {{When Doves Cry: International Rivalry, Unreciprocated Cooperation, and Leadership Turnover}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00087.x},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00087.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00087.x}}

@book{todd2003,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Todd, Emmanuel},
	Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	Title = {{After the Empire: The Breakdown of the American Order}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Bruneau2003,
	Author = {Bruneau, Michel and Chang, Stephanie E. and Eguchi, Ronald T. and Lee, George C. and O'Rourke, Thomas D. and Reinhorn, Andrei M. and Shinozuka, Masanobu and Tierney, Kathleen and Wallace, William a. and von Winterfeldt, Detlof},
	Doi = {10.1193/1.1623497},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bruneau et al. - 2003 - A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {87552930},
	Journal = {Earthquake Spectra},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {733},
	Title = {{A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities}},
	Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/EASPEF/v19/i4/p733/s1\&Agg=doi},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/EASPEF/v19/i4/p733/s1%5C&Agg=doi},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1623497}}

@book{lake2009,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Lake, David A},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Hierarchy in International Relations}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Keohane2011,
	Author = {Keohane, Robert O. and Macedo, Stephen and Moravcsik, Andrew},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818311000154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Keohane, Macedo, Moravcsik - 2011 - Constitutional Democracy and World Politics A Response to Gartzke and Naoi.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs,IOs and Domestic Politics},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs,IOs and Domestic Politics},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {599--604},
	Title = {{Constitutional Democracy and World Politics: A Response to Gartzke and Naoi}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818311000154},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818311000154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818311000154}}

@book{freeseandlong2006,
	Address = {College Station, TX},
	Author = {Freese, Jeremy and Long, J Scott},
	Publisher = {Stata Press},
	Title = {{Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{aldrichsullivanandborgida1989,
	Author = {Aldrich, John A and Sullivan, John L and Borgida, Eugene},
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@unpublished{gambettaandhertog2007,
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@misc{Various,
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	Keywords = {UN,quotes,statements},
	Title = {{Statements by Governments on Climate Impacts}}}

@article{Koremenos2007,
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	Title = {{If Only Half of International Agreements Have Dispute Resolution Provisions, Which Half Needs Explaining?}},
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@book{karnes1961,
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@book{datta2013,
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@article{piazza2008,
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@article{partellandpalmer1999,
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@misc{Organization2009,
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@article{Kurizaki2007,
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@unpublished{marshallandjaggers2001,
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@article{Dollar2006,
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	Issn = {0305750X},
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@unpublished{bowkatzensteinandsantacruz2007,
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@article{Vreeland2008a,
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
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	Keywords = {Human Rights,IR and Domestic Politics},
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	Title = {{Political Institutions and Human Rights: Why Dictatorships Enter into the United Nations Convention Against Torture}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830808003X},
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	Year = {2008},
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@book{Ray1995a,
	Address = {Colombia},
	Annote = {Chapter 4: ``Case Studies, Covering Laws, and Causality'' 
Single events cannot be explained (in isolation). 133. 
Events must be shown to fit into a pattern. ``I will feel that no ``explanation'' is worthy of the name unless it alludes to a pattern into which the event in question fits'' 136. I would not be convinced by any evidence restricted in its scope to one case. 138. 
This is consistent with Hempel, it is nomological explanation.
        
Within the confines of a single event, we cannot see the causal nexus that explains the outcome of that event. (139, not a quote). Must observe large number of cases. 
Wendt is advocate of scientific realism/ critic of nomological. 
Ray's reaction to Wendt and others (141): 
1. the idea that causal mechanisms can be identified and understood without relying on comparison and the identification of regularities and correlations is illusory. 
2. impression that nomologically inclined analysts have no interest in finer details is understandable. (b/c of the ``as if'' assumption). 
3. number 2 is understandable but mistaken.   
Homeruns. 
The ``As If'' Assumption 
The notion of a covering law does at least create some coherence among conflicting ideas about knowledge and causality, even though that notion is explicitly rejected by scientific realists as well as at least some philosophers of history. 
  Actual decision makers in ``real world'' situations may use very rough indicators, but these indicators may roughly correspond to those used by formal modelers (and Ray says this justifies the as if assumption). 
What about new phenomena? },
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	Year = {1995}}

@book{Vertovec1999,
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@article{acemogluandrobinson2001,
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	Annote = {Schneider, Christina J. 2011. "Weak States and Institutionalized Bargaining Power in International Organizations." International Studies Quarterly 55 ( ): 331-355
- If the weak cannot credibly demand side-payments and if these payments are costly to provide, then why do strong states agree to redistribute benefits and costs in international organizations?
- I argue that the institutional bargaining environment can function as an enabling condition when it provides occasions for the weak members to exercise political influence that far exceeds their status. (DQ: Does Fearon's framework give us the tools to explain this adequately?)
	- i.e. when they can exercise a veto; other cases of extraordinary bargaining. 
- Periods of IO reform enhance the weak members' bargaining power...
1. if reforms are decided unanimously
2. if the current member's threat to delay enlargement is credible and
3. if the IO's promise to solve conflicts is credible. 

        
- Greek blocked accession of Spain/Portugal until EU MS established new funds particularly benefiting Greece and the Mediterranean region. 
- the relative winners of redistribution are typically states that are pivotal in the bargaining process. 
- the credibility of delay threats does not come from economic considerations but from domestic political factors. 
- Schneider focuses specifically on widening of IOs as an extraordinary bargaining example. --> the extraordinary conditions basically apply to any time the basic conditions of an IO are renegotiated. 

        
Bargaining in IOs
IOs mitigate conflicts b/x they provide formal rules that structure the bargaining process and regulate the dist of gains and losses among MS in the long term. 
The scholarly literature suggests a gap between de jure and de facto distribution of benefits in IOs. Whereas many int'l organizations aim to redistribute gains in favor of the economically weak member states, the defacto distribution tends to reflect the members' political and economic power.
Politically weak MS can increase bargaining power in phases of extraordinary bargaining (like IO expansion). 

        
Weak states that expect distributional conflict after enlargement can exploit the extraordinary institutional environment during enlargement to increase their own membership benefits in other policy areas. 

        
To sum up, economic and, particularly, political power is crucial to explaining the outcomes of EU budget negotiations in phases of routine bargaining. Weak states are generally disadvantaged even if the formal rules designated them as main beneficiaries of the common budget. However, whereas weak states cannot assert themselves in phases of routine bargaining, I find strong and robust evidence of extraordinary bargaining environments in which weak states can alter the balance of distribution if they expect distributional conflict.

        

        

      },
	Author = {Schneider, CJ},
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@book{Goldstein2011,
	Address = {New York},
	Annote = {
        Goldstein Chapter 1: War on the Street Outside
        
``We are winning the ``war on war,'' by which I mean the efforts of international peacekeepers, diplomats, peace movements, humanitarian aid agencies, and other international organizations in war-torn and postwar countries.'' 7 
``International actions hold the central place in the process of building peace worldwide.'' 8 Goldstein Chapter 8: ``Peace Movements: If You Want Peace, Work for Peace.''
        
Peace movements should be decoupled from justice. Unrealistic. Goldstein says war is not just a derivative of injustice. Peace movement should speak up for the UN, for peacekeeping, for multidimensional efforts of international, national, and private organizations to stop wars and keep the peace. Broad definitions of peace are impossible to realize in the short term. 
Peace movement has come down on the wrong side of the question. They should focus on supporting UN b/c that's what matters. },
	Author = {Goldstein, Joshua},
	Publisher = {Dutton},
	Title = {{Winning the War on War}},
	Year = {2011}}

@misc{carterandsignorino2009,
	Author = {Carter, David B and Signorino, Curtis S},
	Howpublished = {Working paper, University of Rochester, Department of Political Science, 2 March 2009},
	Title = {{Back to the Future: Modeling Time Dependence in Binary Data}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Hafner-Burton2008b,
	Author = {Hafner-Burton, Emilie M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818308080247},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hafner-Burton - 2008 - Sticks and Stones Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Human Rights},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Human Rights},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {689},
	Title = {{Sticks and Stones: Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818308080247},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818308080247},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818308080247}}

@book{maddala1983,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Maddala, G.\~{}S.},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics}},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{Kinsella1998,
	Author = {Kinsella, D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kinsella - 1998 - Arms Transfer Dependence and Foreign Policy Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--23},
	Title = {{Arms Transfer Dependence and Foreign Policy Conflict}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/35/1/7.short},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/35/1/7.short}}

@article{dahl1957,
	Author = {Dahl, Robert A},
	Journal = {Behavioral Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {201--215},
	Title = {{The Concept of Power}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1957}}

@article{Hafner-Burton2008,
	Annote = {Hafner-Burton, Emilie M. 2008. ``Sticks and Stones: Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem.'' International Organization 62 (4): 689-716. 
- naming/shaming is rarely followed by the cessation of political terror and, paradoxically, sometimes is followed by more. 
            It invigorates domestic opposition \`{a} more crackdowns. 
            NSAs use terror to challenge state power 
As human rights idioms become mainstream, global shaming efforts grow. Placing countries in a spotlight for human rights violations, though, is followed by complex politics of human rights abuse and enforcement. This study is a beginning. It shows that governments subjected to global publicity efforts often behave in contradictory ways, reducing some violations of political rights afterward -- sometimes because these violations are easier or less costly to temper yet some governments continue or expand their use of political terror -- sometimes because terror is less in governments' control or can be used to cancel out other improvements governments make but do not want to work. 713. },
	Author = {Hafner-Burton, Emilie M},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hafner-Burton - 2008 - Sticks and Stones Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {689--716},
	Title = {{Sticks and Stones: Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem}},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{putnam1988,
	Author = {Putnam, Robert D},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {427--460},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {{Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {1988}}

@article{Gleditsch2000,
	Author = {Gleditsch, Kristian S. and Ward, Michael D.},
	Doi = {10.1111/0020-8833.00146},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch, Ward - 2000 - War and Peace in Space and Time The Role of Democratization.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--29},
	Title = {{War and Peace in Space and Time: The Role of Democratization}},
	Url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/0020-8833.00146},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/0020-8833.00146},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00146}}

@book{psm-99,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Przeworski, Adam and Stokes, Susan C and Manin, Bernard},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Democracy, Accountability, and Representation}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{barro-03,
	Author = {Barro, Robert J},
	Journal = {Annals of Economics and Finance},
	Pages = {231--274},
	Title = {{Determinants of Economic Growth in a Panel of Countries}},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2003}}

@incollection{Buckle2006,
	Address = {Springfield},
	Author = {Buckle, Philip},
	Booktitle = {Disaster Resilience},
	Editor = {Paton, Douglas and Johnston, David},
	Pages = {88--104},
	Publisher = {Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.},
	Title = {{Assessing Social Resilience}},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{rubinandrubin2004,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Rubin, Barry and Rubin, Judith Colp},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Hating America: A History}},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{ricks2009,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Ricks, Thomas E},
	Publisher = {Penguin Press},
	Title = {{The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006--2008}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{jamesandrioux1998,
	Author = {James, Patrick and Rioux, Jean Sebastien},
	Journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {781--812},
	Title = {{International Crises and Linkage Politics: The Experiences of the \{U\}nited \{S\}tates, 1953--1994}},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Boehmer2004,
	Author = {Boehmer, Charles and Gartzke, Erik and Nordstrom, Timothy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Boehmer, Gartzke, Nordstrom - 2004 - Do Intergovernmental Organizations Promote Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--38},
	Title = {{Do Intergovernmental Organizations Promote Peace?}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0043887100017093},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0043887100017093}}

@article{Baybeck2011,
	Author = {Baybeck, Brady and Berry, William D. and Siegel, David a.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381610000988},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Baybeck, Berry, Siegel - 2011 - A Strategic Theory of Policy Diffusion via Intergovernmental Competition.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {232--247},
	Title = {{A Strategic Theory of Policy Diffusion via Intergovernmental Competition}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381610000988},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381610000988},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381610000988}}

@article{downes2007,
	Author = {Downes, Alexander B},
	Journal = {Civil Wars},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {420--444},
	Title = {{Draining the Sea by Filling the Graves: Investigating the Effectiveness of Indiscriminate Violence as a Counterinsurgency Strategy}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Dreher,
	Author = {Dreher, Axel and Jensen, NM},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Dreher and Jensen 2007 Independent Actor or Agent? An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of U.S. Interests on International Monetary Fund Conditions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Law and Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {105--124},
	Title = {{Independent Actor or Agent? An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of U.S. Interests on International Monetary Fund Conditions}},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{galetovicandsanhueza2000,
	Author = {Galetovic, Alexander and Sanhueza, Ricardo},
	Journal = {Economics and Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {183--204},
	Title = {{Citizens, Autocrats, and Plotters: A Model and New Evidence on Coups d'\'{E}tat}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2000}}

@incollection{taagepera2009,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Taagepera, Rein},
	Booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics},
	Chapter = {28},
	Editor = {Stokes, Susan C and Boix, Carles},
	Pages = {678--702},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Electoral Systems}},
	Year = {2009}}

@incollection{Pfefferbaum2005,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Pfefferbaum, B. and Reissman, D. and Pfefferbaum, R. and Klomp, R. and Gurwitch, R.},
	Booktitle = {Handbook on injury and violence prevention interventions},
	Editor = {Doll, L. and Bonzo, S. and Mercy, J. and Slee, D.},
	Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	Title = {{Building resilience to mass trauma events}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{McKelvey2012,
	Author = {McKelvey, RD},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McKelvey - 2012 - Intransitivities in Multidimensional Voting Models and Some Implications for Agenda Control.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
	Pages = {472--482},
	Title = {{Intransitivities in Multidimensional Voting Models and Some Implications for Agenda Control}},
	Url = {http://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jetheo/v12y1976i3p472-482.html},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jetheo/v12y1976i3p472-482.html}}

@article{snyderandborghard2011,
	Author = {Snyder, Jack and Borghard, Erica D},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {437--456},
	Title = {{The Cost of Empty Threats: A Penny, Not a Pound}},
	Volume = {105},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Garriga2009,
	Author = {Garriga, AC},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Garriga - 2009 - Regime Type and Bilateral Treaty Formalization Do Too Many Cooks Spoil the Soup.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {698--726},
	Title = {{Regime Type and Bilateral Treaty Formalization: Do Too Many Cooks Spoil the Soup?}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/53/5/698.short},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/53/5/698.short}}

@article{honaker2011,
	Author = {Honaker, James and King, Gary and Blackwell, Matthew},
	Journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {1--47},
	Title = {{Amelia II: A Program for Missing Data}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Burns2011,
	Author = {Burns, T.R. and St\"{o}hr, Christian},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Burns, St\"{o}hr - 2011 - Power, knowledge, and conflict in the shaping of commons governance. The case of EU Baltic fisheries.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgements,anonymous reviewers and to,architecture,baltic fisheries,commons,conflict,elinor,governance,knowledge,power,we are grateful two},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {233--258},
	Title = {{Power, knowledge, and conflict in the shaping of commons governance. The case of EU Baltic fisheries}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/260},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/260}}

@article{owen2001-02,
	Author = {Owen, John M., I V},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Winter},
	Pages = {117--152},
	Title = {{Transnational Liberalism and U.S. Primacy}},
	Volume = {26}}

@article{rubinandschenker1991,
	Author = {Rubin, Donald B and Schenker, Nathaniel},
	Journal = {Statistics in Medicine},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {585--598},
	Title = {{Multiple Imputation in Health-Care Databases: An Overview and Some Applications}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1991}}

@misc{gleditsch2003,
	Annote = {$\backslash$verb+http://weber.ucsd.edu/\~{}kgledits/papers/transnational.pdf+},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Kristian S},
	Howpublished = {Typescript. The University of California at San Diego. May},
	Title = {{Transnational Dimensions of Civil War}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Fearon2011,
	Abstract = {In nearly a third of ethnic civil wars since 1945, the conflict develops between members of a regional ethnic group that considers itself to be the indigenous ``sons of the soil'' and recent migrants from other parts of the country. The migrants are typically members of the dominant ethnic group who migrate in search of land or government jobs, often supported by the state with economic incentives and development schemes. This paper elaborates on the concept of a sons-of-the-soil conflict; presents descriptive statistics and empirical patterns; identifies a typical escalation sequence; illustrates the several steps with an account of the Tamil-Sinhalese conflict along with other cases; discusses the obstacles to negotiated settlements; and concludes with a suggestion on the role of grievances in explaining civil war onsets.},
	Annote = {The authors discuss cases where governments actively supported migration and cases where migration occurred without government coordination, but they do not go deep enough into this issue. In the former case, I think there might be some endogeneity issues. If the government is actively supporting one side and not the other, then it is unsurprising that migration leads to conflict between majority/minority ethnic groups. },
	Author = {Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.031},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Laitin - 2011 - Sons of the Soil, Migrants, and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305750X},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Keywords = {civil war,ethnic conflict,grievances,internal migration,sons of the soil,sri lanka},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {199--211},
	Title = {{Sons of the Soil, Migrants, and Civil War}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X10002032},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X10002032},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.031}}

@book{cookandpaxton1998,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Cook, Chris and Paxton, John},
	Publisher = {St. Martin's Press},
	Title = {{European Political Facts, 1900--1996}},
	Year = {1998}}

@book{bunce1981,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Bunce, Valerie},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Do New Leaders Make a Difference? Executive Succession and Public Policy under Capitalism and Socialism}},
	Year = {1981}}

@book{elgamasy1993,
	Address = {Cairo, Egypt},
	Annote = {Translation by Gillian Potter, Nadra Morcos, Rosette Frances},
	Author = {El-Gamasy, Mohamed Abdel Ghani},
	Publisher = {The American University in Cairo Press},
	Title = {{The October War}},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Putnam2009,
	Author = {Putnam, Tonya L.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002081830909016X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Putnam - 2009 - Courts Without Borders Domestic Sources of U.S. Extraterritoriality in the Regulatory Sphere.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IR and Domestic Politics,Transgovernmental Actors},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IR and Domestic Politics,Transgovernmental Actors},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {459},
	Title = {{Courts Without Borders: Domestic Sources of U.S. Extraterritoriality in the Regulatory Sphere}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002081830909016X},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002081830909016X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002081830909016X}}

@article{Hendricks2006,
	Author = {Hendricks, K and McAfee, RP},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hendricks, McAfee - 2006 - Feints.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Economics \& \ldots},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {431--456},
	Title = {{Feints}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2006.00106.x/full},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2006.00106.x/full}}

@book{cheibub2007,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Cheibub, Jos\'{e} Antonio},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Tir2010,
	Author = {Tir, Jaroslav},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381609990879},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tir - 2010 - Territorial Diversion Diversionary Theory of War and Territorial Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {413},
	Title = {{Territorial Diversion: Diversionary Theory of War and Territorial Conflict}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381609990879},
	Volume = {72},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381609990879},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609990879}}

@book{fukuyama-america-crossroads-2006,
	Address = {New Haven, CT},
	Author = {Fukuyama, Francis},
	Publisher = {Yale University Press},
	Title = {{America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Leeds1999,
	Author = {Leeds, Brett Ashley},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leeds - 1999 - Domestic Political Institutions, Credible Commitments, and International Cooperation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {979--1002},
	Title = {{Domestic Political Institutions, Credible Commitments, and International Cooperation}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{gaddis1992-93,
	Author = {Gaddis, John Lewis},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Winter},
	Pages = {5--58},
	Title = {{International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War}},
	Volume = {17}}

@article{Poast2012,
	Author = {Poast, Paul},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000069},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Poast - 2012 - Does Issue Linkage Work Evidence from European Alliance Negotiations, 1860 to 1945.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Alliances,Institutional Design,Issue Linkage},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Alliances,Institutional Design,Issue Linkage},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {277--310},
	Title = {{Does Issue Linkage Work? Evidence from European Alliance Negotiations, 1860 to 1945}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000069},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000069},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000069}}

@article{elman1996,
	Author = {Elman, Colin},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--53},
	Title = {{Horses for Courses? Why Not Neorealist Theory of Foreign Policy?}},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Mettler2012,
	Author = {Mettler, S. a. and Reiter, D.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002712453702},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mettler, Reiter - 2012 - Ballistic Missiles and International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022002712453},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = aug,
	Title = {{Ballistic Missiles and International Conflict}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002712453702},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002712453702},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002712453702}}

@article{Heinrich2013,
	Author = {Heinrich, Tobias},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002238161300011X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Heinrich - 2013 - When is Foreign Aid Selfish, When is it Selfless.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {422--435},
	Title = {{When is Foreign Aid Selfish, When is it Selfless?}},
	Volume = {75},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002238161300011X}}

@article{caprioliandboyer2001,
	Author = {Caprioli, Mary and Boyer, Mark A},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {503--518},
	Title = {{Gender, Violence, and International Crisis}},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2001}}

@misc{sixdays2007,
	Annote = {Ilan Ziv, Director, Zvi Dor-Ner, Producer},
	Author = {WGBH},
	Howpublished = {A WGBH production in co-production with Instinct Films, Canada, Point du Jour, France, and Alma Films, Israel. ISBN \# 978-1-593757-84-7},
	Title = {{Six Days in June, The War that Redefined the Middle East}},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{barro1997,
	Address = {Cambridge, Massachusets},
	Author = {Barro, Robert J},
	Publisher = {The MIT Press},
	Title = {{Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study}},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Buthe2012,
	Author = {B\"{u}the, Tim and Major, Solomon and Souza, Andr\'{e} De Mello E},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000252},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/B\"{u}the, Major, Souza - 2012 - The Politics of Private Foreign Aid Humanitarian Principles, Economic Development Objectives, and Organiza.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Foreign Aid,Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Foreign Aid,Norms},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {571--607},
	Title = {{The Politics of Private Foreign Aid: Humanitarian Principles, Economic Development Objectives, and Organizational Interests in NGO Private Aid Allocation}},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000252}}

@article{Downes2012a,
	Author = {Downes, Alexander B. and Sechser, Todd S.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000161},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Downes, Sechser - 2012 - The Illusion of Democratic Credibility(2).pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Bargaining and Conflict,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Bargaining and Conflict,Domestic Politics and Conflict},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {457--489},
	Title = {{The Illusion of Democratic Credibility}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000161},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000161},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000161}}

@book{trinquier1961,
	Address = {Paris},
	Author = {Trinquier, Roger},
	Publisher = {\'{E}ditions de la Table Ronde},
	Title = {{La Guerre Moderne}},
	Year = {1961}}

@techreport{Adamo,
	Author = {Adamo, Susana B},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adamo - 2009 - Environmentally Induced Population Displacements.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {IHDP},
	Keywords = {cli-,environment,migration,population mobility},
	Title = {{Environmentally Induced Population Displacements}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{gopnik2003,
	Author = {Gopnik, Adam},
	Journal = {The New Yorker},
	Number = {24},
	Pages = {30},
	Title = {{The Anti-Anti-Americans}},
	Volume = {79},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Fey2007,
	Author = {Fey, Mark and Ramsay, Kristopher W.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00278.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fey, Ramsay - 2007 - Mutual Optimism and War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {738--754},
	Title = {{Mutual Optimism and War}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00278.x},
	Volume = {51},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00278.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00278.x}}

@article{morganandcampbell1991,
	Author = {Morgan, T Clifton and Campbell, Sally Howard},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {187--211},
	Title = {{Domestic Structure, Decisional Constraints, and War: So Why Kant Democracies Fight?}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Ross2006,
	Author = {Ross, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00220.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ross - 2006 - Is Democracy Good for the Poor.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0092-5853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {860--874},
	Title = {{Is Democracy Good for the Poor?}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00220.x},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00220.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00220.x}}

@article{rosaanddunlap1994,
	Author = {Rosa, Eugene A and Dunlap, Riley E},
	Journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
	Number = {Summer},
	Pages = {295--324},
	Title = {{Nuclear Power: Three Decades of Public Opinion}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1994}}

@article{boxsteffensmeierreiterandzorn2003,
	Author = {Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M and Reiter, Dan and Zorn, Christopher J W},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {33--53},
	Title = {{Nonproportional Hazards and Event History Analysis in International Relations}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{shapiroandfair2010,
	Author = {Shapiro, Jacob N and Fair, C Christine},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Winter},
	Pages = {79--118},
	Title = {{Understanding Support for Islamist Militancy in Pakistan}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2010}}

@misc{Hossain2012,
	Author = {Hossain, Faisal},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hossain - 2012 - Satellite Data Portals Need Search Engine Optimization for Enhancing the Global Impact on Diverse Stakeholders.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {Hossain},
	Pages = {1--6},
	Publisher = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
	Title = {{Satellite Data Portals Need Search Engine Optimization for Enhancing the Global Impact on Diverse Stakeholders}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{legroandmoravcsik1999,
	Author = {Legro, Jeffrey W and Moravcsik, Andrew},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {Fall},
	Pages = {5--55},
	Title = {{Is Anybody Still a Realist?}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Dreher2013,
	Author = {Dreher, Axel and Fuchs, Andreas and Nunnenkamp, Peter},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050629.2013.784076},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Dreher et al 2013 New Donors.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {402--415},
	Title = {{New Donors}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2013.784076}}

@article{Ashley2007,
	Author = {Leeds, Brett Ashley and Savun, Burcu},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leeds, Savun - 2007 - Terminating Alliances Why Do States Abrogate Agreements.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1118--1132},
	Title = {{Terminating Alliances: Why Do States Abrogate Agreements?}},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Quinn2007,
	Abstract = {Over half of all civil wars that began and ended between 1944 and 1997 were followed by at least one if not more episodes of civil war. We present a model to explain which characteristics of a civil war and the post-war environment make civil war more or less likely to recur. We test this model with data on civil wars that began and ended between 1944 and 1997. Findings suggest that civil wars are less likely to recur following rebel victories and peace agreements supported by peacekeeping forces. Post-war economic development also reduces the probability of civil war recurrence, and the longer the peace can be sustained, the less likely civil war is to recur. These effects hold regardless of whether the previous war was ethnically based or not, and whether it was secessionist or revolutionary.},
	Author = {Quinn, J Michael and Mason, T David and Gurses, Mehmet},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050620701277673},
	Issn = {03050629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Pages = {167--193},
	Title = {{Sustaining the Peace: Determinants of Civil War Recurrence}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050620701277673}}

@article{Levy1998,
	Author = {Levy, Jack S.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levy - 1998 - The Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {balance of power theory,diversionary theory,interdependence and war,levels of analysis,power transition theory},
	Pages = {139--65},
	Title = {{The Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace}},
	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:THE+CAUSES+OF+WAR+AND+THE\#6},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%5C&btnG=Search%5C&q=intitle:THE+CAUSES+OF+WAR+AND+THE%5C#6}}

@article{Gowa2011,
	Author = {Gowa, Joanne and Hall, Corwin and Ramsay, Kristopher W},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gowa, Hall, Ramsay - 2011 - Gulliver Untied Entry Deterrence in a Unipolar World.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{Gulliver Untied : Entry Deterrence in a Unipolar World}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Black2011a,
	Author = {Black, Richard and Kniveton, Dominic and Schmidt-Verkerk, Kerstin},
	Doi = {10.1068/a43154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Black, Kniveton, Schmidt-Verkerk - 2011 - Migration and climate change towards an integrated assessment of sensitivity.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0308-518X},
	Journal = {Environment and Planning},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {431--450},
	Title = {{Migration and climate change: towards an integrated assessment of sensitivity}},
	Url = {http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a43154},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a43154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a43154}}

@book{gowa1999,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Gowa, Joanne},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Ballots and Bullets: The Elusive Democratic Peace}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Walt1985,
	Author = {Walt, Stephen M},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Walt - 1985 - Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power(2).pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {3--43},
	Title = {{Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2538540},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2538540}}

@book{andrewandmitrokhin1999,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Andrew, Christopher and Mitrokhin, Vasili},
	Publisher = {Basic Books},
	Title = {{The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Broz2010,
	Author = {Broz, J. Lawrence and Plouffe, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818310000196},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Broz, Plouffe - 2010 - The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Anchors Firm-Level Evidence.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {International Finance},
	Mendeley-Tags = {International Finance},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {695--717},
	Title = {{The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Anchors: Firm-Level Evidence}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818310000196},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818310000196},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818310000196}}

@techreport{TheWorldBank2006,
	Address = {Dhaka},
	Author = {{The World Bank}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The World Bank - 2006 - Economics and Governance of Nongovernmental Organizations in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {The World Bank Office},
	Title = {{Economics and Governance of Nongovernmental Organizations in Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{berinsky2004,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Berinsky, Adam J},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Silent Voices: Public Opinion and Political Participation in America}},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Leeds2009,
	Author = {Leeds, Brett Ashley and Mattes, Michaela and Vogel, Jeremy S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leeds, Mattes, Vogel - 2009 - Interests, Institutions, and the Reliability of International Commitments.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {461--476},
	Title = {{Interests, Institutions, and the Reliability of International Commitments}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Zechlin1963,
	Author = {Zechlin, Egmont},
	Journal = {Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, Beilage zur Wochenzeitung Das Parlament},
	Pages = {3--54,3--47},
	Title = {{Friedensbestrebungen und Revolutionsversuche, Deutsche Bestrebungen zur Ausschaltung Russlands im Ersten Weltkrieg}},
	Volume = {20, 22},
	Year = {1963}}

@article{Guzman2002,
	Author = {Guzman, Andrew T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Guzman - 2002 - The Cost of Credibility Explaining Resistance to Interstate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Legal Studies},
	Pages = {303--326},
	Title = {{The Cost of Credibility: Explaining Resistance to Interstate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms}},
	Url = {http://works.bepress.com/andrew\_guzman/10/},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://works.bepress.com/andrew%5C_guzman/10/}}

@article{feng1997,
	Author = {Feng, Yi},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {391--418},
	Title = {{Democracy, Political Stability and Economic Growth}},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{economist2005,
	Author = {Economist},
	Journal = {The Economist},
	Pages = {24--26},
	Title = {{Anti-\{A\}mericanism: The View from Abroad}},
	Volume = {19--25 Feb},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Gilligan2012,
	Author = {Gilligan, Michael J. and Johns, Leslie},
	Doi = {10.1146/annurev-polisci-043010-095828},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gilligan, Johns - 2012 - Formal Models of International Institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1094-2939},
	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {agreements,bargaining,compliance,dilemma,international cooperation,multilateral,repeated prisoners},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {221--243},
	Title = {{Formal Models of International Institutions}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-043010-095828}}

@article{Houweling1988,
	Author = {Houweling, H and Siccama, JG},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Houweling, Siccama - 1988 - Power transitions as a cause of war.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {87--102},
	Title = {{Power transitions as a cause of war}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/32/1/87.short},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/32/1/87.short}}

@article{Barnett2009b,
	Author = {Barnett, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309990087},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett - 2009 - Evolution Without Progress Humanitarianism in a World of Hurt.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Human Rights,Norms},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Human Rights,Norms},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {621},
	Title = {{Evolution Without Progress? Humanitarianism in a World of Hurt}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990087},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309990087},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309990087}}

@article{jervis1978,
	Author = {Jervis, Robert},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {167--214},
	Title = {{Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {1978}}

@article{baum2004,
	Author = {Baum, Matthew A},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {603--631},
	Title = {{Going Private: Public Opinion, Presidential Rhetoric, and the $\backslash$emph\{Domestic\} Politics of Audience Costs in \{U.S.\} Foreign Policy Crises}},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Byman1998,
	Author = {Byman, Daniel},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Byman - 1998 - The Logic of Ethnic Terrorism.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Studies in Conflict \& Terrorism},
	Pages = {149--169},
	Title = {{The Logic of Ethnic Terrorism}},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {1998}}

@book{Snyder1997,
	Address = {Ithaca},
	Author = {Snyder, Glenn H.},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Alliance Politics}},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{foxandandersen2005,
	Author = {Fox, John and Andersen, Robert},
	Journal = {Sociological Methodology},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {forthcoming},
	Title = {{Effect Displays for Multinomial and Proportional-Odds Logit Models}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{meernik1996,
	Author = {Meernik, James},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {391--402},
	Title = {{United States Military Intervention and the Promotion of Democracy}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Meze-Hausken2008a,
	Author = {Meze-Hausken, Elisabeth},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meze-Hausken - 2008 - On the (im-)possibilities of defining human climate thresholds.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Number = {3-4},
	Pages = {299--324},
	Title = {{On the (im-)possibilities of defining human climate thresholds}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7}}

@article{Gent2013,
	Author = {Gent, Stephen E},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gent - 2013 - The Politics of International Arbitration and Adjudication.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Penn State Journal of Law \& International Affairs},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {66--77},
	Title = {{The Politics of International Arbitration and Adjudication}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Bergholt2012,
	Author = {Bergholt, Drago and Lujala, Paivi},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343311426167},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bergholt, Lujala - 2012 - Climate-related natural disasters, economic growth, and armed civil conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {147--162},
	Title = {{Climate-related Natural Disasters, Economic Growth, and Armed Civil Conflict}},
	Volume = {49},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311426167}}

@article{lipset1959,
	Author = {Lipset, Seymour Martin},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {60--105},
	Title = {{Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1959}}

@article{Greffenius1986,
	Author = {Greffenius, Steven},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050628608434666},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/FP Substitutability/Greffenius 1986 Foreign policy substitution in the Arab‐Israeli conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--21},
	Title = {{Foreign policy substitution in the Arab‐Israeli conflict}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050628608434666},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {1986},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050628608434666},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050628608434666}}

@book{cruz2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Cruz, Arturo J},
	Publisher = {Palgrave},
	Title = {{Nicaragua's Conservative Republic, 1895--93}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Morrow1989,
	Author = {Morrow, James D.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Morrow - 1989 - Capabilities, Uncertainty, and Resolve A Limited Information Model of Crisis Bargaining.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {941--972},
	Title = {{Capabilities, Uncertainty, and Resolve: A Limited Information Model of Crisis Bargaining}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {1989}}

@book{burgess1926,
	Address = {Philadelphia},
	Author = {Burgess, Paul},
	Publisher = {Dorrance and Company},
	Title = {{Barrios, Justo Rufino; a biography}},
	Year = {1926}}

@book{locke1988,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Locke, John},
	Editor = {Laslett, Peter},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Two Treatises of Government}}}

@article{Pearlman2011,
	Author = {Pearlman, W. and Cunningham, K. G.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002711429669},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pearlman, Cunningham - 2011 - Nonstate Actors, Fragmentation, and Conflict Processes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--15},
	Title = {{Nonstate Actors, Fragmentation, and Conflict Processes}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002711429669},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002711429669},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002711429669}}

@article{Lebo2008,
	Author = {Lebo, MJ and Box‐Steffensmeier, JM},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lebo, Box‐Steffensmeier - 2008 - Dynamic Conditional Correlations in Political Science.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {\ldots Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {Methods},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Methods},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {688--704},
	Title = {{Dynamic Conditional Correlations in Political Science}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00337.x/full},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00337.x/full}}

@incollection{converse1964,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Converse, Philip E},
	Booktitle = {Ideology and Discontent},
	Editor = {Apter, David E},
	Pages = {206--261},
	Publisher = {Free Press},
	Title = {{The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics}},
	Year = {1964}}

@article{Hsiang2013,
	Author = {Hsiang, SM and Burke, Marshall and Miguel, Edward},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hsiang, Burke, Miguel - 2013 - Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Science},
	Number = {August},
	Title = {{Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict}},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Ardanaz2013,
	Author = {Ardanaz, Martin and Murillo, M. Victoria and Pinto, Pablo M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818313000076},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ardanaz, Murillo, Pinto - 2013 - Sensitivity to Issue Framing on Trade Policy Preferences Evidence from a Survey Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818313000},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Experiments in IR,IPE,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Experiments in IR,IPE,Public Attitudes,Trade},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {411--437},
	Title = {{Sensitivity to Issue Framing on Trade Policy Preferences: Evidence from a Survey Experiment}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818313000076},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818313000076},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000076}}

@article{Cardenas2000,
	Author = {Cardenas, Juan-Camilo},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cardenas - 2000 - How Do Groups Solve Local Commons Dilemmas Lessons from Experimental Economics in the Field.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment, Development and Sustainability},
	Pages = {305--322},
	Title = {{How Do Groups Solve Local Commons Dilemmas? Lessons from Experimental Economics in the Field}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{ratner2009,
	Author = {Ratner, Ely},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {390--418},
	Title = {{Reaping What You Sow: Democratic Transitions and Foreign Policy Realignment}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009}}

@book{simmel1955,
	Address = {Glencoe, IL},
	Annote = {Trans. Kurt H. Wolff},
	Author = {Simmel, Georg},
	Publisher = {Free Press},
	Title = {{Conflict}},
	Year = {1955}}

@article{James2006,
	Author = {James, Patrick and Park, Johann and Choi, Seung-Whan},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/James, Park, Choi - 2006 - Democracy and Conflict Management Territorial Claims in the Western Hemisphere Revisited.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Pages = {803--817},
	Title = {{Democracy and Conflict Management: Territorial Claims in the Western Hemisphere Revisited}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00426.x/full},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00426.x/full}}

@book{fortna2008,
	Address = {Princeton, N.J.},
	Author = {Fortna, Virginia Page},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Does Peacekeeping Work?: Shaping Belligerents' Choices after Civil War}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{HeePark2010,
	Author = {{Hee Park}, Jong},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00459.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hee Park - 2010 - Structural Change in U.S. Presidents' Use of Force.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {766--782},
	Title = {{Structural Change in U.S. Presidents' Use of Force}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00459.x},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00459.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00459.x}}

@article{Atkinson2006,
	Annote = {p. 511 - "As used by constructivists, state social- ization is a process whereby states' identities and interests are formed through international social interaction."

        

      },
	Author = {Atkinson, C},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Atkinson - 2006 - Constructivist Implications of Material Power Military Engagement and the Socialization of States, 1972 -- 2000.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {509--537},
	Title = {{Constructivist Implications of Material Power: Military Engagement and the Socialization of States, 1972 -- 2000}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00412.x/full},
	Volume = {50},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00412.x/full}}

@article{Allee2006a,
	Author = {Allee, Todd and Huth, Paul},
	Doi = {10.1080/07388940600972644},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Allee, Huth - 2006 - The Pursuit of Legal Settlements to Territorial Disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0738894060},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {285--307},
	Title = {{The Pursuit of Legal Settlements to Territorial Disputes}},
	Url = {http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/Index/10.1080/07388940600972644},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/Index/10.1080/07388940600972644},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388940600972644}}

@article{oliver2010,
	Annote = {available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f0451e8a-892f-11df-8ecd-00144feab49a.html\}},
	Author = {Oliver, Christian},
	Journal = {Financial Times},
	Title = {{North Korea: Drastic Dynastics}},
	Volume = {6 July 201},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{clarke05,
	Author = {Clarke, Kevin},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {341--352},
	Title = {{The Phantom Menace: Omitted Variable Bias in Econometric Research}},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Hauge1998,
	Abstract = {A great deal of recent writing has indicated that growing scarcities of renewable resources can con- tribute to conflict. Most of this research, however, suffers from two major methodological weaknesses: lack of variation in the independent and dependent variables, and the absence of control for other con- flict-generating factors. As one of the first large-N studies of the relationship between environmental degradation and domestic armed conflict, this article takes on these challenges. On the basis of a mul- tivariate analysis for all countries in the period 1980-92 we test and confirm the hypotheses (as indi- cated from various case-studies) that factors like deforestation, land degradation, and scarce supply of freshwater, alone and in combination with high population density, increase the risk of domestic armed conflict, especially low-level conflict. This holds true also when we control for economic and political factors, such as level of economic development and type of political regime. The latter variables, how- ever, prove more decisive than environmental scarcity in predicting the incidence of domestic armed conflict. The severity of such conflicts is better accounted for by military expenditure than by environ- mental degradation, poverty or non-democratic rule.},
	Author = {Hauge, W. and Ellingsen, T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hauge, Ellingsen - 1998 - Beyond Environmental Scarcity Causal Pathways to Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {299--317},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {{Beyond Environmental Scarcity: Causal Pathways to Conflict}},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{waltz1996,
	Author = {Waltz, Kenneth N},
	Journal = {Security Studies},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {54--57},
	Title = {{International Politics Is Not Foreign Policy}},
	Volume = {6},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Milton2005,
	Annote = {The study population was drawn from households in areas using tube wells with known arsenic concentrations.
Areas were randomly selected from the unpublished databaseof NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply \& Sanitation on water quality monitoring. These areas were served by a total of 223 tube wells: 85 tube wells in 29 villages in the Comilla district and 2 villages in the Chandpur district (approximately
110 km from Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh), and 138 tube wells in 43 villages in the Chuadanga district (approximately 300 km from Dhaka). These districts are known to be affected by arsenic, according to the British Geological Survey
report.11 The range of measured arsenic concentration in tube well water ranged from nondetectable to 1710 \_g/L. We obtained ethical approval from the Environmental Science discipline's Research Committee of The Khulna University.},
	Author = {Milton, Abul Hasnat and Smith, Wayne and Rahman, Bayzidur and Hasan, Ziaul and Kulsum, Umme and Dear, Keith and Rakibuddin, M and Ali, Azahar},
	Doi = {10.1097/01.ede.0000147105.94041.e6},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milton et al. - 2005 - Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1044-3983},
	Journal = {Epidemiology},
	Keywords = {IRB relevant,at IRB relevant},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {82--86},
	Title = {{Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage\&an=00001648-200501000-00012},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage%5C&an=00001648-200501000-00012},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000147105.94041.e6}}

@article{Dafoe2011,
	Annote = {- listwise deletion of cases for missing IMF values 
- inclusion of regional dummy variables 
- misuse of statistical technique for temporal dependence 
- 2 camps of critiques: confounding, and challenges to the assumption of independence. 
- 78\% of deleted observations had communist countries. 
- the democratic peace is notably stronger in samples that include the years 1950-65 and that include communist countries. },
	Author = {Dafoe, Allan},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dafoe - 2011 - Statistical Critiques of the Democratic Peace Caveat Emptor.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {247--262},
	Title = {{Statistical Critiques of the Democratic Peace: Caveat Emptor}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00487.x}}

@article{Milner2013a,
	Author = {Milner, Helen V. and Tingley, Dustin},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050629.2013.784090},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Milner and Tingley 2013 Public Opinion and Foreign Aid- A Review Essay.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {389--401},
	Title = {{Public Opinion and Foreign Aid: A Review Essay}},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2013.784090}}

@article{alesinaozlerroubiniandswagel1996,
	Author = {Alesina, A and Ozler, S and Roubini, N and Swagel, P},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {189--211},
	Title = {{Political Instability and Economic Growth}},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Massey1993,
	Author = {Massey, D.S. and Arango, J. and Hugo, G. and Kouaouci, A. and Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J.E.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey et al. - 1993 - Theories of international migration a review and appraisal.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population and Development Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {431--466},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2938462},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2938462}}

@book{Ray1995,
	Address = {Columbia},
	Author = {Ray, James Lee},
	Publisher = {University of South Carolina Press},
	Title = {{Democracy and International Conflict: An Evaluation of the Democratic Peace Proposition}},
	Year = {1995}}

@misc{icb2007,
	Author = {{International Crisis Behavior Project}},
	Howpublished = {Online, $\backslash$url\{www.cidcm.umd.edu/icb/\}},
	Title = {{ICB Version 7.0 (1918-2004)}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Horowitz2011,
	Author = {Horowitz, Michael C. and Levendusky, Matthew S.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0022381611000119},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Horowitz, Levendusky - 2011 - Drafting Support for War Conscription and Mass Support for Warfare.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = may,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {524--534},
	Title = {{Drafting Support for War: Conscription and Mass Support for Warfare}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381611000119},
	Volume = {73},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381611000119},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381611000119}}

@article{ray2001,
	Author = {Ray, James Lee},
	Journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {355--388},
	Title = {{Intergrating Levels of Analysis in World Politics}},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2001}}

@book{carr1946,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Carr, Edward Hallett},
	Publisher = {Harper \& Row},
	Title = {{The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919--1939}},
	Year = {1946}}

@book{Barthwal-Datta2012,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Barthwal-Datta, Monika},
	Publisher = {Routledge},
	Title = {{Understanding Security Practices in South Asia: Securitization Theory and the Role of Non-State Actors}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{hopf1991,
	Author = {Hopf, Ted},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {475--493},
	Title = {{Polarity, the Offense Defense Balance, and War}},
	Volume = {85},
	Year = {1991}}

@techreport{Raleigh2008a,
	Annote = {GO BACK TO PAGE 42 (OF THE PDF)},
	Author = {Raleigh, Clionadh and Jordan, Lisa and Salehyan, Idean},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Raleigh, Jordan, Salehyan - 2008 - Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {The World Bank Group},
	Title = {{Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{gehlbachandkeefer2012,
	Author = {Gehlbach, Scott and Keefer, Philip},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {621--635},
	Title = {{Private Investment and the Institutionalization of Collective Action in Autocracies: Ruling Parties and Legislatures}},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012}}

@book{simmel1955,
	Address = {Glencoe, IL},
	Annote = {Trans. Kurt H. Wolff},
	Author = {Simmel, Georg},
	Publisher = {Free Press},
	Title = {{Conflict}},
	Year = {1955}}

@article{QuirozFlores2012,
	Author = {{Quiroz Flores}, Alejandro and Smith, Alastair},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0007123412000609},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Quiroz Flores, Smith - 2012 - Leader Survival and Natural Disasters.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0007123412000},
	Issn = {0007-1234},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {821--843},
	Title = {{Leader Survival and Natural Disasters}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123412000609}}

@article{Mayer1984,
	Author = {Mayer, Wolfgang},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mayer - 1984 - Endogenous tariff formation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {970--985},
	Title = {{Endogenous tariff formation}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/556},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {1984},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/556}}

@article{Simpser2012,
	Author = {Simpser, Alberto and Donno, Daniela},
	Doi = {10.1017/S002238161100168X},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Simpser, Donno - 2012 - Can International Election Monitoring Harm Governance.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {501--513},
	Title = {{Can International Election Monitoring Harm Governance?}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002238161100168X},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002238161100168X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002238161100168X}}

@article{Byman2001,
	Annote = {Waltz was wrong: human nature is a variable, not a constant. Possible that variance in personality traits explains differences in IR, and could be generalizable. Parsimony is not preferable to accurary of prediction/explanation. State intentions do matter. Hitler's unique goals caused World War II; Otto von Bismarck and Wilhelm II faced the same threat environment but pursued drastically different foreign policies (OvB maintained peace; Wilhelm II destroyed alliances); Napolean caused French Revolution; Saddam and Al-Asad (Syria) were both brutal dictators, but differences in foreign policies (Saddam being reckless) is best explained by personalities; Khomeini causes Iran-Iraq War to last 6 years longer than it should have.

        
Offers 4 groups of hypotheses falling in the categories of: Foundational, Personality Traits, Enabling Factors, and Interacting Images.},
	Author = {Byman, DL and Pollack, KM},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Byman, Pollack - 2001 - Let Us Now Praise Great Men Bringing the Statesmen Back In.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {107--146},
	Title = {{Let Us Now Praise Great Men: Bringing the Statesmen Back In}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/01622880151091916},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/01622880151091916}}

@article{wardgreenhillandbakke2010,
	Author = {Ward, Michael D and Greenhill, Brian D and Bakke, Kristin M},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {363--375},
	Title = {{The Perils of Policy by P--Value: Predicting Civil Conflicts}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{breslauer2002,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Breslauer, George W},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders}},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Fearon2009,
	Author = {Fearon, JD and Humphreys, M and Weinstein, Jeremy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Humphreys, Weinstein - 2009 - Can Development Aid Contribute to Social cohesion after civil war Evidence from a Field Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {287--291},
	Title = {{Can Development Aid Contribute to Social cohesion after civil war? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25592413},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25592413}}

@article{Friedrichs2009,
	Author = {Friedrichs, J\"{o}rg and Kratochwil, Friedrich},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818309990142},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Friedrichs, Kratochwil - 2009 - On Acting and Knowing How Pragmatism Can Advance International Relations Research and Methodology.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Methods},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Methods},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {701},
	Title = {{On Acting and Knowing: How Pragmatism Can Advance International Relations Research and Methodology}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990142},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818309990142},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309990142}}

@article{muelleandrissekappen1987,
	Author = {Mueller, Harald and Risse-Kappen, Thomas},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {52--88},
	Title = {{Origins of Estrangement: The Peace Movement and the Changed Image of America in West Germany}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {1987}}

@article{gooch2005,
	Author = {Gooch, John},
	Journal = {Journal of Strategic Studies},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1005--1032},
	Title = {{Re-conquest and Suppression: Fascist Italy's Pacification of Libya and Ethiopia, 1922--39}},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2005}}

@book{gray2011,
	Address = {Carlisle, PA},
	Author = {Gray, Colin},
	Publisher = {Strategic Studies Institute Monographs},
	Shorttitle = {Hard Power and Soft Power},
	Title = {{Hard Power and Soft Power: The Utility of Military Force as an Instrument of Policy in the 21st Century}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Cederman2013,
	Author = {Cederman, Lars-Erik and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede and Salehyan, Idean and Wucherpfennig, Julian},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818313000064},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cederman et al. - 2013 - Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818313000},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {Civil War},
	Mendeley-Tags = {Civil War},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {389--410},
	Title = {{Transborder Ethnic Kin and Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818313000064},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818313000064},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000064}}

@article{Salehyan2006,
	Annote = {Salehyan, Idean, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. 2006. Refugees and the Spread of Civil War. International Organization
        60 (02): 335--366.
[C]ountries that experience an influx of refugees from neighboring states are significantly more likely to experience civil wars themselves (338). [R]efugees can lead to the spread of violence through the expansion of rebel social networks and by posing negative externalities for receiving areas (339). 

        

      },
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818306060103},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan, Gleditsch - 2006 - Refugees and the Spread of Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {335--366},
	Title = {{Refugees and the Spread of Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818306060103},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818306060103},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818306060103}}

@article{miller1999,
	Author = {Miller, Ross A},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {388--402},
	Title = {{Regime Type, Strategic Interaction, and the Diversionary Use of Force}},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{McGinnis2000,
	Author = {McGinnis, Michael D.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002700044001004},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/FP Substitutability/McGinnis 2000 Policy Substitutability in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies A Model of Individual Choice and International Response.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {62--89},
	Title = {{Policy Substitutability in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: A Model of Individual Choice and International Response}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002700044001004}}

@book{salehyan2009,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Rebels Without Borders: Transnational Insurgencies in World Politics}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Luttwak2013,
	Author = {Luttwak, Edward N},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Luttwak - 2013 - Give War a Chance.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {36--44},
	Title = {{Give War a Chance}},
	Volume = {78},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{Mandisodza2004,
	Author = {Mandisodza, Anesu N},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mandisodza - 2004 - PUBLIC OPINION ON FOREIGN POLICY THE MULTILATERAL PUBLIC THAT PERCEIVES ITSELF AS UNILATERAL ALEXANDER TODOROV.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {323--348},
	Title = {{PUBLIC OPINION ON FOREIGN POLICY THE MULTILATERAL PUBLIC THAT PERCEIVES ITSELF AS UNILATERAL ALEXANDER TODOROV}},
	Volume = {68},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Gray2009a,
	Author = {Gray, Julia},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00409.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gray - 2009 - International Organization as a Seal of Approval European Union Accession and Investor Risk.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Keywords = {IOs,IPE},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs,IPE},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {931--949},
	Title = {{International Organization as a Seal of Approval: European Union Accession and Investor Risk}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00409.x},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00409.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00409.x}}

@book{finnemore2003,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {Finnemore, Martha},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{vedrine2000,
	Author = {V\'{e}drine, Hubert},
	Journal = {Les Notes de la Fondation Jean-Jaur\`{e}s},
	Pages = {13--34},
	Title = {{L'Hyperpuissance Am\'{e}ricanine}},
	Volume = {No. 17},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{braumoeller2003,
	Author = {Braumoeller, B F},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {Fall},
	Pages = {807--820},
	Title = {{Hypothesis testing and multiplicative interaction terms}},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Simmons2002,
	Author = {Simmons, Beth A.},
	Doi = {10.1177/002200202237931},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Simmons - 2002 - Capacity, Commitment, and Compliance International Institutions and Territorial Disputes.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0022002022},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {829--856},
	Title = {{Capacity, Commitment, and Compliance: International Institutions and Territorial Disputes}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/002200202237931},
	Volume = {46},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/002200202237931},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200202237931}}

@article{Bernauer2012a,
	Author = {Bernauer, Thomas and B\"{o}hmelt, Tobias and Koubi, Vally},
	Doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/015601},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bernauer, B\"{o}hmelt, Koubi - 2012 - Environmental changes and violent conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1748-9326},
	Journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	Keywords = {adaptation,environmental changes,migration,violent conflict},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--8},
	Title = {{Environmental changes and violent conflict}},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/015601}}

@article{Mueller2013,
	Author = {Mueller, John and Stewart, Mark G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mueller, Stewart - 2013 - The Terrorism Delusion America ' s Overwrought Response to The Terrorism Delusion.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {81--110},
	Title = {{The Terrorism Delusion : America ' s Overwrought Response to The Terrorism Delusion}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2013}}

@article{middenandverplanken1990,
	Author = {Midden, Cees J H and Verplanken, Bas},
	Journal = {Journal of Environmental Psychology},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {111--119},
	Title = {{The Stability of Nuclear Attitudes after \{Chernobyl\}}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1990}}

@book{schwarz1991,
	Address = {Santa Monica, CA},
	Author = {Schwarz, Benjamin C},
	Publisher = {RAND Corporation},
	Title = {{American Counterinsurgency Doctrine and El Salvador: The Frustrations of Reform and the Illusions of Nation Building}},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{iacuskingandporro2012,
	Author = {Iacus, Stefano M and King, Gary and Porro, Giuseppe},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Number = {Winter},
	Pages = {1--24},
	Title = {{Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Fearon2007a,
	Author = {Fearon, James D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon - 2007 - Fighting rather than Bargaining.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {1--34},
	Title = {{Fighting rather than Bargaining}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{joffe2001,
	Author = {Joffe, Josef},
	Journal = {National Interest},
	Number = {Summer},
	Pages = {43--52},
	Title = {{Who's Afraid of \{Mr.\} \{B\}ig?}},
	Volume = {Issue 64},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Waltz1990,
	Author = {Waltz, Kenneth N.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Waltz - 1990 - Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of International Affairs},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {21--37},
	Title = {{Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory}},
	Url = {http://labmundo.org/disciplinas/WALTZ\_realist\_thought\_and\_neorealist\_theory.pdf},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://labmundo.org/disciplinas/WALTZ%5C_realist%5C_thought%5C_and%5C_neorealist%5C_theory.pdf}}

@article{Vasquez1997,
	Author = {Vasquez, JA},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vasquez - 1997 - The Realist Paradigm and Degenerative versus Progressive Research Programs An Appraisal of Neotraditional Research on W.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {899--912},
	Title = {{The Realist Paradigm and Degenerative versus Progressive Research Programs: An Appraisal of Neotraditional Research on Waltz's Balancing Proposition}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2952172},
	Volume = {91},
	Year = {1997},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2952172}}

@article{gleditschandward1997,
	Author = {Gleditsch, Kristian S and Ward, Michael D},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {361--383},
	Title = {{Double Take: A Reexamination of Democracy and Autocracy in Modern Polities}},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1997}}

@unpublished{kingmurraysalomontandon2003,
	Annote = {Typescript, Harvard University},
	Author = {King, Gary and Murray, Christopher J L and Salomon, Joshua A and Tandon, Ajay},
	Title = {{Enhancing the Validity and Cross--Cultural Comparability of Measurement in Survey Research}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{sarkees2000,
	Annote = {$\backslash$url\{http://www.correlatesofwar.org/\}},
	Author = {Sarkees, Meredith Reid},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {123--144},
	Title = {{The Correlates of War Data on War: An Update to 1997}},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Paton2001a,
	Author = {Paton, Douglas and Millar, Marian and Johnston, David},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Paton, Millar, Johnston - 2001 - Community Resilience to Volcanic Hazard Consequences.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Natural Hazards},
	Keywords = {community,resilience,risk perception,ruapehu,volcanic hazard},
	Pages = {157--169},
	Title = {{Community Resilience to Volcanic Hazard Consequences}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Johnson2012,
	Author = {Johnson, Tana and Urpelainen, Johannes},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818312000264},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Johnson, Urpelainen - 2012 - A Strategic Theory of Regime Integration and Separation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Keywords = {IOs},
	Mendeley-Tags = {IOs},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {645--677},
	Title = {{A Strategic Theory of Regime Integration and Separation}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000264},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818312000264},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818312000264}}

@book{putnamwithleonardiandnanetti1993,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Author = {Putnam, Robert D and with Leonardi, Robert and Nanetti, Raffaella Y},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy}},
	Year = {1993}}

@book{gambino2003,
	Address = {Roma},
	Author = {Gambino, Antonio},
	Publisher = {Editori Riuniti},
	Title = {{Perch\'{e} Oggi Non Possiamo Non Dirci Antiamericani: Colloquio con Marco Galeazzi}},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{coser1956,
	Address = {Glencoe, IL},
	Author = {Coser, Lewis A},
	Publisher = {Free Press},
	Title = {{The Functions of Social Conflict}},
	Year = {1956}}

@article{Dun,
	Author = {Dun, Olivia and Gemenne, Fran\c{c}ois},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dun, Gemenne - Unknown - Defining ` environmental migration '.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {10--11},
	Title = {{Defining ` environmental migration '}}}

@article{debsandgoemans2010,
	Author = {Debs, Alexandre and Goemans, H.\~{}E.},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {430--445},
	Title = {{Regime Type, the Fate of Leaders, and War}},
	Volume = {104},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Cardenas2008a,
	Author = {Cardenas, Juan Camilo and Carpenter, Jeffrey},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cardenas, Carpenter - 2008 - Behavioural Development Economics Lessons from Field Labs in the Developing World.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {311--338},
	Title = {{Behavioural Development Economics: Lessons from Field Labs in the Developing World}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{McKibben2013,
	Author = {McKibben, Heather Elko},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00628.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McKibben - 2013 - The Effects of Structures and Power on State Bargaining Strategies.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00925853},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {411--427},
	Title = {{The Effects of Structures and Power on State Bargaining Strategies}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00628.x},
	Volume = {57},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00628.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00628.x}}

@article{Winters2013,
	Author = {Winters, Matthew S.},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050629.2013.784071},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Brett's IR Seminar/Sources/Winters 2013 Introduction.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {386--389},
	Title = {{Introduction}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629.2013.784071},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629.2013.784071},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2013.784071}}

@article{Gent2007,
	Author = {Gent, SE},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gent - 2007 - Strange Bedfellows The Strategic Dynamics of Major Power Military Interventions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1089--1102},
	Title = {{Strange Bedfellows: The Strategic Dynamics of Major Power Military Interventions}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00609.x/full},
	Volume = {69},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00609.x/full}}

@misc{greene-william-2002,
	Annote = {Volume 1},
	Author = {Greene, William H},
	Howpublished = {Plainview, NY: Econometric Software, Inc.},
	Title = {{LIMDEP version 8.0: Econometric modeling guide}},
	Year = {2002}}

@incollection{mcadam2007,
	Address = {Ithaca, NY},
	Author = {McAdam, Doug},
	Booktitle = {Anti-\{A\}mericanisms in World Politics},
	Chapter = {9},
	Editor = {Katzenstein, Peter J and Keohane, Robert O},
	Pages = {251--269},
	Publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	Title = {{Legacies of Anti-\{A\}mericanism: A Sociological Perspective}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Allison1969,
	Author = {Allison, GT},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Allison - 1969 - Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Political Science Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {689--718},
	Title = {{Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1954423},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {1969},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1954423}}

@article{acheson1965-alternate,
	Author = {Acheson, Dean},
	Pages = {SM24},
	Shorttitle = {The American Image},
	Title = {{The American Image Will Take Care of Itself}}}

@article{Brown,
	Author = {Brown, D.D. and Kulig, J.C.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brown, Kulig - Unknown - The Concept of Resiliency Theoretical Lessons from Community Research.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Health and Canadian Society},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--50},
	Publisher = {Health and Canadian Society},
	Title = {{The Concept of Resiliency: Theoretical Lessons from Community Research}},
	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:The+Concept+of+Resiliency:+Theoretical+Lessons+from+Community+Research\#0},
	Volume = {4},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%5C&btnG=Search%5C&q=intitle:The+Concept+of+Resiliency:+Theoretical+Lessons+from+Community+Research%5C#0}}

@article{Hafner-Burton2005,
	Author = {Hafner-Burton, Emilie M.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818305050216},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hafner-Burton - 2005 - Trading Human Rights How Preferential Trade Agreements Influence Government Repression.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {0020818305050},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {593--629},
	Title = {{Trading Human Rights: How Preferential Trade Agreements Influence Government Repression}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818305050216},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818305050216},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050216}}

@article{Barnett2003,
	Abstract = {Despite it being the most studied and arguably most profound of global environmental change problems, there is relatively little research that explores climate change as a security issue. This paper systematically explores the range of possible connections between climate change and security, including national security considerations, human security concerns, military roles, and a discussion of the widely held assumption that climate change may trigger violent conflict. The paper explains the ways in which climate change is a security issue. It includes in its discussion issues to do with both mitigation and adaptation of climate change.},
	Author = {Barnett, J},
	Doi = {10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00080-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett - 2003 - Security and Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09593780},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	Keywords = {1,become security,climate change,conflict,delimiting security,human security,including,introduction,national security,problems is now well,recognised in policy,that environmental problems can},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--17},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {{Security and Climate Change}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378002000808 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378002000808},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378002000808%20http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378002000808},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00080-8}}

@article{Smith1995,
	Author = {Smith, A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Smith - 1995 - Alliance Formation and War.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {405--425},
	Title = {{Alliance Formation and War}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2600800},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2600800}}

@article{kingaltburnsandlaver1990,
	Author = {King, Gary and Alt, James E and Burns, Nancy Elizabeth and Laver, Michael},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {846--871},
	Title = {{A Unified Model of Cabinet Dissolution in Parliamentary Democracies}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{becketal2001,
	Author = {Beck, Thorsten and Clarke, George and Groff, Alberto and Keefer, Philip and Walsh, Patrick},
	Journal = {World Bank Economic Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {165--176},
	Title = {{New Tools in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of Political Institutions}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2001}}

@unpublished{Coan,
	Author = {Coan, Travis G. and Holman, Mirya R.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coan, Holman - Unknown - Evaluating Political and Environmental Behavior in the Face of a Green Crisis An Experimental Analysis - DO NOT.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{Evaluating Political and Environmental Behavior in the Face of a Green Crisis: An Experimental Analysis - DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION}},
	Volume = {01}}

@article{alesinanadperotti1996,
	Author = {Alesina, Alberto and Perotti, Roberto},
	Journal = {European Economic Review},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1203--1228},
	Title = {{Income Distribution, Political Instability, and Investment}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{smith1996,
	Author = {Smith, Alastair},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {133--153},
	Title = {{Diversionary Foreign Policy in Democratic Systems}},
	Volume = {40},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{fidrmuc-03,
	Author = {Fidrmuc, Jan},
	Journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {583--604},
	Title = {{Economic Reform, Democracy and Growth during Post-Communist Transition}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{G.Brooks2005,
	Annote = {Soft balancing: tacit balancing short of formal alliances. Proponents of soft balancing (Pape) fail to consider alternative explanations. No empirical evaluation of soft balancing; must distinguish between policy bargaining and balancing. Thus far, no evidence of soft balancing.},
	Author = {{G. Brooks}, Stephen and Wohlforth, William C.},
	Doi = {10.1162/0162288054894634},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/G. Brooks, Wohlforth - 2005 - Hard Times for Soft Balancing.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0162-2889},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {72--108},
	Title = {{Hard Times for Soft Balancing}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/0162288054894634},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/0162288054894634},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0162288054894634}}

@book{kaplanandkristol2003,
	Address = {San Francisco, CA},
	Author = {Kaplan, Lawrence F and Kristol, William},
	Publisher = {Encounter Books},
	Title = {{The War over Iraq: Saddam's Tyranny and America's Mission}},
	Year = {2003}}

@unpublished{kohut2003,
	Annote = {Available at $\backslash$href\{http://people-press.org/commentary/display.php3?AnalysisID=63\}\{$\backslash$url\{http://people-press.org/commentary/display.php3?AnalysisID=63\}\}},
	Author = {Kohut, Andrew},
	Title = {{American Public Diplomacy in the Islamic World}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{limengraghunathanrubin1991,
	Author = {Li, Kim-Hung and Meng, Xiao-Li and Raghunathan, T E and Rubin, Donald B},
	Journal = {Statistica Sinica},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {65--92},
	Title = {{Significance Levels from Repeated $\backslash$textit\{p\}-Values with Multiply-Imputed Data}},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1991}}

@incollection{Hauge2001,
	Address = {Boulder},
	Author = {Tir, Jaroslav and Diehl, Paul F.},
	Booktitle = {Environmental Conflict},
	Editor = {Diehl, Paul F. and Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	Pages = {58--83},
	Publisher = {Westview Press},
	Title = {{Demographic Pressure and Interstate Conflict}},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Geddes1990,
	Author = {Geddes, Barbara},
	Doi = {10.1093/pan/2.1.131},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Geddes - 1990 - How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get Selection Bias in Comparative Politics.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1047-1987},
	Journal = {Political Analysis},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {131--150},
	Title = {{How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get: Selection Bias in Comparative Politics}},
	Url = {http://pan.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/pan/2.1.131},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1990},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pan.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/pan/2.1.131},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/2.1.131}}

@article{lapper2006,
	Author = {Lapper, Richard},
	Journal = {Financial Times},
	Pages = {7},
	Title = {{Chavez Vows to Build Up Arms as US Relations Reach Lowest Ebb}},
	Volume = {6 February},
	Year = {2006}}

@book{english2000,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {English, Robert D},
	Publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	Title = {{Russia and the Idea of the West: Gorbachev, Intellectuals, and the End of the Cold War}},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Woodruff2007a,
	Author = {Woodruff, Christopher and Zenteno, Rene},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.03.006},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Woodruff, Zenteno - 2007 - Migration networks and microenterprises in Mexico.pdf:pdf},
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	Keywords = {capital networks,microenterprises,migration,remittances},
	Pages = {509--528},
	Title = {{Migration networks and microenterprises in Mexico}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.03.006}}

@article{Kono2008,
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	Issn = {0022-3816},
	Journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {942},
	Title = {{Democracy and Trade Discrimination}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0022381608080985},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0022381608080985},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608080985}}

@article{huthandrussett1993,
	Author = {Huth, Paul and Russett, Bruce},
	Journal = {American Political Science Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {61--73},
	Title = {{General Deterrence Between Enduring Rivals: Testing Three Competing Models}},
	Volume = {87},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Ostrom2010,
	Author = {Ostrom, Elinor},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ostrom - 2010 - Beyond Markets and States Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Keywords = {ostrom},
	Number = {June},
	Pages = {1--33},
	Title = {{Beyond Markets and States : Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems}},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Sagan1997,
	Author = {Sagan, Scott D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sagan - 1997 - Why Do States Build Nuclear Weapons Three Models in Search of a Bomb.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {54--86},
	Title = {{Why Do States Build Nuclear Weapons? Three Models in Search of a Bomb}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/isec.21.3.54},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {1997},
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@book{ignatieff2005,
	Address = {Princeton, NJ},
	Editor = {Ignatieff, Michael},
	Publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	Title = {{American Exceptionalism and Human Rights}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{diehl1985,
	Author = {Diehl, Paul F},
	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {1203--1211},
	Title = {{Contiguity and military escalation in major power rivalries}},
	Volume = {47},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Moore2000,
	Author = {Moore, Will H.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002700044001006},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Dropbox/Work with Brett/Lit Review Sources/FP Substitutability/Moore 2000 The Repression of Dissent- A Substitution Model of Government Coercion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {107--127},
	Title = {{The Repression of Dissent: A Substitution Model of Government Coercion}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002700044001006}}

@article{Leventoglu2008,
	Annote = {Private info not sufficient to cause war
Impatience is a crucial factor

      },
	Author = {Leventoglu, Bahar and Tarar, Ahmer},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Leventoglu, Tarar - 2008 - Does Private Information Lead to Delay or War in Crisis Bargaining.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Pages = {533--553},
	Title = {{Does Private Information Lead to Delay or War in Crisis Bargaining?}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00514.x/full},
	Volume = {52},
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@article{Bearce2010,
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	Month = jul,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {837--851},
	Title = {{Foreign Aid Effectiveness and the Strategic Goals of Donor Governments}},
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@book{farcau1996,
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	Author = {Farcau, Bruce W},
	Publisher = {Praeger},
	Title = {{The Chaco War: Bolivia and Paraguay, 1932--1935}},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{milner1998,
	Author = {Milner, Helen V},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {759--786},
	Title = {{Rationalizing Politics: The Emerging Synthesis of International, American, and Comparative Politics}},
	Volume = {52},
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@article{Goldstein2007,
	Annote = {Goldstein, Judith L., Douglas Rivers, and Michael Tomz. 2007. ``Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and the WTO on World Trade." International Organization 61: 37-67. 

        
When and how do int'l inst. promote coop? Looks at GATT and WTO since WWII, organized around institutional standing (rights and obligations) and institutional embeddedness.  Some states had institutional standing w/out even signing. GATT/WTO substantially increased trade for countries w/ institutional standing. There is a gap b/w theory and empirical evidence. 

        
Standing differs from membership in 2 ways: some agreements give rights to territories/groups that never signed; even formal members do not accept all parts of an agreement as binding on themselves. By signing Article XXXV states could opt out of parts of the agreement with respect to certain other countries (Japan was the target of this in 1955). Some signatories had less standing (narrower rights and obligations) than others.

        
GRT offer a test of the hierarchy hypothesis (that other agreements can supersede the WTO) in the absence and in the presence of other commercial pacts: colonial trade preferences, bidirectional preferential trade agreements, and unidirectional agreements. They use a gravity model (p. 47). 

        
Classify countries as formal members, nonmember participants, or nonparticipants. Analysis confirms that GATT/WTO has indeed transformed postwar trade, though both the timing and the distribution of the effects are surprising. Increased for both formal members and nonmember participants. Participation seems to benefit all countries, no matter their level of development. 

        
But does the WTO matter in the presence of other agreements? Four other agreements in descending hierarchy: colonial relationships; reciprocal PTAs; GATT/WTO; nonreciprocal agreements. WTO exerts effects independent or above other arrangements. 

        
Real innovation of article is including nonmember participants in analysis of international cooperation. Future research could look at nonmember participation in financial/environmental/military agreements. 

      },
	Author = {Goldstein, Judith L. and Rivers, Douglas and Tomz, Michael},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818307070014},
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {37--67},
	Title = {{Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and the WTO on World Trade}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818307070014},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2007},
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	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818307070014}}

@book{clapham1899,
	Address = {London},
	Annote = {Available online through Google Books},
	Author = {Clapham, John Herald.},
	Publisher = {C. J. Clay and Sons},
	Title = {{The Causes of the War of 1792}},
	Year = {1899}}

@article{londreganandpoole1990,
	Author = {Londregan, John B and Poole, Keith T},
	Journal = {World Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {151--183},
	Title = {{Poverty, The Coup Trap, and the Seizure of Executive Power}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{LeBillon2001,
	Author = {{Le Billon}, Philippe},
	Doi = {10.1016/S0962-6298(01)00015-4},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Le Billon - 2001 - The political ecology of war natural resources and armed conflicts.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {- see front matter,01,0962-6298,2001 elsevier science ltd,44-1865-279-751,all rights reserved,armed conflict,com,dependence,e-mail address,hotmail,le billon,lebillon,natural resources,p,political ecology,tel,war},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {561--584},
	Title = {{The political ecology of war: natural resources and armed conflicts}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0962-6298(01)00015-4}}

@article{abbott2001internationalstandards,
	Author = {Abbott, K.W. and Snidal, D.},
	Journal = {Journal of European Public Policy},
	Number = {3; SPI},
	Pages = {345--370},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis; 1999},
	Title = {{Internationalstandards' and international governance}},
	Url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract\_id=1550889},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract%5C_id=1550889}}

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	Number = {4},
	Pages = {463:479},
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	Volume = {36},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Donno2010,
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	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {04},
	Pages = {593--625},
	Title = {{Who Is Punished? Regional Intergovernmental Organizations and the Enforcement of Democratic Norms}},
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	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
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@article{Publicationsa,
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	Title = {{Alliances , Credibility , and Peacetime Costs}},
	Volume = {3}}

@article{Smith2008,
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	Issn = {0022-3816},
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	Month = jul,
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@book{almond1960,
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	Mendeley-Tags = {Diffusion,Gender Quotas,Norms},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {179--209},
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	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818312000045},
	Volume = {66},
	Year = {2012},
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@article{davis2012,
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	Pages = {49--66},
	Title = {{Prospects for Nuclear Power}},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{economist2012,
	Author = {Economist},
	Journal = {The Economist},
	Pages = {Available at $\backslash$url\{http://www.economist.com/node/21}},
	Title = {{Nuclear Power: The Dream That Failed}},
	Volume = {March 10},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{gweon2004,
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	Journal = {\{K\}orea Journal},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {152--177},
	Title = {{The Changing Perception of America in \{S\}outh \{K\}orea: Transition or Transformation?}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2004}}

@book{elman1997,
	Address = {Cambridge, MA},
	Editor = {Elman, Miriam Fendius},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {{Paths to Peace: Is Democracy the Answer?}},
	Year = {1997}}

@unpublished{Valsecchi2011,
	Author = {Valsecchi, Michele},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Valsecchi - 2011 - Land Property Rights and International Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {University of Gothenburg},
	Pages = {1--77},
	Title = {{Land Property Rights and International Migration}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{tukey1969,
	Author = {Tukey, John W},
	Journal = {American Psychologist},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {83--91},
	Title = {{Analyzing Data: Sanctification or Detective Work?}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {1969}}

@article{Goertz2005,
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	Mendeley-Tags = {IPE,Norms,Trade},
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	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818309990245},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2010},
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@article{Cornwell2002,
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	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Pages = {325--354},
	Title = {{Holy Trinities , Rivalry Termination , and Conflict}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050620214757},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050620214757}}

@article{Bennett1997,
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	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {369--397},
	Title = {{Democracy, Regime Change, and Rivalry Termination}},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Hewitt2005,
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	Doi = {10.1177/0022343305050690},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hewitt - 2005 - A Crisis-Density Formulation for Identifying Rivalries.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
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	Number = {2},
	Pages = {183--200},
	Title = {{A Crisis-Density Formulation for Identifying Rivalries}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343305050690},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2005},
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	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343305050690}}

@article{Goertz2005,
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	Year = {2005},
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@article{Morey2011,
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	Issn = {00925853},
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	Month = apr,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {263--275},
	Title = {{When War Brings Peace: A Dynamic Model of the Rivalry Process}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00488.x},
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	Year = {2011},
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@article{Vasquez2001,
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	Journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	Keywords = {abstract the study of,and new research on,contributions to,in the,interstate rivalry,is reviewed,militarized disputes,of rivalries is presented,origin and war proneness,power politics,recent research has shown,rivalry,territory,that states,the role of territory,theory and research on,war,which has made major},
	Pages = {295--316},
	Title = {{The Origins and War Proneness of Interstate Rivalries}},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Prins2007,
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	Issn = {0007-1234},
	Journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {17--43},
	Title = {{Committed To Peace: Liberal Institutions and the Termination of Rivalry}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0007123408000021},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0007123408000021},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000021}}

@article{Stinnett2001,
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	Journal = {Journal of Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {717--740},
	Title = {{The path (s) to rivalry: Behavioral and structural explanations of rivalry development}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0022-3816.00085/abstract},
	Volume = {63},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/0022-3816.00085/abstract}}

@article{McLaughlinMitchell2011,
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	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {230--260},
	Title = {{Issue Rivalries}},
	Url = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0738894211404794},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0738894211404794},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894211404794}}

@article{Crescenzi2009,
	Author = {Crescenzi, Mark J.C.},
	Doi = {10.1017/S1537592709990685},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Crescenzi - 2009 - The Steps to War An Empirical Study. By Paul D. Senese and John A. Vasquez. Princeton Princeton University Press, 200.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1537-5927},
	Journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {03},
	Pages = {723},
	Title = {{The Steps to War: An Empirical Study. By Paul D. Senese and John A. Vasquez. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. 314p. \$60.00 cloth, \$26.95 paper.}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S1537592709990685},
	Volume = {7},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S1537592709990685},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709990685}}

@article{Rider2011,
	Author = {Rider, T. J. and Findley, M. G. and Diehl, P. F.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343310389505},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rider, Findley, Diehl - 2011 - Just part of the game Arms races, rivalry, and war.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {85--100},
	Title = {{Just part of the game? Arms races, rivalry, and war}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343310389505},
	Volume = {48},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343310389505},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343310389505}}

@article{Tadjalli-mehr2003,
	Author = {Tadjalli-mehr, Keyvan and Becker, Nikolaus and Rahu, Mati and Stengrevics, Aivars and Kurtinaitis, Juozas and Hakama, Matti},
	Doi = {10.1080/02841860310011852},
	File = {::},
	Isbn = {0284186031},
	Issn = {0284-186X},
	Journal = {Acta Oncologica},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {287--293},
	Title = {{Randomized Trial with Fruits and Vegetables in Prevention of Cancer}},
	Url = {http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02841860310011852},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02841860310011852},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841860310011852}}

@article{Ma2009,
	Abstract = {Dietary therapy has been proposed as a cost effective and noninvasive means of reducing the risk of prostate cancer (PC) and its progression. There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of PC. This article systematically reviews the data for dietary-based therapy in the prevention of PC, as well as in the management of patients with PC, aiming to provide clarity surrounding the role of diet in preventing and treating PC. Although conclusive evidence is limited, the current data are indicative that a diet low in fat, high in vegetables and fruits, and avoiding high energy intake, excessive meat, excessive dairy products and calcium intake, is possibly effective in preventing PC. However, caution must be taken to ensure that members of the public do not take excessive amounts of dietary supplements because there may be adverse affects associated with their over consumption. The dietary recommendations for patients diagnosed with PC are similar to those aiming to reduce their risk of PC.},
	Author = {Ma, R W-L and Chapman, K},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-277X.2009.00946.x},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1365-277X},
	Journal = {Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association},
	Keywords = {Diet,Humans,Male,Prostatic Neoplasms,Prostatic Neoplasms: diet therapy,Prostatic Neoplasms: etiology,Prostatic Neoplasms: prevention \& control,Risk Factors},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {187--99; quiz 200--2},
	Pmid = {19344379},
	Title = {{A systematic review of the effect of diet in prostate cancer prevention and treatment.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19344379},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19344379},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277X.2009.00946.x}}

@article{Norat2005,
	Abstract = {Current evidence suggests that high red meat intake is associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. High fish intake may be associated with a decreased risk, but the existing evidence is less convincing.},
	Author = {Norat, Teresa and Bingham, Sheila and Ferrari, Pietro and Slimani, Nadia and Jenab, Mazda and Mazuir, Mathieu and Overvad, Kim and Olsen, Anja and Tj\o nneland, Anne and Clavel, Francoise and Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and Kesse, Emmanuelle and Boeing, Heiner and Bergmann, Manuela M and Nieters, Alexandra and Linseisen, Jakob and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Trichopoulos, Dimitrios and Tountas, Yannis and Berrino, Franco and Palli, Domenico and Panico, Salvatore and Tumino, Rosario and Vineis, Paolo and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas and Peeters, Petra H M and Engeset, Dagrun and Lund, Eiliv and Skeie, Guri and Ardanaz, Eva and Gonz\'{a}lez, Carlos and Navarro, Carmen and Quir\'{o}s, J Ram\'{o}n and Sanchez, Mar\'{\i}a-Jos\'{e} and Berglund, G\"{o}ran and Mattisson, Irene and Hallmans, G\"{o}ran and Palmqvist, Richard and Day, Nicholas E and Khaw, Kay-Tee and Key, Timothy J and {San Joaquin}, Miguel and H\'{e}mon, Bertrand and Saracci, Rodolfo and Kaaks, Rudolf and Riboli, Elio},
	Doi = {10.1093/jnci/dji164},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1460-2105},
	Journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Animals,Colorectal Neoplasms,Colorectal Neoplasms: epidemiology,Colorectal Neoplasms: etiology,Dietary Fiber,Dietary Fiber: administration \& dosage,Europe,Europe: epidemiology,Female,Fishes,Food Habits,Humans,Life Style,Male,Meat,Middle Aged,Multivariate Analysis,Odds Ratio,Poultry,Proportional Hazards Models,Prospective Studies,Questionnaires,Risk Assessment,Risk Factors},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {12},
	Pages = {906--16},
	Pmid = {15956652},
	Title = {{Meat, fish, and colorectal cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into cancer and nutrition.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1913932\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1913932%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji164}}

@article{Dewell2008,
	Abstract = {There is increasing evidence that dietary factors in plant-based diets are important in the prevention of chronic disease. This study examined protective (eg, antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, and fiber) and pathogenic (eg, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol) dietary factors in a very-low-fat vegan diet. Ninety-three early-stage prostate cancer patients participated in a randomized controlled trial and were assigned to a very-low-fat (10\% fat) vegan diet supplemented with soy protein and lifestyle changes or to usual care. Three-day food records were collected at baseline (n=42 intervention, n=43 control) and after 1 year (n=37 in each group). Analyses of changes in dietary intake of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and isoflavones from baseline to 1 year showed significantly increased intake of most protective dietary factors (eg, fiber increased from a mean of 31 to 59 g/day, lycopene increased from 8,693 to 34,464 mug/day) and significantly decreased intake of most pathogenic dietary factors (eg, saturated fatty acids decreased from 20 to 5 g/day, cholesterol decreased from 200 to 10 mg/day) in the intervention group compared to controls. These results suggest that a very-low-fat vegan diet can be useful in increasing intake of protective nutrients and phytochemicals and minimizing intake of dietary factors implicated in several chronic diseases.},
	Author = {Dewell, Antonella and Weidner, Gerdi and Sumner, Michael D and Chi, Christine S and Ornish, Dean},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.044},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0002-8223},
	Journal = {Journal of the American Dietetic Association},
	Keywords = {Aged,Antioxidants,Antioxidants: administration \& dosage,Carotenoids,Carotenoids: administration \& dosage,Chronic Disease,Chronic Disease: prevention \& control,Diet Records,Diet, Fat-Restricted,Diet, Vegetarian,Dietary Fats,Dietary Fats: administration \& dosage,Dietary Fats: adverse effects,Dietary Fiber,Dietary Fiber: administration \& dosage,Disease Progression,Humans,Isoflavones,Isoflavones: administration \& dosage,Male,Minerals,Minerals: administration \& dosage,Nutritive Value,Prostatic Neoplasms,Prostatic Neoplasms: diet therapy,Treatment Outcome,Vitamins,Vitamins: administration \& dosage},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {347--56},
	Pmid = {18237581},
	Title = {{A very-low-fat vegan diet increases intake of protective dietary factors and decreases intake of pathogenic dietary factors.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18237581},
	Volume = {108},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18237581},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.044}}

@article{Ascherio2004,
	Author = {Ascherio, a.},
	Doi = {10.1093/aje/kwh312},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0002-9262},
	Journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {10},
	Pages = {977--984},
	Title = {{Coffee Consumption, Gender, and Parkinson's Disease Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II Cohort: The Modifying Effects of Estrogen}},
	Url = {http://aje.oupjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/aje/kwh312},
	Volume = {160},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://aje.oupjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/aje/kwh312},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh312}}

@article{Sanjoaquin2004,
	Abstract = {In a cohort of 10 998 men and women, 95 incident cases of colorectal cancer were recorded after 17 years. Risk increased in association with smoking, alcohol, and white bread consumption, and decreased with frequent consumption of fruit. The relative risk in vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians was 0.85 (95\% CI: 0.55-1.32).},
	Author = {Sanjoaquin, M a and Appleby, P N and Thorogood, M and Mann, J I and Key, T J},
	Doi = {10.1038/sj.bjc.6601441},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0007-0920},
	Journal = {British journal of cancer},
	Keywords = {Adult,Alcohol Drinking,Alcohol Drinking: adverse effects,Cohort Studies,Colorectal Neoplasms,Colorectal Neoplasms: epidemiology,Colorectal Neoplasms: etiology,Diet, Vegetarian,Epidemiologic Studies,Female,Fruit,Great Britain,Great Britain: epidemiology,Humans,Incidence,Life Style,Male,Nutritional Status,Risk Factors,Smoking,Smoking: adverse effects},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {118--21},
	Pmid = {14710217},
	Title = {{Nutrition, lifestyle and colorectal cancer incidence: a prospective investigation of 10998 vegetarians and non-vegetarians in the United Kingdom.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2395312\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {90},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2395312%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601441}}

@article{Parkin2005,
	Abstract = {Estimates of the worldwide incidence, mortality and prevalence of 26 cancers in the year 2002 are now available in the GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The results are presented here in summary form, including the geographic variation between 20 large "areas" of the world. Overall, there were 10.9 million new cases, 6.7 million deaths, and 24.6 million persons alive with cancer (within three years of diagnosis). The most commonly diagnosed cancers are lung (1.35 million), breast (1.15 million), and colorectal (1 million); the most common causes of cancer death are lung cancer (1.18 million deaths), stomach cancer (700,000 deaths), and liver cancer (598,000 deaths). The most prevalent cancer in the world is breast cancer (4.4 million survivors up to 5 years following diagnosis). There are striking variations in the risk of different cancers by geographic area. Most of the international variation is due to exposure to known or suspected risk factors related to lifestyle or environment, and provides a clear challenge to prevention.},
	Author = {Parkin, D Max and Bray, Freddie and Ferlay, J and Pisani, Paola},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0007-9235},
	Journal = {CA: a cancer journal for clinicians},
	Keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Child,Child, Preschool,Epidemiologic Studies,Female,Geography,Humans,Incidence,Infant,Infant, Newborn,International Cooperation,Male,Middle Aged,Neoplasms,Neoplasms: epidemiology,Neoplasms: mortality,Prevalence,Risk Factors,World Health},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {74--108},
	Pmid = {15761078},
	Title = {{Global cancer statistics, 2002.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15761078},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15761078}}

@article{Schuurman1999,
	Abstract = {Prostate cancer risk in relation to consumption of animal products, and intake of calcium and protein was investigated in the Netherlands Cohort Study. At baseline in 1986, 58,279 men aged 55-69 years completed a self-administered 150-item food frequency questionnaire and a questionnaire on other risk factors for cancer. After 6.3 years of follow-up, 642 prostate cancer cases were available for analysis. In multivariate case-cohort analyses adjusted for age, family history of prostate cancer and socioeconomic status, no associations were found for consumption of fresh meat, fish, cheese and eggs. Positive trends in risk were found for consumption of cured meat and milk products (P-values 0.04 and 0.02 respectively). For calcium and protein intake, no associations were observed. The hypothesis that dietary factors might be more strongly related to advanced prostate tumours could not be confirmed in our study. We conclude that, in this study, animal products are not strongly related to prostate cancer risk.},
	Author = {Schuurman, a G and van den Brandt, P a and Dorant, E and Goldbohm, R a},
	Doi = {10.1038/sj.bjc.6690472},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0007-0920},
	Journal = {British journal of cancer},
	Keywords = {Aged,Calcium,Cohort Studies,Dairy Products,Diet,Dietary Proteins,Eggs,Fish Products,Humans,Male,Meat Products,Middle Aged,Netherlands,Netherlands: epidemiology,Odds Ratio,Prospective Studies,Prostatic Neoplasms,Prostatic Neoplasms: epidemiology},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {1107--13},
	Pmid = {10362125},
	Title = {{Animal products, calcium and protein and prostate cancer risk in The Netherlands Cohort Study.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2363036\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2363036%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6690472}}

@article{Larsson2006,
	Abstract = {Recent epidemiologic studies have generally reported a modest inverse association between calcium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer. However, findings pertaining to specific subsites in the colorectum have been conflicting.},
	Author = {Larsson, Susanna C and Bergkvist, Leif and Ruteg\aa rd, J\"{o}rgen and Giovannucci, Edward and Wolk, Alicja},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0002-9165},
	Journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
	Keywords = {Aged,Anticarcinogenic Agents,Anticarcinogenic Agents: administration \& dosage,Calcium, Dietary,Calcium, Dietary: administration \& dosage,Cohort Studies,Colorectal Neoplasms,Colorectal Neoplasms: epidemiology,Colorectal Neoplasms: prevention \& control,Dairy Products,Diet,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Multivariate Analysis,Prospective Studies,Questionnaires,Risk Factors,Sweden,Sweden: epidemiology},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {667--73; quiz 728--9},
	Pmid = {16522915},
	Title = {{Calcium and dairy food intakes are inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in the Cohort of Swedish Men.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16522915},
	Volume = {83},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16522915}}

@article{Peltonen1992,
	Abstract = {The effect of an uncooked extreme vegan diet on fecal microflora was studied by direct stool sample gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of bacterial cellular fatty acids and by quantitative bacterial culture by using classical microbiological techniques of isolation, identification, and enumeration of different bacterial species. Eighteen volunteers were divided randomly into two groups. The test group received an uncooked vegan diet for 1 month and a conventional diet of mixed Western type for the other month of the study. The control group consumed a conventional diet throughout the study period. Stool samples were collected. Bacterial cellular fatty acids were extracted directly from the stool samples and measured by GLC. Computerized analysis of the resulting fatty acid profiles was performed. Such a profile represents all bacterial cellular fatty acids in a sample and thus reflects its microflora and can be used to detect changes, differences, or similarities of bacterial flora between individual samples or sample groups. GLC profiles changed significantly in the test group after the induction and discontinuation of the vegan diet but not in the control group at any time, whereas quantitative bacterial culture did not detect any significant change in fecal bacteriology in either of the groups. The results suggest that an uncooked extreme vegan diet alters the fecal bacterial flora significantly when it is measured by direct stool sample GLC of bacterial fatty acids.},
	Author = {Peltonen, R and Ling, W H and H\"{a}nninen, O and Eerola, E},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Peltonen et al. - 1992 - An uncooked vegan diet shifts the profile of human fecal microflora computerized analysis of direct stool sampl.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0099-2240},
	Journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Bacteria,Bacteria: chemistry,Diet,Diet, Vegetarian,Fatty Acids,Fatty Acids: analysis,Feces,Feces: microbiology,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Prospective Studies,Vegetables},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {11},
	Pages = {3660--6},
	Pmid = {1482187},
	Title = {{An uncooked vegan diet shifts the profile of human fecal microflora: computerized analysis of direct stool sample gas-liquid chromatography profiles of bacterial cellular fatty acids.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=183158\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {58},
	Year = {1992},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=183158%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract}}

@article{Terry2002,
	Abstract = {Although laboratory data and a few adenoma prevention trials suggest that calcium supplementation may reduce the risk of colorectal neoplasia, the results of observational studies of calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk are contradictory. However, few studies have examined the association among women or effects in specific colon subsites. Women with colorectal cancer diagnosed through 31 December 2000 were identified by linkage to regional cancer registries. During an average 11.3 yr of follow-up of 61,463 women, we observed 572 incident cases of colorectal cancer. Using data obtained from a 67-item food frequency questionnaire and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate rate ratios and 95\% confidence intervals, we found an inverse association between dietary calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk. Women with the highest calcium intake (median 914 mg/day) had a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (rate ratio = 0.72, 95\% confidence interval = 0.056-0.93, P for trend = 0.02) compared with women with the lowest intake (median 486 mg/day). Furthermore, our results suggest that the inverse association may be strongest in relation to distal cancers and among older women. The association with dairy products was less clear, suggesting that calcium intake per se is more important than specific calcium sources. Vitamin D intake was not clearly associated with risk. In sum, our data suggest that high calcium intake may lower colorectal cancer risk.},
	Author = {Terry, Paul and Baron, John a and Bergkvist, Leif and Holmberg, Lars and Wolk, Alicja},
	Doi = {10.1207/S15327914NC431\_4},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0163-5581},
	Journal = {Nutrition and cancer},
	Keywords = {Calcium, Dietary,Calcium, Dietary: administration \& dosage,Cohort Studies,Colorectal Neoplasms,Colorectal Neoplasms: epidemiology,Colorectal Neoplasms: prevention \& control,Dairy Products,Female,Fermentation,Fermentation: physiology,Humans,Middle Aged,Multivariate Analysis,Prospective Studies,Risk,Sweden,Vitamin D,Vitamin D: administration \& dosage},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {39--46},
	Pmid = {12467133},
	Title = {{Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study in women.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12467133},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12467133},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327914NC431%5C_4}}

@article{Mills1988,
	Abstract = {Epidemiologic studies of diet and pancreas cancer are few, and include ecologic comparisons and a limited number of prospective and case-control studies. Foods and/or nutrients that have been suggested to be associated with increased risk of this cancer include total fat intake, eggs, animal protein, sugar, meat, coffee and butter. Consumption of raw fruits and vegetables has been consistently associated with decreased risk. Dietary habits and medical history variables were evaluated in a prospective study of fatal pancreas cancer among 34,000 California Seventh-day Adventists between 1976 and 1983. Forty deaths from pancreas cancer occurred during the follow-up period. Compared to all US whites, Adventists experienced decreased risk from pancreas cancer death (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 72 for men; 90 for women), which was not statistically significant. Although there was a suggestive relationship between increasing meat, egg, and coffee consumption and increased pancreatic cancer risk, these variables were not significantly related to risk after controlling for cigarette smoking. However, increasing consumption of vegetarian protein products, beans, lentils, and peas as well as dried fruit was associated with highly significant protective relationships to pancreas cancer risk. A prior history of diabetes was associated with increased risk of subsequent fatal pancreas cancer, as was a history of surgery for peptic or duodenal ulcer. A history of tonsillectomy was associated with a slight, nonsignificant protective relationship as was history of various allergic reactions. These findings suggest that the protective relationships associated with frequent consumption of vegetables and fruits high in protease-inhibitor content are more important than any increase in pancreas cancer risk attendant on frequent consumption of meat or other animal products. Furthermore, the previously reported positive associations between diabetes and abdominal surgery and pancreas cancer risk are supported in these data.},
	Author = {Mills, P K and Beeson, W L and Abbey, D E and Fraser, G E and Phillips, R L},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0008-543X},
	Journal = {Cancer},
	Keywords = {Adult,Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,California,Diet,Epidemiologic Methods,Humans,Life Style,Meat,Middle Aged,Pancreatic Neoplasms,Pancreatic Neoplasms: etiology,Pancreatic Neoplasms: mortality,Prospective Studies,Questionnaires,Religion,Sex Factors,Smoking},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {12},
	Pages = {2578--85},
	Pmid = {3365678},
	Title = {{Dietary habits and past medical history as related to fatal pancreas cancer risk among Adventists.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3365678},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {1988},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3365678}}

@article{Cross2007,
	Abstract = {Red meat and processed meat have been associated with carcinogenesis at several anatomic sites, but no prospective study has examined meat intake in relation to a range of malignancies. We investigated whether red or processed meat intake increases cancer risk at a variety of sites.},
	Author = {Cross, Amanda J and Leitzmann, Michael F and Gail, Mitchell H and Hollenbeck, Albert R and Schatzkin, Arthur and Sinha, Rashmi},
	Doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.0040325},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1549-1676},
	Journal = {PLoS medicine},
	Keywords = {Aged,Colorectal Neoplasms,Colorectal Neoplasms: etiology,Esophageal Neoplasms,Esophageal Neoplasms: etiology,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Incidence,Liver Neoplasms,Liver Neoplasms: etiology,Lung Neoplasms,Lung Neoplasms: etiology,Male,Meat,Meat Products,Meat Products: adverse effects,Meat: adverse effects,Middle Aged,Neoplasms,Neoplasms: epidemiology,Neoplasms: etiology,Nutrition Assessment,Proportional Hazards Models,Prospective Studies,Questionnaires,Risk Assessment,Risk Factors,Sex Factors,Time Factors,United States,United States: epidemiology},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {12},
	Pages = {e325},
	Pmid = {18076279},
	Title = {{A prospective study of red and processed meat intake in relation to cancer risk.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2121107\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2121107%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040325}}

@article{Bosetti2001,
	Abstract = {To assess the dietary correlates of cancer of the ovary, the consumption of a wide range of food groups has been investigated in a case-control study conducted between January 1992 and September 1999 in 4 Italian areas. Cases were 1,031 women with incident, histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer; controls were 2,411 women admitted to the same network of hospitals as the cases for acute, non-malignant and non-gynecological conditions, unrelated to hormonal or digestive tract diseases or to long-term modifications of diet. The subjects' usual diet was investigated through a validated food frequency questionnaire including 78 foods and recipes, then grouped into 18 food groups. Odds ratios (OR), and the corresponding 95\% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression models including terms for age, study center, education, year at interview, parity, oral contraceptive use and energy intake. Significant trends of increasing risk emerged for red meat (OR = 1.53 for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of consumption), whereas inverse associations were observed for consumption of fish (OR = 0.51), raw (OR = 0.47) and cooked vegetables (OR = 0.65), and pulses (OR = 0.77).},
	Author = {Bosetti, C and Negri, E and Franceschi, S and Pelucchi, C and Talamini, R and Montella, M and Conti, E and {La Vecchia}, C},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0020-7136},
	Journal = {International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer},
	Keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Animals,Case-Control Studies,Diet,Female,Fishes,Humans,Italy,Logistic Models,Meat,Middle Aged,Odds Ratio,Ovarian Neoplasms,Ovarian Neoplasms: etiology,Ovarian Neoplasms: prevention \& control,Vegetables},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {911--5},
	Pmid = {11519057},
	Title = {{Diet and ovarian cancer risk: a case-control study in Italy.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11519057},
	Volume = {93},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11519057}}

@article{Keszei2012,
	Abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prospective data on red and processed meat in relation to risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer are scarce. We present analyses of association between red and processed meat and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes within The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer.Design:120 852 individuals aged 55-69 years were recruited in 1986, and meat intake was assessed using a 150-item food frequency questionnaire. After 16.3 years of follow-up, 107 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 145 esophageal adenocarcinomas, 163 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas, 489 gastric non-cardia adenocarcinomas, and 3923 subcohort members were included in a case-cohort analysis. RESULTS: Processed as well as red meat intake was positively associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in men. Hazard ratios for highest versus lowest quintile of processed and red meat were 3.47 [95\% confidence intervals (CI): 1.21-9.94; P for trend: 0.04] and 2.66 (95\% CI: 0.94-7.48; P for trend: 0.06), respectively. No association was seen for adenocarcinomas or gastric cancer subtypes or for any of the four subtypes among women. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that red and processed meat consumption is associated with increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in men but not with cancers of other esophageal and gastric subtypes.},
	Author = {Keszei, a P and Schouten, L J and Goldbohm, R a and van den Brandt, P a},
	Doi = {10.1093/annonc/mdr615},
	File = {::},
	Isbn = {3143388226},
	Issn = {1569-8041},
	Journal = {Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO},
	Keywords = {cohort studies,esophageal neoplasms,processed meat,red meat,stomach neoplasms},
	Month = feb,
	Pmid = {22351741},
	Title = {{Red and processed meat consumption and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes in The Netherlands Cohort Study.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22351741},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22351741},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr615}}

@article{Torniainen2007,
	Abstract = {Prostate carcinoma is the most common cancer in men. Its primary pathogenesis is mostly unknown. Dairy products containing lactose have been suggested to be risk factors for prostate cancer. Digestion of lactose is dependent on lactase activity in the intestinal wall. A single nucleotide polymorphism C to T residing 13,910 bp upstream of the lactase gene has been shown to associate with the developmental down-regulation of lactase activity underlying persistence/nonpersistence trait. To find out whether lactase persistence is related to the risk for prostate cancer, we genotyped 1,229 Finnish and 2,924 Swedish patients and their 473 Finnish and 1,842 Swedish controls using solid-phase minisequencing. To explore if dairy products have an association with prostate cancer, we analyzed the milk consumption in the Swedish study consisting of 1,499 prostate cancer patients and 1,130 controls (Cancer Prostate in Sweden I study) using a questionnaire. Only the consumption of low-fat milk was found to be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR), 1.73; 95\% confidence interval (95\% CI), 1.16-2.39]. A statistically significantly higher (P < 0.01) lactose intake was observed among subjects with high lactase activity (C/T and T/T genotypes) compared with those with low lactase activity (C/C genotype). Lactase persistence did not associate with increased risk for prostate carcinoma in the Finnish (OR, 1.11; 95\% CI, 0.83-1.47; P = 0.488) or in the Swedish populations (OR, 1.16; 95\% CI, 0.91-1.46; P = 0.23). In conclusion, lactase persistence/nonpersistence contains no risk for prostate cancer. Analysis of different milk products showed some evidence for low-fat milk as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer.},
	Author = {Torniainen, Suvi and Hedelin, Maria and Autio, Ville and Rasinper\"{a}, Heli and B\"{a}lter, Katarina Augustsson and Klint, Asa and Bellocco, Rino and Wiklund, Fredrik and Stattin, P\"{a}r and Ikonen, Tarja and Tammela, Teuvo L J and Schleutker, Johanna and Gr\"{o}nberg, Henrik and J\"{a}rvel\"{a}, Irma},
	Doi = {10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0985},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1055-9965},
	Journal = {Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers \& prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology},
	Keywords = {Adenocarcinoma,Adenocarcinoma: epidemiology,Adenocarcinoma: etiology,Adenocarcinoma: genetics,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Animals,Case-Control Studies,Confidence Intervals,Diet,Finland,Finland: epidemiology,Genotype,Humans,Lactase,Lactase: genetics,Lactase: metabolism,Lactose,Lactose: administration \& dosage,Lactose: adverse effects,Lactose: metabolism,Logistic Models,Male,Middle Aged,Milk,Milk: adverse effects,Odds Ratio,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide,Prostatic Neoplasms,Prostatic Neoplasms: epidemiology,Prostatic Neoplasms: etiology,Prostatic Neoplasms: genetics,Questionnaires,Risk Factors,Sweden,Sweden: epidemiology},
	Month = may,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {956--61},
	Pmid = {17507622},
	Title = {{Lactase persistence, dietary intake of milk, and the risk for prostate cancer in Sweden and Finland.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17507622},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17507622},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0985}}

@article{Cade2010,
	Abstract = {The relationship between diet and breast cancer is uncertain. We assessed the relationship of 4 common dietary patterns to the risk of breast cancer using the UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS). A total of 35,372 women aged between 35 to 69 yr were recruited from 1995 to 1998. The UKWCS was selected to have a wide range of dietary intakes; 28\% were self-reported vegetarian. Diet was assessed at baseline by a 217-item food frequency questionnaire. Four dietary patterns were defined based on a hierarchy of consumption of fish and meat to reflect commonly consumed dietary patterns. Hazards ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression adjusted for known confounders. Subjects were followed up for a mean of 9 yr, and 330 premenopausal and 453 postmenopausal women developed invasive breast cancer. In postmenopausal women, there was a strong inverse association between the fish eating dietary pattern 0.60 (95\% CI = 0.38-0.96) but not for a vegetarian pattern 0.85 (95\% CI = 0.58-1.25) compared to red meat eaters. There were no statistically significant associations with dietary pattern and risk of premenopausal breast cancer. A fish eating dietary pattern that excludes meat from the diet may confer some benefit with regard to risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.},
	Author = {Cade, Janet E and Taylor, E Faye and Burley, Victoria J and Greenwood, Darren C},
	Doi = {10.1080/01635580903441246},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1532-7914},
	Journal = {Nutrition and cancer},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Animals,Breast Neoplasms,Breast Neoplasms: etiology,Cohort Studies,Female,Fishes,Food Habits,Great Britain,Humans,Meat,Middle Aged,Postmenopause,Risk Factors,Vegetables},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {300--6},
	Pmid = {20358467},
	Title = {{Common dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer: analysis from the United Kingdom Women's Cohort Study.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20358467},
	Volume = {62},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20358467},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635580903441246}}

@article{Li1999,
	Abstract = {The aim of this study was to assess thrombosis tendency in subjects who were habitual meat-eaters compared with those who were habitual vegetarians.},
	Author = {Li, D and Sinclair, a and Mann, N and Turner, a and Ball, M and Kelly, F and Abedin, L and Wilson, a},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0954-3007},
	Journal = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
	Keywords = {Adult,Blood Coagulation Factors,Blood Coagulation Factors: analysis,Cross-Sectional Studies,Diet, Vegetarian,Fatty Acids,Fatty Acids: blood,Food Habits,Humans,Lipoproteins,Lipoproteins: blood,Male,Meat,Middle Aged,Platelet Aggregation,Risk Factors,Thrombosis,Thrombosis: epidemiology,Thromboxane B2,Thromboxane B2: analogs \& derivatives,Thromboxane B2: blood},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {612--9},
	Pmid = {10477247},
	Title = {{The association of diet and thrombotic risk factors in healthy male vegetarians and meat-eaters.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477247},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477247}}

@article{Haldar2007,
	Abstract = {Antioxidant status can be used as a biomarker to assess chronic disease risk and diet can modulate antioxidant defence.},
	Author = {Haldar, S and Rowland, I R and Barnett, Y a and Bradbury, I and Robson, P J and Powell, J and Fletcher, J},
	Doi = {10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602615},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0954-3007},
	Journal = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
	Keywords = {Adult,Antioxidants,Antioxidants: administration \& dosage,Antioxidants: metabolism,Biological Markers,Biological Markers: blood,Carotenoids,Carotenoids: administration \& dosage,Carotenoids: blood,Cohort Studies,Diet, Vegetarian,Erythrocytes,Erythrocytes: metabolism,Female,Food Habits,Fruit,Humans,Lipid Peroxidation,Lipid Peroxidation: drug effects,Male,Meat,Oxidation-Reduction,Vegetables},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {1011--22},
	Pmid = {17299498},
	Title = {{Influence of habitual diet on antioxidant status: a study in a population of vegetarians and omnivores.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17299498},
	Volume = {61},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17299498},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602615}}

@article{Nothlings2005,
	Abstract = {Meat intake has been associated with risk of exocrine pancreatic cancer, but previous findings have been inconsistent. This association has been attributed to both the fat and cholesterol content of meats and to food preparation methods. We analyzed data from the prospective Multiethnic Cohort Study to investigate associations between intake of meat, other animal products, fat, and cholesterol and pancreatic cancer risk.},
	Annote = {upward trend},
	Author = {N\"{o}thlings, Ute and Wilkens, Lynne R and Murphy, Suzanne P and Hankin, Jean H and Henderson, Brian E and Kolonel, Laurence N},
	Doi = {10.1093/jnci/dji292},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1460-2105},
	Journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
	Keywords = {Adult,African Americans,African Americans: statistics \& numerical data,Aged,Asian Americans,Asian Americans: statistics \& numerical data,Cohort Studies,Cooking,Cooking: methods,Dietary Fats,Dietary Fats: administration \& dosage,Dietary Fats: adverse effects,Dietary Proteins,Dietary Proteins: administration \& dosage,Dietary Proteins: adverse effects,European Continental Ancestry Group,European Continental Ancestry Group: statistics \& ,Female,Hispanic Americans,Hispanic Americans: statistics \& numerical data,Humans,Incidence,Indians, North American,Indians, North American: statistics \& numerical da,Male,Meat,Middle Aged,Pancreatic Neoplasms,Pancreatic Neoplasms: ethnology,Pancreatic Neoplasms: etiology,Proportional Hazards Models,Prospective Studies,Risk Assessment,Risk Factors,United States,United States: epidemiology},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {19},
	Pages = {1458--65},
	Pmid = {16204695},
	Title = {{Meat and fat intake as risk factors for pancreatic cancer: the multiethnic cohort study.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16204695},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16204695},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji292}}

@article{Larsson2012,
	Abstract = {Whether red and processed meat consumption is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarise the evidence from prospective studies of red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk.},
	Author = {Larsson, S C and Wolk, a},
	Doi = {10.1038/bjc.2011.585},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1532-1827},
	Journal = {British journal of cancer},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Animals,Cattle,Diet Surveys,Europe,Europe: epidemiology,Female,Humans,Japan,Japan: epidemiology,Male,Meat,Meat Products,Middle Aged,Pancreatic Neoplasms,Pancreatic Neoplasms: epidemiology,Pancreatic Neoplasms: etiology,Prospective Studies,Questionnaires,Risk Factors,Sheep,Swine,United States,United States: epidemiology},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {603--7},
	Pmid = {22240790},
	Publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	Title = {{Red and processed meat consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: meta-analysis of prospective studies.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3273353\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {106},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3273353%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2011.585}}

@article{Fraser1999,
	Abstract = {Results associating diet with chronic disease in a cohort of 34192 California Seventh-day Adventists are summarized. Most Seventh-day Adventists do not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol, and there is a wide range of dietary exposures within the population. About 50\% of those studied ate meat products <1 time/wk or not at all, and vegetarians consumed more tomatoes, legumes, nuts, and fruit, but less coffee, doughnuts, and eggs than did nonvegetarians. Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between beef consumption and fatal ischemic heart disease (IHD) in men [relative risk (RR) = 2.31 for subjects who ate beef > or =3 times/wk compared with vegetarians], significant protective associations between nut consumption and fatal and nonfatal IHD in both sexes (RR approximately 0.5 for subjects who ate nuts > or =5 times/wk compared with those who ate nuts <1 time/wk), and reduced risk of IHD in subjects preferring whole-grain to white bread. The lifetime risk of IHD was reduced by approximately 31\% in those who consumed nuts frequently and by 37\% in male vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians. Cancers of the colon and prostate were significantly more likely in nonvegetarians (RR of 1.88 and 1.54, respectively), and frequent beef consumers also had higher risk of bladder cancer. Intake of legumes was negatively associated with risk of colon cancer in nonvegetarians and risk of pancreatic cancer. Higher consumption of all fruit or dried fruit was associated with lower risks of lung, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Cross-sectional data suggest vegetarian Seventh-day Adventists have lower risks of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and arthritis than nonvegetarians. Thus, among Seventh-day Adventists, vegetarians are healthier than nonvegetarians but this cannot be ascribed only to the absence of meat.},
	Author = {Fraser, G E},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0002-9165},
	Journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Animals,California,California: epidemiology,Cattle,Christianity,Chronic Disease,Diet Surveys,Diet, Vegetarian,Epidemiologic Methods,Female,Humans,Male,Meat,Meat: adverse effects,Middle Aged,Mortality,Multivariate Analysis,Myocardial Ischemia,Myocardial Ischemia: epidemiology,Myocardial Ischemia: etiology,Myocardial Ischemia: mortality,Neoplasms,Neoplasms: epidemiology,Neoplasms: etiology,Neoplasms: mortality,Risk},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3 Suppl},
	Pages = {532S--538S},
	Pmid = {10479227},
	Title = {{Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10479227},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10479227}}

@article{Key2009,
	Abstract = {Few prospective studies have examined cancer incidence among vegetarians.},
	Author = {Key, T J and Appleby, P N and Spencer, E a and Travis, R C and Allen, N E and Thorogood, M and Mann, J I},
	Doi = {10.1038/sj.bjc.6605098},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1532-1827},
	Journal = {British journal of cancer},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Animals,Diet, Vegetarian,Female,Fishes,Great Britain,Humans,Incidence,Male,Meat,Middle Aged,Neoplasms,Neoplasms: epidemiology,Young Adult},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {192--7},
	Pmid = {19536095},
	Title = {{Cancer incidence in British vegetarians.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2699384\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2699384%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605098}}

@article{Key2007,
	Author = {Key, Timothy J. and Appleby, Paul N. and Rosell, Magdalena S.},
	Doi = {10.1079/PNS2005481},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Key, Appleby, Rosell - 2007 - Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0029-6651},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the Nutrition Society},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {01},
	Pages = {35--41},
	Title = {{Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S002966510600005X},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S002966510600005X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PNS2005481}}

@article{Allen2008,
	Abstract = {We examined consumption of animal foods, protein and calcium in relation to risk of prostate cancer among 142 251 men in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified by recruitment centre and adjusted for height, weight, education, marital status and energy intake. After an average of 8.7 years of follow-up, there were 2727 incident cases of prostate cancer, of which 1131 were known to be localised and 541 advanced-stage disease. A high intake of dairy protein was associated with an increased risk, with a hazard ratio for the top versus the bottom fifth of intake of 1.22 (95\% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.41, P(trend)=0.02). After calibration to allow for measurement error, we estimated that a 35-g day(-1) increase in consumption of dairy protein was associated with an increase in the risk of prostate cancer of 32\% (95\% CI: 1-72\%, P(trend)=0.04). Calcium from dairy products was also positively associated with risk, but not calcium from other foods. The results support the hypothesis that a high intake of protein or calcium from dairy products may increase the risk for prostate cancer.},
	Author = {Allen, N E and Key, T J and Appleby, P N and Travis, R C and Roddam, a W and Tj\o nneland, a and Johnsen, N F and Overvad, K and Linseisen, J and Rohrmann, S and Boeing, H and Pischon, T and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B and Kiemeney, L and Tagliabue, G and Palli, D and Vineis, P and Tumino, R and Trichopoulou, a and Kassapa, C and Trichopoulos, D and Ardanaz, E and Larra\~{n}aga, N and Tormo, M-J and Gonz\'{a}lez, C a and Quir\'{o}s, J R and S\'{a}nchez, M-J and Bingham, S and Khaw, K-T and Manjer, J and Berglund, G and Stattin, P and Hallmans, G and Slimani, N and Ferrari, P and Rinaldi, S and Riboli, E},
	Doi = {10.1038/sj.bjc.6604331},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1532-1827},
	Journal = {British journal of cancer},
	Keywords = {Aged,Animals,Calcium, Dietary,Calcium, Dietary: administration \& dosage,Confidence Intervals,Dairy Products,Dairy Products: adverse effects,Dairy Products: statistics \& numerical data,Diet Surveys,Dietary Proteins,Dietary Proteins: administration \& dosage,Europe,Europe: epidemiology,Food Habits,Humans,Incidence,Male,Middle Aged,Multivariate Analysis,Neoplasm Staging,Odds Ratio,Proportional Hazards Models,Prospective Studies,Prostatic Neoplasms,Prostatic Neoplasms: epidemiology,Prostatic Neoplasms: etiology,Prostatic Neoplasms: pathology,Risk Assessment,Risk Factors},
	Month = may,
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {1574--81},
	Pmid = {18382426},
	Title = {{Animal foods, protein, calcium and prostate cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2391107\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {98},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2391107%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604331}}

@article{Mills1989,
	Abstract = {Dietary and lifestyle characteristics were evaluated in relation to subsequent prostatic cancer risk in a cohort of approximately 14,000 Seventh-day Adventist men who completed a detailed lifestyle questionnaire in 1976 and who were monitored for cancer incidence until the end of 1982. During the 6-year follow-up period, 180 histologically confirmed prostatic cancers were detected among some 78,000 man-years of follow-up. Increasing educational attainment was associated with significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer in this study; age at first marriage was also inversely associated with risk, although this was not significant. There was no relationship between body mass index (as measured by Quetelet's Index) and risk. A history of prostate "trouble" was associated with a 60\% increase in risk which was highly significant. Although there were suggestive relationships between increasing animal product consumption and increased risk, these results did not persist after accounting for the influence of fruit and vegetable consumption. Nor was exposure to the vegetarian lifestyle during the childhood years associated with alterations in subsequent risk. However, increasing consumption of beans, lentils and peas, tomatoes, raisin, dates, and other dried fruit were all associated with significantly decreased prostate cancer risk.},
	Author = {Mills, P K and Beeson, W L and Phillips, R L and Fraser, G E},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0008-543X},
	Journal = {Cancer},
	Keywords = {Adult,Age Factors,Aged,California,Cohort Studies,Dietary Fats,Dietary Fats: administration \& dosage,Follow-Up Studies,Food Habits,Humans,Life Style,Male,Middle Aged,Prostatic Neoplasms,Prostatic Neoplasms: epidemiology,Religion and Medicine,Risk},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {598--604},
	Pmid = {2743254},
	Title = {{Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in Adventist men.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2743254},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2743254}}

@article{McCann2003,
	Abstract = {Intakes of specific nutrients and food groups have been shown previously to be related to ovarian cancer risk, but no studies, to our knowledge, have emphasized the effect of phytochemical intakes on this cancer. We conducted a case-control study of diet and ovarian cancer in western New York involving 124 primary, histologically confirmed ovarian cancer cases and 696 population-based controls, frequency matched to cases on age and county of residence. Diet was assessed with a detailed food-frequency questionnaire. Nutrient and phytochemical intakes were calculated from published food composition data. The odds ratios (OR) and 95\% CI for risk of ovarian cancer with each nutrient, phytochemical and food group were estimated with unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, education, total months menstruating, difficulty becoming pregnant, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status and energy intake. Compared with women in the lowest quintile of intake, reduced risks were observed for women in the highest quintile of intake of dietary fiber (OR 0.43, 95\% CI, 0.20-0.94), total carotenoids (OR 0.33, 95\% CI, 0.16-0.68), stigmasterol (OR 0.42, 95\% CI, 0.20-0.87), total lignans (OR 0.43, 95\% CI, 0.21-0.85), vegetables (OR 0.47, 95\% CI, 0.23-0.97) and poultry (OR 0.45, 95\% CI, 0.22-0.92). These results support a protective effect on ovarian cancer of phytoestrogen intakes, and our results support the hypothesis that a plant-based diet may be important in reducing risks of hormone-related neoplasms.},
	Author = {McCann, Susan E and Freudenheim, Jo L and Marshall, James R and Graham, Saxon},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0022-3166},
	Journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Animals,Carotenoids,Carotenoids: administration \& dosage,Case-Control Studies,Diet,Dietary Fiber,Dietary Fiber: pharmacology,Estrogens, Non-Steroidal,Estrogens, Non-Steroidal: administration \& dosage,Female,Humans,Isoflavones,Middle Aged,Ovarian Neoplasms,Ovarian Neoplasms: prevention \& control,Phytoestrogens,Phytosterols,Phytosterols: administration \& dosage,Plant Preparations,Poultry,Risk Assessment,Vegetables},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1937--42},
	Pmid = {12771342},
	Title = {{Risk of human ovarian cancer is related to dietary intake of selected nutrients, phytochemicals and food groups.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12771342},
	Volume = {133},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12771342}}

@article{Chagas2012,
	Abstract = {Milk and dairy products are widely recommended as part of a healthy diet. These products, however, can contain hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1, and some studies have suggested that a high intake of milk and dairy products may increase the risk of cancer. This review examines recent studies on this topic, with the evidence suggesting that the recommended intake of milk and dairy products (3 servings/day) is safe and, importantly, does not seem to increase the risk of cancer. On the basis of the studies included in this review, cultured milk, yogurt, and low-fat dairy products should be preferred as the milk and dairy products of choice.},
	Author = {Chagas, Carlos E a and Rogero, Marcelo M and Martini, L\'{\i}gia a},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00464.x},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {1753-4887},
	Journal = {Nutrition reviews},
	Month = may,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {294--300},
	Pmid = {22537215},
	Title = {{Evaluating the links between intake of milk/dairy products and cancer.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22537215},
	Volume = {70},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22537215},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00464.x}}

@article{Bingham2003,
	Abstract = {Dietary fibre is thought to protect against colorectal cancer but this view has been challenged by recent prospective and intervention studies that showed no protective effect.},
	Author = {Bingham, Sheila a and Day, Nicholas E and Luben, Robert and Ferrari, Pietro and Slimani, Nadia and Norat, Teresa and Clavel-Chapelon, Fran\c{c}oise and Kesse, Emmanuelle and Nieters, Alexandra and Boeing, Heiner and Tj\o nneland, Anne and Overvad, Kim and Martinez, Carmen and Dorronsoro, Miren and Gonzalez, Carlos a and Key, Timothy J and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Naska, Androniki and Vineis, Paolo and Tumino, Rosario and Krogh, Vittorio and Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas and Peeters, Petra H M and Berglund, G\"{o}ran and Hallmans, G\"{o}ran and Lund, Eiliv and Skeie, Guri and Kaaks, Rudolf and Riboli, Elio},
	File = {::},
	Issn = {0140-6736},
	Journal = {Lancet},
	Keywords = {Adult,Aged,Colorectal Neoplasms,Colorectal Neoplasms: epidemiology,Colorectal Neoplasms: prevention \& control,Dietary Fiber,Dietary Fiber: administration \& dosage,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Food Habits,Humans,Incidence,Life Style,Linear Models,Male,Middle Aged,Prospective Studies,Questionnaires,Risk Factors},
	Month = may,
	Number = {9368},
	Pages = {1496--501},
	Pmid = {12737858},
	Title = {{Dietary fibre in food and protection against colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): an observational study.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12737858},
	Volume = {361},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12737858}}

@article{Gleick1989,
	Author = {Gleick, Peter H.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleick - 1989 - The Implications of Global Climatic Changes for International Security.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Pages = {309--325},
	Title = {{The Implications of Global Climatic Changes for International Security}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Borjas1989,
	Author = {Borjas, GJ},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Borjas - 1989 - Economic theory and international migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {457--485},
	Title = {{Economic theory and international migration}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546424},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546424}}

@article{Kimhi2004,
	Author = {Kimhi, Shaul and Shamai, Michal},
	Doi = {10.1002/jcop.20012},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kimhi, Shamai - 2004 - Community resilience and the impact of stress Adult response to Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0090-4392},
	Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {439--451},
	Title = {{Community resilience and the impact of stress: Adult response to Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcop.20012},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcop.20012},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20012}}

@article{Hirsch1997,
	Author = {Hirsch, A and Bowers, K J},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hirsch, Bowers - 1997 - The Effect of Social Cohesion on Levels of Recorded Crime in Disadvantaged Areas.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Urban Studies},
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {1275--1296},
	Title = {{The Effect of Social Cohesion on Levels of Recorded Crime in Disadvantaged Areas}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Barr2003,
	Author = {Barr, A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barr - 2003 - Trust and expected trustworthiness experimental evidence from Zimbabwean villages.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Economic Journal},
	Number = {489},
	Pages = {614--630},
	Title = {{Trust and expected trustworthiness: experimental evidence from Zimbabwean villages}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0297.t01-1-00150/full},
	Volume = {113},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0297.t01-1-00150/full}}

@article{Raleigh2007,
	Author = {Raleigh, C and Urdal, H},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.005},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Raleigh, Urdal - 2007 - Climate change, environmental degradation and armed conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {674--694},
	Title = {{Climate change, environmental degradation and armed conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262980700087X},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262980700087X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.005}}

@article{Bertocchi2008,
	Author = {Bertocchi, Graziella and Strozzi, Chiara},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bertocchi, Strozzi - 2008 - International migration and the role of institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {colonial,democracy,institutions,international migration,migration policy},
	Month = may,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {81--102},
	Title = {{International migration and the role of institutions}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
	Volume = {137},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x}}

@unpublished{Mcleman2005,
	Author = {Mcleman, Robert and Smit, Barry},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mcleman, Smit - 2005 - Assessing the Security Implications of Climate Change-related Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Human Security and Climate Change},
	Number = {June},
	Pages = {21--23},
	Title = {{Assessing the Security Implications of Climate Change-related Migration}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Hooghe2008,
	Author = {Hooghe, Marc and Trappers, Ann and Meuleman, Bart and Reeskens, Tim},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hooghe et al. - 2008 - Migration to European Countries A Structural Explanation of Patterns, 1980--2004.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0197-9183},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {476--504},
	Title = {{Migration to European Countries: A Structural Explanation of Patterns, 1980--2004}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x}}

@article{Todaro1969,
	Author = {Todaro, MP},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Todaro - 1969 - A Model of Labor Migration and Unemployment in Less Developed Countries.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {138--148},
	Title = {{A Model of Labor Migration and Unemployment in Less Developed Countries}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1811100},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {1969},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1811100}}

@article{Pulver2009,
	Author = {Pulver, Simone and VanDeveer, Stacy D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pulver, VanDeveer - 2009 - ``Thinking About Tomorrows'' Scenarios, Global Environmental Politics, and Social Science Scholarship.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--13},
	Title = {{``Thinking About Tomorrows'': Scenarios, Global Environmental Politics, and Social Science Scholarship}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/glep.2009.9.2.1},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/glep.2009.9.2.1}}

@article{Homer-Dixon1994,
	Author = {Homer-Dixon, T.F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Homer-Dixon - 1994 - Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict Evidence from Cases.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {5--40},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539147},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539147}}

@article{Meze-hausken2000,
	Author = {Meze-hausken, Elisabeth},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meze-hausken - 2000 - Migration Caused by Climate Change How Vulnerable are People in Dryland Areas.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change},
	Keywords = {1,can trigger waves of,climate change,ethiopia,historical analogy,introduction and objectives,left their traces,migrants is not a,migration,new notion,the fact that climate,the whole human history,throughout,vulnerability,weather-related human movements have},
	Pages = {379--406},
	Title = {{Migration Caused by Climate Change: How Vulnerable are People in Dryland Areas?}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Biermann2010,
	Author = {Biermann, Frank and Boas, Ingrid},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Biermann, Boas - 2010 - Preparing for a Warmer World Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {60--88},
	Title = {{Preparing for a Warmer World : Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2010}}

@book{El-Hinnawi1985,
	Address = {Nairobi, Kenya},
	Author = {El-Hinnawi, E.},
	Publisher = {United Nations Environmental Programme},
	Title = {{Environmental Refugees}},
	Year = {1985}}

@techreport{Adamo,
	Author = {Adamo, Susana B},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adamo - 2009 - Environmentally Induced Population Displacements.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {IHDP},
	Keywords = {cli-,environment,migration,population mobility},
	Title = {{Environmentally Induced Population Displacements}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Barnett2003,
	Abstract = {Despite it being the most studied and arguably most profound of global environmental change problems, there is relatively little research that explores climate change as a security issue. This paper systematically explores the range of possible connections between climate change and security, including national security considerations, human security concerns, military roles, and a discussion of the widely held assumption that climate change may trigger violent conflict. The paper explains the ways in which climate change is a security issue. It includes in its discussion issues to do with both mitigation and adaptation of climate change.},
	Author = {Barnett, J},
	Doi = {10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00080-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett - 2003 - Security and Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09593780},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	Keywords = {1,become security,climate change,conflict,delimiting security,human security,including,introduction,national security,problems is now well,recognised in policy,that environmental problems can},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--17},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {{Security and Climate Change}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378002000808 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378002000808},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378002000808%20http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378002000808},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00080-8}}

@misc{Barnett2009,
	Author = {Barnett, Jon and Webber, Michael},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett, Webber - 2009 - Accommodating Migration to Promote Adaptation to Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Commission on Climate Change and Development},
	Number = {March},
	Title = {{Accommodating Migration to Promote Adaptation to Climate Change}},
	Year = {2009}}

@techreport{UN2005,
	Author = {UN},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/UN - 2005 - International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 Building the Resilience of Nations.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {United Nations},
	Title = {{International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience of Nations}},
	Year = {2005}}

@misc{UnitedNationsVideos2009,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Bahamas: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tzUOVP07fE\&feature=relmfu},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tzUOVP07fE%5C&feature=relmfu}}

@article{Wright2011,
	Author = {Wright, Matthew},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wright - 2011 - Diversity and the Imagined Community Immigrant Diversity and Conceptions of National Identity.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0162895X},
	Journal = {Political Psychology},
	Keywords = {become a fact of,by the incorporation of,countries,developed democracies have been,diverse immigrant minorities into,diversity,ethnic diversity itself has,ethnocentrism,fabrics,immigration,in most of these,in recent decades,increasingly challenged,life,national identity,public opinion,their broader social},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {837--862},
	Title = {{Diversity and the Imagined Community: Immigrant Diversity and Conceptions of National Identity}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x}}

@article{Scheffran2010,
	Author = {Scheffran, J\"{u}rgen and Battaglini, Antonella},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10113-010-0175-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Scheffran, Battaglini - 2010 - Climate and Conflicts The Security Risks of Global Warming.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1436-3798},
	Journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
	Keywords = {climate security \'{a} environmental,conflict \'{a},hot spots \'{a} resource,human security \'{a} regional,risks of global warming,scarcity \'{a}},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {S1},
	Pages = {27--39},
	Title = {{Climate and Conflicts: The Security Risks of Global Warming}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0175-8},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0175-8},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0175-8}}

@article{Cardenas2008,
	Author = {Cardenas, Juan Camilo and Carpenter, Jeffrey},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cardenas, Carpenter - 2008 - Behavioural Development Economics Lessons from Field Labs in the Developing World.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {311--338},
	Title = {{Behavioural Development Economics: Lessons from Field Labs in the Developing World}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Brown2002,
	Author = {Brown, David L},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brown - 2002 - Migration and Community Social Networks in a Multilevel World.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Rural Sociology},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--23},
	Title = {{Migration and Community : Social Networks in a Multilevel World}},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Barnett2009a,
	Author = {Barnett, Jon},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-009-9591-5},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett - 2009 - The Prize of Peace (is Eternal Vigilance) A Cautionary Editorial Essay on Climate Geopolitics.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = may,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {1--6},
	Title = {{The Prize of Peace (is Eternal Vigilance): A Cautionary Editorial Essay on Climate Geopolitics}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-009-9591-5},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-009-9591-5},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9591-5}}

@article{Hunter2005,
	Abstract = {Losses due to natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes) and technological hazards (e.g., nuclear waste facilities, chemical spills) are both on the rise. One response to hazard-related losses is migration, with this paper offering a review of research examining the association between migration and environmental hazards. Using examples from both developed and developing regional contexts, the overview demonstrates that the association between migration and environmental hazards varies by setting, hazard types, and household characteristics. In many cases, however, results demonstrate that environmental factors play a role in shaping migration decisions, particularly among those most vulnerable. Research also suggests that risk perception acts as a mediating factor. Classic migration theory is reviewed to offer a foundation for examination of these associations.},
	Author = {Hunter, Lori M},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11111-005-3343-x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hunter - 2005 - Migration and Environmental Hazards.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0199-0039},
	Journal = {Population and environment},
	Keywords = {and environ-,environmental hazards,internal migration,international migration,migration,natural hazards,on migration provide founda-,residential mobility,several classic theoretical perspectives,technological hazards,the association between migration,tions for examination of},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {273--302},
	Pmid = {21886366},
	Title = {{Migration and Environmental Hazards.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3163500\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3163500%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-005-3343-x}}

@article{Ross2004,
	Author = {Ross, Michael L.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343304043773},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ross - 2004 - What Do We Know about Natural Resources and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00223433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = may,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {337--356},
	Title = {{What Do We Know about Natural Resources and Civil War?}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343304043773},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343304043773},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343304043773}}

@article{Hugo1996,
	Abstract = {This article focuses on international migration occurring as a result of environmental changes and processes. It briefly reviews attempts to con? ceptualize environment-related migration and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. Following is an examination of migration as an independent variable in the migration-environment relationship. Finally, ethical and policy dimensions are addressed.},
	Author = {Hugo, Graeme},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hugo - 1996 - Environmental Concerns and Internal Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {105--131},
	Title = {{Environmental Concerns and Internal Migration}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {1996}}

@unpublished{Suhrke1993,
	Author = {Suhrke, Astri},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Suhrke - 1993 - Pressure Points Environmental Degradation, Migration and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Series = {Occasional Paper No. 3, Project on Environmental Change and Acute Conflict},
	Title = {{Pressure Points: Environmental Degradation, Migration and Conflict}},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{Goss1995,
	Author = {Goss, J. and Lindquist, B.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Goss, Lindquist - 1995 - Conceptualizing International Labor Migration A Structuration Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {317--351},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Conceptualizing International Labor Migration: A Structuration Perspective}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546784},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546784}}

@unpublished{Attanasio2009,
	Author = {Attanasio, Orazio and Pellerano, Luca},
	Booktitle = {Fiscal Studies},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Attanasio, Pellerano - 2009 - Peace and Goodwill Using an Experimental Game to Analyse the Desarrollo y Paz initiative in Colombia.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Economic \& Social Research Council},
	Title = {{Peace and Goodwill? Using an Experimental Game to Analyse the Desarrollo y Paz initiative in Colombia}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{King2010,
	Author = {King, Elisabeth and Samii, Cyrus and Snilstveit, Birte},
	Doi = {10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/King, Samii, Snilstveit - 2010 - Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1943-9342},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Effectiveness},
	Keywords = {africa,community-driven,development,evaluation,participation,social capital,social cohesion},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {336--370},
	Title = {{Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552}}

@misc{UNVideos2009,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Bangladesh: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHfLX82TMqQ},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHfLX82TMqQ}}

@incollection{Findlay2011,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Annote = {Quotes about importance of looking at perceptions at end of chapter.},
	Author = {Findlay, Allan and Geddes, Alistair},
	Booktitle = {Migration and Climate Change},
	Editor = {Piguet, Etienne and Pecoud, Antoine and Guchteneire, Paul De},
	Pages = {138--159},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Critical views on the relationship between climate change and migration: some insights from the experience of Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Barnett2007,
	Annote = {Two broad ways of climate conflict: changes in political economy due to mitigative actions (reducing emissions); changes in social systems driven by actual or perceived climate impacts. "Climate change may undermine human security by reducing access to, and the quality of, natural resources that are important to sustain livelihoods... the kinds of human insecurity that climate change may affect can in turn increase the risk of violent conflict" (640). CC will affect state capacity. Article outlines a research agenda to guide empirical investigations into the risks climate change poses to human security.
        
Article doesn't see climate-induced migration as one of the major potential drivers of conflict. },
	Author = {Barnett, J and Adger, W},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.03.003},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett, Adger - 2007 - Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {climate change,human security,state functions,violent conflict},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {639--655},
	Title = {{Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262980700039X},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262980700039X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.03.003}}

@unpublished{Labonne2008,
	Author = {Labonne, Julien and Chase, Robert S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Labonne, Chase - 2008 - Do Community-Driven Development Projects Enhance Social Capital Evidence from the Philippines.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {World Bank Social Development Department},
	Number = {July},
	Title = {{Do Community-Driven Development Projects Enhance Social Capital? Evidence from the Philippines}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Massey1993,
	Author = {Massey, D.S. and Arango, J. and Hugo, G. and Kouaouci, A. and Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J.E.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey et al. - 1993 - Theories of international migration a review and appraisal.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population and Development Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {431--466},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2938462},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2938462}}

@article{Salehyan2008,
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2008 - The Externalities of Civil Strife Refugees as a Source of International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {787--801},
	Title = {{The Externalities of Civil Strife: Refugees as a Source of International Conflict}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Meyer2001,
	Author = {Meyer, Jean-Baptiste},
	Doi = {10.1111/1468-2435.00173},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meyer - 2001 - Network Approach versus Brain Drain Lessons from the Diaspora.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-7985},
	Journal = {International Migration},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {91--110},
	Title = {{Network Approach versus Brain Drain: Lessons from the Diaspora}},
	Url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/1468-2435.00173},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/1468-2435.00173},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00173}}

@article{Omelicheva2011,
	Author = {Omelicheva, Mariya Y.},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050629.2011.622653},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Omelicheva - 2011 - Natural Disasters Triggers of Political Instability.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {441--465},
	Title = {{Natural Disasters: Triggers of Political Instability?}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629.2011.622653},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629.2011.622653},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2011.622653}}

@article{Tol2009,
	Author = {Tol, Richard S. J. and Wagner, Sebastian},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tol, Wagner - 2009 - Climate Change and Violent Conflict in Europe Over the Last Millennium.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {65--79},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Violent Conflict in Europe Over the Last Millennium}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2}}

@article{Hatton2010,
	Author = {Hatton, Timothy J.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00633.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hatton - 2010 - The Cliometrics of International Migration A Survey.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09500804},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Surveys},
	Keywords = {economic history,international migration},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {941--969},
	Title = {{The Cliometrics of International Migration: A Survey}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00633.x},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00633.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00633.x}}

@article{Boyd1989,
	Author = {Boyd, M.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Boyd - 1989 - Family and Personal Networks in International Migration Recent Developments and New Agendas.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International migration review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {638--670},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546433},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546433}}

@article{Rogan2005,
	Author = {Rogan, Ruth and O'Connor, Moira and Horwitz, Pierre},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.03.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rogan, O'Connor, Horwitz - 2005 - Nowhere to hide Awareness and perceptions of environmental change, and their influence on relationsh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {02724944},
	Journal = {Journal of Environmental Psychology},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {147--158},
	Title = {{Nowhere to hide: Awareness and perceptions of environmental change, and their influence on relationships with place}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272494405000241},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272494405000241},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.03.001}}

@article{VanDalen2010,
	Author = {van Dalen, H.P. and Henkens, K.},
	Doi = {10.1002/psp},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/van Dalen, Henkens - 2010 - Explaining low international labour mobility the role of networks, personality, and perceived labour market.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population, Space and Place},
	Keywords = {labour mobility,migration},
	Pages = {31--44},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Explaining low international labour mobility: the role of networks, personality, and perceived labour market opportunities}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp.642/abstract},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp.642/abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp}}

@article{Hauge1998,
	Abstract = {A great deal of recent writing has indicated that growing scarcities of renewable resources can con- tribute to conflict. Most of this research, however, suffers from two major methodological weaknesses: lack of variation in the independent and dependent variables, and the absence of control for other con- flict-generating factors. As one of the first large-N studies of the relationship between environmental degradation and domestic armed conflict, this article takes on these challenges. On the basis of a mul- tivariate analysis for all countries in the period 1980-92 we test and confirm the hypotheses (as indi- cated from various case-studies) that factors like deforestation, land degradation, and scarce supply of freshwater, alone and in combination with high population density, increase the risk of domestic armed conflict, especially low-level conflict. This holds true also when we control for economic and political factors, such as level of economic development and type of political regime. The latter variables, how- ever, prove more decisive than environmental scarcity in predicting the incidence of domestic armed conflict. The severity of such conflicts is better accounted for by military expenditure than by environ- mental degradation, poverty or non-democratic rule.},
	Author = {Hauge, W. and Ellingsen, T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hauge, Ellingsen - 1998 - Beyond Environmental Scarcity Causal Pathways to Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {299--317},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {{Beyond Environmental Scarcity: Causal Pathways to Conflict}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/35/3/299.short},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/35/3/299.short}}

@unpublished{Ratner2010,
	Author = {Ratner, B.D. and Meinzen-Dick, R. and May, C. and Haglund, E.},
	Number = {100},
	Title = {{Resource Conflict, Collective Action, and Resilience: An Analytical Framework}},
	Url = {http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/7072},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/7072}}

@article{Dutta2011,
	Author = {Dutta, Nabamita and Roy, Sanjukta},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00619.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dutta, Roy - 2011 - Do Potential Skilled Emigrants Care about Political Stability at Home.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {13636669},
	Journal = {Review of Development Economics},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {442--457},
	Title = {{Do Potential Skilled Emigrants Care about Political Stability at Home?}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00619.x},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00619.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00619.x}}

@unpublished{Ruyssen2011,
	Author = {Ruyssen, Ilse and Everaert, Gerdie and Rayp, Glenn},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ruyssen, Everaert, Rayp - 2011 - Determinants of International Migration to the OECD in a Three-Way Dynamic Panel Framework.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {January},
	Title = {{Determinants of International Migration to the OECD in a Three-Way Dynamic Panel Framework}},
	Year = {2011}}

@unpublished{Hunter2009,
	Author = {Hunter, Lori M},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hunter - 2009 - Climate Change and Migration Considering the Gender Dimensions.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {University of Colorado at Boulder Institute of Behavioral Science},
	Number = {November},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Migration : Considering the Gender Dimensions}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Cheong2007,
	Author = {Cheong, P. H. and Edwards, R. and Goulbourne, H. and Solomos, J.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0261018307072206},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cheong et al. - 2007 - Immigration, social cohesion and social capital A critical review.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0261-0183},
	Journal = {Critical Social Policy},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {24--49},
	Title = {{Immigration, social cohesion and social capital: A critical review}},
	Url = {http://csp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0261018307072206},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://csp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0261018307072206},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018307072206}}

@incollection{Ahmad1996,
	Address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
	Author = {Ahmad, Qazi Kholiquzzaman and Warrick, R. A. and Ericksen, Neil J. and Mirza, M. Q.},
	Booktitle = {The Implications of Climate and Sea-Level Change for Bangladesh},
	Editor = {Warrick, R.A. and Ahmad, Q.K.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ahmad et al. - 1996 - The Implications of Climate Change for Bangladesh A Synthesis.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {1--34},
	Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	Title = {{The Implications of Climate Change for Bangladesh: A Synthesis}},
	Year = {1996}}

@unpublished{Gleditsch2011a,
	Annote = {This article has a good model of the climate/conflict thesis on page 5.},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch - 2011 - Regional Conflict and Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Paper prepared for the workshop on Research on Climate Change Impacts and Associated Economic Damages, Washington, DC, 27--28 January 2011;},
	Number = {2009},
	Pages = {1--21},
	Title = {{Regional Conflict and Climate Change}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Norris2008,
	Abstract = {Communities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non-disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities--Economic Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community Competence--that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities, engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires flexibility, decision-making skills, and trusted sources of information that function in the face of unknowns.},
	Author = {Norris, Fran H and Stevens, Susan P and Pfefferbaum, Betty and Wyche, Karen F and Pfefferbaum, Rose L},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Norris et al. - 2008 - Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0091-0562},
	Journal = {American journal of community psychology},
	Keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological,Consumer Participation,Disaster Planning,Humans,Models, Theoretical,Residence Characteristics,Social Support},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {127--50},
	Pmid = {18157631},
	Title = {{Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157631},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157631},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6}}

@unpublished{Salehyan2005,
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2005 - Refugees, Climate Change, and Instability.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {June},
	Title = {{Refugees, Climate Change, and Instability}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Nooteboom2007,
	Author = {Nooteboom, Bart},
	Doi = {10.1080/00346760601132154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nooteboom - 2007 - Social capital, institutions and trust.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0034-6764},
	Journal = {Review of Social Economy},
	Keywords = {control,institutions,reliability,social capital,trust},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--53},
	Title = {{Social capital, institutions and trust}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00346760601132154},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00346760601132154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00346760601132154}}

@article{Anderson2004,
	Author = {Anderson, Lisa R and Mellor, Jennifer M and Milyo, Jeffrey},
	Doi = {10.1257/0002828041302082},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anderson, Mellor, Milyo - 2004 - Social Capital and Contributions in a Public-Goods Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0002-8282},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Month = may,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {373--376},
	Title = {{Social Capital and Contributions in a Public-Goods Experiment}},
	Url = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0002828041302082},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0002828041302082},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302082}}

@article{Salehyan2006,
	Annote = {[C]ountries that experience an influx of refugees from neighboring states are significantly more likely to experience civil wars themselves (338). [R]efugees can lead to the spread of violence through the expansion of rebel social networks and by posing negative externalities for receiving areas (339). 
        
      },
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818306060103},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan, Gleditsch - 2006 - Refugees and the Spread of Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {335--366},
	Title = {{Refugees and the Spread of Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818306060103},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818306060103},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818306060103}}

@article{Brown,
	Author = {Brown, D.D. and Kulig, J.C.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brown, Kulig - Unknown - The Concept of Resiliency Theoretical Lessons from Community Research.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Health and Canadian Society},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--50},
	Publisher = {Health and Canadian Society},
	Title = {{The Concept of Resiliency: Theoretical Lessons from Community Research}},
	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:The+Concept+of+Resiliency:+Theoretical+Lessons+from+Community+Research\#0},
	Volume = {4},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%5C&btnG=Search%5C&q=intitle:The+Concept+of+Resiliency:+Theoretical+Lessons+from+Community+Research%5C#0}}

@article{Ahmed,
	Author = {Ahmed, Rashid and Seedat, Mohamed and {Van Niekerk}, Ashley and Bulbulia, Samed},
	Journal = {South African Journal of Psychology},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {386--408},
	Title = {{Discerning community resilience in disadvantaged communities in the context of violence and injury prevention}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2004}}

@article{Karlan2005,
	Author = {Karlan, DS},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Karlan - 2005 - Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1688--1699},
	Title = {{Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4132772},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4132772}}

@article{Ganor2003,
	Author = {Ganor, Michael and Ben-Lavy, Yuli},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ganor, Ben-Lavy - 2003 - Community resilience lessons derived from gilo under fire.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Jewish Communal Service},
	Number = {Winter/Spring},
	Pages = {105--108},
	Title = {{Community resilience: lessons derived from gilo under fire}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Lee1966,
	Author = {Lee, Everett S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee - 1966 - A Theory of Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Demography},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {47--57},
	Title = {{A Theory of Migration}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1966}}

@article{Adger2000b,
	Author = {Adger, W.N.},
	Doi = {10.1191/030913200701540465},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adger - 2000 - Social and ecological resilience are they related.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {03091325},
	Journal = {Progress in Human Geography},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {347--364},
	Title = {{Social and ecological resilience: are they related?}},
	Url = {http://phg.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1191/030913200701540465},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://phg.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1191/030913200701540465},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465}}

@article{Tertrais2011,
	Author = {Tertrais, Bruno},
	Doi = {10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tertrais - 2011 - The Climate Wars Myth.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0163-660X},
	Journal = {The Washington Quarterly},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {17--29},
	Title = {{The Climate Wars Myth}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951}}

@article{Cohen2008,
	Author = {Cohen, C. and Werker, E. D.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002708322157},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cohen, Werker - 2008 - The Political Economy of Natural'' Disasters.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {795--819},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of "Natural'' Disasters}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002708322157},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002708322157},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002708322157}}

@article{Homer-Dixon1991,
	Author = {Homer-Dixon, T.F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Homer-Dixon - 1991 - On the Threshold Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {76--116},
	Title = {{On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Massey1990,
	Author = {Massey, Douglas S.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey - 1990 - Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population Index},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--26},
	Title = {{Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {1990}}

@techreport{Hatton2003,
	Author = {Hatton, Timothy J and Williamson, Jeffrey G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hatton, Williamson - 2003 - What Fundamentals Drive World Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {World Institute for Development Economics Research},
	Isbn = {9291904287},
	Keywords = {1 university of essex,2 harvard university,copyright \~{a} unu,demographic economics,emigration,f22,immigration,j1,jel classification,migration,o15,poverty,uk,usa,wider 2003},
	Title = {{What Fundamentals Drive World Migration ?}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Myers2002,
	Abstract = {There is a new phenomenon in the global arena: environmental refugees. These are people who can no longer gain a secure livelihood in their homelands because of drought, soil erosion, desertification, deforestation and other environmental problems, together with the associated problems of population pressures and profound poverty. In their desperation, these people feel they have no alternative but to seek sanctuary elsewhere, however hazardous the attempt. Not all of them have fled their countries, many being internally displaced. But all have abandoned their homelands on a semi-permanent if not permanent basis, with little hope of a foreseeable return. In 1995, environmental refugees totalled at least 25 million people, compared with 27 million traditional refugees (people fleeing political oppression, religious persecution and ethnic troubles). The total number of environmental refugees could well double by the year 2010, and increase steadily for a good while thereafter as growing numbers of impoverished people press ever harder on overloaded environments. When global warming takes hold, there could be as many as 200 million people overtaken by sea-level rise and coastal flooding, by disruptions of monsoon systems and other rainfall regimes, and by droughts of unprecedented severity and duration.},
	Author = {Myers, Norman},
	Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2001.0953},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Myers - 2002 - Environmental refugees a growing phenomenon of the 21st century.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0962-8436},
	Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London},
	Keywords = {Disasters,Emigration and Immigration,Emigration and Immigration: trends,Environment,Haiti,Population Dynamics,Public Policy,Refugees},
	Month = apr,
	Pages = {609--13},
	Pmid = {12028796},
	Title = {{Environmental refugees: a growing phenomenon of the 21st century.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1692964\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {357},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1692964%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0953}}

@misc{UnitedNationsVideos2009a,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Guatemala: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS9r1MwGK0\&feature=relmfu.},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS9r1MwGK0%5C&feature=relmfu.}}

@article{DeJong2000,
	Author = {{De Jong}, Gordon F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/De Jong - 2000 - Expectations, Gender, and Norms in Migration Decision-Making.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {307--319},
	Title = {{Expectations, Gender, and Norms in Migration Decision-Making}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000}}

@book{Jenson,
	Author = {Jenson, Jane},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jenson - 2010 - Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9781849290234},
	Title = {{Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Mirza2010,
	Author = {Mirza, M. Monirul Qader},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mirza - 2010 - Climate change, flooding in South Asia and implications.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1436-3798},
	Journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
	Keywords = {climate change \'{a} flooding,crop,damage \'{a} food security,\'{a} south asia \'{a}},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {S1},
	Pages = {95--107},
	Title = {{Climate change, flooding in South Asia and implications}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7}}

@book{Moran2011,
	Address = {Washington},
	Editor = {Moran, Daniel},
	Isbn = {1589017412},
	Publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
	Title = {{Climate Change and National Security: A Country-Level Analysis}},
	Url = {http://www.amazon.com/Climate-Change-National-Security-Country-Level/dp/1589017412/ref=sr\_1\_1?ie=UTF8\&qid=1326919667\&sr=8-1},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.amazon.com/Climate-Change-National-Security-Country-Level/dp/1589017412/ref=sr%5C_1%5C_1?ie=UTF8%5C&qid=1326919667%5C&sr=8-1}}

@article{Janmaat2010,
	Author = {Janmaat, Jan Germen},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11205-010-9604-9},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Janmaat - 2010 - Social Cohesion as a Real-life Phenomenon Assessing the Explanatory Power of the Universalist and Particularist Perspec.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1120501096049},
	Issn = {0303-8300},
	Journal = {Social Indicators Research},
	Keywords = {capitalism \'{a},culture,social cohesion \'{a} modernization,theory \'{a} varieties of,welfare regimes \'{a} civic},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {61--83},
	Title = {{Social Cohesion as a Real-life Phenomenon: Assessing the Explanatory Power of the Universalist and Particularist Perspectives}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-010-9604-9},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-010-9604-9},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9604-9}}

@article{Fearon2009,
	Author = {Fearon, JD and Humphreys, M and Weinstein, Jeremy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Humphreys, Weinstein - 2009 - Can Development Aid Contribute to Social cohesion after civil war Evidence from a Field Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {287--291},
	Title = {{Can Development Aid Contribute to Social cohesion after civil war? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25592413},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25592413}}

@article{Marandola2007,
	Author = {Marandola, Eduardo and Hogan, Daniel Joseph},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Marandola, Hogan - 2007 - Vulnerabilities and risks in population and environment studies.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0199-0039},
	Journal = {Population and Environment},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {83--112},
	Title = {{Vulnerabilities and risks in population and environment studies}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7}}

@article{Paton2001,
	Author = {Paton, Douglas and Millar, Marian and Johnston, David},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Paton, Millar, Johnston - 2001 - Community Resilience to Volcanic Hazard Consequences.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Natural Hazards},
	Keywords = {community,resilience,risk perception,ruapehu,volcanic hazard},
	Pages = {157--169},
	Title = {{Community Resilience to Volcanic Hazard Consequences}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Eyes2009,
	Author = {Attanasio, Orazio and Pellerano, Luca and Reyes, Sandra Polania},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Attanasio, Pellerano, Reyes - 2009 - Building Trust Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes and Social Capital.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Fiscal Studies},
	Keywords = {c92,cash transfer programmes,collective action,cooperation,d7,d85,economic experiments,h41,jel classification numbers,public goods provision,social capital,social networks,vcm},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {139--177},
	Title = {{Building Trust ? Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes and Social Capital *}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Haas2010,
	Author = {de Haas, Hein},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/de Haas - 2010 - The internal dynamics of migration processes a theoretical inquiry.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
	Keywords = {feedback,migration systems,migration theory,networks,social capital},
	Number = {10},
	Pages = {1587--1617},
	Title = {{The internal dynamics of migration processes: a theoretical inquiry}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369183X.2010.489361},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369183X.2010.489361}}

@article{Datta2004a,
	Author = {Datta, Pranati},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Datta - 2004 - Push-Pull Factors of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal A Perception Study.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Qualitative Report},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {335--358},
	Title = {{Push-Pull Factors of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal : A Perception Study}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2004}}

@techreport{DeHaas2011,
	Author = {de Haas, Hein},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/de Haas - 2011 - The determinants of international migration Conceptualizing policy, origin and destination effects.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {University of Oxford International Migration Institute},
	Number = {April},
	Pages = {1--35},
	Title = {{The determinants of international migration: Conceptualizing policy, origin and destination effects}},
	Year = {2011}}

@inproceedings{Meher2011,
	Author = {Meher, M. K. and Patra, H. S. and Sethy, K. M},
	Booktitle = {Disaster Risk Vulnerablity Conference},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meher, Patra, Sethy - 2011 - Creating an empirically derived community resilience index for disaster prone area A case study from Oriss.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {23--26},
	Title = {{Creating an empirically derived community resilience index for disaster prone area : A case study from Orissa}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Izazola1998,
	Author = {Izazola, Haydea and Mart\'{\i}nez, Carolina and Marquette, Catherine},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Izazola, Mart\'{\i}nez, Marquette - 1998 - Environmental perceptions , social class and demographic change in Mexico City a comparative app.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment and Urbanization},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {107--118},
	Title = {{Environmental perceptions , social class and demographic change in Mexico City : a comparative approach}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Reuveny2007,
	Annote = {Notes that people are less likely to "exit" when people have no substitutes or when loyalty is high (657). Loyalty --> social cohesion? 
        
Network, pull, and push. 
        
Four channels through which migration can cause conflict (and may act concurrently):
1. Competition over resources in receiving area.
2. Ethnic tension
3. Distrust b/w sending/receiving states.
4. Existing socioeconomic fault lines (rural/urban, pastoralists/resident farmers)
        
Development/stability in receiving state affects likelihood of conflict. 
        
Abstract: In a world of rising sea levels and melting glaciers, climate change is most likely occurring but withuncertain overall effects. I argue that we can predict the effects of climate change on migration by explor- ing the effects of environmental problems on migration in recent decades. People can adapt to these prob- lems by staying in place and doing nothing, staying in place and mitigating the problems, or leaving the affected areas. The choice between these options will depend on the extent of problems and mitigation capabilities. People living in lesser developed countries may be more likely to leave affected areas, which may cause conflict in receiving areas. My findings support this theory, and suggest certain policy impli- cations for climate change.},
	Author = {Reuveny, R},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.05.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reuveny - 2007 - Climate Change-induced Migration and Violent Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {climate change,conflict,migration},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {656--673},
	Title = {{Climate Change-induced Migration and Violent Conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000601},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000601},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.05.001}}

@article{Nordas2007,
	Annote = {The prospect of human-induced climate change encourages drastic neomalthusian scenarios. A number of claims about the conflict-inducing effects of climate change have surfaced in the public debate in recent years. Climate change has so many potential consequences for the physical environment that we could expect a large number of possible paths to conflict. However, the causal chains suggested in the literature have so far rarely been substantiated with reliable evidence. Given the combined uncertainties of climate and conflict research, the gaps in our knowledge about the consequences of climate change for conflict and security appear daunting. Social scientists are now beginning to respond to this challenge.We present some of the problems and opportunities in this line of research, summarize the contributions in this special issue, and discuss how the security concerns of climate change can be investigated more systematically.},
	Author = {Nordas, R and Gleditsch, N},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.003},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nordas, Gleditsch - 2007 - Climate Change and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {armed conflict,climate change,ipcc,resource scarcity},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {627--638},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000856},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000856},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.003}}

@article{Reuveny2008,
	Annote = {Four mechanisms:
1. In-migration causes competition for resources b/w host and migrants.
2. Existing ethnic balance is upset by migration.
3. In-migration allows receiving state to exploit for future gain, or possibly the receiving state sees the sender as using migrant flows strategically.
4. Conflict may follow existing fault lines. },
	Author = {Reuveny, Rafael},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reuveny - 2008 - Ecomigration and Violent Conflict Case Studies and Public Policy Implications.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0300-7839},
	Journal = {Human Ecology},
	Keywords = {bangladesh,climate change,great plains,hurricane katrina,population movements},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--13},
	Title = {{Ecomigration and Violent Conflict: Case Studies and Public Policy Implications}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5}}

@article{Weiner1992,
	Author = {Weiner, Myron},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weiner - 1992 - Security, Stability, and International Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {91--126},
	Title = {{Security, Stability, and International Migration}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{Lonergan1998,
	Abstract = {This article answers a series of questions about the role of environmental degradation in population displacement, refugee movement, and migration. The environment tends not to be included in the reasons for migration. Roger's indicators of migration potential include population growth, economic restructuring, increased economic disparities, and increased refugee flows. Myers (1993) estimated that international displacement and internal displacement may amount to about 25 million and may rise to 150 million by 2050. The role of the environment in displacement must be examined in the broader political and cultural context. Definitions of environmental refugees are ambiguous and inconsistent, and research has not answered why people continue to move to Mexico City and Chongqing, China, which both have very high levels of pollution. El-Hinnawi (1985) defined 3 groups of environmental refugees: those displaced due to natural disasters; those displaced due to permanent habitat changes; and those displaced who migrated from areas that cannot support their basic needs and who desire an improved quality of life. Lonergan (1994) identified environmental stresses as natural disasters, cumulative or slow-onset changes, accidental disruptions or industrial accidents, development projects, and conflict and warfare. These 5 causes must be treated separately and not lumped together as environmental degradation. Shoreline erosion, coastal flooding, and agricultural disruption associated with climate change may increase migration. Global measures must address world poverty and promote sustainable development.},
	Author = {Lonergan, S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lonergan - 1998 - The Role of Environmental Degradation in Population Displacement.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1091-9988},
	Journal = {Environmental Change and Security Project report},
	Keywords = {Demography,Emigration and Immigration,Environment,Health Planning Guidelines,Population,Population Dynamics,Public Policy,Refugees,Transients and Migrants},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {5--15},
	Pmid = {12321719},
	Title = {{The Role of Environmental Degradation in Population Displacement}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12321719},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12321719}}

@article{Warner2009a,
	Abstract = {Climate change will have a progressively increasing impact on environmental degradation and environmentally dependent socio-economic systems with potential to cause substantial population displacement. The key concerns in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) will include serious threats to food security and health, considerable economic decline, inundation of coastal areas, and degradation of land and fresh water resources (Reuveny in Polit Geogr, 2007). The relationship between environmental change and potential humanitarian crises has been captured by: McGregor (Geography and refugees: patterns and processes of change, Belhaven Press, London, pp 159--70, 1993), Kibreab (Environment and Population Change, International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Lie `ge, 1994), Kibreab (Disasters 21(1):20--38, 1997), Myers (Bioscience 43:752--761, 1993), Myers and Kent (Environmental exodus: an emergent crisis in the global arena, Climate Institute, Washington, DC, 1995), Black (New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper no. 34, 2001), Lee (Environmental matters: conflict, refugees and international relations, World Human Development Institute Press, Seoul and Tokyo, 2001), Castles (Environmental Change and Induced Migration: Making Sense of the Debate Working Paper No. 70, 2002), Christian Aid (Human tide: the real migration crisis, Christian Aid, London, 2007), and Massey et al. (http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/ pdf/rr07-615.pdf, 2007). However, we know little about the interplay between environ- mental change and stresses on ecological systems, resulting socio-economic vulnerability and potential outcomes in terms of population displacement or induced migration. So far these relationships are poorly conceptualized, lack systematic investigation, and are reduced to simplistic causal explanations. This leads to misleading conclusions that deny the complex multivariate processes---environmental, political, social, and economic--- which are the root causes of environmentally induced migration and/or conflict. When people are faced with severe environmental degradation they have one of three options: (1) stay and adapt to mitigate the effects; (2) stay, do nothing and accept a lower quality of life; or (3) leave the affected area. The process of movement and migration is usually subject to a complex set of push and pull forces, where push forces relate to the source area while pull factors relate to the destination. These forces are in constant flux, as much as environmental change, and interact with socio-economic and political conditions including state or government decision making powers, which can tip the balance at any point by either denying movement or the right to settle elsewhere. The paper focuses on how environmental change and environmental hazards contribute to the migration by exploring the mechanisms through which vulnerability and migration are linked---via livelihoods, relocation policies, and other factors. The paper begins by outlining important definitions of what is environmentally induced migration. The paper also considers the question of whether migration is a process that reduces or increases vulnerability. The paper draws on multidisciplinary literature including ecology, environment, and climate change; sociology of migration; anthropology of displacement; and economics; but also on preliminary from various case studies in Egypt, Vietnam, and Mozambique.},
	Author = {Warner, K. and Hamza, M. and Oliver-Smith, A. and Renaud, F. and Julca, A.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Warner et al. - 2009 - Climate change, environmental degradation and migration.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0921-030X},
	Journal = {Natural Hazards},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {689--715},
	Title = {{Climate change, environmental degradation and migration}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7}}

@article{Black2011a,
	Author = {Black, Richard and Kniveton, Dominic and Schmidt-Verkerk, Kerstin},
	Doi = {10.1068/a43154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Black, Kniveton, Schmidt-Verkerk - 2011 - Migration and climate change towards an integrated assessment of sensitivity.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0308-518X},
	Journal = {Environment and Planning},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {431--450},
	Title = {{Migration and climate change: towards an integrated assessment of sensitivity}},
	Url = {http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a43154},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a43154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a43154}}

@article{Meze-Hausken2008,
	Author = {Meze-Hausken, Elisabeth},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meze-Hausken - 2008 - On the (im-)possibilities of defining human climate thresholds.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3-4},
	Pages = {299--324},
	Title = {{On the (im-)possibilities of defining human climate thresholds}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7}}

@article{Theisen2008,
	Author = {Theisen, O. Magnus},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343308096157},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Theisen - 2008 - Blood and Soil Resource Scarcity and Internal Armed Conflict Revisited.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {801--818},
	Title = {{Blood and Soil? Resource Scarcity and Internal Armed Conflict Revisited}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343308096157},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343308096157},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308096157}}

@article{Bertocchi2010,
	Author = {Bertocchi, Graziella and Strozzi, Chiara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bertocchi, Strozzi - 2010 - The Evolution of Citizenship Economic and Institutional Determinants.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Law and Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {95--136},
	Title = {{The Evolution of Citizenship : Economic and Institutional Determinants}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Bruneau2003,
	Author = {Bruneau, Michel and Chang, Stephanie E. and Eguchi, Ronald T. and Lee, George C. and O'Rourke, Thomas D. and Reinhorn, Andrei M. and Shinozuka, Masanobu and Tierney, Kathleen and Wallace, William a. and von Winterfeldt, Detlof},
	Doi = {10.1193/1.1623497},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bruneau et al. - 2003 - A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {87552930},
	Journal = {Earthquake Spectra},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {733},
	Title = {{A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities}},
	Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/EASPEF/v19/i4/p733/s1\&Agg=doi},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/EASPEF/v19/i4/p733/s1%5C&Agg=doi},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1623497}}

@article{Weiner1985,
	Author = {Weiner, Myron},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00245.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weiner - 1985 - On International Migration and International Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1341-8076},
	Journal = {Population and Development Review},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {441--455},
	Pmid = {15669984},
	Title = {{On International Migration and International Relations}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00245.x}}

@article{Castles2003,
	Author = {Castles, S.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Castles - 2003 - Towards a Sociology of Forced Migration and Social Transformation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0038-0385},
	Journal = {Sociology},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {13--34},
	Title = {{Towards a Sociology of Forced Migration and Social Transformation}},
	Url = {http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038503037001384}}

@article{Meier2007,
	Author = {Meier, P and Bond, D and Bond, J},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meier, Bond, Bond - 2007 - Environmental Influences on Pastoral Conflict in the Horn of Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {716--735},
	Title = {{Environmental Influences on Pastoral Conflict in the Horn of Africa}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000820},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000820},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.001}}

@unpublished{Adnan2011,
	Author = {Adnan, Shapan},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adnan - 2011 - Resistance to Accumulation by Dispossession in the Context Of Neoliberal Capitalism And Globalization Struggles for Defe.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {International Conference on Global Land Grabbing},
	Number = {April},
	Pages = {1--28},
	Title = {{Resistance to Accumulation by Dispossession in the Context Of Neoliberal Capitalism And Globalization : Struggles for Defending and Gaining Land Rights by the Poor Peasantry in the Noakhali Chars Of Bangladesh Global Land Grabbing}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Gleditsch1998,
	Author = {Gleditsch, N. P.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343398035003007},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch - 1998 - Armed Conflict and The Environment A Critique of the Literature.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = may,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {381--400},
	Title = {{Armed Conflict and The Environment: A Critique of the Literature}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343398035003007},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343398035003007},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343398035003007}}

@article{Fearon2011,
	Abstract = {In nearly a third of ethnic civil wars since 1945, the conflict develops between members of a regional ethnic group that considers itself to be the indigenous ``sons of the soil'' and recent migrants from other parts of the country. The migrants are typically members of the dominant ethnic group who migrate in search of land or government jobs, often supported by the state with economic incentives and development schemes. This paper elaborates on the concept of a sons-of-the-soil conflict; presents descriptive statistics and empirical patterns; identifies a typical escalation sequence; illustrates the several steps with an account of the Tamil-Sinhalese conflict along with other cases; discusses the obstacles to negotiated settlements; and concludes with a suggestion on the role of grievances in explaining civil war onsets.},
	Annote = {The authors discuss cases where governments actively supported migration and cases where migration occurred without government coordination, but they do not go deep enough into this issue. In the former case, I think there might be some endogeneity issues. If the government is actively supporting one side and not the other, then it is unsurprising that migration leads to conflict between majority/minority ethnic groups. },
	Author = {Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.031},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Laitin - 2011 - Sons of the Soil, Migrants, and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305750X},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Keywords = {civil war,ethnic conflict,grievances,internal migration,sons of the soil,sri lanka},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {199--211},
	Title = {{Sons of the Soil, Migrants, and Civil War}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X10002032},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X10002032},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.031}}

@article{Woodruff2007,
	Author = {Woodruff, Christopher and Zenteno, Rene},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.03.006},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Woodruff, Zenteno - 2007 - Migration networks and microenterprises in Mexico.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
	Keywords = {capital networks,microenterprises,migration,remittances},
	Pages = {509--528},
	Title = {{Migration networks and microenterprises in Mexico}},
	Volume = {82},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.03.006}}

@unpublished{Fearon2011a,
	Author = {Fearon, James D and Humphreys, Macartan and Weinstein, Jeremy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Humphreys, Weinstein - 2011 - Democratic Institutions and Collective Action Capacity Results from a Field Experiment in Post-Co.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {August},
	Title = {{Democratic Institutions and Collective Action Capacity : Results from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Connor1999,
	Author = {O'Connor, Robert E O and Bord, Richard J and Fisher, Ann},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/O'Connor, Bord, Fisher - 1999 - Risk Perceptions , General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Risk Analysis},
	Keywords = {climate change,environmental beliefs,knowledge,risk perceptions},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {461--471},
	Title = {{Risk Perceptions , General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Mckenzie2010,
	Author = {Mckenzie, David and Rapoport, Hillel},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mckenzie, Rapoport - 2010 - Self-selection patterns in mexico-u.s. migration the role of migration networks.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {811--821},
	Title = {{Self-selection patterns in mexico-u.s. migration: the role of migration networks}},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Cardenas2000,
	Author = {Cardenas, Juan-Camilo},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cardenas - 2000 - How Do Groups Solve Local Commons Dilemmas Lessons from Experimental Economics in the Field.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment, Development and Sustainability},
	Pages = {305--322},
	Title = {{How Do Groups Solve Local Commons Dilemmas? Lessons from Experimental Economics in the Field}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2000}}

@unpublished{Gleditsch2007,
	Annote = {This article has good summaries of further reading at the end!},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Nils Petter and Nord\aa s, Ragnhild},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch, Nord\aa s - 2007 - Climate Change and Conflict The Migration Link Coping with Crisis International Peace Academy.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {International Peace Academy},
	Number = {May},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict : The Migration Link Coping with Crisis International Peace Academy}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Dixon2009,
	Author = {Dixon, Jeffrey},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00892.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dixon - 2009 - What Causes Civil Wars Integrating Quantitative Research Findings.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15219488},
	Journal = {International Studies Review},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {707--735},
	Title = {{What Causes Civil Wars? Integrating Quantitative Research Findings}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00892.x},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00892.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00892.x}}

@techreport{Elliott2011a,
	Author = {Elliott, Lorraine},
	Booktitle = {International Studies},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Elliott - 2011 - Climate Migration Why it is a Human Security Issue.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {RSIS Commentaries},
	Title = {{Climate Migration: Why it is a Human Security Issue}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Vergolini2011,
	Author = {Vergolini, L.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0020715211405421},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vergolini - 2011 - Social cohesion in Europe How do the different dimensions of inequality affect social cohesion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-7152},
	Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
	Keywords = {1,and why do we,care,definition,economic condition,europe,raises two distinct issues,social cohesion,social position,the first regards its,the second the,the social cohesion theme,welfare regimes,what is social cohesion},
	Month = may,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {197--214},
	Title = {{Social cohesion in Europe: How do the different dimensions of inequality affect social cohesion?}},
	Url = {http://cos.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0020715211405421},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cos.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0020715211405421},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715211405421}}

@article{McLeman2006,
	Author = {McLeman, R. and Smit, B.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-005-9000-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McLeman, Smit - 2006 - Migration as an Adaptation to Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {31--53},
	Title = {{Migration as an Adaptation to Climate Change}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-005-9000-7},
	Volume = {76},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-005-9000-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-9000-7}}

@article{Sonn1998,
	Author = {Sonn, C.C. and Fisher, A.T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sonn, Fisher - 1998 - Sense of Community Community Resilient Responses to Oppression and Change.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {457--472},
	Title = {{Sense of Community: Community Resilient Responses to Oppression and Change}},
	Url = {http://eprints.vu.edu.au/971/1/communityresilience\_(2).pdf},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://eprints.vu.edu.au/971/1/communityresilience%5C_(2).pdf}}

@techreport{UN2011,
	Annote = {Look at pages 179-180, around there},
	Author = {UN},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/UN - 2011 - Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development An International Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division},
	Title = {{Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development: An International Perspective}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Adger2002,
	Abstract = {We argue that all aspects of demographic change, including migration, impact on the social resilience of individuals and communities, as well as on the sustainability of the underlying resource base. Social resilience is the ability to cope with and adapt to environmental and social change mediated through appropriate institutions. We investigate one aspect of the relationship between demographic change, social resilience, and sustainable development in contemporary coastal Vietnam: the effects of migration and remittances on resource-dependent communities in population source areas. We find, using longitudinal data on livelihood sources, that emigration and remittances have offsetting effects on resilience within an evolving social and political context. Emigration is occurring concurrently with, not driving, the expansion of unsustainable coastal aquaculture. Increasing economic inequality also undermines social resilience. At the same time diversification and increasing income levels are beneficial for resilience.},
	Author = {Adger, W Neil and Kelly, P Mick and Winkels, Alexandra and Huy, Luong Quang and Locke, Catherine},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adger et al. - 2002 - Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0044-7447},
	Journal = {Ambio},
	Keywords = {Animals,Aquaculture,Conservation of Natural Resources,Demography,Emigration and Immigration,Humans,Income,Social Conditions,Vietnam},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {358--66},
	Pmid = {12174607},
	Title = {{Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174607},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174607}}

@article{Schachter1982,
	Author = {Schachter, Joseph and Althaus, Paul G.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schachter, Althaus - 1982 - Neighborhood Quality and Climate as Factors in U.S. Net Migration Patterns, 1974-76.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0002-9246},
	Journal = {American Journal of Economics and Sociology},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {387--400},
	Title = {{Neighborhood Quality and Climate as Factors in U.S. Net Migration Patterns, 1974-76}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1982},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x}}

@unpublished{Valsecchi2011,
	Author = {Valsecchi, Michele},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Valsecchi - 2011 - Land Property Rights and International Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {University of Gothenburg},
	Pages = {1--77},
	Title = {{Land Property Rights and International Migration}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Bardsley2010,
	Abstract = {The implications of environmental change for migration are little understood. Migration as a response to climate change could be seen as a failure of in situ adaptation methods, or migration could be alternatively perceived as a rational component of creative adaptation to environmental risk. This paper frames migration as part of an adaptation response to climate change impacts to natural resource condition and environmental hazards. Thresholds will be reached by communities after which migration will become a vital component of an effective adaptation response. Such changes to migration patterns have the potential to undermine migration policy unless appropriate preparations are undertaken. This paper describes an approach to assist researchers to frame how climate change will influence migration by critically analysing how thresholds of fundamental change to migration patterns could be identified, primarily in relation to two case studies in Nepal and Thailand. Future policy for internal and international migration could be guided by the analysis of such thresholds of non-linear migration and resourced effectively to ensure that socio-economic and humanitarian outcomes are maximised.},
	Author = {Bardsley, Douglas K. and Hugo, Graeme J.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bardsley, Hugo - 2010 - Migration and Climate Change Examining Thresholds of Change to Guide Effective Adaptation Decision-making.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0199-0039},
	Journal = {Population and Environment},
	Keywords = {migration \'{a} climate change,risk \'{a} nepal \'{a},thailand,\'{a} adaptation \'{a} thresholds,\'{a} environmental},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {2-3},
	Pages = {238--262},
	Title = {{Migration and Climate Change: Examining Thresholds of Change to Guide Effective Adaptation Decision-making}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9}}

@book{Piguet2011,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Editor = {Piguet, Etienne and Pecoud, Antoine and {De Guchteneire}, Paul},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Migration and Climate Change}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Nel2008,
	Author = {Nel, Philip and Righarts, Marjolein},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nel, Righarts - 2008 - Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {159--185},
	Title = {{Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x}}

@article{Deligiannis2012,
	Author = {Deligiannis, Tom},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Deligiannis - 2012 - The Evolution of Environment-Conflict Research Toward a Livelihood Framework.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {78--100},
	Title = {{The Evolution of Environment-Conflict Research : Toward a Livelihood Framework}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Barnett2000,
	Author = {Barnett, J.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett - 2000 - Destabilizing the Environment -- Conflict Thesis.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Review of International Studies},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {271--288},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {{Destabilizing the Environment -- Conflict Thesis}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0260210500002710},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0260210500002710}}

@article{Jones2009,
	Author = {Jones, Reece},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jones - 2009 - Geopolitical boundary narratives, the global war on terror and border fencing in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers},
	Keywords = {borders security,global war on terror,sovereign state system},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {290--304},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Geopolitical boundary narratives, the global war on terror and border fencing in India}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00350.x/full},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00350.x/full}}

@incollection{Buckle2006,
	Address = {Springfield},
	Author = {Buckle, Philip},
	Booktitle = {Disaster Resilience},
	Editor = {Paton, Douglas and Johnston, David},
	Pages = {88--104},
	Publisher = {Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.},
	Title = {{Assessing Social Resilience}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Mazza1996,
	Author = {Mazza, Isidoro and Winden, Frans},
	Doi = {10.1007/BF00153237},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mazza, Winden - 1996 - A political economic analysis of labor migration and income redistribution.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3-4},
	Pages = {333--363},
	Title = {{A political economic analysis of labor migration and income redistribution}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF00153237},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF00153237},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153237}}

@article{Rajulton2006,
	Author = {Rajulton, Fernando and Ravanera, Zenaida R. and Beaujot, Roderic},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rajulton, Ravanera, Beaujot - 2006 - Measuring Social Cohesion An Experiment using the Canadian National Survey of Giving, Volunteering,.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0303-8300},
	Journal = {Social Indicators Research},
	Keywords = {a moral phenomenon which,does not lend itself,latent scores,modeling,national survey of giving,social cohesion,social solidarity is completely,structural equation,taken by itself,to exact observation and,volunteering and participating},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {461--492},
	Title = {{Measuring Social Cohesion: An Experiment using the Canadian National Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1}}

@article{Coles2004,
	Author = {Coles, E. and Buckle, P.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coles, Buckle - 2004 - Developing community resilience as a foundation for effective disaster recovery.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Australian Journal of Emergency Management},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {6--15},
	Publisher = {Australia. Emergency Management Australia},
	Title = {{Developing community resilience as a foundation for effective disaster recovery}},
	Url = {http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis\&amp;src=google\&amp;base=DESASTRES\&amp;lang=p\&amp;nextAction=lnk\&amp;exprSearch=15704\&amp;indexSearch=ID},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis%5C&amp;src=google%5C&amp;base=DESASTRES%5C&amp;lang=p%5C&amp;nextAction=lnk%5C&amp;exprSearch=15704%5C&amp;indexSearch=ID}}

@unpublished{Coleman2010,
	Author = {Coleman, Eric A and Lopez, Maria-Claudia},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coleman, Lopez - 2010 - Reconstructing Cooperation from Civil Conflict Experimental Evidence from Colombian Development Policy.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {colombia,community-driven reconstruction,desarrollo y,development aid,evaluaci,experiment,for the report,l,laboratorios de paz,los programas paz y,on de impacto de,the data used for,this paper was collected},
	Title = {{Reconstructing Cooperation from Civil Conflict : Experimental Evidence from Colombian Development Policy}},
	Year = {2010}}

@techreport{Twigg2007,
	Author = {Twigg, John},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Twigg - 2007 - Characteristics of a Disaster-resilient Community A Guidance Note.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {DFID Disaster Risk Reduction},
	Title = {{Characteristics of a Disaster-resilient Community: A Guidance Note}},
	Year = {2007}}

@misc{UnitedNationsVideos2009b,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Nepal: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNfI9HzQmU\&feature=relmfu},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNfI9HzQmU%5C&feature=relmfu}}

@article{Locke2000a,
	Author = {Locke, Catherine and Adger, W. Neil and Kelly, P. Mick},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Locke, Adger, Kelly - 2000 - Changing Places Migration's Social and Environmental Consequences.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {24--35},
	Title = {{Changing Places: Migration's Social and Environmental Consequences}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Gautam2012,
	Author = {Gautam, P. K.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gautam - 2012 - Climate Change and Conflict in South Asia.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Strategic Analysis},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {32--40},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict in South Asia}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2012}}

@techreport{Raleigh2008a,
	Annote = {GO BACK TO PAGE 42 (OF THE PDF)},
	Author = {Raleigh, Clionadh and Jordan, Lisa and Salehyan, Idean},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Raleigh, Jordan, Salehyan - 2008 - Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {The World Bank Group},
	Title = {{Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Hendrix2007,
	Abstract = {The conventional discourse relating climate change to conflict focuses on long term trends in temperature and precipitation that define ecosystems and their subsequent impact on access to renewable resources. Because these changes occur over long time periods they may not capture the proximate factors that trigger conflict. We estimate the impact of both long term trends in climate and short term climatic triggers on civil conflict onset in Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that both operationalizations have a significant impact. Climates more suitable for Eurasian agriculture are associated with a decreased likelihood of conflict, while freshwater resources per capita are positively associated with the likelihood of conflict. Moreover, positive changes in rainfall are associated with a decreased likelihood of conflict in the following year. We also assess the outlook for the future by analyzing simulated changes in precipitation means and variability over the period 2000-2099. We find few statistically significant, positive trends in our measure of interannual variability, suggesting that it is unlikely to be affected dramatically by expected changes in climate.},
	Author = {Hendrix, Cullen S and Glaser, Sarah M},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.006},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hendrix, Glaser - 2007 - Trends and Triggers Climate, Climate Change and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {9500 gilman drive,africa,c,ca 92093 0521,chendrix,civil conflict,climate change,corresponding author,department political science,development,e mail address,edu,environment,hendrix,la jolla,precipitation,s,san diego,ucsd,university california,usa},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {695--715},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {{Trends and Triggers: Climate, Climate Change and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000844},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000844},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.006}}

@article{Banerjee1983,
	Author = {Banerjee, Biswajit},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Banerjee - 1983 - Social Networks in the Migration Process Empirical Evidence on Chain Migration in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Developing Areas},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {185--196},
	Title = {{Social Networks in the Migration Process: Empirical Evidence on Chain Migration in India}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {1983}}

@incollection{Pfefferbaum2005,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Pfefferbaum, B. and Reissman, D. and Pfefferbaum, R. and Klomp, R. and Gurwitch, R.},
	Booktitle = {Handbook on injury and violence prevention interventions},
	Editor = {Doll, L. and Bonzo, S. and Mercy, J. and Slee, D.},
	Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	Title = {{Building resilience to mass trauma events}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Wirth1989,
	Author = {Wirth, David A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wirth - 1989 - Climate Chaos.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy},
	Number = {Spring},
	Pages = {3--22},
	Title = {{Climate Chaos}},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Gray2009,
	Author = {Gray, C},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.004},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gray - 2009 - Environment, Land, and Rural Out-migration in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305750X},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Keywords = {access to land,andes,destination choice,ecuador,environmental refugees,rural out-migration},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {457--468},
	Title = {{Environment, Land, and Rural Out-migration in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X08001939},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X08001939},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.004}}

@article{Fawcett1989,
	Author = {Fawcett, James T},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fawcett - 1989 - Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {671--680},
	Title = {{Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Jones1978,
	Author = {Jones, Richard C.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jones - 1978 - Myth Maps and Migration in Venezuela.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Economic Geography},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {75--91},
	Title = {{Myth Maps and Migration in Venezuela}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {1978}}

@article{Swain1996a,
	Abstract = {Recently, a substantial amount of research has been devoted to establishing that environmental destruction itself may be the cause of conflict. Conflicts may arise directly due to scarcity of resources caused by environmental destruction, and can also be the potential consequence of environmentally forced population migration. India and Bangladesh are in a long-standing dispute over the sharing of the waters of the River Ganges. Since 1975, India has been diverting most of the dry-season flow of the river to one of her internal rivers, before it reaches Bangladesh. At Farakka, this has affected agricultural and industrial production, disrupted domestic water supply, fishing and navigation, and changed the hydraulic character of the rivers and the ecology of the Delta in the down-stream areas. These trans-border the sources of living of a large population in the south-western part of Bangladesh and have necessitated their migration in the pursuit of survival. The absence of alternatives in the other parts of the country has left no other option for these Bangladeshis but to migrate into India. The large-scale migration, from the late 1970s, of these Muslim migrants into Hindu-dominated India has culminated in a number of native-migrant conflicts in the re- ceiving society. The Indian state of Assam, which received a large proportion of these migrants, was the first to experience conflict. Conflicts between natives and migrants have now spread to other parts of India and have be- come a major issue for politically rising Hindu organizations. As this study determines, environmental destruc- tion not only creates resource scarcity conflicts, it can also force the people to migrate, thus leading to native- migrant conflicts in the receiving society.},
	Author = {Swain, Ashok},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Swain - 1996 - Destruction in Displacing the Conflict Environmental Bangladesh and Ethnic Conflict in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {189--204},
	Title = {{Destruction in Displacing the Conflict : Environmental Bangladesh and Ethnic Conflict in India}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Sagar2005,
	Author = {Sagar, Ambuj D and VanDeveer, Stacy D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sagar, VanDeveer - 2005 - Capacity Development for the Environment Broadening the Scope.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {14--22},
	Title = {{Capacity Development for the Environment : Broadening the Scope}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2005}}

@techreport{Jacobson1985,
	Author = {Jacobson, Jodi L.},
	Institution = {Worldwatch Institute},
	Pages = {1--48},
	Title = {{Environmental Refugees: A Yardstick of Habitability}},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Massey1994,
	Author = {Massey, DS and Goldring, L and Durand, Jorge},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey, Goldring, Durand - 1994 - Continuities in Transnational Migration An Analysis of Nineteen Mexican Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Sociology},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1492--1533},
	Title = {{Continuities in Transnational Migration: An Analysis of Nineteen Mexican Communities}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2782582},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2782582}}

@book{Vertovec1999,
	Address = {Cheltenham, UK},
	Editor = {Vertovec, Steven},
	Publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Limited},
	Title = {{Migration and Social Cohesion}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Levy1995,
	Author = {Levy, Marc A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levy - 1995 - Is the Environment a National Security Issue.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {35--62},
	Title = {{Is the Environment a National Security Issue?}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Miller2010,
	Author = {Miller, Fiona and Osbahr, Henny and Boyd, Emily and Thomalla, Frank and Bharwani, Sukaina and Ziervogel, Gina and Walker, Brian and Leeuw, Sander Van Der and Hinkel, Jochen and Downing, Tom and Folke, Carl and Nelson, Donald},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Miller et al. - 2010 - Resilience and Vulnerability Complementary or Conflicting Concepts.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Ecology And Society},
	Keywords = {climate change,hazards,interdisciplinarity,resilience,social-ecological systems},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {{Resilience and Vulnerability : Complementary or Conflicting Concepts ?}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2010}}

@unpublished{Mvukiyehe2011,
	Author = {Mvukiyehe, Eric},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mvukiyehe - 2011 - International NGOs and 'Social Cohesion' after Civil War Micro-level Evidence from Liberia.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{International NGOs and 'Social Cohesion' after Civil War: Micro-level Evidence from Liberia}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Iwasaki2009,
	Author = {Iwasaki, Shimpei and Razafindrabe, Bam Haja Nirina and Shaw, Rajib},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Iwasaki, Razafindrabe, Shaw - 2009 - Fishery Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change A Case Study of Chilika Lagoon, India.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1102700991},
	Issn = {1381-2386},
	Journal = {Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change},
	Keywords = {adaptation,climate change,livelihood,sustainable livelihood approach},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {339--355},
	Title = {{Fishery Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Case Study of Chilika Lagoon, India}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8}}

@misc{WorldMetereologicalOrganization2009,
	Author = {{World Metereological Organization}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Statement by Her Excellency Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/congress/documents/Cg16\_Bangladesh.pdf},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/congress/documents/Cg16%5C_Bangladesh.pdf}}

@article{Glaeser2000,
	Author = {Glaeser, Edward L. and Laibson, David I. and Scheinkman, Jose A. and Soutter, Christine L.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Glaeser et al. - 2000 - Measuring Trust.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {811--846},
	Title = {{Measuring Trust}},
	Volume = {115},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Zhang2011a,
	Author = {Zhang, David D and Lee, Harry F and Wang, Cong and Li, Baosheng and Pei, Qing and Zhang, Jane and An, Yulun},
	Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1104268108/-/DCSupplemental.www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1104268108},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang et al. - 2011 - The causality analysis of climate change and large-scale human crisis.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1104268108},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	Number = {42},
	Pages = {17296--17301},
	Title = {{The causality analysis of climate change and large-scale human crisis}},
	Volume = {108},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104268108/-/DCSupplemental.www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1104268108}}

@article{Stalley2003,
	Author = {Stalley, P.},
	Doi = {10.1177/073889420302000202},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stalley - 2003 - Environmental Scarcity and International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {33--58},
	Title = {{Environmental Scarcity and International Conflict}},
	Url = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/073889420302000202},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/073889420302000202},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073889420302000202}}

@article{Day1995,
	Author = {Day, Alice T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Day - 1995 - Changing Images of Environment and Wellbeing Perceptions of the Environment as an Intermediate Variable in Demographic Beha.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Geographia Polonica},
	Pages = {269--281},
	Title = {{Changing Images of Environment and Wellbeing: Perceptions of the Environment as an Intermediate Variable in Demographic Behaviour}},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Theisen2012a,
	Author = {Theisen, O.M. and Holtermann, H. and Buhaug, H.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Theisen, Holtermann, Buhaug - 2012 - Climate Wars Assessing the Claim that Drought Breeds Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {79--106},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {{Climate Wars? Assessing the Claim that Drought Breeds Conflict}},
	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:Climate+Wars+?\#0 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC\_a\_00065},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%5C&btnG=Search%5C&q=intitle:Climate+Wars+?%5C#0%20http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC%5C_a%5C_00065}}

@article{Salehyan2008a,
	Author = {Salehyan, I.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343308088812},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2008 - From Climate Change to Conflict No Consensus Yet.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {315--326},
	Title = {{From Climate Change to Conflict? No Consensus Yet}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343308088812},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343308088812},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308088812}}

@article{Barber2003,
	Author = {Barber, Jennifer S and Biddlecom, Ann E and Axinn, William G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barber, Biddlecom, Axinn - 2003 - Neighborhood Social Change and Perceptions of Environmental Degradation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population and Environment},
	Keywords = {environmental degradation,neighborhood,nepal,perceptions,social change},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {77--108},
	Title = {{Neighborhood Social Change and Perceptions of Environmental Degradation}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2003}}

@incollection{Staring2000,
	Address = {Lanham},
	Author = {Staring, Richard},
	Booktitle = {The Ends of Globalization: Bringing Society Back In},
	Editor = {Kalb, Don and van der Land, Marco and Staring, Richard and van Steenbergen, Bart and Wilterdink, Nico},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Staring - 2000 - Flows of People Globalization, Migration, and Transnational Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {203--215},
	Publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers, Inc.},
	Title = {{Flows of People: Globalization, Migration, and Transnational Communities}},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&amp;lr=\&amp;id=TtF898osFlQC\&amp;oi=fnd\&amp;pg=PA203\&amp;dq=Flows+of+People:+Globalization,+Migration,+and+Transnational+Communities\&amp;ots=gQ3eIOUxBR\&amp;sig=KzJHy-gis1gR-F5g4zhx4OhXM08},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en%5C&amp;lr=%5C&amp;id=TtF898osFlQC%5C&amp;oi=fnd%5C&amp;pg=PA203%5C&amp;dq=Flows+of+People:+Globalization,+Migration,+and+Transnational+Communities%5C&amp;ots=gQ3eIOUxBR%5C&amp;sig=KzJHy-gis1gR-F5g4zhx4OhXM08}}

@article{Coles2004,
	Author = {Coles, E. and Buckle, P.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coles, Buckle - 2004 - Developing community resilience as a foundation for effective disaster recovery.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Australian Journal of Emergency Management},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {6--15},
	Publisher = {Australia. Emergency Management Australia},
	Title = {{Developing community resilience as a foundation for effective disaster recovery}},
	Url = {http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis\&amp;src=google\&amp;base=DESASTRES\&amp;lang=p\&amp;nextAction=lnk\&amp;exprSearch=15704\&amp;indexSearch=ID},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis%5C&amp;src=google%5C&amp;base=DESASTRES%5C&amp;lang=p%5C&amp;nextAction=lnk%5C&amp;exprSearch=15704%5C&amp;indexSearch=ID}}

@article{Hirsch1997,
	Author = {Hirsch, A and Bowers, K J},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hirsch, Bowers - 1997 - The Effect of Social Cohesion on Levels of Recorded Crime in Disadvantaged Areas.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Urban Studies},
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {1275--1296},
	Title = {{The Effect of Social Cohesion on Levels of Recorded Crime in Disadvantaged Areas}},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {1997}}

@article{Burns2011,
	Author = {Burns, T.R. and St\"{o}hr, Christian},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Burns, St\"{o}hr - 2011 - Power, knowledge, and conflict in the shaping of commons governance. The case of EU Baltic fisheries.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgements,anonymous reviewers and to,architecture,baltic fisheries,commons,conflict,elinor,governance,knowledge,power,we are grateful two},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {233--258},
	Title = {{Power, knowledge, and conflict in the shaping of commons governance. The case of EU Baltic fisheries}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/260},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/260}}

@article{Dutta2011,
	Author = {Dutta, Nabamita and Roy, Sanjukta},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00619.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dutta, Roy - 2011 - Do Potential Skilled Emigrants Care about Political Stability at Home.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {13636669},
	Journal = {Review of Development Economics},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {442--457},
	Title = {{Do Potential Skilled Emigrants Care about Political Stability at Home?}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00619.x},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00619.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00619.x}}

@techreport{Elliott2011a,
	Author = {Elliott, Lorraine},
	Booktitle = {International Studies},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Elliott - 2011 - Climate Migration Why it is a Human Security Issue.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {RSIS Commentaries},
	Title = {{Climate Migration: Why it is a Human Security Issue}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Nooteboom2007,
	Author = {Nooteboom, Bart},
	Doi = {10.1080/00346760601132154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nooteboom - 2007 - Social capital, institutions and trust.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0034-6764},
	Journal = {Review of Social Economy},
	Keywords = {control,institutions,reliability,social capital,trust},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--53},
	Title = {{Social capital, institutions and trust}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00346760601132154},
	Volume = {65},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00346760601132154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00346760601132154}}

@techreport{UN2010,
	Author = {UN},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/UN - 2010 - Cyclone Aila.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Joint UN Multi-Sector Assessment \& Response Framework},
	Keywords = {Aila},
	Number = {June},
	Pages = {1--43},
	Title = {{Cyclone Aila}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{DeJong2000,
	Author = {{De Jong}, Gordon F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/De Jong - 2000 - Expectations, Gender, and Norms in Migration Decision-Making.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {307--319},
	Title = {{Expectations, Gender, and Norms in Migration Decision-Making}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2000}}

@misc{Hossain2012,
	Author = {Hossain, Faisal},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hossain - 2012 - Satellite Data Portals Need Search Engine Optimization for Enhancing the Global Impact on Diverse Stakeholders.pdf:pdf},
	Keywords = {Hossain},
	Pages = {1--6},
	Publisher = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
	Title = {{Satellite Data Portals Need Search Engine Optimization for Enhancing the Global Impact on Diverse Stakeholders}},
	Year = {2012}}

@techreport{Adamo,
	Author = {Adamo, Susana B},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adamo - 2009 - Environmentally Induced Population Displacements.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {IHDP},
	Keywords = {cli-,environment,migration,population mobility},
	Title = {{Environmentally Induced Population Displacements}},
	Year = {2009}}

@unpublished{Attanasio2009,
	Author = {Attanasio, Orazio and Pellerano, Luca},
	Booktitle = {Fiscal Studies},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Attanasio, Pellerano - 2009 - Peace and Goodwill Using an Experimental Game to Analyse the Desarrollo y Paz initiative in Colombia.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Economic \& Social Research Council},
	Title = {{Peace and Goodwill? Using an Experimental Game to Analyse the Desarrollo y Paz initiative in Colombia}},
	Year = {2009}}

@book{Jenson,
	Author = {Jenson, Jane},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jenson - 2010 - Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9781849290234},
	Title = {{Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion}},
	Year = {2010}}

@incollection{Carr2010,
	Author = {Carr, Marilyn and Ito, Sanae},
	Booktitle = {Trading Stories: Experiences with Gender and Trade},
	Editor = {Carr, Marilyn and Williams, Mariama},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Carr, Ito - 2010 - Packaged to Perfection The SPS Agreement and Aquaculture in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {117--123},
	Publisher = {Commonwealth Secretariat},
	Title = {{Packaged to Perfection: The SPS Agreement and Aquaculture in Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Cardenas2000,
	Author = {Cardenas, Juan-Camilo},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cardenas - 2000 - How Do Groups Solve Local Commons Dilemmas Lessons from Experimental Economics in the Field.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment, Development and Sustainability},
	Pages = {305--322},
	Title = {{How Do Groups Solve Local Commons Dilemmas? Lessons from Experimental Economics in the Field}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2000}}

@misc{Stern2011,
	Abstract = {Ostrom's design principles for managing common pool resources were developed largely by examining local commons involving natural resources. This paper enumerates several key characteristics that distinguish such commons from more complex commons involving global resources and the risks of emerging technologies. It considers the degree to which the design principles transfer to those commons and concludes that although they have considerable external validity, the list needs some modification and elaboration to apply to global resources and risk commons. A list of design principles is offered for global resource commons and the risks of emerging technologies. Applying Ostrom's approach to global resources and emerging technologies can improve understanding and expand the solution set for these problems from international treaties, top-down national regulation, and interventions in market pricing systems to include non-governmental institutions that embody principles of self-governance.},
	Author = {Stern, Paul C.},
	Booktitle = {International Journal of the Commons},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stern - 2011 - Design principles for global commons Natural resources and emerging technologies.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1875-0281},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,common pool resources,commons,global resources,governance,technological risk},
	Language = {en},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {213--232},
	Title = {{Design principles for global commons: Natural resources and emerging technologies}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-101631/229},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-101631/229}}

@article{Barnett2007,
	Annote = {Two broad ways of climate conflict: changes in political economy due to mitigative actions (reducing emissions); changes in social systems driven by actual or perceived climate impacts. "Climate change may undermine human security by reducing access to, and the quality of, natural resources that are important to sustain livelihoods... the kinds of human insecurity that climate change may affect can in turn increase the risk of violent conflict" (640). CC will affect state capacity. Article outlines a research agenda to guide empirical investigations into the risks climate change poses to human security.
        
Article doesn't see climate-induced migration as one of the major potential drivers of conflict. },
	Author = {Barnett, J and Adger, W},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.03.003},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett, Adger - 2007 - Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {climate change,human security,state functions,violent conflict},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {639--655},
	Title = {{Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262980700039X},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262980700039X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.03.003}}

@unpublished{Rolfe2006,
	Author = {Rolfe, Rebecca Eve and Langille, Don and Maher, Robert and Stewart, Donna Meagher and Pilkey, Dennis and Smith, Mark and Vanderplaat, Madine and Stiles, Deborah},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rolfe et al. - 2006 - Social Cohesion and Community Resilience A Multi-Disciplinary Review of Literature for Rural Health.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {May},
	Title = {{Social Cohesion and Community Resilience : A Multi-Disciplinary Review of Literature for Rural Health}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Hunter2005,
	Abstract = {Losses due to natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, hurricanes) and technological hazards (e.g., nuclear waste facilities, chemical spills) are both on the rise. One response to hazard-related losses is migration, with this paper offering a review of research examining the association between migration and environmental hazards. Using examples from both developed and developing regional contexts, the overview demonstrates that the association between migration and environmental hazards varies by setting, hazard types, and household characteristics. In many cases, however, results demonstrate that environmental factors play a role in shaping migration decisions, particularly among those most vulnerable. Research also suggests that risk perception acts as a mediating factor. Classic migration theory is reviewed to offer a foundation for examination of these associations.},
	Author = {Hunter, Lori M},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11111-005-3343-x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hunter - 2005 - Migration and Environmental Hazards.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0199-0039},
	Journal = {Population and environment},
	Keywords = {and environ-,environmental hazards,internal migration,international migration,migration,natural hazards,on migration provide founda-,residential mobility,several classic theoretical perspectives,technological hazards,the association between migration,tions for examination of},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {273--302},
	Pmid = {21886366},
	Title = {{Migration and Environmental Hazards.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3163500\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3163500%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-005-3343-x}}

@techreport{Raleigh2008a,
	Annote = {GO BACK TO PAGE 42 (OF THE PDF)},
	Author = {Raleigh, Clionadh and Jordan, Lisa and Salehyan, Idean},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Raleigh, Jordan, Salehyan - 2008 - Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {The World Bank Group},
	Title = {{Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Migration and Conflict}},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{Mazza1996,
	Author = {Mazza, Isidoro and Winden, Frans},
	Doi = {10.1007/BF00153237},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mazza, Winden - 1996 - A political economic analysis of labor migration and income redistribution.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3-4},
	Pages = {333--363},
	Title = {{A political economic analysis of labor migration and income redistribution}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF00153237},
	Volume = {88},
	Year = {1996},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF00153237},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153237}}

@article{Bertocchi2008,
	Author = {Bertocchi, Graziella and Strozzi, Chiara},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bertocchi, Strozzi - 2008 - International migration and the role of institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0048-5829},
	Journal = {Public Choice},
	Keywords = {colonial,democracy,institutions,international migration,migration policy},
	Month = may,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {81--102},
	Title = {{International migration and the role of institutions}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
	Volume = {137},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-008-9314-x}}

@article{Homer-Dixon1991,
	Author = {Homer-Dixon, T.F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Homer-Dixon - 1991 - On the Threshold Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {76--116},
	Title = {{On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict}},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Gleditsch1998,
	Author = {Gleditsch, N. P.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343398035003007},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch - 1998 - Armed Conflict and The Environment A Critique of the Literature.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = may,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {381--400},
	Title = {{Armed Conflict and The Environment: A Critique of the Literature}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343398035003007},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343398035003007},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343398035003007}}

@unpublished{Mcleman2005,
	Author = {Mcleman, Robert and Smit, Barry},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mcleman, Smit - 2005 - Assessing the Security Implications of Climate Change-related Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Human Security and Climate Change},
	Number = {June},
	Pages = {21--23},
	Title = {{Assessing the Security Implications of Climate Change-related Migration}},
	Year = {2005}}

@misc{Ahmed2012,
	Address = {Satkhira},
	Author = {Ahmed, Abu},
	Booktitle = {The Daily Star (Bangladesh)},
	Month = mar,
	Title = {{Water crisis grips Satkhira town due to fall in water tables}},
	Url = {http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=227587},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=227587}}

@article{Schachter1982,
	Author = {Schachter, Joseph and Althaus, Paul G.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schachter, Althaus - 1982 - Neighborhood Quality and Climate as Factors in U.S. Net Migration Patterns, 1974-76.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0002-9246},
	Journal = {American Journal of Economics and Sociology},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {387--400},
	Title = {{Neighborhood Quality and Climate as Factors in U.S. Net Migration Patterns, 1974-76}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {1982},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1982.tb03046.x}}

@article{Wirth1989,
	Author = {Wirth, David A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wirth - 1989 - Climate Chaos.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Foreign Policy},
	Number = {Spring},
	Pages = {3--22},
	Title = {{Climate Chaos}},
	Volume = {74},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Meier2007,
	Author = {Meier, P and Bond, D and Bond, J},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meier, Bond, Bond - 2007 - Environmental Influences on Pastoral Conflict in the Horn of Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {716--735},
	Title = {{Environmental Influences on Pastoral Conflict in the Horn of Africa}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000820},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000820},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.001}}

@unpublished{Ratner2010,
	Author = {Ratner, B.D. and Meinzen-Dick, R. and May, C. and Haglund, E.},
	Number = {100},
	Title = {{Resource Conflict, Collective Action, and Resilience: An Analytical Framework}},
	Url = {http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/7072},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/7072}}

@book{Vertovec1999,
	Address = {Cheltenham, UK},
	Editor = {Vertovec, Steven},
	Publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Limited},
	Title = {{Migration and Social Cohesion}},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Reuveny2008,
	Annote = {Four mechanisms:
1. In-migration causes competition for resources b/w host and migrants.
2. Existing ethnic balance is upset by migration.
3. In-migration allows receiving state to exploit for future gain, or possibly the receiving state sees the sender as using migrant flows strategically.
4. Conflict may follow existing fault lines. },
	Author = {Reuveny, Rafael},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reuveny - 2008 - Ecomigration and Violent Conflict Case Studies and Public Policy Implications.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0300-7839},
	Journal = {Human Ecology},
	Keywords = {bangladesh,climate change,great plains,hurricane katrina,population movements},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--13},
	Title = {{Ecomigration and Violent Conflict: Case Studies and Public Policy Implications}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-007-9142-5}}

@article{Warner2009a,
	Abstract = {Climate change will have a progressively increasing impact on environmental degradation and environmentally dependent socio-economic systems with potential to cause substantial population displacement. The key concerns in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) will include serious threats to food security and health, considerable economic decline, inundation of coastal areas, and degradation of land and fresh water resources (Reuveny in Polit Geogr, 2007). The relationship between environmental change and potential humanitarian crises has been captured by: McGregor (Geography and refugees: patterns and processes of change, Belhaven Press, London, pp 159--70, 1993), Kibreab (Environment and Population Change, International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Lie `ge, 1994), Kibreab (Disasters 21(1):20--38, 1997), Myers (Bioscience 43:752--761, 1993), Myers and Kent (Environmental exodus: an emergent crisis in the global arena, Climate Institute, Washington, DC, 1995), Black (New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper no. 34, 2001), Lee (Environmental matters: conflict, refugees and international relations, World Human Development Institute Press, Seoul and Tokyo, 2001), Castles (Environmental Change and Induced Migration: Making Sense of the Debate Working Paper No. 70, 2002), Christian Aid (Human tide: the real migration crisis, Christian Aid, London, 2007), and Massey et al. (http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/ pdf/rr07-615.pdf, 2007). However, we know little about the interplay between environ- mental change and stresses on ecological systems, resulting socio-economic vulnerability and potential outcomes in terms of population displacement or induced migration. So far these relationships are poorly conceptualized, lack systematic investigation, and are reduced to simplistic causal explanations. This leads to misleading conclusions that deny the complex multivariate processes---environmental, political, social, and economic--- which are the root causes of environmentally induced migration and/or conflict. When people are faced with severe environmental degradation they have one of three options: (1) stay and adapt to mitigate the effects; (2) stay, do nothing and accept a lower quality of life; or (3) leave the affected area. The process of movement and migration is usually subject to a complex set of push and pull forces, where push forces relate to the source area while pull factors relate to the destination. These forces are in constant flux, as much as environmental change, and interact with socio-economic and political conditions including state or government decision making powers, which can tip the balance at any point by either denying movement or the right to settle elsewhere. The paper focuses on how environmental change and environmental hazards contribute to the migration by exploring the mechanisms through which vulnerability and migration are linked---via livelihoods, relocation policies, and other factors. The paper begins by outlining important definitions of what is environmentally induced migration. The paper also considers the question of whether migration is a process that reduces or increases vulnerability. The paper draws on multidisciplinary literature including ecology, environment, and climate change; sociology of migration; anthropology of displacement; and economics; but also on preliminary from various case studies in Egypt, Vietnam, and Mozambique.},
	Author = {Warner, K. and Hamza, M. and Oliver-Smith, A. and Renaud, F. and Julca, A.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Warner et al. - 2009 - Climate change, environmental degradation and migration.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0921-030X},
	Journal = {Natural Hazards},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {689--715},
	Title = {{Climate change, environmental degradation and migration}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	Volume = {55},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9419-7}}

@article{Zhang2011a,
	Author = {Zhang, David D and Lee, Harry F and Wang, Cong and Li, Baosheng and Pei, Qing and Zhang, Jane and An, Yulun},
	Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1104268108/-/DCSupplemental.www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1104268108},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zhang et al. - 2011 - The causality analysis of climate change and large-scale human crisis.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1104268108},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	Number = {42},
	Pages = {17296--17301},
	Title = {{The causality analysis of climate change and large-scale human crisis}},
	Volume = {108},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104268108/-/DCSupplemental.www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1104268108}}

@article{Moet2008,
	Abstract = {The prevalence of previously undiagnosed leprosy (PPUL) in the general population was determined to estimate the background level of leprosy in the population and to compare this with registered prevalence and the known PPUL in different levels of contacts of leprosy patients.},
	Author = {Moet, Fake J and Schuring, Ron P and Pahan, David and Oskam, Linda and Richardus, Jan Hendrik},
	Doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0000198},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Moet et al. - 2008 - The prevalence of previously undiagnosed leprosy in the general population of northwest bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1935-2735},
	Journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
	Keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Distribution,Bangladesh,Bangladesh: epidemiology,Child,Humans,Leprosy,Leprosy: epidemiology,Prevalence,Risk Factors,Young Adult},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--4},
	Pmid = {18301731},
	Title = {{The prevalence of previously undiagnosed leprosy in the general population of northwest bangladesh.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2254205\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2254205%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000198}}

@article{Scheffran2010,
	Author = {Scheffran, J\"{u}rgen and Battaglini, Antonella},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10113-010-0175-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Scheffran, Battaglini - 2010 - Climate and Conflicts The Security Risks of Global Warming.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1436-3798},
	Journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
	Keywords = {climate security \'{a} environmental,conflict \'{a},hot spots \'{a} resource,human security \'{a} regional,risks of global warming,scarcity \'{a}},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {S1},
	Pages = {27--39},
	Title = {{Climate and Conflicts: The Security Risks of Global Warming}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0175-8},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0175-8},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0175-8}}

@article{Castles2003,
	Author = {Castles, S.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Castles - 2003 - Towards a Sociology of Forced Migration and Social Transformation.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0038-0385},
	Journal = {Sociology},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {13--34},
	Title = {{Towards a Sociology of Forced Migration and Social Transformation}},
	Url = {http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0038038503037001384},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038503037001384}}

@techreport{Chamber1992,
	Author = {Chamber, Roberts},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chamber - 1992 - Rural appraisal rapid, relaxed and participatory.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {IDS Discussion Paper 311},
	Pages = {1--68},
	Title = {{Rural appraisal: rapid, relaxed and participatory}},
	Year = {1992}}

@unpublished{Ruyssen2011,
	Author = {Ruyssen, Ilse and Everaert, Gerdie and Rayp, Glenn},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ruyssen, Everaert, Rayp - 2011 - Determinants of International Migration to the OECD in a Three-Way Dynamic Panel Framework.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {January},
	Title = {{Determinants of International Migration to the OECD in a Three-Way Dynamic Panel Framework}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Anthony2011,
	Author = {Anthony, D.L. and Campbell, J.L.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anthony, Campbell - 2011 - States, social capital and cooperation looking back on'Governing the Commons'.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgements,all errors are our,collective goods,cooperation,earlier version of the,editors for,helpful comments on an,internet,manuscript,own,social capital,states,the anonymous reviewers and,we wish to thank},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {284--302},
	Title = {{States, social capital and cooperation: looking back on'Governing the Commons'}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/250},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/250}}

@article{Rogan2005,
	Author = {Rogan, Ruth and O'Connor, Moira and Horwitz, Pierre},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.03.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rogan, O'Connor, Horwitz - 2005 - Nowhere to hide Awareness and perceptions of environmental change, and their influence on relationsh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {02724944},
	Journal = {Journal of Environmental Psychology},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {147--158},
	Title = {{Nowhere to hide: Awareness and perceptions of environmental change, and their influence on relationships with place}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272494405000241},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272494405000241},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.03.001}}

@techreport{Jacobson1985,
	Author = {Jacobson, Jodi L.},
	Institution = {Worldwatch Institute},
	Pages = {1--48},
	Title = {{Environmental Refugees: A Yardstick of Habitability}},
	Year = {1985}}

@techreport{Hatton2003,
	Author = {Hatton, Timothy J and Williamson, Jeffrey G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hatton, Williamson - 2003 - What Fundamentals Drive World Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {World Institute for Development Economics Research},
	Isbn = {9291904287},
	Keywords = {1 university of essex,2 harvard university,copyright \~{a} unu,demographic economics,emigration,f22,immigration,j1,jel classification,migration,o15,poverty,uk,usa,wider 2003},
	Title = {{What Fundamentals Drive World Migration ?}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Theisen2008,
	Author = {Theisen, O. Magnus},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343308096157},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Theisen - 2008 - Blood and Soil Resource Scarcity and Internal Armed Conflict Revisited.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = nov,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {801--818},
	Title = {{Blood and Soil? Resource Scarcity and Internal Armed Conflict Revisited}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343308096157},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343308096157},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308096157}}

@article{Gleick1989,
	Author = {Gleick, Peter H.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleick - 1989 - The Implications of Global Climatic Changes for International Security.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Pages = {309--325},
	Title = {{The Implications of Global Climatic Changes for International Security}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {1989}}

@inproceedings{Meher2011,
	Author = {Meher, M. K. and Patra, H. S. and Sethy, K. M},
	Booktitle = {Disaster Risk Vulnerablity Conference},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meher, Patra, Sethy - 2011 - Creating an empirically derived community resilience index for disaster prone area A case study from Oriss.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {23--26},
	Title = {{Creating an empirically derived community resilience index for disaster prone area : A case study from Orissa}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Beitl2011,
	Author = {Beitl, C.M.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Beitl - 2011 - Cockles in custody the role of common property arrangements in the ecological sustainability of mangrove Fisheries on the.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {485--512},
	Title = {{Cockles in custody: the role of common property arrangements in the ecological sustainability of mangrove Fisheries on the Ecuadorian Coast}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/285},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/285}}

@unpublished{Mvukiyehe2011,
	Author = {Mvukiyehe, Eric},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mvukiyehe - 2011 - International NGOs and 'Social Cohesion' after Civil War Micro-level Evidence from Liberia.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{International NGOs and 'Social Cohesion' after Civil War: Micro-level Evidence from Liberia}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Miller2010,
	Author = {Miller, Fiona and Osbahr, Henny and Boyd, Emily and Thomalla, Frank and Bharwani, Sukaina and Ziervogel, Gina and Walker, Brian and Leeuw, Sander Van Der and Hinkel, Jochen and Downing, Tom and Folke, Carl and Nelson, Donald},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Miller et al. - 2010 - Resilience and Vulnerability Complementary or Conflicting Concepts.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Ecology And Society},
	Keywords = {climate change,hazards,interdisciplinarity,resilience,social-ecological systems},
	Number = {3},
	Title = {{Resilience and Vulnerability : Complementary or Conflicting Concepts ?}},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2010}}

@unpublished{Hunter2009,
	Author = {Hunter, Lori M},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hunter - 2009 - Climate Change and Migration Considering the Gender Dimensions.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {University of Colorado at Boulder Institute of Behavioral Science},
	Number = {November},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Migration : Considering the Gender Dimensions}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Locke2000a,
	Author = {Locke, Catherine and Adger, W. Neil and Kelly, P. Mick},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Locke, Adger, Kelly - 2000 - Changing Places Migration's Social and Environmental Consequences.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development},
	Number = {7},
	Pages = {24--35},
	Title = {{Changing Places: Migration's Social and Environmental Consequences}},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Nel2008,
	Author = {Nel, Philip and Righarts, Marjolein},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nel, Righarts - 2008 - Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8833},
	Journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {159--185},
	Title = {{Natural Disasters and the Risk of Violent Civil Conflict}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00495.x}}

@misc{Barnett2009,
	Author = {Barnett, Jon and Webber, Michael},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett, Webber - 2009 - Accommodating Migration to Promote Adaptation to Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Commission on Climate Change and Development},
	Number = {March},
	Title = {{Accommodating Migration to Promote Adaptation to Climate Change}},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Omelicheva2011,
	Author = {Omelicheva, Mariya Y.},
	Doi = {10.1080/03050629.2011.622653},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Omelicheva - 2011 - Natural Disasters Triggers of Political Instability.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305-0629},
	Journal = {International Interactions},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {441--465},
	Title = {{Natural Disasters: Triggers of Political Instability?}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629.2011.622653},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03050629.2011.622653},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2011.622653}}

@article{Gardner2009a,
	Abstract = {This paper argues for a more precise and context specific understanding of mechanisms of `informal social protection' in Bangladesh. The context is a `Londoni' village in Sylhet which has high levels of internal and overseas migration. The economic boom caused by the latter provides important employment opportunities for people from much poorer areas of Bangladesh, who have moved into the area. Yet, as our findings show, the extent to which the poor can call upon the help and protection of rich overseas migrants depends upon the degree of closeness to, or separation from, them. This is marked both through real and fictive kinship as well as geography: those that come from nearby become `our own poor', whereas those from further away are treated as `outsiders', not qualifying for significant `help'. As the paper argues, access to hierarchically ordered places is vital for the sustainability of precarious livelihoods. Yet whilst geographical movement is an important survival strategy for the poor, it is only when social relations are established with wealthy patrons that it can be said to contribute to informal social protection.},
	Author = {Gardner, Katy and Ahmed, Zahir},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner, Ahmed - 2009 - Degrees of Separation Informal Social Protection, Relatedness and Migration in Biswanath, Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Studies},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {124--149},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{Degrees of Separation: Informal Social Protection, Relatedness and Migration in Biswanath, Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220380802468587},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220380802468587}}

@article{Connor1999,
	Author = {O'Connor, Robert E O and Bord, Richard J and Fisher, Ann},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/O'Connor, Bord, Fisher - 1999 - Risk Perceptions , General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Risk Analysis},
	Keywords = {climate change,environmental beliefs,knowledge,risk perceptions},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {461--471},
	Title = {{Risk Perceptions , General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change}},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1999}}

@incollection{Ahmad1996,
	Address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
	Author = {Ahmad, Qazi Kholiquzzaman and Warrick, R. A. and Ericksen, Neil J. and Mirza, M. Q.},
	Booktitle = {The Implications of Climate and Sea-Level Change for Bangladesh},
	Editor = {Warrick, R.A. and Ahmad, Q.K.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ahmad et al. - 1996 - The Implications of Climate Change for Bangladesh A Synthesis.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {1--34},
	Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	Title = {{The Implications of Climate Change for Bangladesh: A Synthesis}},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Gautam2012,
	Author = {Gautam, P. K.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gautam - 2012 - Climate Change and Conflict in South Asia.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Strategic Analysis},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {32--40},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict in South Asia}},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Nordas2007,
	Annote = {The prospect of human-induced climate change encourages drastic neomalthusian scenarios. A number of claims about the conflict-inducing effects of climate change have surfaced in the public debate in recent years. Climate change has so many potential consequences for the physical environment that we could expect a large number of possible paths to conflict. However, the causal chains suggested in the literature have so far rarely been substantiated with reliable evidence. Given the combined uncertainties of climate and conflict research, the gaps in our knowledge about the consequences of climate change for conflict and security appear daunting. Social scientists are now beginning to respond to this challenge.We present some of the problems and opportunities in this line of research, summarize the contributions in this special issue, and discuss how the security concerns of climate change can be investigated more systematically.},
	Author = {Nordas, R and Gleditsch, N},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.003},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Nordas, Gleditsch - 2007 - Climate Change and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {armed conflict,climate change,ipcc,resource scarcity},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {627--638},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000856},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000856},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.003}}

@article{Rajulton2006,
	Author = {Rajulton, Fernando and Ravanera, Zenaida R. and Beaujot, Roderic},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rajulton, Ravanera, Beaujot - 2006 - Measuring Social Cohesion An Experiment using the Canadian National Survey of Giving, Volunteering,.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0303-8300},
	Journal = {Social Indicators Research},
	Keywords = {a moral phenomenon which,does not lend itself,latent scores,modeling,national survey of giving,social cohesion,social solidarity is completely,structural equation,taken by itself,to exact observation and,volunteering and participating},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {461--492},
	Title = {{Measuring Social Cohesion: An Experiment using the Canadian National Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	Volume = {80},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-0011-1}}

@unpublished{Suhrke1993,
	Author = {Suhrke, Astri},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Suhrke - 1993 - Pressure Points Environmental Degradation, Migration and Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Series = {Occasional Paper No. 3, Project on Environmental Change and Acute Conflict},
	Title = {{Pressure Points: Environmental Degradation, Migration and Conflict}},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{King2010,
	Author = {King, Elisabeth and Samii, Cyrus and Snilstveit, Birte},
	Doi = {10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/King, Samii, Snilstveit - 2010 - Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1943-9342},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Effectiveness},
	Keywords = {africa,community-driven,development,evaluation,participation,social capital,social cohesion},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {336--370},
	Title = {{Interventions to promote social cohesion in sub-Saharan Africa}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2010.504552}}

@article{Black2011a,
	Author = {Black, Richard and Kniveton, Dominic and Schmidt-Verkerk, Kerstin},
	Doi = {10.1068/a43154},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Black, Kniveton, Schmidt-Verkerk - 2011 - Migration and climate change towards an integrated assessment of sensitivity.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0308-518X},
	Journal = {Environment and Planning},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {431--450},
	Title = {{Migration and climate change: towards an integrated assessment of sensitivity}},
	Url = {http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a43154},
	Volume = {43},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a43154},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a43154}}

@article{Cox2011b,
	Author = {Cox, Michael},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cox - 2011 - Advancing the diagnostic analysis of environmental problems.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgments,causality,diagnostics,dr,i wish to acknowledge,panaceas,social-ecological systems,support from a subcontract,sweden,that is funded by,thomas sterner,university of gothenburg,with},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {346--363},
	Title = {{Advancing the diagnostic analysis of environmental problems.}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011}}

@techreport{TheWorldBank2006,
	Address = {Dhaka},
	Author = {{The World Bank}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The World Bank - 2006 - Economics and Governance of Nongovernmental Organizations in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {The World Bank Office},
	Title = {{Economics and Governance of Nongovernmental Organizations in Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Theisen2012a,
	Author = {Theisen, O.M. and Holtermann, H. and Buhaug, H.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Theisen, Holtermann, Buhaug - 2012 - Climate Wars Assessing the Claim that Drought Breeds Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {79--106},
	Publisher = {MIT Press},
	Title = {{Climate Wars? Assessing the Claim that Drought Breeds Conflict}},
	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:Climate+Wars+?\#0 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC\_a\_00065},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%5C&btnG=Search%5C&q=intitle:Climate+Wars+?%5C#0%20http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ISEC%5C_a%5C_00065}}

@article{Paton2001,
	Author = {Paton, Douglas and Millar, Marian and Johnston, David},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Paton, Millar, Johnston - 2001 - Community Resilience to Volcanic Hazard Consequences.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Natural Hazards},
	Keywords = {community,resilience,risk perception,ruapehu,volcanic hazard},
	Pages = {157--169},
	Title = {{Community Resilience to Volcanic Hazard Consequences}},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2001}}

@article{Salehyan2006,
	Annote = {Salehyan, Idean, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. 2006. Refugees and the Spread of Civil War. International Organization        60 (02): 335--366.
[C]ountries that experience an influx of refugees from neighboring states are significantly more likely to experience civil wars themselves (338). [R]efugees can lead to the spread of violence through the expansion of rebel social networks and by posing negative externalities for receiving areas (339). 
        
      },
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0020818306060103},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan, Gleditsch - 2006 - Refugees and the Spread of Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-8183},
	Journal = {International Organization},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {335--366},
	Title = {{Refugees and the Spread of Civil War}},
	Url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0020818306060103},
	Volume = {60},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0020818306060103},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020818306060103}}

@techreport{Barkat2000,
	Author = {Barkat, Abul and uz Zaman, Shafique and Raihan, Selim},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barkat, Zaman, Raihan - 2000 - Distribution and Retention of Khas Land in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD)},
	Number = {April},
	Pages = {1--12},
	Title = {{Distribution and Retention of Khas Land in Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2000}}

@misc{Various,
	Annote = {Proper video citations are in document.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Unknown - Unknown - Statements by Governments on Climate Impacts.doc:doc},
	Keywords = {UN,quotes,statements},
	Title = {{Statements by Governments on Climate Impacts}}}

@article{Swain1996a,
	Abstract = {Recently, a substantial amount of research has been devoted to establishing that environmental destruction itself may be the cause of conflict. Conflicts may arise directly due to scarcity of resources caused by environmental destruction, and can also be the potential consequence of environmentally forced population migration. India and Bangladesh are in a long-standing dispute over the sharing of the waters of the River Ganges. Since 1975, India has been diverting most of the dry-season flow of the river to one of her internal rivers, before it reaches Bangladesh. At Farakka, this has affected agricultural and industrial production, disrupted domestic water supply, fishing and navigation, and changed the hydraulic character of the rivers and the ecology of the Delta in the down-stream areas. These trans-border the sources of living of a large population in the south-western part of Bangladesh and have necessitated their migration in the pursuit of survival. The absence of alternatives in the other parts of the country has left no other option for these Bangladeshis but to migrate into India. The large-scale migration, from the late 1970s, of these Muslim migrants into Hindu-dominated India has culminated in a number of native-migrant conflicts in the re- ceiving society. The Indian state of Assam, which received a large proportion of these migrants, was the first to experience conflict. Conflicts between natives and migrants have now spread to other parts of India and have be- come a major issue for politically rising Hindu organizations. As this study determines, environmental destruc- tion not only creates resource scarcity conflicts, it can also force the people to migrate, thus leading to native- migrant conflicts in the receiving society.},
	Author = {Swain, Ashok},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Swain - 1996 - Destruction in Displacing the Conflict Environmental Bangladesh and Ethnic Conflict in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {189--204},
	Title = {{Destruction in Displacing the Conflict : Environmental Bangladesh and Ethnic Conflict in India}},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Jones2009,
	Author = {Jones, Reece},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jones - 2009 - Geopolitical boundary narratives, the global war on terror and border fencing in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers},
	Keywords = {borders security,global war on terror,sovereign state system},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {290--304},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Geopolitical boundary narratives, the global war on terror and border fencing in India}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00350.x/full},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00350.x/full}}

@article{Bruneau2003,
	Author = {Bruneau, Michel and Chang, Stephanie E. and Eguchi, Ronald T. and Lee, George C. and O'Rourke, Thomas D. and Reinhorn, Andrei M. and Shinozuka, Masanobu and Tierney, Kathleen and Wallace, William a. and von Winterfeldt, Detlof},
	Doi = {10.1193/1.1623497},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bruneau et al. - 2003 - A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {87552930},
	Journal = {Earthquake Spectra},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {733},
	Title = {{A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities}},
	Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/EASPEF/v19/i4/p733/s1\&Agg=doi},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aip.org/link/EASPEF/v19/i4/p733/s1%5C&Agg=doi},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1623497}}

@article{Marandola2007,
	Author = {Marandola, Eduardo and Hogan, Daniel Joseph},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Marandola, Hogan - 2007 - Vulnerabilities and risks in population and environment studies.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0199-0039},
	Journal = {Population and Environment},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {83--112},
	Title = {{Vulnerabilities and risks in population and environment studies}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-007-0036-7}}

@article{Day1995,
	Author = {Day, Alice T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Day - 1995 - Changing Images of Environment and Wellbeing Perceptions of the Environment as an Intermediate Variable in Demographic Beha.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Geographia Polonica},
	Pages = {269--281},
	Title = {{Changing Images of Environment and Wellbeing: Perceptions of the Environment as an Intermediate Variable in Demographic Behaviour}},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Glaeser2000,
	Author = {Glaeser, Edward L. and Laibson, David I. and Scheinkman, Jose A. and Soutter, Christine L.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Glaeser et al. - 2000 - Measuring Trust.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {811--846},
	Title = {{Measuring Trust}},
	Volume = {115},
	Year = {2000}}

@article{Adger2002,
	Abstract = {We argue that all aspects of demographic change, including migration, impact on the social resilience of individuals and communities, as well as on the sustainability of the underlying resource base. Social resilience is the ability to cope with and adapt to environmental and social change mediated through appropriate institutions. We investigate one aspect of the relationship between demographic change, social resilience, and sustainable development in contemporary coastal Vietnam: the effects of migration and remittances on resource-dependent communities in population source areas. We find, using longitudinal data on livelihood sources, that emigration and remittances have offsetting effects on resilience within an evolving social and political context. Emigration is occurring concurrently with, not driving, the expansion of unsustainable coastal aquaculture. Increasing economic inequality also undermines social resilience. At the same time diversification and increasing income levels are beneficial for resilience.},
	Author = {Adger, W Neil and Kelly, P Mick and Winkels, Alexandra and Huy, Luong Quang and Locke, Catherine},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adger et al. - 2002 - Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0044-7447},
	Journal = {Ambio},
	Keywords = {Animals,Aquaculture,Conservation of Natural Resources,Demography,Emigration and Immigration,Humans,Income,Social Conditions,Vietnam},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {358--66},
	Pmid = {12174607},
	Title = {{Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories, and social resilience.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174607},
	Volume = {31},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174607}}

@article{Harun-Ar-Rashid2006,
	Abstract = {Health research in Bangladesh is increasing and hence there is a need to consider the ethical issues with regard such research. This paper describes the measures being taken in Bangladesh to address research ethics, such as the bioethics educational programmes and the ethics review committees functioning within the country. The role and work of the Central Ethics Review Committee and the regulatory guidelines are outlined. The paper also discusses the situation regarding research ethics within the South Asia region.},
	Author = {Harun-Ar-Rashid},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harun-Ar-Rashid - 2006 - Regional perspectives in research ethics a report from Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1020-3397},
	Journal = {Eastern Mediterranean health journal},
	Keywords = {Academies and Institutes,Academies and Institutes: organization \& administr,Bangladesh,Developing Countries,Drive,Education,Ethics,Ethics Committees,Guidelines as Topic,Health Services Needs and Demand,Human Experimentation,Human Experimentation: ethics,Humans,Medical,Medical: organization \& administration,Models,Organizational Objectives,Psychological,Regional Health Planning,Regional Health Planning: ethics,Regional Health Planning: organization \& administr,Research,Research: ethics,Research: organization \& administration},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {Supplement 1},
	Pages = {S66--72},
	Pmid = {17037691},
	Title = {{Regional perspectives in research ethics: a report from Bangladesh.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037691},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037691}}

@article{Janmaat2010,
	Author = {Janmaat, Jan Germen},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11205-010-9604-9},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Janmaat - 2010 - Social Cohesion as a Real-life Phenomenon Assessing the Explanatory Power of the Universalist and Particularist Perspec.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1120501096049},
	Issn = {0303-8300},
	Journal = {Social Indicators Research},
	Keywords = {capitalism \'{a},culture,social cohesion \'{a} modernization,theory \'{a} varieties of,welfare regimes \'{a} civic},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {61--83},
	Title = {{Social Cohesion as a Real-life Phenomenon: Assessing the Explanatory Power of the Universalist and Particularist Perspectives}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-010-9604-9},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11205-010-9604-9},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9604-9}}

@article{Adger2000b,
	Author = {Adger, W.N.},
	Doi = {10.1191/030913200701540465},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adger - 2000 - Social and ecological resilience are they related.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {03091325},
	Journal = {Progress in Human Geography},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {347--364},
	Title = {{Social and ecological resilience: are they related?}},
	Url = {http://phg.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1191/030913200701540465},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://phg.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1191/030913200701540465},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913200701540465}}

@article{Hertel2010,
	Author = {Hertel, Shareen},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hertel - 2010 - The Paradox of Partnership Assessing New Forms of NGO Advocacy on Labor Rights.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Ethics \& International Affairs},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {171--189},
	Title = {{The Paradox of Partnership: Assessing New Forms of NGO Advocacy on Labor Rights}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2010.00255.x/full},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2010.00255.x/full}}

@unpublished{Coan,
	Author = {Coan, Travis G. and Holman, Mirya R.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coan, Holman - Unknown - Evaluating Political and Environmental Behavior in the Face of a Green Crisis An Experimental Analysis - DO NOT.pdf:pdf},
	Title = {{Evaluating Political and Environmental Behavior in the Face of a Green Crisis: An Experimental Analysis - DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION}},
	Volume = {01}}

@techreport{Twigg2007,
	Author = {Twigg, John},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Twigg - 2007 - Characteristics of a Disaster-resilient Community A Guidance Note.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {DFID Disaster Risk Reduction},
	Title = {{Characteristics of a Disaster-resilient Community: A Guidance Note}},
	Year = {2007}}

@article{Weiner1992,
	Author = {Weiner, Myron},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weiner - 1992 - Security, Stability, and International Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {91--126},
	Title = {{Security, Stability, and International Migration}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {1992}}

@article{Hugo1996,
	Abstract = {This article focuses on international migration occurring as a result of environmental changes and processes. It briefly reviews attempts to con? ceptualize environment-related migration and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. Following is an examination of migration as an independent variable in the migration-environment relationship. Finally, ethical and policy dimensions are addressed.},
	Author = {Hugo, Graeme},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hugo - 1996 - Environmental Concerns and Internal Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {105--131},
	Title = {{Environmental Concerns and Internal Migration}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {1996}}

@article{Levy1995,
	Author = {Levy, Marc A},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Levy - 1995 - Is the Environment a National Security Issue.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Security},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {35--62},
	Title = {{Is the Environment a National Security Issue?}},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {1995}}

@article{Stotz2011,
	Author = {Stotz, Wolfgang and Aburto, Jaime and Mondaca, Carolin},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stotz, Aburto, Mondaca - 2011 - Emerging commons within artisanal fisheries. The Chilean territorial use rights in fisheries (TURFs) wit.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {459--484},
	Title = {{Emerging commons within artisanal fisheries. The Chilean territorial use rights in fisheries (TURFs) within a broader coastal landscape}},
	Url = {http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=abstract\&amp;id=824534},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=abstract%5C&amp;id=824534}}

@techreport{AsianDevelopmentBank2012,
	Address = {Mandaluyong City},
	Author = {{Asian Development Bank}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Asian Development Bank - 2012 - Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Asian Development Bank},
	Isbn = {9789290926115},
	Title = {{Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Gardner2002,
	Abstract = {In this article we introduce five papers, all by social anthropologists, all concerned with transnational households and ritual. Despite wide-ranging research on transnational migration and diasporas, many aspects have been accorded less consideration than they deserve. The transnational practices of migrant families, other than remittances and other economic activity, remain under-investigated. Some thought has been given to the transnational dimension of religious belief systems, notably Islam, but the micro-politics of religion has been largely ignored, and there has been little discussion of transnational religious practices (rituals) at the level of households and families, especially those performed by migrants back in their coun- tries of origin. Household-level analyses of the performances of and meanings attributed to life-crisis rituals and consideration of what Salih has called the `trans- national division of ritual space' offer a valuable route to understanding relations between place, culture, ethnicity and gender among migrants in a transnational world, and illuminate contemporary processes of globalization.},
	Author = {Gardner, Katy and Grillo, Ralph},
	Doi = {10.1111/1471-0374.00035},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner, Grillo - 2002 - Transnational Households and Ritual An Overview.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1470-2266},
	Journal = {Global Networks},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {179--190},
	Title = {{Transnational Households and Ritual: An Overview}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1471-0374.00035},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1471-0374.00035},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0374.00035}}

@incollection{Findlay2011,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Annote = {Quotes about importance of looking at perceptions at end of chapter.},
	Author = {Findlay, Allan and Geddes, Alistair},
	Booktitle = {Migration and Climate Change},
	Editor = {Piguet, Etienne and Pecoud, Antoine and Guchteneire, Paul De},
	Pages = {138--159},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Critical views on the relationship between climate change and migration: some insights from the experience of Bangladesh}},
	Year = {2011}}

@unpublished{Gleditsch2007,
	Annote = {This article has good summaries of further reading at the end!},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Nils Petter and Nord\aa s, Ragnhild},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch, Nord\aa s - 2007 - Climate Change and Conflict The Migration Link Coping with Crisis International Peace Academy.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {International Peace Academy},
	Number = {May},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Conflict : The Migration Link Coping with Crisis International Peace Academy}},
	Year = {2007}}

@book{IPCC2012,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {IPCC},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/IPCC - 2012 - Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {9781107607804},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Homer-Dixon1994,
	Annote = {Homer-Dixon, T.F. 1994. Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases. International security        19 (1). : 5--40.
        
environmental scarcities are already contributing to violent conflicts in many parts of the developing world. These conflicts are probably the early signs of an upsurge of violence in the coming decades that will be induced or aggravated by scarcity. },
	Author = {Homer-Dixon, T.F.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Homer-Dixon - 1994 - Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict Evidence from Cases.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International security},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {5--40},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence from Cases}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539147},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2539147}}

@article{Barnett2003,
	Abstract = {Despite it being the most studied and arguably most profound of global environmental change problems, there is relatively little research that explores climate change as a security issue. This paper systematically explores the range of possible connections between climate change and security, including national security considerations, human security concerns, military roles, and a discussion of the widely held assumption that climate change may trigger violent conflict. The paper explains the ways in which climate change is a security issue. It includes in its discussion issues to do with both mitigation and adaptation of climate change.},
	Author = {Barnett, J},
	Doi = {10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00080-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett - 2003 - Security and Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09593780},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	Keywords = {1,become security,climate change,conflict,delimiting security,human security,including,introduction,national security,problems is now well,recognised in policy,that environmental problems can},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {7--17},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {{Security and Climate Change}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378002000808 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378002000808},
	Volume = {13},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378002000808%20http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378002000808},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00080-8}}

@article{Hauge1998,
	Abstract = {A great deal of recent writing has indicated that growing scarcities of renewable resources can con- tribute to conflict. Most of this research, however, suffers from two major methodological weaknesses: lack of variation in the independent and dependent variables, and the absence of control for other con- flict-generating factors. As one of the first large-N studies of the relationship between environmental degradation and domestic armed conflict, this article takes on these challenges. On the basis of a mul- tivariate analysis for all countries in the period 1980-92 we test and confirm the hypotheses (as indi- cated from various case-studies) that factors like deforestation, land degradation, and scarce supply of freshwater, alone and in combination with high population density, increase the risk of domestic armed conflict, especially low-level conflict. This holds true also when we control for economic and political factors, such as level of economic development and type of political regime. The latter variables, how- ever, prove more decisive than environmental scarcity in predicting the incidence of domestic armed conflict. The severity of such conflicts is better accounted for by military expenditure than by environ- mental degradation, poverty or non-democratic rule.},
	Author = {Hauge, W. and Ellingsen, T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hauge, Ellingsen - 1998 - Beyond Environmental Scarcity Causal Pathways to Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {299--317},
	Publisher = {Sage Publications},
	Title = {{Beyond Environmental Scarcity: Causal Pathways to Conflict}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/35/3/299.short},
	Volume = {35},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/35/3/299.short}}

@book{Moran2011,
	Address = {Washington},
	Editor = {Moran, Daniel},
	Isbn = {1589017412},
	Publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
	Title = {{Climate Change and National Security: A Country-Level Analysis}},
	Url = {http://www.amazon.com/Climate-Change-National-Security-Country-Level/dp/1589017412/ref=sr\_1\_1?ie=UTF8\&qid=1326919667\&sr=8-1},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.amazon.com/Climate-Change-National-Security-Country-Level/dp/1589017412/ref=sr%5C_1%5C_1?ie=UTF8%5C&qid=1326919667%5C&sr=8-1}}

@article{Norris2008,
	Abstract = {Communities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non-disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities--Economic Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community Competence--that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities, engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires flexibility, decision-making skills, and trusted sources of information that function in the face of unknowns.},
	Author = {Norris, Fran H and Stevens, Susan P and Pfefferbaum, Betty and Wyche, Karen F and Pfefferbaum, Rose L},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Norris et al. - 2008 - Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0091-0562},
	Journal = {American journal of community psychology},
	Keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological,Consumer Participation,Disaster Planning,Humans,Models, Theoretical,Residence Characteristics,Social Support},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {127--50},
	Pmid = {18157631},
	Title = {{Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157631},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157631},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6}}

@article{McLeman2006,
	Author = {McLeman, R. and Smit, B.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-005-9000-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McLeman, Smit - 2006 - Migration as an Adaptation to Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = mar,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {31--53},
	Title = {{Migration as an Adaptation to Climate Change}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-005-9000-7},
	Volume = {76},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-005-9000-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-9000-7}}

@article{Hendrix2007,
	Abstract = {The conventional discourse relating climate change to conflict focuses on long term trends in temperature and precipitation that define ecosystems and their subsequent impact on access to renewable resources. Because these changes occur over long time periods they may not capture the proximate factors that trigger conflict. We estimate the impact of both long term trends in climate and short term climatic triggers on civil conflict onset in Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that both operationalizations have a significant impact. Climates more suitable for Eurasian agriculture are associated with a decreased likelihood of conflict, while freshwater resources per capita are positively associated with the likelihood of conflict. Moreover, positive changes in rainfall are associated with a decreased likelihood of conflict in the following year. We also assess the outlook for the future by analyzing simulated changes in precipitation means and variability over the period 2000-2099. We find few statistically significant, positive trends in our measure of interannual variability, suggesting that it is unlikely to be affected dramatically by expected changes in climate.},
	Author = {Hendrix, Cullen S and Glaser, Sarah M},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.006},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hendrix, Glaser - 2007 - Trends and Triggers Climate, Climate Change and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {9500 gilman drive,africa,c,ca 92093 0521,chendrix,civil conflict,climate change,corresponding author,department political science,development,e mail address,edu,environment,hendrix,la jolla,precipitation,s,san diego,ucsd,university california,usa},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {695--715},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {{Trends and Triggers: Climate, Climate Change and Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000844},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000844},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.006}}

@book{El-Hinnawi1985,
	Address = {Nairobi, Kenya},
	Author = {El-Hinnawi, E.},
	Publisher = {United Nations Environmental Programme},
	Title = {{Environmental Refugees}},
	Year = {1985}}

@article{Eyes2009,
	Author = {Attanasio, Orazio and Pellerano, Luca and Reyes, Sandra Polania},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Attanasio, Pellerano, Reyes - 2009 - Building Trust Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes and Social Capital.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Fiscal Studies},
	Keywords = {c92,cash transfer programmes,collective action,cooperation,d7,d85,economic experiments,h41,jel classification numbers,public goods provision,social capital,social networks,vcm},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {139--177},
	Title = {{Building Trust ? Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes and Social Capital *}},
	Volume = {30},
	Year = {2009}}

@article{Meze-hausken2000,
	Author = {Meze-hausken, Elisabeth},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meze-hausken - 2000 - Migration Caused by Climate Change How Vulnerable are People in Dryland Areas.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change},
	Keywords = {1,can trigger waves of,climate change,ethiopia,historical analogy,introduction and objectives,left their traces,migrants is not a,migration,new notion,the fact that climate,the whole human history,throughout,vulnerability,weather-related human movements have},
	Pages = {379--406},
	Title = {{Migration Caused by Climate Change: How Vulnerable are People in Dryland Areas?}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2000}}

@techreport{Bhandari2003,
	Author = {Bhandari, Bishnu B.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bhandari - 2003 - Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA).pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)},
	Title = {{Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)}},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Gardner2003,
	Author = {Gardner, Katy and Osella, Filippo},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner, Osella - 2003 - Gardner and Osella 2003 Migration modernity and social transformation in South Asia.pdf.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Contributions to Indian Sociology},
	Number = {1/2},
	Pages = {5--28},
	Title = {{Gardner and Osella 2003 Migration modernity and social transformation in South Asia.pdf}},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2003}}

@article{Naved2005,
	Abstract = {Using data from a population-based survey of 2,702 women of reproductive age and from 28 in-depth interviews of abused women conducted during 2000-01, this study explores factors associated with domestic violence in urban and rural Bangladesh. Multilevel analysis revealed that in both residential areas, dowry or other demands in marriage and a history of abuse of the husband's mother by his father increased the risk of violence. Better spousal communication and husband's education beyond the tenth grade decreased the risk of violence. In the urban area, women's being younger than their husband and participating in savings and credit groups increased the risk of abuse, whereas husband's education beyond the sixth grade had a protective effect. In the rural area, women's earning an income increased the risk. These factors are important to consider when designing interventions.},
	Author = {Naved, Ruchira Tabassum and Persson, Lars Ake},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Naved, Persson - 2005 - Factors associated with spousal physical violence against women in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0039-3665},
	Journal = {Studies in family planning},
	Keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Bangladesh,Bangladesh: epidemiology,Female,Humans,Middle Aged,Risk Factors,Rural Population,Socioeconomic Factors,Spouse Abuse,Urban Population,Women's Health},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {289--300},
	Pmid = {16395946},
	Title = {{Factors associated with spousal physical violence against women in Bangladesh.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16395946},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16395946}}

@article{Palsson2011,
	Author = {Palsson, Gisli and Prainsack, Barbara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Palsson, Prainsack - 2011 - Genomic stuff Governing the (im) matter of life.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgements,and j\"{o}rg niew\"{o}hner for,corinna kruse,david gurwitz,digital and global commons,elinor ostrom,epigenetics,fruitful discussions and extensive,genomic,governance,hannah landecker,life itself,stuff,we are grateful to},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {259--283},
	Title = {{Genomic stuff: Governing the (im) matter of life}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/247},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/247}}

@article{Haas2010,
	Author = {de Haas, Hein},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/de Haas - 2010 - The internal dynamics of migration processes a theoretical inquiry.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
	Keywords = {feedback,migration systems,migration theory,networks,social capital},
	Number = {10},
	Pages = {1587--1617},
	Title = {{The internal dynamics of migration processes: a theoretical inquiry}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369183X.2010.489361},
	Volume = {36},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369183X.2010.489361}}

@article{Garrido2011,
	Author = {Garrido, Samuel},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Garrido - 2011 - Governing scarcity. Water markets, equity and efficiency in pre-1950s eastern Spain.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {10739,Ostrom,acknowledgements,and the final version,calatayud and jes\'{u}s mill\'{a}n,efficiency,equity,funded by the spanish,innovation,irrigation communities,ministry of science and,provided valuable suggestions,salvador,spain,the research project eco2009-,this article stems from,water markets},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {513--534},
	Title = {{Governing scarcity. Water markets, equity and efficiency in pre-1950s eastern Spain}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/274},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/274}}

@article{Tol2009,
	Author = {Tol, Richard S. J. and Wagner, Sebastian},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tol, Wagner - 2009 - Climate Change and Violent Conflict in Europe Over the Last Millennium.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {65--79},
	Title = {{Climate Change and Violent Conflict in Europe Over the Last Millennium}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9659-2}}

@article{Berge2011,
	Author = {Berge, Erling and van Laerhoven, Frank},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Berge, van Laerhoven - 2011 - Editorial Governing the Commons for two decades a complex story.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acknowledgements,collective action,common pool resources,commons,complexity,elinor ostrom,governance,governing the commons,norwegian research council and,ntnu,project 10354331 that made,social capital,the,the financial support from,this special,we are grateful for},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {160--187},
	Title = {{Editorial: Governing the Commons for two decades: a complex story}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/260},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/260}}

@article{Massey1993,
	Author = {Massey, D.S. and Arango, J. and Hugo, G. and Kouaouci, A. and Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J.E.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey et al. - 1993 - Theories of international migration a review and appraisal.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population and Development Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {431--466},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2938462},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {1993},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2938462}}

@article{VanDalen2010,
	Author = {van Dalen, H.P. and Henkens, K.},
	Doi = {10.1002/psp},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/van Dalen, Henkens - 2010 - Explaining low international labour mobility the role of networks, personality, and perceived labour market.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population, Space and Place},
	Keywords = {labour mobility,migration},
	Pages = {31--44},
	Publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
	Title = {{Explaining low international labour mobility: the role of networks, personality, and perceived labour market opportunities}},
	Url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp.642/abstract},
	Volume = {18},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp.642/abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp}}

@article{Lee1966,
	Author = {Lee, Everett S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lee - 1966 - A Theory of Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Demography},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {47--57},
	Title = {{A Theory of Migration}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1966}}

@unpublished{Fearon2011a,
	Author = {Fearon, James D and Humphreys, Macartan and Weinstein, Jeremy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Humphreys, Weinstein - 2011 - Democratic Institutions and Collective Action Capacity Results from a Field Experiment in Post-Co.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {August},
	Title = {{Democratic Institutions and Collective Action Capacity : Results from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Fawcett1989,
	Author = {Fawcett, James T},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fawcett - 1989 - Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {671--680},
	Title = {{Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems}},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1989}}

@article{Chambers1994,
	Author = {Chambers, Robert},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chambers - 1994 - Participatory Rural Appraisal ( PRA ) Analysis of Experience.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {1253--1268},
	Title = {{Participatory Rural Appraisal ( PRA ): Analysis of Experience}},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {1994}}

@book{Datta,
	Address = {Dhaka},
	Author = {Datta, Dilip Kumar},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Unknown - Unknown - The Tragedy of Errors-DilipKumarDatta.pdf.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {116},
	Publisher = {Forum on Women in Security and International Affairs},
	Title = {{The Tragedy of Errors: Women Contribution to Poverty Alleviation and Their Security under Environmentally Stressed Conditions}},
	Year = {2005}}

@incollection{Staring2000,
	Address = {Lanham},
	Author = {Staring, Richard},
	Booktitle = {The Ends of Globalization: Bringing Society Back In},
	Editor = {Kalb, Don and van der Land, Marco and Staring, Richard and van Steenbergen, Bart and Wilterdink, Nico},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Staring - 2000 - Flows of People Globalization, Migration, and Transnational Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {203--215},
	Publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield Publishers, Inc.},
	Title = {{Flows of People: Globalization, Migration, and Transnational Communities}},
	Url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&amp;lr=\&amp;id=TtF898osFlQC\&amp;oi=fnd\&amp;pg=PA203\&amp;dq=Flows+of+People:+Globalization,+Migration,+and+Transnational+Communities\&amp;ots=gQ3eIOUxBR\&amp;sig=KzJHy-gis1gR-F5g4zhx4OhXM08},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en%5C&amp;lr=%5C&amp;id=TtF898osFlQC%5C&amp;oi=fnd%5C&amp;pg=PA203%5C&amp;dq=Flows+of+People:+Globalization,+Migration,+and+Transnational+Communities%5C&amp;ots=gQ3eIOUxBR%5C&amp;sig=KzJHy-gis1gR-F5g4zhx4OhXM08}}

@article{Biermann2010,
	Author = {Biermann, Frank and Boas, Ingrid},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Biermann, Boas - 2010 - Preparing for a Warmer World Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {60--88},
	Title = {{Preparing for a Warmer World : Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Goodarzi2011,
	Author = {Goodarzi, Afshin and Tavassoli, Mehran and Ardeshiri, Ghasem and Ahmadi, Saba},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Goodarzi et al. - 2011 - Using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in rural research.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Advances in Environmental Biology},
	Keywords = {participatory rural appraisal,pra,rural research},
	Number = {9},
	Pages = {2981--2985},
	Title = {{Using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in rural research}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Gray2012,
	Author = {Gray, C. L. and Mueller, V.},
	Doi = {10.1073/pnas.1115944109},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gray, Mueller - 2012 - Natural disasters and population mobility in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0027-8424},
	Journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	Month = apr,
	Number = {16},
	Pages = {6000--6005},
	Title = {{Natural disasters and population mobility in Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1115944109},
	Volume = {109},
	Year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1115944109},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115944109}}

@article{Rudel2011,
	Author = {Rudel, Thomas K},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rudel - 2011 - The commons and development unanswered sociological questions and common property institutions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,common property institutions,commons,development,social},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {303--318},
	Title = {{The commons and development : unanswered sociological questions and common property institutions}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Ross2004,
	Author = {Ross, Michael L.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343304043773},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ross - 2004 - What Do We Know about Natural Resources and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {00223433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Month = may,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {337--356},
	Title = {{What Do We Know about Natural Resources and Civil War?}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343304043773},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343304043773},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343304043773}}

@article{Barber2003,
	Author = {Barber, Jennifer S and Biddlecom, Ann E and Axinn, William G},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barber, Biddlecom, Axinn - 2003 - Neighborhood Social Change and Perceptions of Environmental Degradation.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population and Environment},
	Keywords = {environmental degradation,neighborhood,nepal,perceptions,social change},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {77--108},
	Title = {{Neighborhood Social Change and Perceptions of Environmental Degradation}},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2003}}

@book{Piguet2011,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Editor = {Piguet, Etienne and Pecoud, Antoine and {De Guchteneire}, Paul},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {{Migration and Climate Change}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Bertocchi2010,
	Author = {Bertocchi, Graziella and Strozzi, Chiara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bertocchi, Strozzi - 2010 - The Evolution of Citizenship Economic and Institutional Determinants.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Law and Economics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {95--136},
	Title = {{The Evolution of Citizenship : Economic and Institutional Determinants}},
	Volume = {53},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Borjas1989,
	Author = {Borjas, GJ},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Borjas - 1989 - Economic theory and international migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {457--485},
	Title = {{Economic theory and international migration}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546424},
	Volume = {23},
	Year = {1989},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546424}}

@article{Salehyan2008,
	Annote = {Salehyan, Idean. 2008. The Externalities of Civil Strife: Refugees as a Source of International Conflict. American Journal of Political Science        52 (4): 787--801.},
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2008 - The Externalities of Civil Strife Refugees as a Source of International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {787--801},
	Title = {{The Externalities of Civil Strife: Refugees as a Source of International Conflict}},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008}}

@misc{UnitedNationsVideos2009b,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Nepal: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNfI9HzQmU\&feature=relmfu},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcNfI9HzQmU%5C&feature=relmfu}}

@inproceedings{Davis2006,
	Address = {Perth},
	Author = {Davis, John K},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Anti-Poverty Academic Conference with International Participation},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Davis - 2006 - NGOs and Development in Bangladesh Whose sustainability counts.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {1--18},
	Title = {{NGOs and Development in Bangladesh : Whose sustainability counts ?}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Cardenas2008,
	Author = {Cardenas, Juan Camilo and Carpenter, Jeffrey},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cardenas, Carpenter - 2008 - Behavioural Development Economics Lessons from Field Labs in the Developing World.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of Development Studies},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {311--338},
	Title = {{Behavioural Development Economics: Lessons from Field Labs in the Developing World}},
	Volume = {44},
	Year = {2008}}

@misc{WorldMetereologicalOrganization2009,
	Author = {{World Metereological Organization}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Statement by Her Excellency Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/congress/documents/Cg16\_Bangladesh.pdf},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/congress/documents/Cg16%5C_Bangladesh.pdf}}

@article{Meyer2001,
	Author = {Meyer, Jean-Baptiste},
	Doi = {10.1111/1468-2435.00173},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meyer - 2001 - Network Approach versus Brain Drain Lessons from the Diaspora.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-7985},
	Journal = {International Migration},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {91--110},
	Title = {{Network Approach versus Brain Drain: Lessons from the Diaspora}},
	Url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/1468-2435.00173},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/1468-2435.00173},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00173}}

@article{Cohen2008,
	Author = {Cohen, C. and Werker, E. D.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022002708322157},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cohen, Werker - 2008 - The Political Economy of Natural'' Disasters.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-0027},
	Journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {795--819},
	Title = {{The Political Economy of "Natural'' Disasters}},
	Url = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002708322157},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jcr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022002708322157},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002708322157}}

@article{Fernandez2011,
	Author = {Fernandez, Gloria L. Gallardo and Friman, Eva},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fernandez, Friman - 2011 - New marine commons along the Chilean coast -- the management areas ( MAs ) of Pe\~{n}uelas and Chigualoco.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {433--458},
	Title = {{New marine commons along the Chilean coast -- the management areas ( MAs ) of Pe\~{n}uelas and Chigualoco}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/284},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/284}}

@article{Anderson2004,
	Author = {Anderson, Lisa R and Mellor, Jennifer M and Milyo, Jeffrey},
	Doi = {10.1257/0002828041302082},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Anderson, Mellor, Milyo - 2004 - Social Capital and Contributions in a Public-Goods Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0002-8282},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Month = may,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {373--376},
	Title = {{Social Capital and Contributions in a Public-Goods Experiment}},
	Url = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0002828041302082},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/abs/10.1257/0002828041302082},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302082}}

@article{Gardner2009,
	Author = {Gardner, Katy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner - 2009 - Lives in Motion The Life-Course, Movement and Migration in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of South Asian Development},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {229--251},
	Title = {{Lives in Motion: The Life-Course, Movement and Migration in Bangladesh}},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2009}}

@techreport{UN2011,
	Annote = {Look at pages 179-180, around there},
	Author = {UN},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/UN - 2011 - Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development An International Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division},
	Title = {{Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development: An International Perspective}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Weiner1985,
	Author = {Weiner, Myron},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00245.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Weiner - 1985 - On International Migration and International Relations.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1341-8076},
	Journal = {Population and Development Review},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {441--455},
	Pmid = {15669984},
	Title = {{On International Migration and International Relations}},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {1985},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00245.x}}

@article{Hooghe2008,
	Author = {Hooghe, Marc and Trappers, Ann and Meuleman, Bart and Reeskens, Tim},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hooghe et al. - 2008 - Migration to European Countries A Structural Explanation of Patterns, 1980--2004.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0197-9183},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Month = jun,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {476--504},
	Title = {{Migration to European Countries: A Structural Explanation of Patterns, 1980--2004}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x},
	Volume = {42},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00132.x}}

@article{Vergolini2011,
	Author = {Vergolini, L.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0020715211405421},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vergolini - 2011 - Social cohesion in Europe How do the different dimensions of inequality affect social cohesion.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0020-7152},
	Journal = {International Journal of Comparative Sociology},
	Keywords = {1,and why do we,care,definition,economic condition,europe,raises two distinct issues,social cohesion,social position,the first regards its,the second the,the social cohesion theme,welfare regimes,what is social cohesion},
	Month = may,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {197--214},
	Title = {{Social cohesion in Europe: How do the different dimensions of inequality affect social cohesion?}},
	Url = {http://cos.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0020715211405421},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cos.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0020715211405421},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715211405421}}

@book{Jaggar2010,
	Address = {Malden, MA},
	Edition = {1},
	Editor = {Jaggar, Alison M.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Unknown - 2010 - Thomas Pogge and His Critics.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {251},
	Publisher = {Polity Press},
	Title = {{Thomas Pogge and His Critics}},
	Year = {2010}}

@unpublished{Gleditsch2011a,
	Annote = {This article has a good model of the climate/conflict thesis on page 5.},
	Author = {Gleditsch, Nils Petter},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gleditsch - 2011 - Regional Conflict and Climate Change.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {Paper prepared for the workshop on Research on Climate Change Impacts and Associated Economic Damages, Washington, DC, 27--28 January 2011;},
	Number = {2009},
	Pages = {1--21},
	Title = {{Regional Conflict and Climate Change}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Meze-Hausken2008,
	Author = {Meze-Hausken, Elisabeth},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Meze-Hausken - 2008 - On the (im-)possibilities of defining human climate thresholds.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {3-4},
	Pages = {299--324},
	Title = {{On the (im-)possibilities of defining human climate thresholds}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	Volume = {89},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9392-7}}

@article{Massey1994,
	Author = {Massey, DS and Goldring, L and Durand, Jorge},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey, Goldring, Durand - 1994 - Continuities in Transnational Migration An Analysis of Nineteen Mexican Communities.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Journal of Sociology},
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {1492--1533},
	Title = {{Continuities in Transnational Migration: An Analysis of Nineteen Mexican Communities}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2782582},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {1994},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2782582}}

@article{Brown,
	Author = {Brown, D.D. and Kulig, J.C.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brown, Kulig - Unknown - The Concept of Resiliency Theoretical Lessons from Community Research.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Health and Canadian Society},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {29--50},
	Publisher = {Health and Canadian Society},
	Title = {{The Concept of Resiliency: Theoretical Lessons from Community Research}},
	Url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:The+Concept+of+Resiliency:+Theoretical+Lessons+from+Community+Research\#0},
	Volume = {4},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%5C&btnG=Search%5C&q=intitle:The+Concept+of+Resiliency:+Theoretical+Lessons+from+Community+Research%5C#0}}

@article{Mckenzie2010,
	Author = {Mckenzie, David and Rapoport, Hillel},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mckenzie, Rapoport - 2010 - Self-selection patterns in mexico-u.s. migration the role of migration networks.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {811--821},
	Title = {{Self-selection patterns in mexico-u.s. migration: the role of migration networks}},
	Volume = {92},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{Salehyan2008a,
	Author = {Salehyan, I.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0022343308088812},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2008 - From Climate Change to Conflict No Consensus Yet.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0022-3433},
	Journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {315--326},
	Title = {{From Climate Change to Conflict? No Consensus Yet}},
	Url = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343308088812},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {2008},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://jpr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0022343308088812},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343308088812}}

@article{Datta2004a,
	Author = {Datta, Pranati},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Datta - 2004 - Push-Pull Factors of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal A Perception Study.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Qualitative Report},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {335--358},
	Title = {{Push-Pull Factors of Undocumented Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal : A Perception Study}},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2004}}

@misc{UnitedNationsVideos2009a,
	Author = {{United Nations Videos}},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Videos - 2009 - Nepal Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit.doc:doc},
	Title = {{Guatemala: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
	Url = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS9r1MwGK0\&feature=relmfu.},
	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrS9r1MwGK0%5C&feature=relmfu.}}

@article{Hatton2010,
	Author = {Hatton, Timothy J.},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00633.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hatton - 2010 - The Cliometrics of International Migration A Survey.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09500804},
	Journal = {Journal of Economic Surveys},
	Keywords = {economic history,international migration},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {941--969},
	Title = {{The Cliometrics of International Migration: A Survey}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00633.x},
	Volume = {24},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00633.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00633.x}}

@article{Acheson2011,
	Author = {Acheson, J.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Acheson - 2011 - Ostrom for anthropologists.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,adico,anthropology,collective action,resource manage-},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {319--339},
	Title = {{Ostrom for anthropologists}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/245},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/viewArticle/245}}

@book{Adnan1991,
	Address = {Dhaka, Bangladesh},
	Author = {Adnan, Shapan},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Adnan - 1991 - Floods, People and the Environment Institutional Aspects of Flood Protection Programmes in Bangladesh, 1990.pdf:pdf},
	Publisher = {Research \& Advisory Services},
	Title = {{Floods, People and the Environment: Institutional Aspects of Flood Protection Programmes in Bangladesh, 1990}},
	Year = {1991}}

@article{Iwasaki2009,
	Author = {Iwasaki, Shimpei and Razafindrabe, Bam Haja Nirina and Shaw, Rajib},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Iwasaki, Razafindrabe, Shaw - 2009 - Fishery Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change A Case Study of Chilika Lagoon, India.pdf:pdf},
	Isbn = {1102700991},
	Issn = {1381-2386},
	Journal = {Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change},
	Keywords = {adaptation,climate change,livelihood,sustainable livelihood approach},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {339--355},
	Title = {{Fishery Livelihoods and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Case Study of Chilika Lagoon, India}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-009-9167-8}}

@article{Gray2009,
	Author = {Gray, C},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.004},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gray - 2009 - Environment, Land, and Rural Out-migration in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305750X},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Keywords = {access to land,andes,destination choice,ecuador,environmental refugees,rural out-migration},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {457--468},
	Title = {{Environment, Land, and Rural Out-migration in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X08001939},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X08001939},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.004}}

@techreport{KOF2012,
	Author = {KOF},
	Booktitle = {Chart},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/KOF - 2012 - Press Release Economic Crisis Overthrows Economic Globalization.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {KOF Swiss Economic Institute},
	Number = {March},
	Pages = {1--7},
	Title = {{Press Release: Economic Crisis Overthrows Economic Globalization}},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Raleigh2007,
	Author = {Raleigh, C and Urdal, H},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.005},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Raleigh, Urdal - 2007 - Climate change, environmental degradation and armed conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {674--694},
	Title = {{Climate change, environmental degradation and armed conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262980700087X},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096262980700087X},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.06.005}}

@article{Dixon2009,
	Author = {Dixon, Jeffrey},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00892.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dixon - 2009 - What Causes Civil Wars Integrating Quantitative Research Findings.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {15219488},
	Journal = {International Studies Review},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {707--735},
	Title = {{What Causes Civil Wars? Integrating Quantitative Research Findings}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00892.x},
	Volume = {11},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00892.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00892.x}}

@techreport{DeHaas2011,
	Author = {de Haas, Hein},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/de Haas - 2011 - The determinants of international migration Conceptualizing policy, origin and destination effects.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {University of Oxford International Migration Institute},
	Number = {April},
	Pages = {1--35},
	Title = {{The determinants of international migration: Conceptualizing policy, origin and destination effects}},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Henry2011,
	Annote = {I thought this might be useful for the social cohesion aspect.},
	Author = {Henry, Adam Douglas and Dietz, Thomas},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Henry, Dietz - 2011 - Information , networks , and the complexity of trust in commons governance.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,acf,acknowledgements,acknowledges,adam douglas henry gratefully,advocacy coalition framework,belief systems,common pool,homophily,iad,information,institutional analysis and development,networks,reputation,resources,risk,sustainability,transitivity,trust},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {188--212},
	Title = {{Information , networks , and the complexity of trust in commons governance}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Sagar2005,
	Author = {Sagar, Ambuj D and VanDeveer, Stacy D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sagar, VanDeveer - 2005 - Capacity Development for the Environment Broadening the Scope.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {14--22},
	Title = {{Capacity Development for the Environment : Broadening the Scope}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Wright2011,
	Author = {Wright, Matthew},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wright - 2011 - Diversity and the Imagined Community Immigrant Diversity and Conceptions of National Identity.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0162895X},
	Journal = {Political Psychology},
	Keywords = {become a fact of,by the incorporation of,countries,developed democracies have been,diverse immigrant minorities into,diversity,ethnic diversity itself has,ethnocentrism,fabrics,immigration,in most of these,in recent decades,increasingly challenged,life,national identity,public opinion,their broader social},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {837--862},
	Title = {{Diversity and the Imagined Community: Immigrant Diversity and Conceptions of National Identity}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00843.x}}

@article{Jones1978,
	Author = {Jones, Richard C.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jones - 1978 - Myth Maps and Migration in Venezuela.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Economic Geography},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {75--91},
	Title = {{Myth Maps and Migration in Venezuela}},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {1978}}

@article{Fearon2009,
	Author = {Fearon, JD and Humphreys, M and Weinstein, Jeremy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Humphreys, Weinstein - 2009 - Can Development Aid Contribute to Social cohesion after civil war Evidence from a Field Experiment.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {287--291},
	Title = {{Can Development Aid Contribute to Social cohesion after civil war? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25592413},
	Volume = {99},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25592413}}

@article{Milton2005,
	Annote = {The study population was drawn from households in areas using tube wells with known arsenic concentrations.
Areas were randomly selected from the unpublished databaseof NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply \& Sanitation on water quality monitoring. These areas were served by a total of 223 tube wells: 85 tube wells in 29 villages in the Comilla district and 2 villages in the Chandpur district (approximately
110 km from Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh), and 138 tube wells in 43 villages in the Chuadanga district (approximately 300 km from Dhaka). These districts are known to be affected by arsenic, according to the British Geological Survey
report.11 The range of measured arsenic concentration in tube well water ranged from nondetectable to 1710 \_g/L. We obtained ethical approval from the Environmental Science discipline's Research Committee of The Khulna University.},
	Author = {Milton, Abul Hasnat and Smith, Wayne and Rahman, Bayzidur and Hasan, Ziaul and Kulsum, Umme and Dear, Keith and Rakibuddin, M and Ali, Azahar},
	Doi = {10.1097/01.ede.0000147105.94041.e6},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Milton et al. - 2005 - Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1044-3983},
	Journal = {Epidemiology},
	Keywords = {IRB relevant,at IRB relevant},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {82--86},
	Title = {{Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage\&an=00001648-200501000-00012},
	Volume = {16},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage%5C&an=00001648-200501000-00012},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000147105.94041.e6}}

@article{Pulver2009,
	Author = {Pulver, Simone and VanDeveer, Stacy D},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pulver, VanDeveer - 2009 - ``Thinking About Tomorrows'' Scenarios, Global Environmental Politics, and Social Science Scholarship.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1--13},
	Title = {{``Thinking About Tomorrows'': Scenarios, Global Environmental Politics, and Social Science Scholarship}},
	Url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/glep.2009.9.2.1},
	Volume = {9},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/glep.2009.9.2.1}}

@incollection{Islam2006,
	Abstract = {Land use in coastal Bangladesh is diverse, competitive and conflicting. Agriculture, shrimp farming, salt production, forestry, ship-breaking yards, ports, industry, settlements and wetlands are some of the uses. Land uses have gone through major changes. Land use in the 1950s had been mainly for paddy cultiva- tion, but salinity intrusion and tidal flooding prevented further intensification. Hence, in the 1960s--1980s, the World Bank and others helped with large-scale polderization in order to boost rice pro- duction. A decade later, drainage congestion inside and heavy siltation outside the polders made the southwestern area unsuitable both for agriculture, and, in extreme cases, even for human habitation. However, as the region has a history of traditional shrimp farming, polders provided an opportunity for intensive shrimp farming. Crop land and mangroves were transformed to shrimp farming. This created social conflict. Planned management of diverse land use, including zoning, has been recommended since. This chapter focuses on the complexities of land use in Bangladesh and the adopted institutional approaches. Introduction},
	Author = {Islam, M Rafiqul},
	Booktitle = {Environment and Livelihoods in Tropical Coastal Zones},
	Editor = {Hoanh, C.T. and Tuong, T.P. and Gowing, J.W. and Hardy, B},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Islam - 2006 - Managing Diverse Land Uses in Coastal Bangladesh Institutional Approaches.pdf:pdf},
	Pages = {237--248},
	Publisher = {CAB International},
	Title = {{Managing Diverse Land Uses in Coastal Bangladesh : Institutional Approaches}},
	Url = {http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/CABI\_Publications/CA\_CABI\_Series/Coastal\_Zones/protected/Hoanh\_1845931076.pdf},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/CABI%5C_Publications/CA%5C_CABI%5C_Series/Coastal%5C_Zones/protected/Hoanh%5C_1845931076.pdf}}

@techreport{UN2005,
	Author = {UN},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/UN - 2005 - International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 Building the Resilience of Nations.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {United Nations},
	Title = {{International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience of Nations}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Guhathakurta2012,
	Author = {Guhathakurta, Meghna},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Guhathakurta - 2012 - Amidst the winds of change The Hindu minority in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {South Asian History and Culture},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {288--301},
	Title = {{Amidst the winds of change: The Hindu minority in Bangladesh}},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Fearon2011,
	Abstract = {In nearly a third of ethnic civil wars since 1945, the conflict develops between members of a regional ethnic group that considers itself to be the indigenous ``sons of the soil'' and recent migrants from other parts of the country. The migrants are typically members of the dominant ethnic group who migrate in search of land or government jobs, often supported by the state with economic incentives and development schemes. This paper elaborates on the concept of a sons-of-the-soil conflict; presents descriptive statistics and empirical patterns; identifies a typical escalation sequence; illustrates the several steps with an account of the Tamil-Sinhalese conflict along with other cases; discusses the obstacles to negotiated settlements; and concludes with a suggestion on the role of grievances in explaining civil war onsets.},
	Annote = {The authors discuss cases where governments actively supported migration and cases where migration occurred without government coordination, but they do not go deep enough into this issue. In the former case, I think there might be some endogeneity issues. If the government is actively supporting one side and not the other, then it is unsurprising that migration leads to conflict between majority/minority ethnic groups. },
	Author = {Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.031},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fearon, Laitin - 2011 - Sons of the Soil, Migrants, and Civil War.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305750X},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Keywords = {civil war,ethnic conflict,grievances,internal migration,sons of the soil,sri lanka},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {199--211},
	Title = {{Sons of the Soil, Migrants, and Civil War}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X10002032},
	Volume = {39},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X10002032},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.031}}

@article{Massey1990,
	Author = {Massey, Douglas S.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Massey - 1990 - Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Population Index},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {3--26},
	Title = {{Social Structure, Household Strategies, and the Cumulative Causation of Migration}},
	Volume = {56},
	Year = {1990}}

@article{Aboud2006,
	Author = {Aboud, F},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2006.01.008},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Aboud - 2006 - Evaluation of an early childhood preschool program in rural Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {08852006},
	Journal = {Early Childhood Research Quarterly},
	Keywords = {1995,bangladesh,bangladesh has made efforts,become a priority in,developing countries,ecers,enrolment,environment does,for school,from high-risk families have,in contexts,in the past decade,myers,not do so adequately,particularly,play,preschool,preschool programs for children,school readiness,the main purpose is,to enhance primary school,to prepare young children,where the early home,wppsi},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {46--60},
	Title = {{Evaluation of an early childhood preschool program in rural Bangladesh}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0885200606000068},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2006},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0885200606000068},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2006.01.008}}

@article{Talukder2011,
	Author = {Talukder, Humayun Kabir and Hossain, Zakir and Ahkter, Nasrin and Perveen, Ismat Ara},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Talukder et al. - 2011 - Institutional Ethical Review Board (IERB) Concept \& Context.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {24--25},
	Title = {{Institutional Ethical Review Board (IERB): Concept \& Context}},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Gardner1999,
	Author = {Gardner, Katy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner - 1999 - Narrating Location Space, Age, and Gender among Bengali Elders in East London.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Oral History},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {65--74},
	Title = {{Narrating Location: Space, Age, and Gender among Bengali Elders in East London}},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {1999}}

@article{Bardsley2010,
	Abstract = {The implications of environmental change for migration are little understood. Migration as a response to climate change could be seen as a failure of in situ adaptation methods, or migration could be alternatively perceived as a rational component of creative adaptation to environmental risk. This paper frames migration as part of an adaptation response to climate change impacts to natural resource condition and environmental hazards. Thresholds will be reached by communities after which migration will become a vital component of an effective adaptation response. Such changes to migration patterns have the potential to undermine migration policy unless appropriate preparations are undertaken. This paper describes an approach to assist researchers to frame how climate change will influence migration by critically analysing how thresholds of fundamental change to migration patterns could be identified, primarily in relation to two case studies in Nepal and Thailand. Future policy for internal and international migration could be guided by the analysis of such thresholds of non-linear migration and resourced effectively to ensure that socio-economic and humanitarian outcomes are maximised.},
	Author = {Bardsley, Douglas K. and Hugo, Graeme J.},
	Doi = {10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Bardsley, Hugo - 2010 - Migration and Climate Change Examining Thresholds of Change to Guide Effective Adaptation Decision-making.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0199-0039},
	Journal = {Population and Environment},
	Keywords = {migration \'{a} climate change,risk \'{a} nepal \'{a},thailand,\'{a} adaptation \'{a} thresholds,\'{a} environmental},
	Month = sep,
	Number = {2-3},
	Pages = {238--262},
	Title = {{Migration and Climate Change: Examining Thresholds of Change to Guide Effective Adaptation Decision-making}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-010-0126-9}}

@article{Tertrais2011,
	Author = {Tertrais, Bruno},
	Doi = {10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tertrais - 2011 - The Climate Wars Myth.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0163-660X},
	Journal = {The Washington Quarterly},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {17--29},
	Title = {{The Climate Wars Myth}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951},
	Volume = {34},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587951}}

@article{Kimhi2004,
	Author = {Kimhi, Shaul and Shamai, Michal},
	Doi = {10.1002/jcop.20012},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kimhi, Shamai - 2004 - Community resilience and the impact of stress Adult response to Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0090-4392},
	Journal = {Journal of Community Psychology},
	Month = jul,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {439--451},
	Title = {{Community resilience and the impact of stress: Adult response to Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon}},
	Url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcop.20012},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jcop.20012},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20012}}

@article{Todaro1969,
	Author = {Todaro, MP},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Todaro - 1969 - A Model of Labor Migration and Unemployment in Less Developed Countries.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The American Economic Review},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {138--148},
	Title = {{A Model of Labor Migration and Unemployment in Less Developed Countries}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1811100},
	Volume = {59},
	Year = {1969},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/1811100}}

@incollection{Buckle2006,
	Address = {Springfield},
	Author = {Buckle, Philip},
	Booktitle = {Disaster Resilience},
	Editor = {Paton, Douglas and Johnston, David},
	Pages = {88--104},
	Publisher = {Charles C Thomas Publisher, Ltd.},
	Title = {{Assessing Social Resilience}},
	Year = {2006}}

@article{Deligiannis2012,
	Author = {Deligiannis, Tom},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Deligiannis - 2012 - The Evolution of Environment-Conflict Research Toward a Livelihood Framework.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {78--100},
	Title = {{The Evolution of Environment-Conflict Research: Toward a Livelihood Framework}},
	Volume = {12},
	Year = {2012}}

@article{Barnett2009a,
	Author = {Barnett, Jon},
	Doi = {10.1007/s10584-009-9591-5},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett - 2009 - The Prize of Peace (is Eternal Vigilance) A Cautionary Editorial Essay on Climate Geopolitics.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0165-0009},
	Journal = {Climatic Change},
	Month = may,
	Number = {1-2},
	Pages = {1--6},
	Title = {{The Prize of Peace (is Eternal Vigilance): A Cautionary Editorial Essay on Climate Geopolitics}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-009-9591-5},
	Volume = {96},
	Year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10584-009-9591-5},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9591-5}}

@article{Goss1995,
	Author = {Goss, J. and Lindquist, B.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Goss, Lindquist - 1995 - Conceptualizing International Labor Migration A Structuration Perspective.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Migration Review},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {317--351},
	Publisher = {JSTOR},
	Title = {{Conceptualizing International Labor Migration: A Structuration Perspective}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546784},
	Volume = {29},
	Year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2546784}}

@article{Barnett2000,
	Author = {Barnett, J.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Barnett - 2000 - Destabilizing the Environment -- Conflict Thesis.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Review of International Studies},
	Number = {02},
	Pages = {271--288},
	Publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
	Title = {{Destabilizing the Environment -- Conflict Thesis}},
	Url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0260210500002710},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2000},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract%5C_S0260210500002710}}

@article{Cheong2007,
	Author = {Cheong, P. H. and Edwards, R. and Goulbourne, H. and Solomos, J.},
	Doi = {10.1177/0261018307072206},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cheong et al. - 2007 - Immigration, social cohesion and social capital A critical review.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0261-0183},
	Journal = {Critical Social Policy},
	Month = feb,
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {24--49},
	Title = {{Immigration, social cohesion and social capital: A critical review}},
	Url = {http://csp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0261018307072206},
	Volume = {27},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://csp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0261018307072206},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018307072206}}

@article{Echegaray2011,
	Author = {Echegaray, Esther Pascua},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Echegaray - 2011 - Communities and sustainability in medieval and early modern Aragon, 1200-1600.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,animal husbandry,aragon,collective action,common land,confraternities,guilds,natural resources,pasture,rural communities,sheep},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {535--556},
	Title = {{Communities and sustainability in medieval and early modern Aragon, 1200-1600}},
	Url = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/304},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://ojscom.library.uu.nl/index.php/ijc/article/view/304}}

@article{Gauri2005,
	Author = {Gauri, V and Galef, J},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.05.009},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gauri, Galef - 2005 - NGOs in Bangladesh Activities, resources, and governance.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0305750X},
	Journal = {World Development},
	Keywords = {bangladesh,governance,ngos,south asia,survey data},
	Month = oct,
	Number = {12},
	Pages = {2045--2065},
	Title = {{NGOs in Bangladesh: Activities, resources, and governance}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X05001579},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X05001579},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.05.009}}

@incollection{Pfefferbaum2005,
	Address = {New York},
	Author = {Pfefferbaum, B. and Reissman, D. and Pfefferbaum, R. and Klomp, R. and Gurwitch, R.},
	Booktitle = {Handbook on injury and violence prevention interventions},
	Editor = {Doll, L. and Bonzo, S. and Mercy, J. and Slee, D.},
	Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	Title = {{Building resilience to mass trauma events}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Ostrom2010,
	Author = {Ostrom, Elinor},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ostrom - 2010 - Beyond Markets and States Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Keywords = {ostrom},
	Number = {June},
	Pages = {1--33},
	Title = {{Beyond Markets and States : Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems}},
	Volume = {100},
	Year = {2010}}

@unpublished{Valsecchi2011,
	Author = {Valsecchi, Michele},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Valsecchi - 2011 - Land Property Rights and International Migration.pdf:pdf},
	Institution = {University of Gothenburg},
	Pages = {1--77},
	Title = {{Land Property Rights and International Migration}},
	Year = {2011}}

@incollection{Islam1976,
	Address = {Oxford},
	Author = {Islam, M. Aminul},
	Booktitle = {Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global},
	Editor = {White, Gilbert F.},
	Pages = {19--25},
	Publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	Title = {{Tropical Cyclones: Coastal Bangladesh}},
	Year = {1976}}

@article{Banerjee1983,
	Author = {Banerjee, Biswajit},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Banerjee - 1983 - Social Networks in the Migration Process Empirical Evidence on Chain Migration in India.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {The Journal of Developing Areas},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {185--196},
	Title = {{Social Networks in the Migration Process: Empirical Evidence on Chain Migration in India}},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{Myers2002,
	Abstract = {There is a new phenomenon in the global arena: environmental refugees. These are people who can no longer gain a secure livelihood in their homelands because of drought, soil erosion, desertification, deforestation and other environmental problems, together with the associated problems of population pressures and profound poverty. In their desperation, these people feel they have no alternative but to seek sanctuary elsewhere, however hazardous the attempt. Not all of them have fled their countries, many being internally displaced. But all have abandoned their homelands on a semi-permanent if not permanent basis, with little hope of a foreseeable return. In 1995, environmental refugees totalled at least 25 million people, compared with 27 million traditional refugees (people fleeing political oppression, religious persecution and ethnic troubles). The total number of environmental refugees could well double by the year 2010, and increase steadily for a good while thereafter as growing numbers of impoverished people press ever harder on overloaded environments. When global warming takes hold, there could be as many as 200 million people overtaken by sea-level rise and coastal flooding, by disruptions of monsoon systems and other rainfall regimes, and by droughts of unprecedented severity and duration.},
	Author = {Myers, Norman},
	Doi = {10.1098/rstb.2001.0953},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Myers - 2002 - Environmental refugees a growing phenomenon of the 21st century.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0962-8436},
	Journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London},
	Keywords = {Disasters,Emigration and Immigration,Emigration and Immigration: trends,Environment,Haiti,Population Dynamics,Public Policy,Refugees},
	Month = apr,
	Pages = {609--13},
	Pmid = {12028796},
	Title = {{Environmental refugees: a growing phenomenon of the 21st century.}},
	Url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1692964\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
	Volume = {357},
	Year = {2002},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1692964%5C&tool=pmcentrez%5C&rendertype=abstract},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0953}}

@article{Stalley2003,
	Annote = {Stalley, P. 2003. Environmental Scarcity and International Conflict. Conflict Management and Peace Science        20 (2): 33--58.},
	Author = {Stalley, Phillip},
	Doi = {10.1177/073889420302000202},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Stalley - 2003 - Environmental Scarcity and International Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {0738-8942},
	Journal = {Conflict Management and Peace Science},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {33--58},
	Title = {{Environmental Scarcity and International Conflict}},
	Url = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/073889420302000202},
	Volume = {20},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://cmp.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/073889420302000202},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073889420302000202}}

@article{Gardner2008,
	Abstract = {This article explores the relationship between social mobility, insecurity, and connectedness to hierarchically ordered foreign places in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Here, particular areas have migratory connections with Britain, a destination which is perceived by those left behind as supplying bountiful economic opportunities and long-lasting security. In contrast, Bangladesh is experienced as insecure and lacking in prospects. Within this context, social connections are vital, for through them links to Britain are produced and maintained; this is especially the case for young men who are hoping to find a British bride. For them, connectedness results from both their social capital (relationships to successful `Londoni' migrants who help arrange their marriages) and their cultural capital (gained by participating in particular forms of work and lifestyles, thus making them more attractive as prospective grooms). Meanwhile for those families settled in Britain, another form of transnational connectedness takes place, in which the political insecurity and social exclusion experienced in Britain are offset by economic and social investments in the desh (homeland). Sitting on the steps of his parents' house in the village of Talukpu},
	Author = {Gardner, Katy},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Gardner - 2008 - Keeping Connected Security, Place, and Social Capital in a `Londoni' Village in Sylhet.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute},
	Keywords = {Gardner},
	Pages = {477--495},
	Title = {{Keeping Connected : Security, Place, and Social Capital in a `Londoni' Village in Sylhet}},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {2008}}

@article{York2011,
	Author = {York, Abigail M and Schoon, Michael L},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/York, Schoon - 2011 - Collective action on the western range coping with external and internal threats.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom,collaborative governance,collective action,disturbance,institutions},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {388--409},
	Title = {{Collective action on the western range : coping with external and internal threats}},
	Volume = {5},
	Year = {2011}}

@article{Karlan2005,
	Author = {Karlan, DS},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Karlan - 2005 - Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {1688--1699},
	Title = {{Using Experimental Economics to Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions}},
	Url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4132772},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4132772}}

@article{Neumayer2007,
	Author = {Neumayer, Eric and Pl\"{u}mper, T.},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Neumayer, Pl\"{u}mper - 2007 - The gendered nature of natural disasters The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expec.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Annals of the Association of American Geographers},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {551--566},
	Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	Title = {{The gendered nature of natural disasters: The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy, 1981--2002}},
	Url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x},
	Volume = {97},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x}}

@article{Izazola1998,
	Author = {Izazola, Haydea and Mart\'{\i}nez, Carolina and Marquette, Catherine},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Izazola, Mart\'{\i}nez, Marquette - 1998 - Environmental perceptions , social class and demographic change in Mexico City a comparative app.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Environment and Urbanization},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {107--118},
	Title = {{Environmental perceptions , social class and demographic change in Mexico City : a comparative approach}},
	Volume = {10},
	Year = {1998}}

@article{Lonergan1998,
	Abstract = {This article answers a series of questions about the role of environmental degradation in population displacement, refugee movement, and migration. The environment tends not to be included in the reasons for migration. Roger's indicators of migration potential include population growth, economic restructuring, increased economic disparities, and increased refugee flows. Myers (1993) estimated that international displacement and internal displacement may amount to about 25 million and may rise to 150 million by 2050. The role of the environment in displacement must be examined in the broader political and cultural context. Definitions of environmental refugees are ambiguous and inconsistent, and research has not answered why people continue to move to Mexico City and Chongqing, China, which both have very high levels of pollution. El-Hinnawi (1985) defined 3 groups of environmental refugees: those displaced due to natural disasters; those displaced due to permanent habitat changes; and those displaced who migrated from areas that cannot support their basic needs and who desire an improved quality of life. Lonergan (1994) identified environmental stresses as natural disasters, cumulative or slow-onset changes, accidental disruptions or industrial accidents, development projects, and conflict and warfare. These 5 causes must be treated separately and not lumped together as environmental degradation. Shoreline erosion, coastal flooding, and agricultural disruption associated with climate change may increase migration. Global measures must address world poverty and promote sustainable development.},
	Author = {Lonergan, S},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lonergan - 1998 - The Role of Environmental Degradation in Population Displacement.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1091-9988},
	Journal = {Environmental Change and Security Project report},
	Keywords = {Demography,Emigration and Immigration,Environment,Health Planning Guidelines,Population,Population Dynamics,Public Policy,Refugees,Transients and Migrants},
	Month = jan,
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {5--15},
	Pmid = {12321719},
	Title = {{The Role of Environmental Degradation in Population Displacement}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12321719},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12321719}}

@article{Brown2002,
	Author = {Brown, David L},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Brown - 2002 - Migration and Community Social Networks in a Multilevel World.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {Rural Sociology},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {1--23},
	Title = {{Migration and Community : Social Networks in a Multilevel World}},
	Volume = {67},
	Year = {2002}}

@article{Roy2011,
	Abstract = {Objectives This study sought to increase government, civil society and media attention to the tobacco-poverty connection in Bangladesh, particularly as it relates to bidi-dependent livelihoods. Data sources This study consisted of a literature review that examined the socioeconomic impacts of tobacco farming, the working conditions of tobacco workers and the impact of tobacco on consumers, and a primary research study among bidi workers and users. The research included in-depth and semistructured interviews and focus group discussions among bidi workers and a closed-ended quantitative survey among bidi users. Data synthesis Most bidi worker families earn about \$6.40 per 7-day work week, leaving them below the poverty line. The majority of bidi workers are women and children, classified as unpaid assistants, who toil long hours in toxic environments. Bidi users are primarily low-income earners who spend up to 10\% of their daily income on bidis; the average proportion of income spent on bidis decreased as income increased. If bidi expenditures were reduced and spent instead on food or local transportation, many higher value jobs could be created. This could also mean better health and nutrition for those currently engaged in bidi work. Conclusions The results of this study illustrate the linkages between tobacco and poverty. Tobacco control is not simply about health and the environment, but also about the living conditions of the poorest of the poor. If we are to improve the lives of the poor, we must address the root causes of poverty, which include the production and use of tobacco.},
	Author = {Roy, Anupom and Efroymson, Debra and Jones, Lori and Ahmed, Saifuddin and Arafat, Islam and Sarker, Rashmi and Fitzgerald, Sian},
	Doi = {10.1136/tc.2011.043000},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Roy et al. - 2011 - Gainfully employed An inquiry into bidi-dependent livelihoods in Bangladesh.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1468-3318},
	Journal = {Tobacco control},
	Month = jul,
	Pages = {1--6},
	Pmid = {21775505},
	Title = {{Gainfully employed? An inquiry into bidi-dependent livelihoods in Bangladesh.}},
	Url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21775505},
	Year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21775505},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2011.043000}}

@article{Reuveny2007,
	Annote = {Notes that people are less likely to "exit" when people have no substitutes or when loyalty is high (657). Loyalty --> social cohesion? 
        
Network, pull, and push. 
        
Four channels through which migration can cause conflict (and may act concurrently):
1. Competition over resources in receiving area.
2. Ethnic tension
3. Distrust b/w sending/receiving states.
4. Existing socioeconomic fault lines (rural/urban, pastoralists/resident farmers)
        
Development/stability in receiving state affects likelihood of conflict. 
        
Abstract: In a world of rising sea levels and melting glaciers, climate change is most likely occurring but withuncertain overall effects. I argue that we can predict the effects of climate change on migration by explor- ing the effects of environmental problems on migration in recent decades. People can adapt to these prob- lems by staying in place and doing nothing, staying in place and mitigating the problems, or leaving the affected areas. The choice between these options will depend on the extent of problems and mitigation capabilities. People living in lesser developed countries may be more likely to leave affected areas, which may cause conflict in receiving areas. My findings support this theory, and suggest certain policy impli- cations for climate change.},
	Author = {Reuveny, R},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.05.001},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reuveny - 2007 - Climate Change-induced Migration and Violent Conflict.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {09626298},
	Journal = {Political Geography},
	Keywords = {climate change,conflict,migration},
	Month = aug,
	Number = {6},
	Pages = {656--673},
	Title = {{Climate Change-induced Migration and Violent Conflict}},
	Url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000601},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0962629807000601},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.05.001}}

@article{Garcia-Barrios2011,
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	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
	Keywords = {Ostrom},
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	Title = {{Social dilemmas and individual/group coordination strategies in a complex rural land-use game}},
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	Title = {{Resilience and adaptation in the governance of social-ecological systems}},
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	Journal = {International Journal of the Commons},
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	Title = {{Resource intruders and robustness of social-ecological systems: an irrigation system of Southeast Spain, a case study}},
	Url = {http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/278},
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@misc{UNVideos2009,
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	Title = {{Bangladesh: Statement 2009 UN Climate Change Summit}},
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	Urldate = {March 18, 2012},
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	Year = {2011}}

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	Title = {{Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas}},
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@unpublished{Coleman2010,
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	Keywords = {colombia,community-driven reconstruction,desarrollo y,development aid,evaluaci,experiment,for the report,l,laboratorios de paz,los programas paz y,on de impacto de,the data used for,this paper was collected},
	Title = {{Reconstructing Cooperation from Civil Conflict : Experimental Evidence from Colombian Development Policy}},
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	Title = {{Do Community-Driven Development Projects Enhance Social Capital? Evidence from the Philippines}},
	Year = {2008}}

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@article{Mirza2010,
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	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mirza - 2010 - Climate change, flooding in South Asia and implications.pdf:pdf},
	Issn = {1436-3798},
	Journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
	Keywords = {climate change \'{a} flooding,crop,damage \'{a} food security,\'{a} south asia \'{a}},
	Month = dec,
	Number = {S1},
	Pages = {95--107},
	Title = {{Climate change, flooding in South Asia and implications}},
	Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7},
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	Year = {2010},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7},
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@article{Barr2003,
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@article{Ganor2003,
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@unpublished{Salehyan2005,
	Author = {Salehyan, Idean},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salehyan - 2005 - Refugees, Climate Change, and Instability.pdf:pdf},
	Number = {June},
	Title = {{Refugees, Climate Change, and Instability}},
	Year = {2005}}

@article{Ostrom2011,
	Abstract = {It is instructive to read the article that Katharine Coman published in the first issue of the American Economic Review to gain insight into the problems of collective action related to irrigation in the American West. One gains further understanding of the problems Coman identifies by using a social-ecological system (Ostrom 2007, 2009) to organize the diverse variables identified by Coman. One gains a general lesson from this analysis that changing the formal governance structure of irrigation is not sufficient to ensure efficient investment in facilities or that farmers are able to acquire property and make a reasonable living. Building knowledge and trust are, however, essential for solving collective-action problems. (JEL B31, N51, Q15, Q25)},
	Author = {Ostrom, Elinor},
	File = {:Users/matthewdilorenzo/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ostrom - 2011 - Reflections on ``Some Unsettled Problems of Irrigation''.pdf:pdf},
	Journal = {American Economic Review},
	Keywords = {ostrom},
	Number = {February},
	Pages = {49--63},
	Title = {{Reflections on ``Some Unsettled Problems of Irrigation''}},
	Volume = {101},
	Year = {2011}}
